Ecological restoration method for yellow mud rock dumping site in high and cold grassland mining area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for a yellow mud rock dumping site in a high and cold grassland mining area. The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a yellow mud rock dumping site in a high and cold grassland mining area. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing field management before sowing; (2) sowing the seed composition, and applying a fertilizer at the same time; the seed composition comprises oat, leymus chinensis, salt-tolerant laurel, elytrigia elongata, puccinellia tenuifolia, steebeck medicago sativa and Hullenberg medicago sativa; and (3) performing maintenance management after sowing. According to the ecological restoration method for the yellow mud rock dumping site in the alpine grassland mining area, provided by the invention, the yellow mud rock dumping site with strong alkaline soil can be subjected to soil improvement and hardening breaking, so that a good ecological restoration effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for ecological restoration of a yellow mudstone dump in a high-cold grassland mining area. Background Art

[0002] Coal plays an important role in my country's national economy. With the rapid development of my country's economy and the increasing demand for coal resources, the development and utilization of coal resources have caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of mineral resource mining, it has had a considerable negative impact on the ecology and environment of grassland areas, such as the decline in grassland forage quality and yield, the loss of biodiversity in plant communities, the decline in groundwater levels, changes in soil and vegetation structure, frequent soil erosion and sandstorms, etc., leading to the deterioration of grassland ecology and seriously affecting the normal functioning of grassland ecosystem service functions. The mining of coal resources is a complex and long-term project. With the destruction of grassland ecological environment by mining, the geological environment has also been severely damaged, which is easy to cause soil, air, water and other pollution in the surrounding areas, which will not only cause ecological imbalance, but also harm the workers and surrounding residents in the mining area. Therefore, soil and water conservation work and ecological restoration in the mining area are particularly important.

[0003] In order to build an important ecological security barrier in northern my country, reduce the pollution of atmospheric dust, water bodies, soil and other ecological environments, realize the ecological environment protection and utilization of northern alpine grassland mining areas, and do a good job in ecological restoration of northern alpine grassland mining areas and restore the agricultural and animal husbandry production capacity of mining areas, it is a top priority. Therefore, the ecological restoration of the spoil dump in the northern alpine grassland mining area has received more and more attention. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0005] In recent years, my country has launched green mines, mine parks, land reclamation and other projects in the ecological management of mining areas in the northern alpine grasslands. The implementation of these projects has greatly promoted the improvement of the ecological environment of the grasslands in the mining areas and the improvement of the quality of life of the people in the mining areas, and the vegetation and biodiversity have also been restored. However, in the ecological restoration and vegetation restoration of open-pit coal mine dumps in the northern alpine grassland mining areas, there are some shortcomings, especially in the coldest Hulunbuir area in my country, where the extreme cold temperature is minus 40℃ or even lower. Plant varieties that perform well in most parts of the country, safely overwinter, and have excellent production performance cannot survive the severe winter here, and either freeze to death in winter or die in large numbers during the late spring cold. In addition, due to the tight use of land resources and insufficient funds, many areas of the spoil dump are not covered with soil, and ecological management is carried out directly. The types of managed varieties are few, the varieties are single, the cold resistance is poor, and most of them are purchased from outside. The pure yellow mudstone and white sandstone soil spoil dump areas with poor soil conditions are basically barren. For example, in the open-pit coal mine in Yiminhe Town, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, more than 20 plant varieties were planted for ecological restoration of the mine spoil dump. In the second year, only 5 to 6 varieties turned green again, and they continued to degenerate and decrease. In the third year, only about 3 varieties were left, forming large areas of bald spots, which needed to be reseeded.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. To this end, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dumping ground in alpine grassland mining area, which can improve the soil of yellow mudstone dumping ground with strong alkaline soil and solidity, break up the compaction, and achieve good ecological restoration effect.

[0007] The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Carry out field management before sowing;

[0009] (2) sowing a seed composition and applying fertilizer at the same time; the seed composition comprises oats: chinensis: salt-tolerant moon night: long spike wheatgrass: alkali grass: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne hulunbuir;

[0010] (3) Carry out maintenance management after sowing.

