Ploughing layer construction method and device for achieving rapid reduction of sticking stiffness of lime concretion black soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting machinery, in particular to a plough layer construction method and device for achieving quick reduction of sticking stiffness of shajiang black soil, and the plough layer construction device comprises traction equipment, a frame plate, walking wheels, a plough layer control mechanism, a fertilizer distribution mechanism, a plough layer treatment mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism. The ploughing depth is adjusted by controlling the plough share, the ploughed soil is subjected to crushing, filtering and re-backfilling treatment, and meanwhile, in the backfilling process, a modifier is used cooperatively, so that the shajiang blocks in the shajiang black soil are effectively removed, the particle size of the original shajiang black soil is changed from the physical structure, the permeability of the shajiang black soil is improved, and the yield of the shajiang black soil is increased. The soil fertility is improved, and the crop growth requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting machinery, and in particular to a method and device for constructing a tillage layer for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy ginger black soil. Background Art

[0002] Shajiang black soil is a soil with special properties. It has a high clay content and is rich in expansive clay minerals, which causes the soil to expand and stick when wet, and crack and become rigid when dry. It exhibits the "four highs" characteristics of high soil capacity, high soil strength, high shrinkage and expansion, and high shajiang content. These characteristics seriously affect the permeability and air permeability of the soil, which in turn has an adverse effect on the growth of crops. Therefore, improving Shajiang black soil and improving the quality of arable land are of great significance to my country's food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] At present, most of the existing sand ginger black soil improvement devices lack sand cleaning structures, resulting in some sand ginger blocks still remaining in the soil layer after plowing. The presence of sand ginger usually causes the nearby soil to stick and easily form cracks, and the sand ginger black soil after plowing has a poor structure and poor permeability, which is not conducive to crop growth. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for constructing a tillage layer that can quickly reduce the stickiness and stiffness of sand ginger black soil. By designing a sand ginger black soil tillage device with a filtering structure, the tillage depth is adjusted by controlling the plowshare, and the tilled soil is crushed, filtered and backfilled again. At the same time, the use of an improver in the backfilling process not only effectively removes the sand ginger blocks in the sand ginger black soil, but also changes the original particle size of the sand ginger black soil in terms of physical structure, thereby improving its permeability and soil fertility to meet the growth needs of crops.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a thick and fertile tillage layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sand ginger black soil, including a traction device, a frame plate is detachably installed at the rear of the traction device, walking wheels are rotatably installed at the lower ends of both sides of the frame plate, a tillage layer control mechanism is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the frame plate, a fertilizer spreading mechanism is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the frame plate, the lower end of the fertilizer spreading mechanism extends to a position below the frame plate and close to the ground, a tillage layer processing mechanism is arranged on the side of the tillage layer control mechanism, the upper end of the tillage layer processing mechanism is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rear end of the frame plate, and an auxiliary mechanism is fixedly installed on the lower end of the tillage layer processing mechanism.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the plowing layer control mechanism includes an outer cylinder, which is linearly arranged in the middle of the lower end surface of the frame plate, and a plowshare is slidably installed inside the outer cylinder through a telescopic spring. An adjustment plate is fixedly installed between two adjacent plowshares, and an electric push rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the adjustment plate, and the upper end of the electric push rod is fixedly set on the frame plate.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the fertilizer distribution mechanism includes support rods, and a fertilizer box is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the frame plate through symmetrically arranged support rods. Fertilizer drop pipes are evenly installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box, and the lower end of the fertilizer drop pipes extends to below the tillage layer processing mechanism.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the number of the fertilizer drop pipes corresponds to the number of the plowshares and the fertilizer drop pipes are located at the tail side of the plowshare.