Preparation method and application of soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material, the preparation method comprises: S1, pretreatment of an organic matrix; S2, preparation of a soilless filler: mixing an inorganic matrix, a water retaining agent, an organic matrix pretreated in step S1, and a biomass fertilizer in proportion to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass fractions of the components are 14% to 30%, 4% to 10%, 40% to 60%, and 13% to 20%, respectively; diluting a plant growth regulator accounting for 0.05% to 0.08% of the total mass of the mixture in water at a volume ratio of 1:1000, and then spraying the mixture to obtain a soilless filler; S3, making a water retaining layer; S4, preparing a soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material. The prepared restoration material has good degradability and tensile strength, strong overall anti-scouring ability, and low cost, and realizes rapid ecological restoration of plateau river and lake areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of river and lake ecological restoration, and in particular to a preparation method and application of a soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material. Background Art

[0002] Due to climate change and human activities, the plateau region is facing a series of ecological and environmental problems, including meadow vegetation degradation, forest area decline, land desertification, etc. The high altitude and cold weather of the plateau region make its ecological environment relatively fragile, and it is extremely difficult to recover naturally after being damaged.

[0003] Existing restoration methods include soil spraying and artificial turf planting. These methods consume a lot of soil resources and are costly. In addition, the structural stability of existing ecological restoration materials is poor, and they are easily damaged by rain during the rainy season, leading to serious soil and water loss on the surface. Therefore, restoring the vegetation types of plateau rivers and lakes, preventing soil and water loss, and protecting the local ecological environment have become urgent issues to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, one object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material that is low in cost, easy to obtain, and has good stability. Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material.

[0005] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, organic matrix pretreatment:

[0008] Drying an organic substrate to a moisture content of 5wt% to 8wt%, wherein the organic substrate is at least one of desalted coconut bran, decomposed rice husk, and decomposed straw;

[0009] S2, preparation of soil-free filler:

[0010] The inorganic matrix, the water retaining agent, the organic matrix pretreated in step S1, and the biomass fertilizer are uniformly mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass fraction of each component is 14% to 30%, 4% to 10%, 40% to 60%, and 13% to 20% of the total mass of the mixture, respectively;

[0011] Diluting 0.05% to 0.08% of the total mass of the mixture with a plant growth regulator in water at a volume ratio of 1:1000, and then spraying it on the mixture to obtain a soilless filler;

[0012] S3, preparing a water-retaining layer: laying cotton cloth, montmorillonite and viscose fiber non-woven fabric in order from bottom to top, and preparing a water-retaining layer by using a needle-punching heat-locking process;

[0013] S4, preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials: laying the water-retaining layer prepared in step S3, the soilless filling material prepared in step S2, grass seeds, coconut fiber blanket and linen in sequence from bottom to top to form a multi-layer structure, and then fixing each layer by sewing, and then sealing the edges of the multi-layer structure with 20-30 cm wide non-woven fabric edge sealing strips to obtain soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2:

[0015] The inorganic matrix is ​​at least one of fly ash, tailings powder, slaked lime, perlite and vermiculite. When two or more of them are used, the substances are mixed in any proportion.

[0016] The water retaining agent is at least one of methyl cellulose, montmorillonite and carboxymethyl starch. When two or more of them are used, the substances are mixed in any proportion;

[0017] The biomass fertilizer is at least one of sheep dung, cow dung and horse dung. When two or more of them are used, the materials are mixed in any proportion;

[0018] The plant growth regulator is at least one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, sodium nitrophenolate and brassinolide. When two or more of them are used, the substances are mixed in any proportion.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3:

[0020] The specifications of the cotton cloth and the viscose fiber non-woven fabric enable the roots of the grass seeds in the grass seed layer to penetrate into the soil; in the water-retaining layer, the thickness of the montmorillonite is 2-3 mm;

[0021] The needle punch heat lock process is: using a needle with a barbed hook to repeatedly puncture the viscose fiber non-woven fabric and the cotton fabric to hold the montmorillonite; by rapidly heating and burning the viscose fiber non-woven fabric, the non-woven fibers are curled and firmly consolidated after heating. The heating and burning temperature is controlled at 140-160°C.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, the grass seeds are filled in a non-woven bag and evenly spread in the non-woven bag, and the specifications of the non-woven bag, coconut fiber blanket and linen enable the buds of the plant seeds to drill out.

[0023] Preferably, the drying temperature of the organic matrix in S1 is 40-55° C.; and the moisture content of the inorganic matrix in S2 is 1-3%.