[0011] The advantages and technical effects brought by the method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area in the embodiment of the present invention are as follows: 1. The method of the embodiment of the present invention takes into account aspects such as plant species, community structure, and economic value, and selects a seed composition that is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, and stress-resistant and can safely overwinter under extreme conditions of about minus 40°C. At the same time, companion plants with excellent tolerance and resistance are selected to grow well in the community; 2. The method of the embodiment of the present invention takes into account the perfect combination of artificial construction and natural growth, and can form a natural landscape of near-natural growth, so that the advantages of plants can be fully utilized to overcome the difficulties of vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and survival in the strong alkaline and solid yellow mudstone soil, and achieve good ecological restoration effects.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step (1), the field management includes: after applying yellow mudstone clay improver and base fertilizer in early May, rotary tillage once to a depth of 16 to 19 cm, and irrigate the land for 2 months; water thoroughly before sowing in early July, and after compaction of the shallow layer of the surface, use a rotary tiller to shallowly till the soil to a depth of 7 to 11 cm, and then sow in time.

[0013] In some embodiments, the yellow mudstone clay modifier includes sandy soil, farmyard decomposed cattle and sheep manure, rice husks, wheat bran and grass residues in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2, and the application amount is 11.2-12.4 t / mu;

[0014] And / or, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules in a mass ratio of 3-5:2-4:2-4, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 120-130 kg / mu.

[0015] In some embodiments, in step (2), the volume ratio of oats, sheep fescue, salt-tolerant moonflower, long-spiked elytris, alkali grass, Speidel alfalfa, and Hulunbuir yellow alfalfa in the seed composition is 1: 0.6-1.0: 0.5-0.9: 0.5-0.9: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.3.

[0016] In some embodiments, in step (2), the volume ratio of oats, sheep fescue, salt-tolerant moonflower, long-spiked elytris, alkali grass, Speidel alfalfa, and Hulunbuir yellow alfalfa in the seed composition is 1:0.8:0.7:0.7:0.3:0.2:0.2.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step (2), the seed composition is sown at a rate of 26 to 30 / m 2 The sowing time is from July to August, and the sowing depth is 1cm to 3cm.

[0018] In some embodiments, in step (2), the fertilizers applied include: 13-16 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10-14 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, and 8-12 kg / mu of medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules, and water is applied in time to dissolve them.

[0019] In some embodiments, the terrain slope of the alpine grassland mining area spoil dump is 20-35°, the ground is flat, ventilated and sunny, dry and rainy, and the pH value is 8.7-10.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step (3), the maintenance management includes:

[0021] (a) After sowing, water and cover with straw mats, and control the surface temperature at 18-34°C and the surface humidity at 60-78% RH;

[0022] (b) When the plant varieties reach the tillering stage after germination, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 6-10 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer granules containing trace elements, and water in time to dissolve them completely;

[0023] (c) In the second year, water the seedlings in early May. When the seedlings reach the jointing stage, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, and 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules. Water until all the fertilizer is dissolved. When the plants reach the transition period between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules, and 6-10 kg / mu of urea. Water until all the fertilizer is dissolved.

[0024] (d) In the third year, water the soil in early May to promote greening. At the end of May, apply 8-12 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 6-10 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, 3-7 kg / mu of granular microbial fertilizer with medium and trace elements, and 8-12 kg / mu of urea. Water the soil in time to dissolve all the fertilizer.

[0025] In some embodiments, the maintenance management further includes: watering with antifreeze water around mid-October after sowing in the first year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Carry out field management before sowing;

[0029] (2) sowing a seed composition and applying fertilizer at the same time; the seed composition comprises oats: chinensis: salt-tolerant moon night: long spike wheatgrass: alkali grass: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne hulunbuir;

[0030] (3) Carry out maintenance management after sowing.

[0031] The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area of ​​the embodiment of the present invention considers aspects such as plant species, community structure, and economic value, and selects a seed composition that is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-alkali-resistant, and stress-resistant and can safely overwinter under extreme conditions of about -40°C. At the same time, companion plants with excellent tolerance and resistance are selected to grow well in the community. The method of the embodiment of the present invention considers the perfect combination of artificial construction and natural growth, and can form a natural landscape of near-natural growth, so that the advantages of plants can be fully utilized to overcome the difficulties of vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and survival in the strong alkaline and solid yellow mudstone soil, and achieve good ecological restoration effects.

