Camellia nitidissima dwarfing ecological cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a golden camellia dwarfing ecological cultivation method which mainly comprises the working procedures of planting field selection, nursery stock field planting, dwarfing pruning, water and fertilizer management, pest control and harvesting, and specifically comprises the steps of selecting a suitable planting field, planting golden camellia seedlings from December in winter and spring to April in the next year, dwarfing pruning to control the height of the trees to be 2.0 m or below, fertilizing young trees and adult trees, and harvesting. Agricultural control, biological control and physical control are taken as main control, pesticide control is taken as auxiliary control, disease and pest control is carried out, flowers are harvested after five years of field planting, and leaves are harvested after seven years of field planting. The camellia nitidissima dwarfing ecological cultivation method is simple, the crown forming efficiency of camellia nitidissima can be improved, early blossoming is promoted, and economic benefits are rapidly obtained; through dwarfing, the camellia nitidissima is reasonable in crown structure, short and thick in branches, many in flowering and good in ventilation and light transmission, and high and stable yield is achieved; safe and high-quality camellia nitidissima can be produced, and the requirements of consumers for high-quality camellia nitidissima products are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting, relates to the field of camellia chrysantha planting, and specifically relates to a dwarfing ecological cultivation method for camellia chrysantha. Background Art

[0002] Camellia nitidissima is a plant of the Theaceae, Camellia, Sect. Chrysantha Chang. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree and is a rare ornamental plant and germplasm resource in the world. Camellia nitidissima contains a variety of trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins and other ingredients that have important health effects on the human body, and is very suitable for tea making. Camellia nitidissima also has high medicinal value and is often used in the treatment of diseases such as pharyngitis, dysentery, nephritis, edema, urinary tract infection, etc. At present, the flowers and leaves of Camellia nitidissima have been fully utilized and developed into various types of products, forming good economic benefits.

[0003] At present, the process of industrialized cultivation of Camellia chrysantha has been in a state of extensive management for a long time, that is, it is mainly based on the natural growth form, the plant height is generally 3 to 5 meters, pruning and picking are difficult, the plant shape is compact, and the canopy light transmittance is poor, which is not conducive to high and stable yields; at the same time, Camellia chrysantha, as a medicinal plant and new resource food, has high requirements for the safety of its products. Due to the abuse of chemical pesticides during cultivation, the production of Camellia chrysantha may have quality and safety risks. Therefore, developing a dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha, establishing a dwarfing cultivation technology for Camellia chrysantha, and clarifying its fertilization and pest control technology are of great significance for reducing the production cost of Camellia chrysantha, improving the quality and safety of Camellia chrysantha raw materials, and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the Camellia chrysantha industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha which improves production management efficiency through dwarfing control and promotes high and stable yields of Camellia chrysantha to achieve excellent quality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha mainly includes the following steps: selecting a planting site, planting seedlings, dwarfing pruning, water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control and harvesting. By selecting a suitable planting site, planting Camellia chrysantha seedlings from December to April of the following year in winter and spring, dwarfing pruning to control the tree height to less than 2.0 m, fertilizing young trees and adult trees, mainly using agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control, pest and disease control, harvesting flowers after 5 years of planting, and harvesting leaves after 7 years of planting.

[0007] The main steps are as follows:

[0008] (1) Planting site selection: Select a gently sloping land that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with a deep soil layer and good drainage and irrigation. The upper shade trees are evergreen or deciduous trees such as Masson pine, cinnamon, and star anise. The shade degree is 60-85% as the planting site for Camellia chrysantha.

[0009] (2) Planting of seedlings: Planting of seedlings is carried out from December to April of the following year in winter and spring. Select healthy Camellia chrysantha seedlings as the planting seedlings.

