An energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and method, including a shell, a rotating shaft mechanism rotatably disposed within the shell, a crushing mechanism and a filter screen disposed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism, and an air jet mechanism connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism. An assembly shell is disposed on the top of the shell, and a heating and air supply mechanism is disposed on the assembly shell. A rotating device is disposed on the assembly shell. The air supply end of the heating and air supply mechanism is connected to a distribution pipe through an air inlet pipe, and the air supply end of the heating and air supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through an air inlet pipe. In this invention, the hot air supplied by the heating and air supply mechanism enters the distribution pipe to initially dry the crushed agricultural waste. Simultaneously, the hot air ejected by the air jet mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen upwards to contact the crushing mechanism again, achieving secondary crushing and secondary drying of the agricultural waste. This method is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, effectively preventing the crushing blades from rusting and reducing energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste treatment technology, specifically to an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural waste refers to waste generated from agricultural production, agricultural product processing, livestock and poultry farming, and rural residents' daily lives, such as straw. If agricultural waste is not properly treated, it will not only occupy a large amount of land resources but may also pollute the soil, water sources, and air. Therefore, agricultural waste is usually treated and returned to the field, mixed with other organic waste to prepare fertilizer, or reused as fuel. However, agricultural waste usually needs to be crushed before it can be reused. Existing crushing equipment usually has the following defects when in use:

[0003] When processing agricultural waste containing a certain amount of moisture, the shredder blades in the shredder are prone to rusting due to the presence of moisture. This not only significantly reduces shredding efficiency, making the process slow and inefficient, but also increases energy consumption, as more power is needed to overcome the additional resistance caused by the rusted blades. Therefore, we propose an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device and method to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that when existing crushing and treatment devices treat agricultural waste containing a certain amount of moisture, the crushing blades in the crushing device are prone to rusting due to the presence of moisture, thereby reducing crushing efficiency and increasing energy consumption.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device includes a shell with an inlet and an outlet. A rotating shaft mechanism is rotatably mounted inside the shell. A crushing mechanism is mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism for crushing agricultural waste. A filter screen is movably mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the crushing mechanism. The filter screen is fixed inside the shell. Several sets of air jet mechanisms, with air outlets directed towards the filter screen, are connected in a circular array on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the filter screen. A mounting shell is mounted on the top of the shell and movably fitted onto the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism. A heating air supply mechanism for supplying hot air is mounted on the mounting shell. A rotating device is mounted on the mounting shell to drive the rotating shaft mechanism and supply air to the heating air supply mechanism. The air supply end of the heating air supply mechanism is connected to a branch pipe through an inlet pipe. The branch pipe is located on the inner wall of the top of the shell, and several sets of interconnected air supply nozzles are located at the bottom of the branch pipe. The air supply end of the heating air supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through an inlet pipe to allow hot air to enter the air jet mechanisms.

[0007] A further improvement is that the rotating shaft mechanism includes:

[0008] A hollow rotating shaft has a venting component rotatably sleeved at its lower end, which is connected to the air inlet pipe. The venting component is fixed to the bottom wall of the outer shell.

[0009] A drive shaft is movably disposed within a hollow rotating shaft, with its top end extending into a drive fixing mechanism. The drive fixing mechanism is located within an assembly housing and communicates with the gas supply end of a heating gas supply mechanism via an air inlet pipe. The drive fixing mechanism is driven by the incoming hot gas to move the drive shaft downwards and fix it in place; and...

[0010] The valve core is rotatably located at the bottom end of the transmission shaft. The top of the valve core is attached to the valve seat, which is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft. The bottom of the valve core is provided with a sealing cylinder, which is located above the jet mechanism. The bottom of the sealing cylinder has several sets of air vents. When the transmission shaft moves downward, the valve core separates from the valve seat and causes the sealing cylinder to close the air inlet of the jet mechanism.

[0011] A further improvement is that the crushing mechanism includes:

[0012] Two sets of crushing blades, namely Crushing Blade Set 1 and Crushing Blade Set 2, are respectively disposed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft and located between the air supply nozzle and the filter screen. A guide plate is provided within the outer cavity of the outer casing between Crushing Blade Set 1 and Crushing Blade Set 2. The guide plate is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft and has a discharge port at its bottom. Both Crushing Blade Set 1 and Crushing Blade Set 2 include several sets of crushing blades disposed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft, and the number of crushing blades in Crushing Blade Set 2 is - times the number of crushing blades in Crushing Blade Set 1; and...