[0032] In some embodiments, preferably, in the step (1), the field management includes: after applying yellow mudstone clay improver and base fertilizer in early May, rotary tillage once to a depth of 16 to 19 cm, and irrigate the land for 2 months; before sowing in early July, water thoroughly, and after compaction of the shallow layer of the surface, use a rotary tiller to shallowly till the land to a depth of 7 to 11 cm, and then sow in time.

[0033] In some embodiments, preferably, the yellow mudstone clay modifier comprises sandy soil, farmyard decomposed cattle and sheep manure, rice husks, wheat bran and grass residues in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2, and the application amount is 11.2-12.4 t / mu;

[0034] And / or, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules in a mass ratio of 3-5:2-4:2-4, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 120-130 kg / mu.

[0035] In some embodiments, preferably, in the step (2), the volume ratio of oats, chinensis, salt-tolerant moon night, long spiked elytrium, alkaligrass, Sibed alfalfa, and Hulunbuir yellow alfalfa in the seed composition is 1: 0.6-1.0: 0.5-0.9: 0.5-0.9: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.3. Further preferably, in the step (2), the volume ratio of oats, chinensis, salt-tolerant moon night, long spiked elytrium, alkaligrass, Sibed alfalfa, and Hulunbuir yellow alfalfa in the seed composition is 1: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.3: 0.2: 0.2.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of each component in the seed composition is based on botanical characteristics, according to the proportion in the native vegetation community of the northern alpine natural grassland and the seed volume size and plant varieties with similar functions, and the combination planting can achieve an ideal ecological restoration effect.

[0037] In some embodiments, preferably, in step (2), the sowing amount of the seed composition is 26-30 g / m 2 The sowing time is from July to August, and the sowing depth is 1cm to 3cm. The appropriate sowing amount can achieve excellent sowing effect with low cost investment. Under the condition of maintaining irrigation, there is no need to cover the soil and apply farmyard manure.

[0038] In some embodiments, preferably, in step (2), the fertilizers applied include: 13-16 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10-14 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 8-12 kg / mu of medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules, and water is applied in time to dissolve them completely.

[0039] The fertilizer applied in the embodiment of the present invention is designed based on the test and analysis results of the soil and moisture in the yellow mudstone soil dump with poor soil conditions in the open-pit coal mine in the alpine grassland area. It is adapted to local conditions, more suitable for the growth of vegetation in the area, and conducive to the restoration of the ecosystem.

[0040] In some embodiments, preferably, the slope of the alpine grassland mining area spoil dump is 20-35°, the ground is flat, well-ventilated and sunny, dry and rainy, and the pH value is 8.7-10.

[0041] In some embodiments, preferably, in step (3), the maintenance management includes:

[0042] (a) Water after sowing and cover with straw mats to ensure the surface temperature and moisture conditions for plant germination and growth, to avoid soil erosion, soil hardening and seed exposure; and control the surface temperature at 18-34℃ to avoid high temperature damage to seedlings and seed buds; control the surface humidity at 60-78%RH to ensure the humidity required for seeds to absorb water, expand, germinate and seedling growth, and avoid seedling diseases caused by excessive humidity, such as damping-off and damping-off. Monitor the surface temperature and humidity every two weeks. If the temperature is too high or the humidity is too low, water in time to reduce the temperature and increase the humidity.