[0010] (3) Dwarfing pruning:

[0011] ① Stem setting: Stem setting is carried out in May-June of the first year after planting, and the stem setting height is 40-50cm;

[0012] ② Pruning of young trees: From the second to the sixth year after planting, pruning and topping are carried out every year, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6m;

[0013] ③ Pulling branches: When the saplings are 1.2-1.4m tall, pull the main branches according to the shape of the plant, with the pulling angle of 45°-60°;

[0014] ④ Pruning of mature trees: The Camellia chrysantha is basically formed in the seventh year after planting and is considered a mature tree; starting from the seventh year after planting, the mature trees are thinned and topped before the flower buds differentiate in May and June each year to control the tree height below 2.0m; the objects to be thinned are diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, dry branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, and branches that are too low, etc.

[0015] (4) Water and fertilizer management:

[0016] ① Water management: follow the principle of watering when the soil is dry and wet in the morning or evening on sunny days, keep the soil water holding capacity at 75% to 85%, and use sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation or manual watering to replenish water; pay attention to timely remove waterlogging on rainy days;

[0017] ② Fertilization during the young tree period: From the first to the sixth year after planting, apply base fertilizer once in December every winter, 2-3kg of farmyard manure or 1-2kg of organic fertilizer per plant; apply topdressing twice a year, in April-May and September-October respectively, 10-30g of compound fertilizer per plant;

[0018] ③ Fertilization of mature trees: Starting from the seventh year after planting, apply basal fertilizer once in winter in December every year, 5-8kg of farmyard manure or 2-3kg of organic fertilizer per plant, and 150-200g of microbial fertilizer; apply topdressing once in August-September every year, 30-50g of compound fertilizer per plant; spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times a year;

[0019] (5) Pest and disease control: follow the plant protection principle of "prevention first, integrated control", mainly agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control, and adopt corresponding control measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of each pest and disease; the specific control methods are:

[0020] ①Disease prevention and control:

[0021] Anthracnose: Strengthen cultivation management, promptly cut off diseased and dead branches, and burn them in batches; spray lime sulfur mixture or 40% carbendazim 500 times diluted once in winter to reduce overwintering pathogens. In the early stage of the disease, spray 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension 1000-1500 times diluted, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times diluted, 99% mineral oil emulsion 100 times diluted, etc. for prevention and control;

[0022] Red leaf blight: Cut off the diseased and dead branches in time and burn them in batches; use 0.6% lime half-strength Bordeaux mixture for prevention in the early stage of the disease; spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted for prevention in the early stage of the disease;

[0023] Algal spot disease: Prune weak branches and dead branches in time to ensure ventilation and light transmission to improve tree resistance; spray with 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease;

[0024] Sooty mold: Cut off the diseased leaves and burn them in time; strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission; use systemic insecticides to prevent insects; in severe cases, spray 200 times diluted lime sulfur mixture;

[0025] Root rot: promptly remove diseased seedlings and disinfect the soil, treat the soil with 500 mg / L of chlorine dioxide, or use fungicides such as carbendazim and mancozeb;

[0026] ②Pest control:

[0027] Aphids: Hang yellow traps to lure and kill them, and protect natural enemy insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and aphid flies; in severe cases, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times diluted + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times diluted + 240g / L chlorfenapyr 1500-2000 times diluted for prevention and control;

[0028] Scale insects: manually cut off the branches with insects or brush off the insect bodies; during the pest period, spray with 100-150 times diluted 99% mineral oil or 2000-3000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid for prevention and control;

[0029] Tea leaf roller: Protect natural enemies such as Trichogramma pseudo-Australis, Trichogramma pine, and Cotton wasp; set up insect traps and sweet and sour liquid to kill adult insects; when a small amount of insect pests are found, remove the leaves infested by insects in time, and spray 0.6% matrine aqueous solution 800-1000 times diluted or 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times diluted for prevention and control;

[0030] False-eyed green leafhopper: Strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, remove dead branches and leaves in time; hang yellow insect traps to lure and kill; protect natural enemies such as spiders, ladybugs, mantises, and wasps; during the insect pest period, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times + 25% thiamethoxam 7000-8000 times + 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times for prevention and control;