[0013] A grinding mechanism is located on the outer wall of the crushing blade and is used to grind the outer wall of the crushing blade. The grinding mechanism is connected to the drive shaft.

[0014] A further improvement is that the polishing mechanism includes:

[0015] Movable seats are respectively disposed at both ends of the outer wall of the pulverizing blade. Each set of movable seats has a polishing layer for grinding the outer wall of the pulverizing blade. Each set of movable seats has an arc-shaped protrusion on its opposite outer wall. The side of each set of movable seats facing the hollow rotating shaft is slidably connected to a guide seat. The guide seat is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft. A drive rod is provided between the two sets of movable seats to cooperate with the arc-shaped protrusion. One end of the drive rod movably passes through the hollow rotating shaft and is connected to the movable rod via a bracket. The bracket and the inner wall of the hollow rotating shaft are connected by a spring. A rolling element is provided at the end of the movable rod away from the bracket. An elastic element is provided inside the guide seat to drive the movable seat to return to its original position.

[0016] The drive block has an elliptical disk-shaped structure with a sliding groove around its edge for the rolling element to be inserted. The inner wall of the drive block has a groove, and the outer wall of the drive shaft has a protrusion that matches the groove.

[0017] When the drive shaft is fixed, the hollow rotating shaft rotates to drive the crushing blade, and then the movable rod causes the rolling element to slide around the sliding groove on the drive block. In turn, the drive rod reciprocates and, in conjunction with the arc-shaped protrusion and the elastic element, drives the two sets of movable seats to move closer or further apart. When the movable seats move, the outer wall of the crushing blade is polished by the grinding layer.

[0018] A further improvement is that the movable seat has a cavity, and the movable seat has a notch on the side facing the crushing blade. The inner wall of one side of the notch has several sets of air outlets that communicate with the cavity and face the grinding layer. The cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft through an air inlet pipe.

[0019] A further improvement is that the drive fixing mechanism includes an air intake seat fixed to the inner wall of the assembly housing, the air intake seat is connected to the air intake pipe in a three-way connection, a piston is slidably provided inside the air intake seat, a movable block is rotatably provided inside the piston, the piston is connected to the inner wall of one side of the air intake seat through an elastic element, an electromagnetic ring and a detection sensor are provided on the bottom wall of the air intake seat, the detection sensor and the electromagnetic ring are both connected to a controller, and a magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring is provided on the outer wall of the movable block;

[0020] After hot air enters the intake seat, it drives the piston to move downward. When the moving block comes into contact with the detection sensor, the controller controls the electromagnetic ring to attract the magnetic block and fix the drive shaft.

[0021] A further improvement is that the jet mechanism includes:

[0022] Several sets of jet components are arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of a hollow rotating shaft, with the air inlet of each jet component communicating with the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft. Each jet component has several sets of jet nozzles. A baffle is slidably mounted above each jet component. One end of the baffle is connected to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft via an elastic telescopic member, and the other end of the baffle is fitted with ball bearings. The baffle has several sets of openings offset from the jet nozzles.

[0023] Several sets of arc-shaped protrusions are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the outer shell. When the arc-shaped protrusions come into contact with the baffle, the baffle moves toward the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft, so that the opening corresponds to the jet nozzle one by one.

[0024] A further improvement is that the heating gas supply mechanism includes:

[0025] An air intake seat, fixedly inserted into the assembly housing, contains a heating element. Below the heating element, an impeller is located within the air intake seat. The shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly housing and is connected to the output end of the rotating equipment via a transmission gear set. The lower end of the air intake seat has an air supply port communicating with air inlet pipe one, air inlet pipe two, and air inlet pipe three; and...

[0026] The second transmission gear set is used to drive and connect the output end of the rotating equipment to the hollow rotating shaft.

[0027] An energy-saving and environmentally friendly method for utilizing and treating agricultural waste, using the aforementioned treatment device, includes the following steps:

[0028] S1: Agricultural waste to be processed enters the outer shell through the feed inlet, and the rotating equipment drives the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate, while the heating and gas supply mechanism supplies hot air.

[0029] S2: The rotating shaft mechanism drives the crushing mechanism to crush agricultural waste. Hot air enters the distribution pipe through the air inlet pipe and then sprays downward from the air supply nozzle to dry the crushed agricultural waste. After being crushed, the agricultural waste falls onto the filter screen. The qualified crushed agricultural waste passes through the filter screen and is discharged through the discharge port.