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the plow layer processing mechanism includes a soil scooping device, which is arranged on the side of the plowshare. The part of the soil scooping device away from the plowshare is in the shape of an arc-shaped groove, and the part of the soil scooping device close to the plowshare is in the shape of a flat plate. Baffles are symmetrically arranged at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device and located on both sides of the plowshare. A bulldozer is tiltedly installed on the side of the baffle and located at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device through a torsion spring.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the plow layer processing mechanism also includes a bulldozer unit, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the end of the soil scoop, the bulldozer unit abuts against the side wall of the bulldozer plate, the bulldozer unit and the soil-throwing unit are cooperatively connected, a soil-throwing unit is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the soil scoop, a soil filter is fixedly installed on the side of the soil scoop away from the bulldozer unit, the upper end of the soil filter is fixedly connected to the frame plate through a symmetrically arranged "L"-shaped connecting rod, a knocking unit is rotatably arranged inside the soil filter, and the knocking unit and the soil-throwing unit are cooperatively connected.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bulldozer unit includes a lining plate, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the end of the soil scoop, and a limiting slide groove is provided on the lining plate. A sliding rod is slidingly arranged in the limiting slide groove, and a transmission rod is rotatably arranged at the end of the sliding rod. A bulldozer rod is fixedly connected to the position of the sliding rod corresponding to the bulldozer plate, and the bulldozer rod and the bulldozer plate are abutted against each other.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the soil-raising unit includes a central axis, a central axis is rotatably arranged in an arc-shaped groove of a soil scooping device, telescopic rods are evenly arranged on the central axis, a bucket is fixedly installed on the end of the telescopic rod away from the central axis, a driven pulley is fixedly connected to the end of the central axis, a transmission belt is wound around the driven pulley, and the side wall of the driven pulley is connected to the end of the transmission rod away from the sliding rod through a pin shaft near the outer edge.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a reset rod is fixedly provided at the upper end of the arc-shaped groove of the soil scoop and close to the soil filter.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an arc filter is arranged inside the soil filter, and a soil drop pipe is installed at the bottom of the soil filter corresponding to the position of the plowshare, and the arc filter and the upper end of the soil drop pipe form a space for the crushed soil to fall.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the beating unit includes a driving shaft, a driving shaft is rotatably arranged inside the soil filter, beating rods are evenly installed on the driving shaft, a driving pulley is fixedly installed near the end of the driving shaft, the driving pulley is connected to the driven pulley through a transmission belt, one end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected to a stepper motor, and the stepper motor is installed on the side wall of the soil filter through a machine base.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the auxiliary mechanism includes a support frame, the lower ends of the soil scoop and the soil filter are fixedly mounted with the support frame, and auxiliary wheels are rotatably arranged on the support frame.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a method for constructing a tillage layer to achieve rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil is provided, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1: Deep plowing is performed on the sticky and rigid sandy black soil to break up the soil compaction and increase the soil looseness. The deep plowing depth should be at least 20 cm. S2: applying organic fertilizer to the soil after deep plowing, wherein the organic fertilizer includes returning organic fertilizer / straw to the field to increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil aggregate structure; S3: Develop and implement scientific fertilization plans based on the nutrient status of the sandy black soil and crop requirements; S4: Intelligent soil moisture monitoring and precise water control technology are used to irrigate and drain according to soil moisture conditions and crop needs to maintain soil moisture content and aeration.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] 1. By setting up a tillage layer control mechanism to control the tillage depth, the compacted soil characteristics are effectively broken, the soil looseness is increased, and the use of a fertilizer distribution mechanism improves the fertility of the original sandy ginger black soil and meets the growth needs of crops;