[0031] Tea branch borer: Prune the infested branches thoroughly, burn them in a centralized manner, and spray with 2000-3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times diluted 2% thiacloprid microcapsule suspension for prevention and control;

[0032] (6) Harvesting:

[0033] ① Leaf picking: Leaf picking is carried out 7 years after planting; tender leaves are picked after new shoots emerge in October-November and before the leaves turn green; mature leaves are picked in March-April or August-October; tender leaves are picked less than 30% of the total tender leaves of the whole plant, and mature leaves are picked less than 25% of the total leaves of the whole plant;

[0034] ② Picking flowers: Remove flower buds 4 years before transplanting to promote plant growth. Flowers can be harvested 5 years after transplanting. Pick flowers on the day they bloom. Choose golden-colored, disease-free, insect-free, "fish-mouth" or "cup-shaped" flowers. Gently break them off at the base of the pedicel. Pick 1-2 times a day.

[0035] Preferably, the specific operation steps of pruning young trees in the dwarfing pruning in step (3) above are as follows:

[0036] a. Prune the main branches in May or June of the second year after planting, keep 2-3 main branches on the trunk, top them, let them grow strong branches naturally, and cut and wipe off the small branches and buds below 30cm in time;

[0037] b. In May and June of the third year after planting, keep 4-6 secondary main branches with strong growth on the main branches, cut off the rest, and cut off the top buds of the upright secondary main branches, and top the tree to control the tree height within 90cm;

[0038] c. In May and June of the fourth year after planting, remove upright branches, overgrown branches, overcrowded branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, etc., and top the tree to control the tree height within 1.2m to ensure that the branches spread out in all directions and have good permeability;

[0039] d. The pruning method in May-June of the fifth year after transplanting and May-June of the sixth year after transplanting is the same as that in the fourth year after transplanting, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6m by topping.

[0040] Preferably, in the above step (2), the seedlings are planted at a spacing of 2.5m×2.5m or 2.5m×3.0m, with 90-110 seedlings planted per mu; during planting, holes are dug on the bed surface, with a length, width and depth of 40cm×40cm×40cm; before planting, 5kg of farmyard manure is added to each hole and mixed with the hole soil as base fertilizer.

[0041] Preferably, the robust Camellia chrysantha seedlings described in the seedling planting in step (2) above are 2-year-old seedlings or grafted seedlings with a seedling height of 60-80 cm.

[0042] Preferably, the microbial fertilizer used in the water and fertilizer management of the above step (4) when fertilizing adult trees is a composite microbial agent with an effective live bacteria count of ≧1 billion / g; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% urea + 0.1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 600-800 times diluted amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer.

[0043] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] 1. The dwarfing cultivation method of the camellia chrysantha of the present invention is simple, can promote the formation of the crown of the camellia chrysantha, promote early flowering, and quickly obtain economic benefits; through dwarfing, the crown structure of the camellia chrysantha is reasonable, the branches are short and thick, the flowers are abundant, the ventilation and light transmission are good, and high and stable yields are achieved.

[0045] 2. The present invention avoids the use of chemicals to control height and dwarfing. The height of the Camellia chrysantha tree can be controlled only through dwarfing pruning and branch pulling techniques, so that the tree height is ultimately controlled below 2.0 m, which is convenient for manual production management, picking and other operations, reduces the production cost of Camellia chrysantha, improves production management efficiency, and conforms to the concept and requirements of ecological planting.

[0046] 3. The present invention mainly applies farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and adds microbial fertilizer, which reduces the input of chemical fertilizers, can also break up soil compaction, improve soil, prolong fertilizer effect, help plant roots absorb nutrients, and promote the growth and quality of Camellia chrysantha.

[0047] 4. The present invention performs different fertilizer and water management at different growth stages of Camellia chrysantha, provides sufficient nutrition for Camellia chrysantha according to its growth law, promotes flowering, ensures high and stable yields every year, and improves economic benefits.