[0030] S3: The hot air supplied by the heating and gas supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe, and then is ejected from the jet mechanism, causing the agricultural waste on the filter screen to come into contact with the crushing mechanism again for secondary crushing and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter screen and is discharged from the outlet.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] 1) In this invention, when agricultural waste is crushed by the crushing mechanism, opening the solenoid valve in the first air inlet pipe allows the hot air supplied by the heating and air supply mechanism to enter the distribution pipe and then be sprayed out from the air supply nozzle, which initially dries the crushed agricultural waste. At the same time, opening the solenoid valve in the second air inlet pipe allows the hot air supplied by the heating and air supply mechanism to enter the jetting mechanism. The hot air sprayed out by the jetting mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen upward and contacts the crushing mechanism again, realizing secondary crushing and secondary drying of agricultural waste, preventing filter screen clogging, improving the quality of agricultural waste treatment, facilitating subsequent reuse of agricultural waste, saving energy and protecting the environment, and effectively preventing the crushing blades from rusting and reducing energy consumption.

[0033] 2) After agricultural waste is crushed, the outer wall of the crushing blade can be ground by a grinding mechanism to ensure the crushing quality of agricultural waste and reduce the labor intensity and cost of subsequent maintenance.

[0034] 3) This invention uses an independent rotating device for crushing, air supply and grinding, eliminating the need for multiple additional drive devices, thus saving energy consumption and reducing operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the processing device structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Structural sectional view;

[0037] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of structure A in the image;

[0038] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of structure B in the diagram;

[0039] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the C structure in the image;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding mechanism in this invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding mechanism in this invention from another perspective.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drive fixing mechanism in this invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Feed inlet; 3. Assembly shell; 4. Rotating device; 5. Hollow rotating shaft; 6. Air intake seat; 7. Transmission gear set one; 8. Transmission gear set two; 9. Air inlet pipe one; 10. Diverter pipe; 11. Air supply nozzle; 12. Heating element; 13. Guide plate; 14. Transmission shaft; 15. Valve core; 16. Sealing cylinder; 17. Vent; 18. Air jet element; 19. Vent element; 20. Air inlet pipe two; 1. Intake seat; 22. Movable block; 23. Piston; 24. Electromagnetic ring; 25. Detection sensor; 26. Intake pipe three; 27. Drive block; 28. Movable rod; 29. ​​Rolling element; 30. Spring element; 31. Crushing blade; 32. Movable seat; 33. Arc-shaped protrusion one; 34. Notch; 35. Drive rod; 36. Intake pipe; 37. Guide seat; 38. Filter screen; 39. Baffle; 40. Arc-shaped protrusion two. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Please see Figures 1-3 An energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device is provided. The agricultural waste, such as straw, is used in the device. The device includes a shell 1 with a feed inlet 2 at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom. A rotating shaft mechanism is rotatably provided inside the shell 1. A crushing mechanism is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism for crushing the agricultural waste. A filter screen 38 is movably provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the crushing mechanism to filter the crushed agricultural waste so that the agricultural waste can be reused.

[0046] The filter screen 38 is fixed inside the outer casing 1. The outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the filter screen 38 are connected in a ring array with several sets of jet mechanisms that output air towards the filter screen 38. The top of the outer casing 1 is provided with an assembly shell 3, which is movably sleeved on the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism. The assembly shell 3 is provided with a heating gas supply mechanism for supplying hot air. The assembly shell 3 is provided with a rotating device 4 that drives the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and supplies air to the heating gas supply mechanism. The rotating device 4 is, for example, a motor. The air supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism is connected to the diversion pipe 10 through the first air inlet pipe 9. The diversion pipe 10 is ring-shaped and located on the inner wall of the top of the outer casing 1. The bottom of the diversion pipe 10 is provided with several sets of connected air supply nozzles 11. The air supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe 20 to allow hot air to enter the jet mechanism.