[0020] 2. In the tillage layer processing mechanism, the baffle, bulldozer and bulldozer unit can cooperate with each other, so as to timely move the plowed soil into the soil bag, and then with the cooperation of the soil lifting unit, the soil blocks can be continuously lifted into the soil filter. Finally, with the cooperation of the beating unit, the soil blocks are broken into smaller particles and backfilled again. It not only effectively removes the sand ginger blocks in the sand ginger black soil, but also changes the original particle size of the sand ginger black soil from the physical structure, improves the soil aggregate structure, improves its permeability, and promotes the sustainability of sand ginger black soil cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after removing the traction equipment;

[0024] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure from another perspective;

[0026] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 4 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle;

[0027] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional three-dimensional structure;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tillage layer processing mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention Figure 7 The enlarged structural diagram at C in the middle;

[0030] Fig. 9 The present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point D in the middle.

[0031] In the figure:

[0032] 1. Traction equipment; 2. Frame; 3. Traveling wheels;

[0033] 4. Plough layer control mechanism; 41. outer cylinder; 42. telescopic spring; 43. plowshare; 44. electric push rod; 45. adjustment plate;

[0034] 5. Fertilizer distribution mechanism; 51. Support rod; 52. Fertilizer box; 53. Fertilizer drop pipe;

[0035] 6. Plough layer processing mechanism; 61. Soil scooping device; 611. Reset rod; 62. Baffle; 63. Bulldozer;

[0036] 64, bulldozer unit; 641, liner; 642, limit slide; 643, slide bar; 644, bulldozer rod; 645, transmission rod;

[0037] 65, earth-throwing unit; 651, central axis; 652, telescopic rod; 653, bucket; 654, driven pulley; 655, transmission belt;

[0038] 66, soil filter; 661, curved filter; 662, soil drop pipe;

[0039] 67. Beating unit; 671. Driving shaft; 672. Beating rod; 673. Driving pulley; 674. Stepping motor;

[0040] 68. "L" shaped connecting rod;

[0041] 7. Auxiliary mechanism; 71. Support frame; 72. Auxiliary wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 , a thick and fertile tillage layer construction device for quickly reducing the stickiness and stiffness of sand ginger black soil, includes a traction device 1, a frame plate 2 is detachably installed at the tail of the traction device 1, walking wheels 3 are rotatably installed at the lower ends of both sides of the frame plate 2, a tillage layer control mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the frame plate 2, a fertilizer spreading mechanism 5 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the frame plate 2, and the lower end of the fertilizer spreading mechanism 5 extends to a position below the frame plate 2 and close to the ground.

[0045] The tillage layer control mechanism 4 includes an outer cylinder 41, which is linearly arranged in the middle of the lower end surface of the frame plate 2, and a plowshare 43 is slidably installed inside the outer cylinder 41 through a telescopic spring 42. An adjustment plate 45 is fixedly installed between two adjacent plowshares 43, and an electric push rod 44 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the adjustment plate 45, and the upper end of the electric push rod 44 is fixedly set on the frame plate 2.

[0046] The fertilizer distribution mechanism 5 includes a support rod 51, and a fertilizer box 52 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the frame plate 2 through the symmetrically arranged support rod 51. Fertilizer drop pipes 53 are evenly installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box 52, and the lower end of the fertilizer drop pipe 53 extends to below the tillage layer processing mechanism 6.

[0047] The number of the fertilizer drop pipes 53 corresponds to the number of the plowshares 43 and the fertilizer drop pipes 53 are located at the tail side of the plowshares 43 .

[0048] During the specific operation, the end of the frame plate 2 is first fixedly connected to the traction device 1 manually, and the traction device 1 is started. The frame plate 2 and the walking wheel 3 are driven to move along the direction of the cultivated land by the traction device 1. At the same time, the electric push rod 44 is started, and the adjustment plate 45 is driven downward by the electric push rod 44 to control the plowing depth of the plowshare 43, and the improver is added to the fertilizer box 52. After the plowshare 43 plows, a gully will be formed, and the improver in the fertilizer box 52 will fall into the gully through the fertilizer drop pipe 53, so as to improve the sand ginger black soil after plowing, and then quickly reduce its sticky and rigid structural characteristics.

[0049] Embodiment 2:

[0050] The technical solution is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, see Figures 1 to 9 The difference is that: the side of the tillage layer control mechanism 4 is provided with a tillage layer processing mechanism 6, the upper end of the tillage layer processing mechanism 6 is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the frame plate 2, and the lower end of the tillage layer processing mechanism 6 is fixedly installed with an auxiliary mechanism 7.

[0051] The plow layer processing mechanism 6 includes a soil scooping device 61, which is arranged on the side of the plowshare 43. The part of the soil scooping device 61 away from the plowshare 43 is in the shape of an arc-shaped groove, and the part of the soil scooping device 61 close to the plowshare 43 is in the shape of a flat plate. Baffles 62 are symmetrically arranged at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device 61 and located on both sides of the plowshare 43. A bulldozer 63 is installed on the side of the baffle 62 and located at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device 61 through a torsion spring.

[0052] The tillage layer processing mechanism 6 also includes a bulldozer unit 64, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the end of the soil scoop 61, the bulldozer unit 64 abuts against the side wall of the bulldozer plate 63, the bulldozer unit 64 and the soil-throwing unit 65 are cooperatively connected, and the soil-throwing unit 65 is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the soil scoop 61, and a soil filter 66 is fixedly installed on the side of the soil scoop 61 away from the bulldozer unit 64. The upper end of the soil filter 66 is fixedly connected to the frame plate 2 through a symmetrically arranged "L"-shaped connecting rod 68, and a knocking unit 67 is rotatably arranged inside the soil filter 66, and the knocking unit 67 and the soil-throwing unit 65 are cooperatively connected.