[0048] 5. The present invention mainly uses agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control, to carry out comprehensive green control of pests and diseases, and can produce safe and high-quality golden camellia, meeting consumers' demand for high-quality golden camellia products, and has good economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of Example 1 after the first year of planting.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the Camellia chrysantha plant being pulled in Example 1.

[0051] Figure 3 This is the adult plant of Example 1 after 7 years of planting.

[0052] Figure 4 This is the adult plant of Comparative Example 1 after being planted for 7 years. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0054] Embodiment 1:

[0055] A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha, the main operating steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) Planting site selection: Select a gently sloping land that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with a deep soil layer and good drainage and irrigation. The upper shade tree species is Masson pine, and the shade degree is 60-70% as the planting site for Camellia chrysantha.

[0057] (2) Planting of seedlings: Planting should be carried out in December to January of the following year in winter and spring. Two-year-old healthy Camellia chrysantha seedlings or grafted seedlings with a height of 60-80 cm should be selected as the planting seedlings.

[0058] The seedlings are planted at a spacing of 2.5m×2.5m or 2.5m×3.0m, with 90-110 plants planted per mu. During planting, holes are dug on the bed surface with a length, width and depth of 40cm×40cm×40cm. Before planting, 5kg of farmyard manure is mixed with the soil in each hole as base fertilizer.

[0059] (3) Dwarfing pruning:

[0060] ① Stem setting: Stem setting is carried out in May-June of the first year after planting, and the stem setting height is 40-50cm;

[0061] ② Pruning of young trees: From the second to the sixth year after planting, pruning and topping are carried out every year, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6m. The specific steps for pruning young trees are as follows:

[0062] a. Prune the main branches in May or June of the second year after planting, keep 2-3 main branches on the trunk, top them, let them grow strong branches naturally, and cut and wipe off the small branches and buds below 30cm in time;

[0063] b. In May and June of the third year after planting, keep 4-6 secondary main branches with strong growth on the main branches, cut off the rest, and cut off the top buds of the upright secondary main branches, and top the tree to control the tree height within 90cm;

[0064] c. In May and June of the fourth year after planting, remove upright branches, overgrown branches, overcrowded branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, etc., and top the tree to control the tree height within 1.2m to ensure that the branches spread out in all directions and have good permeability;

[0065] d. The pruning method in May-June of the fifth year after planting and May-June of the sixth year after planting is the same as that in the fourth year after planting, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6m by topping;

[0066] ③ Pulling branches: When the saplings are 1.2-1.4m tall, pull the main branches according to the shape of the plant, with the pulling angle of 45°-60°;

[0067] ④ Pruning of mature trees: The Camellia chrysantha is basically formed in the seventh year after planting and is considered a mature tree; starting from the seventh year after planting, the mature trees are thinned and topped before the flower buds differentiate in May and June each year to control the tree height below 2.0m; the objects to be thinned are diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, dry branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, and branches that are too low, etc.

[0068] (4) Water and fertilizer management:

[0069] ① Water management: follow the principle of watering when the soil is dry and wet in the morning or evening on sunny days, keep the soil water holding capacity at 75% to 85%, and use sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation or manual watering to replenish water; pay attention to timely remove waterlogging on rainy days;

[0070] ② Fertilization during the young tree period: From the first to the sixth year after planting, apply base fertilizer once in December every winter, 2-3kg of farmyard manure or 1-2kg of organic fertilizer per plant; apply topdressing twice a year, in April-May and September-October respectively, 10-30g of NPK15-15-15 compound fertilizer per plant;

[0071] ③ Fertilization of mature trees: Starting from the seventh year after planting, apply basal fertilizer once in winter in December every year, 5-8kg of farmyard manure or 2-3kg of organic fertilizer per plant, and 150-200g of microbial fertilizer; apply topdressing once in August-September every year, 30-50g of NPK15-15-15 compound fertilizer per plant; spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times a year;