[0047] It should be noted that both the first air inlet pipe 9 and the second air inlet pipe 20 are equipped with solenoid valves. When agricultural waste is crushed by the crushing mechanism, opening the solenoid valve in the first air inlet pipe 9 allows the hot air supplied by the heating and air supply mechanism to enter the diversion pipe 10 and then be sprayed out from the air supply nozzle 11, which pre-dries the crushed agricultural waste to prevent the crushing mechanism from rusting and to facilitate the subsequent reuse of agricultural waste. The crushed agricultural waste is filtered through the filter screen 38 and discharged from the discharge port. Opening the solenoid valve in the second air inlet pipe 20 allows the hot air supplied by the heating and air supply mechanism to enter the rotating shaft mechanism and then the jet mechanism. The hot air sprayed out by the jet mechanism blows the agricultural waste on the filter screen 38 upward to contact the crushing mechanism again, realizing secondary crushing and secondary drying, while avoiding clogging of the filter screen 38.

[0048] Preferably, a vibrator can be provided on the filter screen 38 in this embodiment to drive the filter screen 38 to vibrate, so that the agricultural waste on the filter screen 38 can pass through the filter screen 38 better.

[0049] Please see Figure 4 Preferably, the rotating shaft mechanism in this embodiment includes:

[0050] The hollow rotating shaft 5 has a venting component 19 rotatably sleeved at its lower end, which is connected to the air inlet pipe 20. The lower end of the hollow rotating shaft 5 is hollow, and the venting component 19 is fixed to the bottom wall of the outer shell 1. The venting component 19 is a cylinder with a hollow top. The hollow rotating shaft 5 and the venting component 19 are rotatably connected by a bearing. Hot air enters the venting component 19 and then enters the hollow rotating shaft 5.

[0051] The drive shaft 14 is movably disposed within the hollow rotating shaft 5, and the top end of the drive shaft 14 extends into the drive fixing mechanism. The drive fixing mechanism is disposed within the assembly housing 3 and is connected to the gas supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism through the air inlet pipe 26. The drive fixing mechanism is driven by the incoming hot gas to move the drive shaft 14 downward and fix the drive shaft 14. When the drive shaft 14 is not fixed, the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates and simultaneously drives the drive shaft 14 to rotate. When the drive shaft 14 is fixed, the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates relative to the drive shaft 14.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the hollow rotating shaft 5 can stably drive the transmission shaft 14 to rotate when the transmission shaft 14 is not fixed, a magnetic component can be provided at the connection between the hollow rotating shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 14. The magnetic component is, for example, two magnetic rings that attract each other. Of course, it is not limited to these structures, and it can also be a snap-fit ​​structure, which will not be described in detail here.

[0053] as well as,

[0054] The valve core 15 is rotatably mounted at the bottom end of the transmission shaft 14. The top end of the valve core 15 is attached to the valve seat, which has an opening with a diameter smaller than that of the valve core 15. The diameter of the valve core 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow rotating shaft 5. The valve seat is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft 5. The bottom of the valve core 15 is provided with a sealing cylinder 16, which is located above the jet mechanism. The bottom of the sealing cylinder 16 has several sets of vents 17. When the transmission shaft 14 moves downward, the valve core 15 separates from the valve seat, and the sealing cylinder 16 seals the air inlet of the jet mechanism, preventing hot air from entering the jet mechanism.

[0055] Before the hot air enters the drive fixing mechanism, the valve core 15 and the valve seat cooperate to allow the hot air entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 to enter the jet mechanism; after the hot air enters the drive fixing mechanism, the hollow rotating shaft 5 moves downward to separate the valve seat and the valve core 15, and at the same time the sealing cylinder 16 moves downward to seal the air inlet of the jet mechanism. At this time, the hot air entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 flows to the top of the hollow rotating shaft 5 through the vent 17, the valve core 15 and the valve seat.

[0056] It should be noted that the intake manifold 326 also contains a solenoid valve.

[0057] Please see Figures 5-7 Preferably, the pulverizing mechanism in this embodiment includes:

[0058] Two sets of crushing blades, known as Crusher Set 1 and Crusher Set 2, are respectively located on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5, between the air supply nozzle 11 and the filter screen 38. A guide plate 13 is provided inside the outer shell 1 between Crusher Set 1 and Crusher Set 2. The guide plate 13 is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5 and has a discharge port at its bottom. The guide plate 13 guides the agricultural waste crushed by Crusher Set 1 to Crusher Set 2, where it is further crushed. Both Crusher Set 1 and Crusher Set 2 include several sets of crushing blades 31 located on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5. The number of crushing blades 31 in Crusher Set 2 is 1-3 times the number of crushing blades 31 in Crusher Set 1. Crusher Set 1 performs preliminary crushing of the incoming agricultural waste, while Crusher Set 2 performs fine crushing.