[0043] (b) When the plant varieties reach the tillering stage after germination, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 6-10 kg / mu of medium and trace element fertilizer granules, and water them in time to dissolve them, so as to alleviate and reduce soil alkalinity and viscosity, enhance the plants' resistance to stress, drought and cold, ensure that the pioneer plant ryegrass has an ecological restoration effect in the same year, and provide good early environmental conditions for the survival and growth of perennial community species and companion species to maintain soil quality;

[0044] (c) In the second year, water the plants in early May, and when the seedlings reach the jointing stage, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, and 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules, and water until they are dissolved; when the plants reach the transition period between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules, and 6-10 kg / mu of urea, and water until they are dissolved, so as to increase the yield and income of forage grass and seeds after the vegetation is established in the Yimin open-pit mine in the alpine grassland area;

[0045] (d) In the third year, water the fields in early May to help them recover. At the end of May, apply 8-12 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 6-10 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, 3-7 kg / mu of micronutrient fertilizer granules, and 8-12 kg / mu of urea. Water the fields in time to dissolve them. This can effectively degrade the dead branches and leaves of vegetation and turn them into humus on the surface, greatly increase the organic matter content of the soil, and improve the solid soil structure of the topsoil. After that, monitor the climate, vegetation growth, plant diversity, and yield, and then take maintenance measures to avoid ineffective cost input and material consumption.

[0046] In some embodiments, preferably, the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is greater than 52wt%; the fulvic acid content in the mineral potassium fulvic acid is greater than or equal to 52wt%, the humic acid content is greater than or equal to 34wt%, and the organic matter content is greater than or equal to 12wt%; the medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules contain boron, zinc, manganese, sulfur, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, iron, calcium, silicon, and selenium, and the effective number of live bacteria is greater than or equal to 1 billion / g. It is understandable that the organic fertilizer, mineral potassium fulvic acid, and medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules are first mixed evenly according to the proportion of the application amount and then applied; when urea is used, the mixing process is also performed first.

[0047] In some embodiments, preferably, the maintenance management also includes: watering with antifreeze water around mid-October after sowing in the first year.

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] (1) Select a dumping site with a slope of 20-35°, flat ground, ventilation and sunshine, drought and little rain, and a pH value of 9.1 with strong alkaline and solid yellow mudstone soil for ecological restoration. Perform field management before sowing: Apply yellow mudstone clay conditioner and base fertilizer in early May 2021. The conditioner includes sandy soil, farm-rotted cattle and sheep manure, rice husks, wheat bran and grass residues in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:1, and the application rate is 11.8 t / mu; the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer (organic matter content > 52wt%), mineral-source yellow humus fertilizer in a mass ratio of 4:3:3 Acid potassium (fulvic acid ≥52wt%, humic acid ≥34wt%, organic matter ≥12wt%) and medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granular type (containing boron, zinc, manganese, sulfur, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, iron, calcium, silicon and selenium, and effective live bacteria count ≥1 billion / g); after applying yellow mudstone clay improver and base fertilizer, rotary tillage once to a depth of 16-19cm, so that the yellow mudstone clay improver and base fertilizer are fully and evenly spread into the arable layer (1-15cm), and then water thoroughly and cultivate the land for 2 months; water thoroughly before sowing in early July, and after the shallow layer of the surface becomes compacted, use a rotary tiller to shallowly till the soil once, with a depth of 7-11cm, and then sow in time;

[0051] (2) In July 2021, oats, sheepgrass, salt-tolerant moon night, long-spiked wheatgrass, alkaligrass, Sibed alfalfa and Hulunbuir yellow alfalfa were sown in a volume ratio of 1:0.8:0.7:0.7:0.3:0.2:0.2, with a sowing rate of 30g / m 2 , the sowing depth is 1 to 3 cm, and at the same time, 15 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 12 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 10 kg / mu of medium and trace element fertilizer granules are applied mechanically and manually along with the seeds. After the organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and medium and trace element fertilizer granules are fully mixed, they are spread on the field and watered in time to dissolve them. At the same time, the water required for seed germination is supplemented;

[0052] (3) Watering after sowing, covering with straw mats, ensuring the surface temperature and moisture conditions for plant germination and growth, avoiding soil erosion and seed exposure; and ensuring that the surface humidity is controlled at 65-67% RH, the surface temperature is controlled at 22-25°C, and timely watering to increase moisture and reduce temperature to avoid the phenomenon of bud drying and seedling death during seed germination and seedling growth;