[0024] The invention discloses an application of soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials prepared by the above preparation method in the restoration of plateau river and lake lakeside zones, soil consolidation and slope protection, slope greening and vegetation restoration on both sides of rivers: the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials are first laid on the slope or the edge of the river channel, and adjacent soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials are fixed with U-shaped nails at the overlapped parts, and the overlapped length is 20-30cm; each soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is fixed with anchoring trenches and U-shaped nails, or only with U-shaped nails; when fixed with U-shaped nails, the interval between adjacent U-shaped nails is 2m.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material of the present invention realizes the replacement of soil with industrial solid waste and agricultural solid waste, and the organic matter content of the filler is ≥1%. The roots and grass stems grown using the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material of the present invention are in good condition, with a germination rate of ≥60% and a root length of ≥3cm;

[0027] 2. The soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material of the present invention has a multi-layer fiber structure, is water-permeable but not soil-permeable, has toughness and tensile resistance, and improves the overall anti-scouring ability. The runoff velocity of the soil spraying and artificial turf to resist scouring is 1.5-2.0m / s, and the runoff velocity of the soilless ecological restoration material of the present invention to resist scouring reaches 2.5-3.5m / s, and the overall anti-scouring ability is better than the soil spraying and artificial turf.

[0028] 3. The repair material of the present invention contains plant growth regulators, which can promote plant cell division, differentiation and plant root growth, and restore ecological functions;

[0029] 4. The repair material of the present invention is composed of degradable fibers, has good degradability in the natural environment, and is more environmentally friendly.

[0030] 5. The soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared by the method of the present invention meets the requirements for agricultural use, realizes the large-scale processing of solid waste, turns solid waste into treasure, generates higher economic value, and realizes the green and sustainable development of solid waste and high value-added resource utilization.

[0031] 6. The raw materials used in the preparation method of the present invention are low in cost and easy to obtain. The cost of soil spraying and artificial turf planting is 70-90 yuan / m 2 The cost of the soilless ecological restoration material of the present invention is 45-60 yuan / m 2 , which is much lower than the cost of soil spraying and artificial turf planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the decomposition structure of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared by the method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the laying state of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the growth of grass after the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is laid;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the rooting of grass after the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention is laid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The preparation method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the examples.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] See also Figure 1 A method for preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1, organic substrate pretreatment: using desalted coconut husk (wash the coconut husk twice, soaking for 10 minutes each time) as the organic substrate, and controlling its moisture content to 5wt%;

[0040] S2, preparation of soil-free filler:

[0041] The inorganic matrix fly ash (water content is 1wt%), the water retaining agent methyl cellulose, the organic matrix desalted coconut husk pretreated in step S1, and the biomass fertilizer sheep manure are mixed uniformly in proportion to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass fractions of the components are 23%, 8%, 53% and 16% of the mass of the mixture respectively.

[0042] 0.05% of indoleacetic acid by mass of the mixture is diluted in water at a ratio of 1:1000 (volume ratio), and then sprayed on the mixture.

[0043] S3, making a water-retaining layer: laying cotton cloth, montmorillonite (water-retaining agent) and viscose fiber non-woven fabric in order from bottom to top. Puncture the viscose fiber non-woven fabric and cotton cloth repeatedly with a needle to hold the montmorillonite; and quickly heat and burn the cotton cloth with a flame-throwing device, and the heating and burning temperature is controlled at 140°C.

[0044] S4, preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials: the water-retaining layer prepared in step S3, the soilless filler prepared in step S2, the grass seed layer, the coconut fiber blanket and the linen are laid in order from bottom to top to form a composite material. The composite material is moved forward by a winding and conveying device, and sewn with a double row of needles with a stitch length of 20 to 25 cm; finally, the 30 cm wide non-woven fabric seal is folded in half and sealed at the edges around to obtain a soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material. Wherein, the grass seed layer is composed of a non-woven bag and grass seeds evenly spread in the non-woven bag.

[0045] The specifications of the cotton cloth and the viscose fiber non-woven fabric in S3 enable the roots of the grass seeds in the grass seed layer to penetrate into the soil; the thickness of the montmorillonite in the water-retaining layer is 2.3 mm. The grass seeds in S4 are filled in a non-woven bag and evenly spread in the non-woven bag, and the buds of the grass seeds can drill out of the non-woven bag, the coconut fiber blanket and the linen.

[0046] The organic matter content of the filler of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in this embodiment is 2%.

[0047] The root germination rate of grass grown using this soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is ≥60%, and the length of the grass root system is ≥3cm.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the laying status of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in this embodiment on the river slope. Figure 3 This is the growth status of the grass 30 days after laying. As shown in the figure, the height of the grass has reached 6-7cm; Figure 4 This is the root system status diagram 30 days after laying. As shown in the figure, the length of the roots has reached 8cm.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A method for preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1, material pretreatment: the inorganic matrix uses tailings powder, and its moisture content is controlled to 2wt%; the organic matrix uses decomposed rice husk, and its moisture content is controlled to 7%;

[0052] S2, preparation of soil-free filler:

[0053] Based on the total mass of the mixture, 18% of tailings powder, 6% of montmorillonite, 60% of decomposed rice husk and 16% of cow dung are fully mixed.

[0054] 0.08% of naphthaleneacetic acid accounting for the total mass of the mixture was diluted in water at a ratio of 1:1000 (volume ratio) and sprayed into the above mixture.