[0059] A grinding mechanism is located on the outer wall of the crushing blade 31 and is used to grind the outer wall of the crushing blade 31. The grinding mechanism is connected to the drive shaft 14. Both sides of the crushing blade 31 are blades. After the crushing work is completed, the outer wall of the crushing blade 31 can be ground by the grinding mechanism to prevent the crushing blade 31 from rusting and to improve the crushing quality of agricultural waste in the subsequent crushing by the crushing blade 31.

[0060] Preferably, the polishing mechanism in this embodiment includes:

[0061] Movable seats 32 are respectively set at both ends of the outer wall of the crushing blade 31. Initially, the outer ends of the movable seats 32 do not extend beyond the blade of the crushing blade 31 to prevent the movable seats 32 from affecting the crushing of agricultural waste by the crushing blade 31. Both sets of movable seats 32 are provided with a polishing layer for polishing the outer wall of the blade of the crushing blade 31. The outer wall of the opposite side of the two sets of movable seats 32 is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion 33. The side of the two sets of movable seats 32 facing the hollow rotating shaft 5 is slidably connected to the guide seat 37. The guide seat 37 is fixed to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5. The two sets of guide seats 37 are in a V-shape to facilitate the movement of the two sets of movable seats. The seats 32 move relative to each other, rubbing the outer wall of the grinding blade 31 through the grinding layer. A drive rod 35, shaped like a cross, is provided between the two sets of movable seats 32 to engage with an arc-shaped protrusion. Ball bearings are embedded in the drive rod 35 facing the outer wall of the movable seat 32. One end of the drive rod 35 movably passes through the hollow rotating shaft 5 and is connected to the movable rod 28 via a bracket. The bracket and the inner wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5 are connected by a spring 30, such as a spring. A rolling element 29, which is a roller, is provided at the end of the movable rod 28 away from the bracket. The guide seat 37 contains an elastic element that drives the movable seat 32 to return to its original position.

[0062] The drive block 27 has an elliptical disk-shaped structure with a sliding groove around its edge for the rolling element 29 to be embedded in. The vertical cross-section of the sliding groove is T-shaped, so that the rolling element 29 will not detach from the drive block 27. The inner wall of the drive block 27 has a groove, and the outer wall of the transmission shaft 14 has a protrusion that matches the groove. This does not affect the movement of the transmission shaft 14 relative to the drive block 27, but also allows the drive block 27 to be fixed by the protrusion and groove after the transmission shaft 14 is fixed. Thus, when the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates, it can drive the crushing blade 31, which in turn causes the movable rod 28 to drive the rolling element 29 to slide in the sliding groove.

[0063] When the drive shaft 14 is fixed, the hollow rotating shaft 5 rotates and drives the crushing blade 31. In turn, the movable rod 28 causes the rolling element 29 to slide around the sliding groove on the drive block 27. Then, the drive rod 35 reciprocates and moves in conjunction with the arc-shaped protrusion and the elastic element to drive the two sets of movable seats 32 to move closer or further apart. When the movable seats 32 move, the outer wall of the crushing blade 31 is polished by the grinding layer.

[0064] Preferably, the movable seat 32 in this embodiment is provided with a cavity, and the movable seat 32 is provided with a notch 34 on the side facing the crushing blade 31. The inner wall of one side of the notch 34 is provided with a number of air outlets that communicate with the cavity and face the grinding layer. The cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft 5 through the air inlet pipe 36.

[0065] When the drive shaft 14 is fixed, the heating element 12 is turned off, and the gas entering the hollow rotating shaft 5 flows upward. Then, the gas enters the cavity of the movable seat 32 through the air inlet pipe 36 and flows out from the air outlet. The outflowing gas blows towards the grinding layer, which can remove the waste generated by grinding and also heats up the crushing blade 31, extending the service life of the crushing blade 31.

