Method for determining allowable phosphate fertilizer application surplus of region corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the allowable phosphate fertilizer application surplus of regional corn, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: according to field experiment data, obtaining the phosphate fertilizer yield increase of region corn; constructing a regression relationship between the phosphorus application amount and the yield increase; establishing a linear relationship between the phosphorus application amount and the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount; determining a data range of phosphorus partial nutrient balance based on the phosphate fertilizer yield increment of the regional corn, and further obtaining a phosphorus application amount range; and according to the relationship between the phosphorus application amount and the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount, determining the range value of the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount, namely the allowable phosphorus application surplus amount of the region corn, and performing data conversion to obtain the allowable phosphorus fertilizer application surplus amount of the region corn. According to the method, while the corn yield is guaranteed, phosphorite resources are saved and utilized to the maximum extent, and feasible measures are provided for intensive management of phosphate fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region. Background Art

[0002] Phosphorus, as a widely used mineral resource, is one of the important nutrients for maintaining crop growth in agricultural production. As a component of phospholipids, cell membranes, proteins and other substances in biological organisms, phosphorus participates in nucleic acid formation, ATP energy transfer and conversion, and plays a key role in accelerating the tillering of cereal crops and increasing the starch content of grains, improving crop quality, and increasing crop yields. Therefore, phosphorus is one of the key factors restricting crop yields. However, as a non-renewable resource, the global annual mining volume is as high as 22Mt. With the continuous mining of phosphate mines, phosphate reserves are expected to be exhausted within the next 100 years. In the future, it is unsustainable to rely on high-volume input of phosphate fertilizers to meet human demand for food. The accumulation of phosphorus in the soil and the environmental pollution caused by loss have attracted widespread attention. Phosphorus fertilizers put into the soil are easily fixed by mineral adsorption and chemical precipitation, so excessive input of phosphate fertilizers will not play a role in continuous production increase. However, considering the inefficiency of phosphate fertilizer application, farmers usually apply excessive phosphate fertilizers in agricultural production to ensure crop yields. High phosphorus surplus leads to the continuous accumulation of phosphorus in agricultural soils. 71% of the world's cultivated land has an overall phosphorus surplus. Excess phosphorus fertilizer combines with soil and sediment and will not be absorbed by plants in the short term. Soil phosphorus accumulation greatly increases the risk of phosphorus loss, which will have long-term impacts on the environment.

[0003] If we want to maintain the apparent phosphorus balance state between the soil-plant system and improve the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer, we need to reduce the amount of phosphorus applied to the phosphorus balance level or below, so as to significantly reduce the accumulation of soil phosphorus and the phosphorus loss in high-phosphorus soil. However, the premise is to ensure that crop yields do not decrease. The most important measure is to control the amount of phosphorus fertilizer within a reasonable range. By improving the efficiency of phosphorus utilization and reducing the input of phosphorus fertilizer, it will have a very high driving effect on the world phosphorus cycle. Controlling the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to the apparent phosphorus balance level of the soil-plant system and determining the allowable surplus range of phosphorus fertilizer are important ways to solve the problems of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer and fixed losses. They are also the indispensable and primary tasks in phosphorus fertilizer management. Therefore, determining the allowable phosphorus surplus range based on crop yield increment and phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate is of great significance to increasing crop yields, intensive utilization of phosphorus fertilizers, reducing environmental point source and non-point source pollution caused by phosphorus fertilizer losses, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for determining the allowable phosphate fertilizer application surplus of corn in a region, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Based on the field experiment data, obtain the regional corn phosphate fertilizer yield increase data, that is, the yield increment of phosphate fertilizer;

[0008] Field experiment data requirements: the same plot contains the yields of treatments with and without phosphate fertilizer; the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied and corn yield are clear; except for the different amounts of phosphate fertilizer applied, other measures including planting patterns and farmland management are consistent;

[0009] Based on the yield of the treatment with phosphate fertilizer and the yield of the treatment without phosphate fertilizer, the quantitative relationship between the yield of the treatment with phosphate fertilizer and the yield of the treatment without phosphate fertilizer was established through formula (1): (the treatment with phosphate fertilizer refers to the application of all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the difference between the treatment without phosphate fertilizer and the treatment with phosphate fertilizer is that no phosphate fertilizer is applied)

[0010] Y0=a×Y (1);

[0011] In formula (1), Y represents the yield obtained under phosphorus fertilizer application, which is the treatment with the highest yield among the phosphorus fertilizer application treatments; Y0 represents the yield of the treatment without phosphorus application; a is a coefficient, which represents the ratio of the yield of the treatment without phosphorus application to the yield of the treatment with phosphorus application;