[0053] The bulldozer unit 64 includes a lining plate 641, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the end of the soil scoop 61. A limiting slide groove 642 is provided on the lining plate 641. A slide rod 643 is slidably arranged in the limiting slide groove 642. A transmission rod 645 is rotatably arranged at the end of the slide rod 643. A bulldozer rod 644 is fixedly connected to the position of the slide rod 643 corresponding to the bulldozer plate 63, and the bulldozer rod 644 and the bulldozer plate 63 are abutted against each other.

[0054] The soil-raising unit 65 includes a central axis 651, which is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the soil-scooping device 61, and telescopic rods 652 are evenly arranged on the central axis 651. A bucket 653 is fixedly installed on the end of the telescopic rod 652 away from the central axis 651. A driven pulley 654 is fixedly connected to the end of the central axis 651, and a transmission belt 655 is wound around the driven pulley 654. The side wall of the driven pulley 654 is connected to the end away from the sliding rod 643 through a pin shaft and a transmission rod 645 near the outer edge.

[0055] A reset rod 611 is fixedly provided at the upper end of the arc-shaped groove of the soil scooping device 61 and close to the soil filter 66 .

[0056] The soil filter 66 is provided with an arc filter screen 661 inside, and a soil drop pipe 662 is installed at the bottom of the soil filter 66 corresponding to the position of the plowshare 43. The arc filter screen 661 and the upper end of the soil drop pipe 662 form a space for the crushed soil to fall.

[0057] The knocking unit 67 includes a driving shaft 671, which is rotatably arranged inside the soil filter 66, and on which knocking rods 672 are evenly installed. A driving pulley 673 is fixedly installed near the end of the driving shaft 671, and the driving pulley 673 is connected to the driven pulley 654 through a transmission belt 655. One end of the driving shaft 671 is fixedly connected to a stepper motor 674, and the stepper motor 674 is installed on the side wall of the soil filter 66 through a machine base.

[0058] The auxiliary mechanism 7 comprises a support frame 71 , the lower ends of the soil scoop 61 and the soil filter 66 are fixedly mounted with the support frame 71 , and an auxiliary wheel 72 is rotatably provided on the support frame 71 .

[0059] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions are Figure 7 Directions shown shall prevail.

[0060] During specific operation, after the plowshare 43 plows, the plowed soil will accumulate on both sides of the gully. At this time, the baffle 62 can separate the soil and the gully to avoid backfilling. At the same time, the stepper motor 674 is started, and the driving shaft 671 and the driving pulley 673 are driven to rotate by the stepper motor 674. Under the action of the transmission belt 655, the driven pulley 654 will also rotate, and the driven pulley 654 will drive the transmission rod 645 to reciprocate left and right, thereby driving the sliding rod 643 to reciprocate left and right in the limiting slide groove 642. When the sliding rod 643 moves toward the direction close to the soil bag 61, the sliding rod 643 will drive the bulldozer rod 644 to squeeze the bulldozer plate 63, thereby moving the soil plowed out by the side of the baffle 62 to the horizontal section of the soil bag 61. As the soil is continuously moved, the soil in the soil bag 61 will form an accumulation, and while the driven pulley 654 is rotating, the central shaft 651 will drive the telescopic rod 6 52 and bucket 653 rotate counterclockwise, and the soil at the bottom of the soil bag 61 is scooped up by the bucket 653 during the rotation. Whenever the telescopic rod 652 rotates from the bottom of the soil bag 61 to the middle of the upper end of the soil bag 61, the stepper motor 674 stops running for 1 second and then rotates. At this time, under the action of inertia, the soil inside the bucket 653 will be lifted into the soil filter 66. In the subsequent rotation process of the bucket 653, the telescopic rod 652 will adaptively extend under the action of centrifugal force, resulting in the distance between the end of the bucket 653 and the central axis 651 being greater than the radius of the concave groove of the soil bag 61. Therefore, when the bucket 653 rotates to the position where it contacts the reset rod 611, the squeezing between the reset rod 611 and the bucket 653 can reset the telescopic rod 652, and the bucket 653 will oscillate at the same time. The oscillation force can avoid the adhesion of the soil inside the bucket 653, thereby improving the smoothness of its subsequent shoveling.