[0055] S3, preparing a water-retaining layer: the preparation method is the same as step (3) of Example 1.

[0056] S4, preparation of soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials: the method is the same as step (4) of Example 1.

[0057] The organic matter content of the filler of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in this embodiment is 3%.

[0058] The root length grown by using this soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is 4.3cm, and the germination rate is ≥65%;

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A method for preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1, material pretreatment:

[0062] The inorganic matrix is ​​perlite, and its moisture content is controlled to be 3%; the organic matrix is ​​decomposed straw, and its moisture content is controlled to be 8wt%;

[0063] S2, preparation of soil-free filler:

[0064] Based on the total mass of the mixture, 21% of perlite, 5% of carboxymethyl starch, 59% of decomposed straw and 15% of horse manure are fully mixed.

[0065] 0.07% of brassinolide accounting for the total mass of the mixture was diluted in water at a ratio of 1:1000 (volume ratio) and sprayed on the above mixture.

[0066] S3, preparing a water-retaining layer: the preparation method is the same as step (3) of Example 1.

[0067] S4, preparation of soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials: the method is the same as step (4) of Example 1.

[0068] The organic matter content of the filler of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared in this embodiment is 3.5%.

[0069] The root length grown by using the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is 5 cm, and the germination rate is ≥67.5%.

[0070] The laying method of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared by the present invention is:

[0071] First, lay the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials on the slope or the edge of the river channel, and use U-shaped nails to fix the overlapping parts of adjacent soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, with an overlapping length of 20-30cm; each soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is fixed with anchoring trenches and U-shaped nails, or only with U-shaped nails; when fixed with U-shaped nails, the interval between adjacent U-shaped nails is 2m.

Claims

1. A method for preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, comprising the following steps: S1, organic matrix pretreatment: Drying an organic substrate to a moisture content of 5wt% to 8wt%, wherein the organic substrate is at least one of desalted coconut bran, decomposed rice husk, and decomposed straw; S2, preparation of soil-free filler: The inorganic matrix, the water retaining agent, the organic matrix pretreated in step S1, and the biomass fertilizer are uniformly mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass fraction of each component is 14% to 30%, 4% to 10%, 40% to 60%, and 13% to 20% of the total mass of the mixture, respectively; Diluting 0.05% to 0.08% of the total mass of the mixture with a plant growth regulator in water at a volume ratio of 1:1000, and then spraying it on the mixture to obtain a soilless filler; S3, preparing a water-retaining layer: laying cotton cloth, montmorillonite and viscose fiber non-woven fabric in order from bottom to top, and preparing a water-retaining layer by using a needle-punching heat-locking process; S4, preparing soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials: laying the water-retaining layer prepared in step S3, the soilless filling material prepared in step S2, grass seeds, coconut fiber blanket and linen in sequence from bottom to top to form a multi-layer structure, and then fixing each layer by sewing, and then sealing the edges of the multi-layer structure with 20-30 cm wide non-woven fabric edge sealing strips to obtain soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic matrix in S2 is at least one of fly ash, tailings powder, slaked lime, perlite and vermiculite; when two or more thereof are used, the substances can be mixed in any proportion.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining agent in S2 is at least one of methyl cellulose, montmorillonite and carboxymethyl starch; when two or more thereof are used, the substances can be mixed in any proportion.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass fertilizer in S2 is at least one of sheep dung, cow dung, and horse dung; when two or more of them are used, the substances are mixed in any proportion.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator in S2 is at least one of indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, sodium nitrophenolate and brassinolide. When two or more of them are used, the substances can be mixed in any proportion.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the cotton cloth and the viscose fiber non-woven fabric in S3 enable the roots of the grass seeds in the grass seed layer to penetrate into the soil; in the water-retaining layer, the thickness of the montmorillonite is 2-3 mm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The needle punch heat lock process in S3 is: using a needle with a barbed hook to repeatedly puncture the viscose fiber non-woven fabric and the cotton fabric to hold the montmorillonite; by rapidly heating and burning the viscose fiber non-woven fabric, the non-woven fibers are curled and firmly consolidated after heating. The heating and burning temperature is controlled at 140-160°C.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seeds in S4 are filled in a non-woven bag and evenly spread in the non-woven bag. The specifications of the non-woven bag, the coconut fiber blanket and the burlap enable the buds of the plant seeds to drill out.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature of the organic matrix in S1 is 40-55° C.; the moisture content of the inorganic matrix in S2 is 1-3%.

10. Application of the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in the restoration of plateau river and lake shores, soil consolidation and slope protection, slope greening and river bank vegetation restoration, characterized in that: First, lay the soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials on the slope or the edge of the river channel, and use U-shaped nails to fix the overlapping parts of adjacent soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration materials, with an overlapping length of 20-30cm; each soilless plateau river and lake ecological restoration material is fixed with anchoring trenches and U-shaped nails, or only with U-shaped nails; when fixed with U-shaped nails, the interval between adjacent U-shaped nails is 2m.

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