[0066] Preferably, the drive fixing mechanism in this embodiment includes an air inlet seat 21 fixed to the inner wall of the assembly housing 3. The air inlet seat 21 is connected to the air inlet pipe 26. A piston 23 is slidably disposed inside the air inlet seat 21. After hot air enters the air inlet seat 21, it drives the piston 23 to move downward. A movable block 22 is rotatably disposed inside the piston 23 via a bearing. When the transmission shaft 14 is not fixed, the movable block 22 can rotate with the transmission shaft 14 relative to the piston 23. The piston 23 is connected to the inner wall of one side of the air inlet seat 21 via an elastic element. When the gas in the air inlet seat 21 is discharged, the elastic element drives the piston 23 to return to its original position upward, thereby driving the transmission shaft 14 to rotate relative to the piston 23. The drive shaft 14 is reset. An exhaust pipe with a valve can be installed on the intake pipe 26. The bottom wall of the intake seat 21 is provided with an electromagnetic ring 24 and a detection sensor 25. The detection sensor 25 is, for example, a pressure sensor, the model of which will not be described in detail here. The detection end of the detection sensor 25 is flush with the top of the electromagnetic ring 24. The electromagnetic ring 24 is movably sleeved on the outside of the drive shaft 14. Both the detection sensor 25 and the electromagnetic ring 24 are connected to the controller. The outer wall of the movable block 22 is provided with a magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring 24. When the magnetic block contacts the electromagnetic ring 24, the movable block 22 contacts the detection end of the detection sensor 25.

[0067] After hot air enters the intake seat 21, it drives the piston 23 to move downward. When the movable block 22 contacts the detection sensor 25, the controller controls the electromagnetic ring 24 to attract the magnetic block and fix the drive shaft 14.

[0068] Preferably, the jet mechanism of this embodiment includes:

[0069] Several sets of jet components 18, each a rectangular pipe with a closed outer end, are arranged in a ring array on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5. The air inlet of each jet component 18 is connected to the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft 5. Each jet component 18 has several sets of jet nozzles. A baffle 39 is slidably mounted above each jet component 18. One end of the baffle 39 is connected to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5 via an elastic telescopic member, such as an elastic telescopic rod or a spring. The other end of the baffle 39 is fitted with ball bearings. The baffle 39 has several sets of openings offset from the jet nozzles.

[0070] Several sets of arc-shaped protrusions 40 are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the outer shell 1. When the arc-shaped protrusions 40 come into contact with the baffle 39, the baffle 39 moves toward the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft 5, so that the opening corresponds to the jet nozzle one by one.

[0071] The jetting component 18 rotates with the hollow rotating shaft 5, causing the baffle 39 to intermittently contact the arc-shaped protrusion 40 through the ball bearings. This causes the baffle 39 to move and compress the elastic telescopic component, aligning the opening with the jet nozzle. At this time, the jet nozzle can spray upward hot air. When the baffle 39 is not in contact with the arc-shaped protrusion 40, the baffle 39 resets under the action of the elastic telescopic component, and the opening and jet nozzle are misaligned. At this time, no air is sprayed from the jet nozzle, and the agricultural waste passing through the filter screen 38 downward can be discharged from the outlet.

[0072] Preferably, the heating gas supply mechanism in this embodiment includes:

[0073] The air intake seat 6 is fixedly inserted into the assembly shell 3. It has a heating element 12 inside, such as a heating mesh or heating wire. An impeller is provided in the air intake seat 6 below the heating element 12. The shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly shell 3 and is connected to the output end of the rotating device 4 through a transmission gear set 7. When the rotating device 4 rotates, it also drives the impeller through the transmission gear set 7. The impeller causes the outside air to enter the air intake seat 6 and then enter the air inlet pipe 9, the air inlet pipe 20, or the air inlet pipe 3 26. The air can be heated by turning on the heating element 12. In practice, a filter screen 38 can be installed above the heating element 12 in the air intake seat 6 to filter the air entering.

[0074] The lower end of the inlet is provided with an air supply port that communicates with air inlet pipe 1 9, air inlet pipe 20, and air inlet pipe 3 26; and,

[0075] The second transmission gear set 8 is used to drive the output end of the rotating device 4 and the hollow rotating shaft 5. Both the second transmission gear set 8 and the second transmission gear set 8 are two sets of meshing gears.

[0076] An energy-saving and environmentally friendly method for utilizing and treating agricultural waste, using the aforementioned treatment device, includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Agricultural waste to be processed enters the outer shell 1 through the feed inlet 2, and the rotating shaft mechanism is driven to rotate by the rotating device 4, and hot air is supplied by the heating and gas supply mechanism.