[0061] When the soil enters the soil filter 66, the rotating drive shaft 671 will drive the knocking rod 672 to continuously knock the soil, thereby breaking it into smaller particles so that it can pass through the mesh of the arc filter 661 and fall into the ditch applied with the improver through the soil drop pipe 662, thereby completing the soil backfilling operation. The arc filter 661 can filter out the sand ginger in the soil. Due to the installation characteristics of the arc filter 661, the knocking rod 672 will continuously drive the arc filter 661 to deform and vibrate during the rotation process, which is conducive to the falling of small particles of soil. As the sand ginger on the arc filter 661 continues to accumulate, the lower end of the arc filter 661 will gradually fit to the bottom of the soil filter 66 and block the upper end of the soil drop pipe 662. At this time, the amount of soil dropped at the lower end of the soil drop pipe 662 will be affected. At this time, the stepper motor 674 should be stopped immediately, and the sand ginger inside the soil filter 66 should be cleaned out in time before the operation can be carried out again.

[0062] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a tillage layer to achieve rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1: Deep plowing is performed on the sticky and rigid sandy black soil to break up the soil compaction and increase the soil looseness. The deep plowing depth should be at least 20 cm.

[0064] S2: applying organic fertilizer to the soil after deep plowing, wherein the organic fertilizer includes returning organic fertilizer / straw to the field to increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil aggregate structure;

[0065] S3: Develop and implement scientific fertilization plans based on the nutrient status of the sandy black soil and crop requirements;

[0066] S4: Intelligent soil moisture monitoring and precise water control technology are used to irrigate and drain according to soil moisture conditions and crop needs to maintain soil moisture content and aeration.

[0067] The working principle of the present invention when in use:

[0068] One: first, manually fix the end of the frame plate 2 and the traction device 1 together, start the traction device 1, drive the frame plate 2 and the walking wheel 3 to move along the direction of the cultivated land through the traction device 1, and start the electric push rod 44 at the same time, drive the adjustment plate 45 to move downward through the electric push rod 44, so as to control the plowing depth of the plowshare 43, add the improver into the fertilizer box 52, and a gully will be formed after the plowshare 43 plows, and the improver in the fertilizer box 52 will fall into the gully through the fertilizer drop pipe 53, so as to improve the sand ginger black soil after plowing, and then quickly reduce its sticky and rigid structural characteristics;

[0069] Second: After the plowshare 43 plows the soil, the plowed soil will accumulate on both sides of the gully. At this time, the baffle 62 can separate the soil and the gully to avoid backfilling. At the same time, the stepper motor 674 is started, and the driving shaft 671 and the driving pulley 673 are driven to rotate by the stepper motor 674. Under the action of the transmission belt 655, the driven pulley 654 will also rotate, and the driven pulley 654 drives the transmission rod 645 to reciprocate left and right, thereby driving the sliding rod 643 to reciprocate left and right in the limiting slide groove 642. When the sliding rod 643 moves in the direction close to the soil bag 61, the sliding rod 643 will drive the bulldozer rod 644 to squeeze the bulldozer plate 63, thereby moving the soil plowed out from the side of the baffle 62 to the horizontal section of the soil bag 61. As the soil is continuously moved, the soil in the soil bag 61 will form an accumulation;

[0070] 3. When the driven pulley 654 rotates, the central shaft 651 drives the telescopic rod 652 and the bucket 653 to rotate counterclockwise, and the bucket 653 scoops up the soil at the bottom of the soil bag 61 during the rotation. Whenever the telescopic rod 652 rotates from the bottom of the soil bag 61 to the middle of the upper end of the soil bag 61, the stepper motor 674 stops running for 1 second and then rotates again. At this time, under the action of inertia, the soil inside the bucket 653 will be lifted into the soil filter 66, and then the bucket 653 will scoop up the soil at the bottom of the soil bag 61. During the rotation process, the telescopic rod 652 will adaptively extend under the action of centrifugal force, resulting in the distance between the end of the bucket 653 and the central axis 651 being larger than the radius of the concave groove of the soil scooping device 61. Therefore, when the bucket 653 rotates to the position in contact with the reset rod 611, the compression between the reset rod 611 and the bucket 653 can reset the telescopic rod 652, and the bucket 653 will oscillate at the same time. The oscillating force can prevent the soil inside the bucket 653 from sticking, thereby improving the smoothness of the subsequent shoveling.