[0012] The yield-increasing efficiency of corn after applying phosphorus fertilizer can be calculated by formula (1):

[0013] Y OΔ =(1-a)×100 (2);

[0014] In formula (2), Y OΔ It indicates the yield increase rate (%) under the optimized application of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0015] S2. Construct the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0016] Calculate the yield increase rate under different phosphorus application rates:

[0017] Y Δ =(Y-Y0)÷Y0×100(3);

[0018] In formula (3), Y Δ represents the yield increase rate (%) under different phosphorus application rates, Y represents the yield with phosphorus fertilizer application, and Y0 represents the yield without phosphorus fertilizer application;

[0019] We can further obtain the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer:

[0020] Y Δ =b×F P2 + c×F P +d (4);

[0021] In formula (3), F P represents the amount of phosphorus applied; b, c, d are coefficients;

[0022] Formula (3) can be used to calculate the increase in phosphorus yield and the corresponding amount of phosphorus applied under this increase;

[0023] The amount of phosphorus applied under the yield increase rate obtained by equations (1) and (2) can be further calculated;

[0024] S3. Establishing a linear relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus; the apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop;

[0025] Phosphorus apparent balance (P Δ ) is calculated as:

[0026] P Δ =F P -R p (5);

[0027] In formula (5), P Δ represents the apparent balance of phosphorus; F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied; R p It represents the phosphorus removal of crops, which is the phosphorus removal of corn aboveground parts and the sum of phosphorus absorption of grains and straw;

[0028] Build P Δ and F P Linear relationships between parameters;

[0029] P Δ =e×F P +f(6);

[0030] In formula (6), P Δ represents the apparent balance of phosphorus; F P represents the amount of phosphorus applied; e is the coefficient; f is the constant;

[0031] S4. Data range for determining phosphorus nutrient balance based on regional corn phosphorus fertilizer yield increment:

[0032] According to the regression relationship in S2, the amount of phosphorus applied under the optimal yield increment in S1 is obtained, and then the optimal apparent phosphorus balance is obtained according to the relationship in S3; the apparent phosphorus balance is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop, and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop is obtained;

[0033] The optimal PNB-P was calculated according to the following formula;

[0034] PNB-P=Rp ÷F P ;

[0035] In the formula, PNB-P represents the partial nutrient balance of phosphorus, R p represents the amount of phosphorus removed by crops, F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0036] If the optimal PNB-P>1.0, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 1.0 and the lower limit to 0.8;

[0037] If 0.8<optimal PNB-P<1.0, adjust the lower limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the upper limit unchanged;

[0038] If the optimal PNB-P is less than 0.8, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the lower limit unchanged;

[0039] Among them, the upper limit corresponds to the minimum amount of phosphorus applied, and the lower limit corresponds to the maximum amount of phosphorus applied;

[0040] S5. The phosphorus application amount range is obtained according to the formula in step S4 based on the data range of the phosphorus partial nutrient balance determined in S4;

[0041] S6. According to the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus in step S3, the range of the apparent balance of phosphorus is determined, that is, the allowable surplus amount of phosphorus application for corn in the region;

[0042] S7. The regional corn phosphorus surplus amount obtained in step S6 is converted into the phosphorus fertilizer usage in production practice to obtain the regional corn phosphorus surplus amount.

[0043] The present invention also provides a system for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program run by the processor, and when the computer program is run by the processor, the system executes the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region as described above.

[0044] The present invention further provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is run, the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in the above region is executed.

[0045] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0046] The present invention proposes a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region, so as to solve the problem that the existing fertilization method of phosphate fertilizer application is unscientific, and while ensuring the corn yield, the phosphate resources are utilized in the most economical way, providing a feasible measure for the intensive management of phosphate fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a relationship diagram for determining the yield-increasing effect of corn yield after phosphorus application in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a relationship diagram for determining the phosphorus application amount and yield increment of corn in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a relationship diagram for determining the phosphorus application amount and the apparent phosphorus balance of corn in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0053] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0055] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0056] Corn is widely planted in various regions. The embodiments of the present invention are divided into spring corn and summer corn planting areas according to the corn planting types, and the relevant embodiments are described.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] (1) Collect and summarize the field test data of spring corn and summer corn in the study area, including:

[0059] All test data come from field tests, including tests on different phosphate fertilizer dosages, 3414 tests, and tests on recommended phosphate fertilizer dosages. The test data include phosphate fertilizer dosage, corn yield, and phosphorus absorption in treatments with and without phosphate fertilizer.

[0060] The yield-increasing effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on spring and summer corn was calculated, among which: the treatment with the highest total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium yield among all treatments was used to optimize fertilization yield.