[0053] (4) When the plant varieties reach the branching (tillering) stage after germination, apply 12kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 8kg / mu of medium and trace element microbial fertilizer granules; mix the organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and medium and trace element microbial fertilizer granules thoroughly, spread them on the field, and water them in time to dissolve them;

[0054] (5) Water with antifreeze water around mid-October, and make sure the water is thoroughly poured;

[0055] (6) Water the plants in early May 2022, and then water them in time according to the soil moisture conditions. When the seedlings reach the branching (jointing) stage, apply 2kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, and 8kg / mu of medium and trace element fertilizer granules. Mix the organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate, and medium and trace element fertilizer granules evenly, then spread them on the field and water them in time to dissolve them. When the plants reach the transition period between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, apply 12kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, 8kg / mu of medium and trace element fertilizer granules, and 8kg / mu of urea (total nitrogen ≥ 46wt%). Mix the organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate, medium and trace element fertilizer granules, and urea evenly, then spread them on the field and water them in time to dissolve them.

[0056] (8) After watering in early May 2023, apply 10kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, 5kg / mu of granular microbial fertilizer and 10kg / mu of urea (total nitrogen ≥ 46wt%) at the end of May. Mix thoroughly and spread on the field, then water in time to dissolve.

[0057] The growth data of the plant varieties in this embodiment were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1; the soil was tested and analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 1 Ecological restoration and soil improvement of yellow mudstone dump in northern alpine grassland mining area, combined planting method, planting area, ecological restoration variety growth data

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Table 2 Ecological restoration and soil improvement of yellow mudstone dump in northern alpine grassland mining area Soil test table

[0062]

[0063] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the method for ecological restoration of the spoil dump in the alpine grassland mine area of ​​the present invention can achieve the effect of ecological restoration and soil improvement after the strong alkaline and solid yellow mudstone spoil dump of the open-pit mine in the alpine grassland area is repaired. In 2023, the average height of the ecological restoration variety grass group is 53 cm, the deepest root penetration depth reaches 127 cm, and the branch (tiller) growth ability is well developed, with an average of 67 branches / plant, especially the number of branches of leguminous alfalfa exceeds 120 / plant and the tiller of gramineous alkali grass exceeds 100 / plant, and the number of plant clusters is 165 plants / m 2 , coverage 88 / m 2 %, and the wintering rate eventually reached 100%.

[0064] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that before the improvement, the soil test analysis in 2021 was: the soil was strongly alkaline, the organic matter was medium level three, the available phosphorus was very low level six, the available potassium content was high to low level three, and the hydrolyzable nitrogen content was very low level six. The soil contains a large amount of harmful substances such as calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions, which cause compaction, alkali and salt, and their products, sulfates and nitrates, which make it impossible for vegetation to grow and develop normally. The conductivity exceeds the normal soil conductivity of 0.05-0.7ms / cm, and the value is too large, which proves that this type of soil has accumulated a large amount of salt substances for a long time, and the soil water evaporates quickly, which eventually leads to low soil fertility, greatly affecting the plant's absorption of nutrients and water from the soil, and forming soil conditions where most plants cannot grow normally. After the improvement, the soil test analysis in 2023 showed that the soil was neutral, with high organic matter level 1, medium effective phosphorus level 3, high available potassium level 1, and medium hydrolyzable nitrogen level 4. The content of harmful substances such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions and their products, sulfates and nitrates, which cause compaction, alkali and salt in the soil, has dropped significantly, allowing the soil to resume normal agricultural and animal husbandry production. The conductivity has returned to the normal soil conductivity range of 0.05-0.7ms / cm, proving that this type of soil now has a good ability to retain moisture and fertilizer.