[0071] 4: When the soil enters the soil filter 66, the rotating drive shaft 671 will drive the knocking rod 672 to continuously knock the soil, thereby breaking it into smaller particles so that it can pass through the mesh of the arc filter 661 and fall into the ditch with the improver through the soil drop pipe 662, thereby completing the soil backfilling operation. The arc filter 661 can filter out the sand ginger in the soil. Due to the installation characteristics of the arc filter 661, the knocking rod 672 will continuously drive the arc filter 661 to deform and vibrate during the rotation process, which is conducive to the falling of small particles of soil. As the sand ginger on the arc filter 661 continues to accumulate, the lower end of the arc filter 661 will gradually fit to the bottom of the soil filter 66 and block the upper end of the soil drop pipe 662. At this time, the amount of soil dropped at the lower end of the soil drop pipe 662 will be affected. At this time, the stepper motor 674 should be stopped immediately, and the sand ginger inside the soil filter 66 should be cleaned out in time before the operation can be carried out again.

[0072] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil, characterized in that: include: Traction equipment (1); A frame plate (2), wherein the rear portion of the traction device (1) is detachably mounted with the frame plate (2); Traveling wheels (3), the lower ends of both sides of the frame plate (2) are rotatably mounted with traveling wheels (3); A tillage layer control mechanism (4), the tillage layer control mechanism (4) being fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the frame plate (2); A fertilizer distribution mechanism (5), wherein the upper end of the frame plate (2) is fixedly mounted with the fertilizer distribution mechanism (5), and the lower end of the fertilizer distribution mechanism (5) extends to a position below the frame plate (2) and close to the ground; A tillage layer processing mechanism (6), wherein the tillage layer control mechanism (4) is provided with a tillage layer processing mechanism (6) on the side thereof, and the upper end of the tillage layer processing mechanism (6) is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the frame plate (2); An auxiliary mechanism (7), wherein the lower end of the tillage layer processing mechanism (6) is fixedly mounted with the auxiliary mechanism (7).

2. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tillage layer control mechanism (4) comprises an outer cylinder (41), a telescopic spring (42), a plowshare (43), an electric push rod (44) and an adjustment plate (45); the outer cylinder (41) is linearly arranged in the middle of the lower end surface of the frame plate (2); the plowshare (43) is slidably mounted inside the outer cylinder (41) via the telescopic spring (42); an adjustment plate (45) is fixedly mounted between two adjacent plowshares (43); the upper end of the adjustment plate (45) is fixedly connected to the electric push rod (44); and the upper end of the electric push rod (44) is fixedly mounted on the frame plate (2).

3. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fertilizer distribution mechanism (5) comprises a support rod (51), a fertilizer box (52) and a fertilizer drop pipe (53); the fertilizer box (52) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the frame plate (2) via the support rods (51) which are symmetrically arranged; the fertilizer drop pipes (53) are evenly mounted on the bottom of the fertilizer box (52); and the lower ends of the fertilizer drop pipes (53) extend below the tillage layer processing mechanism (6).

4. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The number of the fertilizer drop pipes (53) corresponds to the number of the ploughshares (43) and the fertilizer drop pipes (53) are located at the rear side of the ploughshares (43).

5. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tillage layer processing mechanism (6) comprises a soil scooping device (61), a baffle (62) and a bulldozer (63); the soil scooping device (61) is arranged on the side of the ploughshare (43); the part of the soil scooping device (61) away from the ploughshare (43) is in the shape of an arc-shaped groove; the part of the soil scooping device (61) close to the ploughshare (43) is in the shape of a flat plate; the baffle (62) is symmetrically arranged at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device (61) and located on both sides of the ploughshare (43); and the bulldozer (63) is tiltedly installed on the side of the baffle (62) and located at the flat plate end of the soil scooping device (61) through a torsion spring.