[0061] The linear relationship was used to simulate the relationship between the yield of spring and summer maize with full application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the yield without phosphorus application (such as Figure 1 ),in:

[0062] Spring corn: y = 0.865x;

[0063] Summer corn: y = 0.897x;

[0064] In this formula, x is the yield with all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied, and y is the yield without phosphorus application;

[0065] Further, the yield-increasing effect of phosphate fertilizer is calculated, where:

[0066] Spring corn = (1-0.865) × 100 = 13.5%;

[0067] Summer corn = (1-0.897) × 100 = 10.3%;

[0068] (2) The quadratic curve model was used to simulate the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied to corn and the yield increment (e.g. Figure 2 ),in:

[0069] This part of the data contains the data of each phosphorus application amount and the corresponding yield increase, and the relationship is:

[0070] Spring corn: y = -0.0031x 2 +0.4636x+1.7188;

[0071] Summer corn: y = -0.0039x 2+0.5002x+0.7334;

[0072] In this formula, y is the increase in corn yield after phosphorus application, and x represents the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0073] Furthermore, the phosphorus application rate under the optimal yield increment obtained in step 1 can be obtained, where:

[0074] Spring corn: 32.5kg P / ha;

[0075] Summer corn: 23.4 kg P / ha;

[0076] (3) A linear relationship is used to simulate the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent phosphorus balance, where:

[0077] The apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed, where:

[0078] The amount of nutrient removal is based on the accumulation of aboveground phosphorus. The straw phosphorus content is low, the amount of mineralization in the season is small, and the effectiveness is low, so the straw nutrients are classified as nutrient removal.

[0079] The relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent phosphorus balance is as follows: Figure 3 ,in:

[0080] Spring corn: y = 0.8937x-34.141;

[0081] Summer corn: y = 0.8725x-33.972;

[0082] In this formula, y is the apparent balance of phosphorus, and x represents the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0083] The apparent balance of phosphorus under the optimal yield increment obtained in step 1 can be further obtained, where:

[0084] Spring corn: -5.1kg P / ha;

[0085] Summer corn: -13.6kg P / ha;

[0086] (4) The rationality of the phosphorus application amount obtained in step (2) is determined based on the partial phosphorus nutrient balance (PNB-P). First, the phosphorus removal amount is calculated. The calculation formula is: the difference between the phosphorus application amount and the phosphorus nutrient balance amount, where:

[0087] The apparent phosphorus balance of spring corn and summer corn is negative, so the phosphorus removal is:

[0088] Spring corn: 32.5 + 5.1 = 37.6 kg P / ha;

[0089] Summer corn: 23.4 + 13.6 = 37.0 kg P / ha;

[0090] Further, the PNB-P of spring corn and summer corn under the yield increment of step (1) can be obtained, where:

[0091] Spring corn: 37.6÷32.5=1.16;

[0092] Summer corn: 37.0÷23.4=1.58;

[0093] (5) Adjust the phosphorus application amount according to the PNB value. Since the PNB-P of spring corn and summer corn is > 1.0, the upper limit of PNB-P is adjusted to 1.0, and the corresponding lower limit of phosphorus application amount is the phosphorus removal amount, where:

[0094] Spring corn: 37.6kg P / ha;

[0095] Summer corn: 37.0 kg P / ha;

[0096] Further, the upper limit of phosphorus application for spring corn and summer corn is determined, and the lower limit of PNB-P is set to 0.8, that is, the phosphorus removal amount is 80% of the phosphorus application amount. At this time, the phosphorus surplus (phosphorus apparent balance) is equivalent to 0.2 times the phosphorus application amount (i.e. 1-0.8=0.2). The corresponding phosphorus application amount is calculated according to the formula in step (3), where:

[0097] Spring corn: 34.141÷(0.8937-0.2)=49.3kg P / ha;

[0098] Summer corn: 33.972÷(0.8725-0.2)=50.5kg P / ha;

[0099] It can be further concluded that under the optimized phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate range, that is, the phosphorus application range when the PNB-P of spring corn and summer corn is in the range of 0.8-1.0, among which:

[0100] Spring corn: 37.6-49.3kg P / ha;

[0101] Summer corn: 37.0-50.5kg P / ha;

[0102] (6) Based on the range of phosphorus application obtained in step (5), according to the formula in step (3), the allowable phosphorus surplus under the optimized phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate range, that is, when the PNB-P of spring corn and summer corn is between 0.80 and 1.00, can be obtained, where:

[0103] Spring corn: 0-9.9kg P / ha;

[0104] Summer corn: 0-10.1kg P / ha;

[0105] Furthermore, the phosphorus dosage in this range is converted into the actual dosage in production practice, that is, elemental phosphorus is converted into oxides and multiplied by the coefficient 2.292, and the surplus amount of phosphorus fertilizer allowed is:

[0106] Spring corn: 0-22.7kg P2O5 / ha;

[0107] Summer corn: 0-23.1kg P2O5 / ha;

[0108] In the main spring corn producing areas and summer corn producing areas, two scenarios, conventional fertilization and optimized fertilization, were set up with conventional fertilization as the control to verify the rationality of the phosphate fertilizer surplus range, including corn yield, phosphorus application rate, phosphorus absorption and PNB-P under different fertilization scenarios.