[0078] S2: The rotating shaft mechanism drives the crushing mechanism to crush agricultural waste. Hot air enters the diversion pipe 10 through the air inlet pipe 9, and then sprays downward from the air supply nozzle 11 to dry the crushed agricultural waste. After crushing, the agricultural waste falls onto the filter screen 38. The qualified crushed agricultural waste passes through the filter screen 38 and is discharged through the discharge port.

[0079] S3: The hot air supplied by the heating and gas supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the air inlet pipe 20, and then is ejected from the jet mechanism, causing the agricultural waste on the filter screen 38 to come into contact with the crushing mechanism again for secondary crushing and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter screen 38 and is discharged from the outlet.

[0080] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste utilization and treatment device, comprising a shell (1) with an inlet (2) and an outlet, characterized in that: The outer casing (1) is equipped with a rotating shaft mechanism, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism is equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing agricultural waste. A filter screen (38) is movably mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the crushing mechanism. The filter screen (38) is fixed inside the outer casing (1). Several sets of air jet mechanisms with air outlets facing the filter screen (38) are connected in a circular array on the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism and below the filter screen (38). A mounting shell (3) is provided on the top of the outer casing (1), and the mounting shell (3) is movably fitted onto the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating shaft mechanism. The assembly shell (3) is provided with a heating gas supply mechanism for supplying hot gas. The assembly shell (3) is provided with a rotating device (4) for driving the rotating shaft mechanism to rotate and supplying gas to the heating gas supply mechanism. The gas supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism is connected to the diversion pipe (10) through the first air inlet pipe (9). The diversion pipe (10) is located on the inner wall of the top of the outer shell (1), and the bottom of the diversion pipe (10) is provided with several sets of connected gas supply nozzles (11). The gas supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe (20) for allowing hot gas to enter the jet mechanism. The rotating shaft mechanism includes: a hollow rotating shaft (5), the lower end of which is rotatably fitted with a venting component (19) that communicates with the second air inlet pipe (20), the venting component (19) being fixed to the bottom wall of the outer shell (1); a transmission shaft (14), which is movably disposed inside the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the top end of the transmission shaft (14) extends into the drive fixing mechanism, the drive fixing mechanism being disposed inside the assembly shell (3) and communicating with the gas supply end of the heating gas supply mechanism through the third air inlet pipe (26), the drive fixing mechanism being driven by the incoming hot gas to move the transmission shaft (14) downward and fix the transmission shaft (14); The crushing mechanism includes: a crushing blade assembly one and a crushing blade assembly two, which are respectively disposed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) and located between the air supply nozzle (11) and the filter screen (38). Both the crushing blade assembly one and the crushing blade assembly two include several sets of crushing blades (31) disposed on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5); and a grinding mechanism disposed on the outer wall of the crushing blades (31) for grinding the outer wall of the blades of the crushing blades (31). The grinding mechanism is connected to the transmission shaft (14). The grinding mechanism includes: movable seats (32) respectively disposed at both ends of the outer wall of the crushing blade (31), each of the two sets of movable seats (32) being provided with a grinding layer for grinding the outer wall of the crushing blade (31), each of the two sets of movable seats (32) being provided with an arc-shaped protrusion (33) on the opposite side of the outer wall, the two sets of movable seats (32) being slidably connected to a guide seat (37) on the side facing the hollow rotating shaft (5), the guide seat (37) being fixed to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5), a drive rod (35) being provided between the two sets of movable seats (32) for cooperating with the arc-shaped protrusion (33), one end of the drive rod (35) being movably inserted through the hollow rotating shaft (5) and connected to a movable rod (28) through a bracket, the bracket being connected to the inner wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) through a spring (30), the movable rod (28) being away from the bracket. The end is provided with a rolling element (29), and the guide seat (37) is provided with an elastic element that drives the movable seat (32) to reset; and the drive block (27) is an elliptical disk structure with a sliding groove around its edge for the rolling element (29) to be embedded in. The inner wall of the drive block (27) is provided with a groove, and the outer wall of the drive shaft (14) is provided with a protrusion that matches the groove. When the drive shaft (14) is fixed, the hollow rotating shaft (5) rotates to drive the crushing blade (31), and then the movable rod (28) causes the rolling element (29) to slide around the sliding groove on the drive block (27), and then the drive rod (35) reciprocates to cooperate with the arc-shaped protrusion (33) and the elastic element to drive the two sets of movable seats (32) to move closer to each other or further away from each other. When the movable seat (32) moves, the outer wall of the crushing blade (31) is polished by the grinding layer.