[0072] The microbial fertilizer is a composite microbial agent with an effective live bacteria count of ≧1 billion / g; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% urea + 0.1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 600-800 times diluted amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer;

[0073] (5) Pest and disease control: follow the plant protection principle of "prevention first, integrated control", mainly agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control, and adopt corresponding control measures according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of each pest and disease; the specific control methods are:

[0074] ①Disease prevention and control:

[0075] Anthracnose: Strengthen cultivation management, promptly cut off diseased and dead branches, and burn them in batches; spray lime sulfur mixture or 40% carbendazim 500 times diluted once in winter to reduce overwintering pathogens; in the early stage of the disease, spray 250g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension 1000-1500 times diluted, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times diluted, 99% mineral oil emulsion 100 times diluted, etc. for prevention and control;

[0076] Red leaf blight: Cut off the diseased and dead branches in time and burn them in batches; use 0.6% lime half-strength Bordeaux mixture for prevention in the early stage of the disease; spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted for prevention in the early stage of the disease;

[0077] Algal spot disease: Prune weak branches and dead branches in time to ensure ventilation and light transmission to improve tree resistance; spray with 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease;

[0078] Sooty mold: Cut off the diseased leaves and burn them in time; strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission; use systemic insecticides to prevent insects; in severe cases, spray 200 times diluted lime sulfur mixture;

[0079] Root rot: promptly remove diseased seedlings and disinfect the soil, treat the soil with 500 mg / L of chlorine dioxide, or use fungicides such as carbendazim and mancozeb;

[0080] ②Pest control:

[0081] Aphids: Hang yellow traps to lure and kill them, and protect natural enemy insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and aphid flies; in severe cases, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times diluted + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times diluted + 240g / L chlorfenapyr 1500-2000 times diluted for prevention and control;

[0082] Scale insects: manually cut off the branches with insects or brush off the insect bodies; during the pest period, spray with 100-150 times diluted 99% mineral oil or 2000-3000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid for prevention and control;

[0083] Tea leaf roller: Protect natural enemies such as Trichogramma pseudo-Australis, Trichogramma pine, and Cotton wasp; set up insect traps and sweet and sour liquid to kill adult insects; when a small amount of insect pests are found, remove the leaves infested by insects in time, and spray 0.6% matrine aqueous solution 800-1000 times diluted or 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times diluted for prevention and control;

[0084] False-eyed green leafhopper: Strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, remove dead branches and leaves in time; hang yellow insect traps to lure and kill; protect natural enemies such as spiders, ladybugs, mantises, and wasps; during the insect pest period, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times + 25% thiamethoxam 7000-8000 times + 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times for prevention and control;

[0085] Tea branch borer: Prune the infested branches thoroughly, burn them in a centralized manner, and spray with 2000-3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times diluted 2% thiacloprid microcapsule suspension for prevention and control;

[0086] (6) Harvesting:

[0087] ① Leaf picking: Leaf picking is carried out 7 years after planting; tender leaves are picked after new shoots emerge in October-November and before the leaves turn green; mature leaves are picked in March-April or August-October; tender leaves are picked less than 30% of the total tender leaves of the whole plant, and mature leaves are picked less than 25% of the total leaves of the whole plant;

[0088] ② Picking flowers: Remove flower buds 4 years before transplanting to promote plant growth. Flowers can be harvested 5 years after transplanting. Pick flowers on the day they bloom. Choose golden-colored, disease-free, insect-free, "fish-mouth" or "cup-shaped" flowers. Gently break them off at the base of the pedicel. Pick 1-2 times a day.