[0065] After the alpine grassland open-pit mine strong alkaline solid yellow mudstone soil dump was repaired by the method of ecological restoration of the alpine grassland mine dump of the present invention, scientific and effective monitoring and maintenance were carried out for three years, which effectively improved the solid soil structure of the soil, changed the soil from yellow to dark gray and black, and the effective soil structure micro-aggregates have also been formed. The fallen leaves of the vegetation community formed a 2-4 cm humus layer on the surface. More than 91 species of native vegetation were restored, with a coverage of more than 96%, and an average of 230 plants / m 2 After planting on the yellow mudstone dumping ground in the alpine grassland mining area, except for ryegrass, all other crops can safely overwinter with good overwintering ability. The dry weight of forage grass yield is about 220kg / mu, and the hay can be about 180kg / mu, and the seed yield is 6-7kg / mu. Thus, the soil of the yellow mudstone dumping ground in the alpine grassland mining area is transformed from waste to treasure, the soil structure and viscosity of the soil are improved, and the effective structural aggregate of the soil is restored, thereby improving the land utilization rate, agricultural and animal husbandry production capacity and ecological function.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The restoration method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that: in step (2), a traditional seed composition is used for sowing, and the seed ratio (volume ratio) of the traditional seed composition is Elymus dahliae: Ice grass: Alfalfa: weed seeds = 1:0.8:0.6:1. In order to increase the emergence rate, survival rate and wintering rate of planting in the soil improvement and vegetation restoration of abandoned white sandstone in open-pit coal mines in the northern alpine grassland mining area, the soil is covered with 15-18 cm, and the sowing amount is increased to 84-90 g / m 2 , increase the application of compound fertilizer by 36-42 kg / mu, and increase the application of farmyard manure by 3.8-4.2 t / mu. The growth data are shown in Table 3.

[0068] Table 3 Planting growth data of traditional seed combination planted in improved white sandstone soil

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] From the data of the planting growth of the improved yellow mudstone dumping field by the planting method of the traditional seed combination in Table 3, it can be seen that the traditional seed combination planting plant varieties have weak wintering ability. In addition, the vegetation is planted under the soil conditions of solid, hardened and severely salinized yellow mudstone in the northern alpine grassland mining area. The germination rate, emergence rate, wintering rate and growth period of the plant varieties are seriously reduced and shortened, resulting in the inability of plants to reproduce normally, and even entering the withered and yellowing period in advance. The community construction speed is relatively slow, the vegetation is sparse, and a large area of ​​bare ground is formed in the spring of the second year. When the wind is strong, the smoke and dust are flying, and the slightly fallen objects and topsoil formed on the surface are lost with the wind, which pollutes the atmosphere and water and soil in severe cases. It is necessary to cover the soil, reseeding and fertilization on a large area, the cost investment is relatively large, and the seed waste is relatively serious. Moreover, the community formed in the later period is unstable and the variety is single, which is easy to be destroyed, and the effect of vegetation restoration is not achieved.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The restoration method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that: in step (2), a modern seed composition is used for sowing, and the seed ratio (volume ratio) of the modern seed composition is 1:0.7:0.6:0.6:0.4:0.4:0.6:0.5:0.8:0.5:0.1:0.6:0.6:1. In order to increase the emergence rate, survival rate and overwintering rate of the plants planted in the soil improvement and vegetation restoration of abandoned white sandstone in open-pit coal mines in the northern alpine grassland mining area, the grass varieties and flower varieties used are very suitable for northern ecological greening, thereby increasing their ornamental value. Cover the soil with 8 to 10 cm, increase the sowing amount to 72 to 76 g / ㎡, apply 26 to 30 kg / mu of mixed compound fertilizer, and 3 to 3.6 t / mu of farmyard manure.

[0074] Table 4 Modern seed combination planting method improves the planting growth data of yellow mudstone dumping site in northern alpine grassland mining area

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] From the vegetation growth data of modern seed combinations planted in the yellow mudstone dumping ground in the northern alpine grassland mining area in Table 4, it can be concluded that the wintering ability of plant varieties planted with modern seed combinations is average. It is not suitable to artificially embellish the flower meadow on the yellow mudstone dumping ground in the northern alpine grassland mining area where the soil environment conditions are harsh, solid, compacted, and severely salinized. First of all, most varieties are restricted in the growth and development of the plant roots due to the solid soil structure. When encountering a cold winter, most of them stay on the soil surface and suffer from cold damage, and cannot return to green in the second year. Even if the vegetation community established in the second year of return to green becomes simple and unstable, it begins to degenerate, and most flower varieties fade away and the embellishment is not obvious. In addition, as the planting and growth time increases, very few species begin to be suitable for the yellow mudstone dumping ground in the northern alpine grassland mining area, but they cannot complete the complete life cycle and cannot bear fruit because they cannot adapt to the soil conditions, nutritional status, irrigation, etc. of the yellow mudstone. Varieties that can grow and safely overwinter in the northern alpine areas are also unable to bear fruit and reproduce year by year and tend to die out and degenerate. Moreover, sporadic bald spots will form. In the spring of the third year, the exposed area of ​​the yellow mudstone dump will increase, and reseeding and fertilization will be necessary. This cycle will be repeated, and the cost investment and seed waste will increase year by year.