2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft mechanism includes: The valve core (15) is rotatably located at the bottom end of the transmission shaft (14). The top end of the valve core (15) is fitted with a valve seat, which is fixed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft (5). The bottom of the valve core (15) is provided with a sealing cylinder (16), which is located above the jet mechanism. The bottom of the sealing cylinder (16) is provided with several sets of air vents (17). When the transmission shaft (14) moves downward, the valve core (15) separates from the valve seat and causes the sealing cylinder (16) to seal the air inlet of the jet mechanism.

3. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the outer shell (1) between the first and second crusher groups is provided with a guide plate (13). The guide plate (13) is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) and has a discharge port at its bottom. The number of crushing blades (31) in the second crusher group is 1-3 times the number of crushing blades (31) in the first crusher group.

4. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable seat (32) has a cavity inside. The movable seat (32) has a notch (34) on the side facing the crushing blade (31). The inner wall of one side of the notch (34) has several sets of air outlets that communicate with the cavity and face the grinding layer. The cavity is connected to the hollow rotating shaft (5) through the air inlet pipe (36).

5. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive fixing mechanism includes an air intake seat (21) fixed to the inner wall of the assembly shell (3). The air intake seat (21) is connected to the air intake pipe (26). A piston (23) is slidably provided in the air intake seat (21). A movable block (22) is rotatably provided in the piston (23). The piston (23) is connected to the inner wall of one side of the air intake seat (21) through an elastic element. An electromagnetic ring (24) and a detection sensor (25) are provided on the bottom wall of the air intake seat (21). The detection sensor (25) and the electromagnetic ring (24) are both connected to a controller. A magnetic block corresponding to the electromagnetic ring (24) is provided on the outer wall of the movable block (22). After hot air enters the intake seat (21), it drives the piston (23) to move downward. When the movable block (22) contacts the detection sensor (25), the controller controls the electromagnetic ring (24) to attract the magnetic block and fix the drive shaft (14).

6. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The jet mechanism includes: Several sets of jet components (18) are arranged in a ring array on the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5), and the air inlet of the jet component (18) is connected to the inner cavity of the hollow rotating shaft (5). Several sets of jet nozzles are provided on the jet component (18). A baffle (39) is slidably provided above the jet component (18). One end of the baffle (39) is connected to the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) through an elastic telescopic member. A ball is embedded in the other end of the baffle (39). Several sets of openings offset from the jet nozzles are opened on the baffle (39); and, Several sets of arc-shaped protrusions (40) are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the outer shell (1). When the arc-shaped protrusions (40) contact the baffle (39), the baffle (39) moves toward the outer wall of the hollow rotating shaft (5) so that the opening corresponds to the jet nozzle.

7. The processing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating gas supply mechanism includes: An air intake seat (6) is fixedly inserted into the assembly shell (3). A heating element (12) is provided inside the air intake seat (6) below the heating element (12). An impeller is provided inside the air intake seat (6). The shaft of the impeller extends into the assembly shell (3) and is connected to the output end of the rotating device (4) via a transmission gear set (7). The lower end of the air intake seat (6) is provided with an air supply port communicating with air inlet pipe one (9), air inlet pipe two (20), and air inlet pipe three (26). The transmission gear set 2 (8) is used to drive the output end of the rotating device (4) and the hollow rotating shaft (5).

8. A method for the utilization and treatment of energy-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural waste, utilizing the treatment device as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: The agricultural waste to be processed enters the outer shell (1) through the feed inlet (2), and the rotating shaft mechanism is driven to rotate by the rotating device (4), and the heating gas supply mechanism supplies hot air; S2: The rotating shaft mechanism drives the crushing mechanism to crush agricultural waste. Hot air enters the diversion pipe (10) through the air inlet pipe (9) and then sprays downward from the air supply nozzle (11) to dry the crushed agricultural waste. After crushing, the agricultural waste falls onto the filter screen (38). The crushed agricultural waste passes through the filter screen (38) and is discharged through the discharge port. S3: The hot air supplied by the heating gas supply mechanism also enters the rotating shaft mechanism through the second air inlet pipe (20), and then is ejected from the jet mechanism so that the agricultural waste on the filter screen (38) comes into contact with the crushing mechanism again for secondary crushing and secondary drying, until the agricultural waste passes through the filter screen (38) and is discharged from the outlet.

Images