[0089] Embodiment 2:

[0090] The only difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), the upper shade tree species is cinnamon, and the shade degree is 70-80% when selecting the planting site; and in step (2), the seedling planting time is 1-2 months. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0091] Embodiment 3:

[0092] The only difference from Example 1 is that in step (1), the upper shade tree species is star anise when selecting the planting site, and the shade degree is 75-85%; and in step (2), the seedling planting time is March to April. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 1:

[0094] The only difference from Example 1 is that step (3) dwarfing pruning does not include the pruning process of young trees. After the trunk is fixed and the branches are pulled, only the branches of the adult trees are pruned, that is, starting from the seventh year after planting, the adult trees are thinned and topped before the flower buds differentiate in May and June each year; the objects to be thinned are diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, dry branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, and too low branches. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 2:

[0096] The only difference from Example 1 is that step (3) uses a drug to dwarf the young trees, and there is no pruning process. Specifically, after the stems are fixed, from the second to the sixth year after planting, the whole Camellia chrysantha plant is sprayed with a dwarfing regulator until the leaves of the whole plant drip water, and the dwarfing regulator is paclobutrazol. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 3:

[0098] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilization method in step (6) of water and fertilizer management is different. After planting, regardless of the sapling stage or the mature tree stage, the same formula is used for fertilization management. Specifically, after planting, basal fertilizer is applied once in December every winter, with 2-3 kg of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer applied per plant; topdressing is applied twice a year, in April-May and September-October, respectively, with 10-30 g of NPK15-15-15 compound fertilizer applied per plant. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 4:

[0100] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilization method in step (6) water and fertilizer management is different. Specifically, after planting, basal fertilizer is applied once in winter in December each year, 5-8kg of farmyard manure or 2-kg of organic fertilizer is applied per plant, and 150-200g of microbial fertilizer is applied; topdressing is applied once in August and September each year, 30-50g / plant of NPK15-15-15 compound fertilizer; foliar fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times a year; the microbial fertilizer is a composite microbial agent with an effective live bacteria count of ≧1 billion / g; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% urea + 0.1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 600-800 times of aqueous amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer. The remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0101] Comparative Example 5:

[0102] The only difference from Example 1 is that the pest control method in step (5) is different, and conventional insecticides and disease resistance agents are used for pest control. Specifically, after planting, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, cypermethrin, omethoate, carbofuran, trichlorfon, etc. are sprayed every year during the golden camellia shoot period and the seasons when pests and diseases are rampant (spring and autumn) for pest control. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0103] Test example:

[0104] (1) The production data of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are compared as shown in Table 1:

[0105] Table 1

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] (2) According to GB23200.13.15-2016, the paclobutrazol content of the flowers and leaves of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 was sampled and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0109] Table 2 Detection results of paclobutrazol in flowers and leaves of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] (3) The flowers and leaves of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 5 were randomly inspected, and the results of heavy metal and pesticide residue detection were shown in Table 3-10:

[0113] Table 3 Example 1 Flower Detection Results

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Table 4. Blade test results of Example 1

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Table 5 Example 2 Flower Detection Results

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Table 6 Example 2 blade test results

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Table 7 Example 3 Flower Detection Results

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Table 8 Example 3 blade detection results

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] Table 9 Comparative Example 5 Flower Detection Results

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] Table 10 Comparative Example 5 Blade Test Results

[0135]

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] Based on the comparative analysis of the above results,

[0139] (1) As shown in Table 1, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention has an obvious dwarfing effect and does not affect plant growth. At the same time, it can promote early flowering, with higher flower and leaf yields and excellent quality;

[0140] (2) As shown in Table 1, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the dwarfing effect of the technical solution of the present invention is close to the dwarfing effect of the drug-controlled dwarfing, or even better; as shown in Table 2, the flowers and leaves of the technical solution of the present invention have no drug residue, thus avoiding the adverse effects of the use of dwarfing regulators on the yield of flowers and leaves;

[0141] (3) As shown in Table 1, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 3-4, it can be seen that the water and fertilizer management method of the technical solution of the present invention is more targeted and can effectively promote the growth and quality improvement of Camellia chrysantha;

[0142] (4) As shown in Tables 3 to 10, by comparing Examples 1 to 3 with Comparative Example 5, the flowers and leaves of the technical solution of the present invention meet the national food safety standards and relevant regulations and are green foods.