[0079] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0080] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dumping ground in alpine grassland mining area, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Carry out field management before sowing; (2) sowing a seed composition and applying fertilizer at the same time; the seed composition comprises oats: chinensis: salt-tolerant moon night: long spike wheatgrass: alkali grass: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne spatholobi: lucerne hulunbuir; (3) Carry out maintenance management after sowing.

2. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the field management includes: after applying yellow mudstone clay improver and base fertilizer in early May, rotary tillage once, the tillage depth is 16 to 19 cm, and the land is irrigated for 2 months; before sowing in early July, water it thoroughly, wait for the shallow layer of the surface to become compacted, use a rotary tiller to shallowly till the soil, the tillage depth is 7 to 11 cm, and then sow in time.

3. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The yellow mudstone clay modifier includes sandy soil, farmyard decomposed cattle and sheep manure, rice husks, wheat bran and grass residues in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:0.5-2:0.5-2:0.5-2, and the application amount is 11.2-12.4t / mu; And / or, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, mineral potassium humate and medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules in a mass ratio of 3-5:2-4:2-4, and the application amount of the base fertilizer is 120-130 kg / mu.

4. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the volume ratio of oats, sheep fescue, salt-tolerant moonflower, long-spiked elytris, alkaligrass, Medicago sativa, and Hulunbuir yellow lucerne in the seed composition is 1: 0.6-1.0: 0.5-0.9: 0.5-0.9: 0.1-0.5: 0.1-0.3: 0.1-0.

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5. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), the volume ratio of oats, sheep fescue, salt-tolerant moonflower, long-spiked elytris, alkaligrass, Medicago truncatula, and Hulunbuir yellow lucerne in the seed composition is 1:0.8:0.7:0.7:0.3:0.2:0.

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6. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In the step (2), the sowing amount of the seed composition is 26-30 g / m 2 The sowing time is from July to August, and the sowing depth is 1cm to 3cm.

7. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the fertilizers applied include: 13-16 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 10-14 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 8-12 kg / mu of medium and trace element bacterial fertilizer granules, and water is applied in time to dissolve them completely.

8. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain slope of the alpine grassland mining area dump is 20-35 degrees, the ground is flat, ventilated and sunny, dry and rainy, and the pH value is 8.7-10.

9. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the maintenance management includes: (a) After sowing, water and cover with straw mats, and control the surface temperature at 18-34°C and the surface humidity at 60-78% RH; (b) When the plant varieties reach the tillering stage after germination, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate and 6-10 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer granules containing trace elements, and water in time to dissolve them completely; (c) In the second year, water the seedlings in early May. When the seedlings reach the jointing stage, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, and 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules. Water until all the fertilizer is dissolved. When the plants reach the transition period between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, apply 10-14 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 8-12 kg / mu of potassium humate from mineral sources, 6-10 kg / mu of micro-element fertilizer granules, and 6-10 kg / mu of urea. Water until all the fertilizer is dissolved. (d) In the third year, water the soil in early May to promote greening. At the end of May, apply 8-12 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 6-10 kg / mu of mineral potassium humate, 3-7 kg / mu of granular microbial fertilizer with medium and trace elements, and 8-12 kg / mu of urea. Water the soil in time to dissolve all the fertilizer.

10. The method for ecological restoration of yellow mudstone dump in alpine grassland mining area according to claim 9, characterized in that: The maintenance management also includes: watering with antifreeze water around mid-October after sowing in the first year.

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