6. The device for constructing a tillage layer for achieving rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tillage layer processing mechanism (6) further comprises a bulldozer unit (64), a soil-raising unit (65), a soil filter (66), a knocking unit (67) and an "L"-shaped connecting rod (68). The bulldozer unit (64) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the end of the soil bag (61). The bulldozer unit (64) and the side wall of the bulldozer plate (63) are in contact with each other. The bulldozer unit (64) and the soil-raising unit (65) are connected in cooperation. The soil-raising unit (65) is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the soil bag (61). The soil filter (66) is fixedly mounted on the side of the soil bag (61) away from the bulldozer unit (64). The upper end of the soil filter (66) is fixedly connected to the frame plate (2) through a symmetrically arranged "L"-shaped connecting rod (68). The knocking unit (67) is rotatably arranged inside the soil filter (66). The knocking unit (67) and the soil-raising unit (65) are connected in cooperation.

7. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bulldozer unit (64) comprises a lining plate (641), a limiting slide groove (642), a slide rod (643), a bulldozer rod (644) and a transmission rod (645); the lining plate (641) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the end of the soil bag (61); the lining plate (641) is provided with a limiting slide groove (642); a slide rod (643) is slidably arranged in the limiting slide groove (642); a transmission rod (645) is rotatably arranged at the end of the slide rod (643); a bulldozer rod (644) is fixedly connected to the position of the slide rod (643) corresponding to the bulldozer plate (63); the bulldozer rod (644) and the bulldozer plate (63) are in contact with each other.

8. The device for constructing a tillage layer for achieving rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil-raising unit (65) comprises a central shaft (651), a telescopic rod (652), a bucket (653), a driven pulley (654) and a transmission belt (655); the central shaft (651) is rotatably arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the soil-raising device (61); the telescopic rods (652) are evenly arranged on the central shaft (651); the bucket (653) is fixedly installed on the end of the telescopic rod (652) away from the central shaft (651); the end of the central shaft (651) is fixedly connected to the driven pulley (654); the transmission belt (655) is wound around the driven pulley (654); and the side wall of the driven pulley (654) is connected to the end of the transmission rod (645) away from the sliding rod (643) through a pin shaft at a position close to the outer edge.

9. The device for constructing a tillage layer for achieving rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: A reset rod (611) is fixedly provided at the upper end of the arc-shaped groove of the soil scoop (61) and close to the soil filter (66).

10. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil filter (66) is provided with an arc-shaped filter screen (661) inside, and a soil drop pipe (662) is installed at the bottom of the soil filter (66) at a position corresponding to the plowshare (43), and a space is formed between the arc-shaped filter screen (661) and the upper end of the soil drop pipe (662) for crushed soil to fall.

11. The device for constructing a tillage layer for achieving rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 6, characterized in that: The knocking unit (67) comprises a driving shaft (671), a knocking rod (672), a driving pulley (673) and a stepping motor (674); a driving shaft (671) is rotatably arranged in the soil filter (66); the knocking rods (672) are evenly mounted on the driving shaft (671); a driving pulley (673) is fixedly mounted near the end of the driving shaft (671); the driving pulley (673) is connected to a driven pulley (654) via a transmission belt (655); one end of the driving shaft (671) is fixedly connected to the stepping motor (674); and the stepping motor (674) is mounted on the side wall of the soil filter (66) via a machine base.

12. The plough layer construction device for realizing rapid reduction of stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil according to claim 9, characterized in that: The auxiliary mechanism (7) comprises a support frame (71) and auxiliary wheels (72); the support frame (71) is fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the soil scoop (61) and the soil filter (66); and the auxiliary wheels (72) are rotatably mounted on the support frame (71).

13. A method for constructing a tillage layer to achieve rapid reduction of the stickiness and stiffness of sandy black soil, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: S1: Deep plowing is performed on the sticky and rigid sandy black soil to break up the soil compaction and increase the soil looseness. The deep plowing depth should be at least 20 cm. S2: applying organic fertilizer to the soil after deep plowing, wherein the organic fertilizer includes returning organic fertilizer / straw to the field to increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil aggregate structure; S3: Develop and implement scientific fertilization plans based on the nutrient status of the sandy black soil and crop requirements; S4: Intelligent soil moisture monitoring and precise water control technology are used to irrigate and drain according to soil moisture conditions and crop needs to maintain soil moisture content and aeration.

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