[0109] Table 1

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Table 1 shows the effects of different fertilization scenarios on phosphorus application, yield, phosphorus absorption and PNB-P. From the results of the field test, it can be seen that the phosphorus application of conventional fertilization has a serious problem of excessive application, among which the PNB-P of spring corn and summer corn is lower than 0.8, and the phosphorus fertilizer surplus exceeds the upper limit of the allowable surplus, and the excess values ​​reach 10.3 and 30.9 kg P2O5 / ha respectively; while the phosphorus application of optimized fertilization shows that compared with conventional fertilization, it not only reduces the phosphorus fertilizer application by 21.7% and 37.5% in spring corn and summer corn, but also increases the yield by 8.4% and 11.4% respectively, and the PNB-P reaches 0.98 and 0.97 respectively.

[0113] Phosphate fertilizer is still a necessity to ensure corn yield. Due to its low water solubility and low volatility, phosphorus is often adsorbed and deposited in the soil in the form of mineral salts, resulting in farmers inputting far more phosphorus fertilizer than the crop needs. Crops need sufficient phosphorus in the early stages of growth, which plays a decisive role in crop yield. However, the negative effects of excessive phosphorus fertilizer input on yield cannot be ignored. Improving the utilization efficiency of residual phosphorus in the soil is an important part of the sustainable use of agricultural phosphorus. Under the premise of ensuring crop yield, it is extremely important to manage phosphorus fertilizer based on crop yield response, that is, the yield increase efficiency after applying phosphorus fertilizer. Some methods are used to activate phosphorus in the soil, such as adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus activators to accelerate the transformation of residual phosphorus and increase phosphorus effectiveness. These methods have played a role in activating soil phosphorus to a certain extent, but they only play a mitigating role. Reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer from the source is the best treatment method. Our research provides farmers and agricultural decision makers with a better range of phosphorus application by balancing soil nutrients and crop absorption, while ensuring that the yield increment does not decrease, which is conducive to the resource utilization of phosphorus. In addition, according to the planting type of corn, it is divided into spring corn and summer corn to formulate a reasonable range of phosphorus application, which is of great significance to improve phosphorus utilization, protect the ecological environment and save resources. However, there is no exact range of phosphorus input to improve the productivity of small farmers. Our invention solves this problem and can achieve the maximum conservation of phosphate resources, which provides a feasible measure for the intensive management of global phosphate fertilizers.

[0114] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the field experiment data, obtain the regional corn phosphate fertilizer yield increase data; S2. Construct the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer; S3. Establishing a linear relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus; the apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop; S4. Data range for determining phosphorus partial nutrient balance based on regional corn yield increase using phosphorus fertilizer: According to the regression relationship in S2, the amount of phosphorus applied under the optimal yield increase in S1 is obtained, and then the optimal apparent phosphorus balance is obtained according to the relationship in S3. The apparent phosphorus balance is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop, and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop is obtained; The optimal PNB-P was calculated according to the following formula; PNB-P=R p ÷F P ; In the formula, PNB-P represents the partial nutrient balance of phosphorus, R p Indicates the amount of crop phosphorus removed, F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied; If the optimal PNB-P>1.0, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 1.0 and the lower limit to 0.8; If 0.8<optimal PNB-P<1.0, adjust the lower limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the upper limit unchanged; If the optimal PNB-P is less than 0.8, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the lower limit unchanged; Among them, the upper limit corresponds to the minimum amount of phosphorus applied, and the lower limit corresponds to the maximum amount of phosphorus applied; S5. The phosphorus application amount range is obtained according to the formula in step S4 based on the data range of the phosphorus partial nutrient balance determined in S4; S6. According to the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus in step S3, the range of the apparent balance of phosphorus is determined, that is, the allowable surplus amount of phosphorus application for corn in the region; S7. The regional corn phosphorus surplus amount obtained in step S6 is converted into the phosphorus fertilizer usage in production practice to obtain the regional corn phosphorus surplus amount.

2. A system for determining the amount of phosphate fertilizer surplus allowed for corn in a region, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executed by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphorus fertilizer application for corn in a region as claimed in claim 1 is executed.

3. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when run, executes the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for corn in a region as claimed in claim 1.

Images