[0143] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha, characterized in that: It mainly includes the selection of planting sites, planting of seedlings, dwarfing pruning, water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control and harvesting procedures. By selecting suitable planting sites, golden camellia seedlings are planted from December to April of the following year in winter and spring, and dwarfing pruning is used to control the tree height below 2.0 m. Fertilization is applied to young and adult trees, and agricultural control, biological control and physical control are mainly used, supplemented by chemical control, pest and disease control, and flowers are harvested after 5 years of planting, and leaves are harvested after 7 years of planting. The main steps are as follows: (1) Planting site selection: Choose a gently sloping land that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with a deep soil layer and good drainage and irrigation. The upper shade tree species should be evergreen or deciduous trees with a shade degree of 60-85% as the planting site for Camellia chrysantha. (2) Planting of seedlings: Planting in winter and spring from December to April of the following year, and choose strong Camellia chrysantha seedlings as planting seedlings; (3) Dwarfing pruning: ① Stem setting: Stem setting is carried out in May-June of the first year after transplanting, and the stem setting height is 40-50 cm; ② Pruning of young trees: From the second to the sixth year after planting, pruning and topping are carried out every year, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6 m; ③ Pulling branches: When the saplings are 1.2-1.4 m tall, pull the main branches according to the shape of the plant, with the pulling angle of 45°-60°; ④ Pruning of mature trees: The Camellia chrysantha is basically formed in the seventh year after planting and is considered a mature tree; starting from the seventh year after planting, the mature trees are thinned and topped before the flower buds differentiate in May and June each year to control the tree height below 2.0 m; the objects to be thinned are diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches, dry branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches, weak branches, and branches that are too low, etc. (4) Water and fertilizer management: ① Water management: follow the principle of watering when the soil is dry and watering when it is wet. Water the soil in the morning or evening on sunny days. Keep the soil water holding capacity at 75% to 85%. Use sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation or manual watering to replenish water. Pay attention to draining waterlogging in time on rainy days. ② Fertilization during the young tree period: From the first to the sixth year after planting, apply base fertilizer once in December every winter, 2-3 kg of farmyard manure or 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant; apply topdressing twice a year, in April-May and September-October respectively, 10-30g of compound fertilizer per plant; ③ Fertilization of mature trees: Starting from the seventh year after planting, apply basal fertilizer once in winter in December every year, 5-8 kg of farmyard manure or 2-3 kg of organic fertilizer per plant, and 150-200 g of microbial fertilizer; apply topdressing once in August-September every year, 30-50 g of compound fertilizer per plant; spray foliar fertilizer 3-4 times a year; (5) Pest and disease control: agricultural control, biological control and physical control are the main methods, supplemented by chemical control. Appropriate control measures are adopted according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of each pest and disease. The specific control methods are as follows: ①Disease prevention and control: Anthracnose: Strengthen cultivation management, promptly cut off diseased and dead branches, and burn them in batches; spray lime sulfur mixture or 40% carbendazim 500 times diluted once in winter to reduce overwintering pathogens; in the early stage of the disease, spray 250 g / L pyraclostrobin emulsion suspension 1000-1500 times diluted, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1500 times diluted, 99% mineral oil emulsion 100 times diluted, etc. for prevention and control; Red leaf blight: Cut off the diseased and dead branches in time and burn them in batches; use 0.6% lime half-strength Bordeaux mixture for prevention in the early stage of the disease; spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times diluted for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease; Algal spot disease: Prune weak branches and dead branches in time to ensure ventilation and light transmission; spray with 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease; Sooty mold: Cut off the diseased leaves promptly and burn them; Strengthen cultivation management, ensure ventilation and light transmission; use systemic insecticides to prevent insects; in severe cases, spray 200 times diluted lime sulfur mixture; Root rot: promptly remove diseased seedlings and disinfect the soil, treat the soil with 500 mg / L of chlorine dioxide, or use fungicides such as carbendazim and mancozeb; ②Pest control: Aphids: Hang yellow traps to lure and kill them, and protect natural enemy insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and aphid flies; in severe cases, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times diluted + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times diluted + 240g / L chlorfenapyr 1500-2000 times diluted for prevention and control; Scale insects: manually cut off the branches with insects or brush off the insect bodies; during the pest period, spray with 100-150 times diluted 99% mineral oil or 2000-3000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid for prevention and control; Tea leaf roller: Protect natural enemies such as Trichogramma pseudo-Australis, Trichogramma pine, and Cotton wasp; set up insect traps and sweet and sour liquid to kill adult insects; when a small amount of insect pests are found, remove the leaves infested by insects in time, and spray 0.6% matrine aqueous solution 800-1000 times diluted or 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times diluted for prevention and control; False-eyed green leafhopper: Strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, remove dead branches and leaves in time; hang yellow insect traps to lure and kill; protect natural enemies such as spiders, ladybugs, mantises, and wasps; during the insect pest period, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid + 3% acetamiprid 1500-2000 times liquid + 25% thiamethoxam 7000-8000 times liquid + 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid for prevention and control; Tea branch borer: Prune the infested branches thoroughly, burn them in a centralized manner, and spray with 2000-3000 times diluted 5% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times diluted 2% thiacloprid microcapsule suspension for prevention and control; (6) Harvesting: ① Leaf picking: Leaf picking is carried out 7 years after planting; tender leaves are picked after new shoots emerge in October-November and before the leaves turn green; mature leaves are picked in March-April or August-October; tender leaves are picked less than 30% of the total tender leaves of the whole plant, and mature leaves are picked less than 25% of the total leaves of the whole plant; ② Picking flowers: Remove flower buds 4 years before transplanting to promote plant growth. Flowers can be harvested 5 years after transplanting. Pick flowers on the day they bloom. Choose golden-colored, disease-free, "fish-mouth" or "cup-shaped" flowers. Gently break them off at the base of the pedicel. Pick 1-2 times a day.

2. A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation steps of pruning young trees in step (3) of dwarfing pruning are as follows: a. Prune the main branches in May or June of the second year after planting, keep 2-3 main branches on the trunk, top them, let them grow strong branches naturally, and cut and wipe off the small branches and buds below 30 cm in time; b. In May and June of the third year after planting, keep 4-6 secondary main branches with strong growth on the main branches, cut off the rest, and cut off the top buds of the upright secondary main branches, and top the tree to control the tree height within 90 cm; c. In May and June of the fourth year after planting, remove upright branches, overgrown branches, overcrowded branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, etc., and top the tree to control the tree height within 1.2 m to ensure that the branches spread out in all directions and have good permeability; d. The pruning method in May-June of the fifth year after transplanting and May-June of the sixth year after transplanting is the same as that in the fourth year after transplanting, and the tree height is controlled within 1.6 m by topping.

3. A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the seedlings are planted at a spacing of 2.5 m×2.5 m or 2.5 m×3.0 m, with 90-110 seedlings planted per mu. During planting, holes are dug on the bed surface, with the length, width and depth of the holes being 40 cm×40 cm×40 cm. Before planting, 5 kg of farmyard manure is mixed evenly with the hole soil in each hole as base fertilizer.

4. A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: The robust Camellia chrysantha seedlings described in step (2) of seedling planting are 2-year-old seedlings or grafted seedlings with a seedling height of 60-80 cm.

5. A dwarfing ecological cultivation method for Camellia chrysantha according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4) of water and fertilizer management, the microbial fertilizer used in fertilizing adult trees is a composite microbial agent with an effective live bacteria count of ≧1 billion / g; the foliar fertilizer is a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% urea + 0.1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 600-800 times diluted amino acid-containing water-soluble foliar fertilizer.

Images