Multivariable control irrigation method for crop planting in simulated environment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland irrigation, and particularly relates to a multivariable control irrigation method for crop planting in a simulated environment, which comprises the following steps of: performing data acquisition on a growth environment and a growth state of corn by virtue of a monitoring unit, and transmitting the acquired data to a controller; the controller analyzes the collected data and then controls the automatic irrigation equipment to perform irrigation, fertilization or pesticide spraying; the environment data of corn production comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation intensity and soil moisture content, and the growth state comprises chlorophyll content and leaf area index. And the fertilizer or the pesticide is sprayed to leaf surfaces or roots of crops according to needs, so that the purposes of saving labor, being efficient, saving water, fertilizer and pesticide, and improving the utilization rate and the pesticide effect of water and fertilizer are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland irrigation, and in particular relates to a multivariable controlled irrigation method for crop planting in a simulated environment. Background Art

[0002] my country is seriously short of water resources. According to statistics, the total water consumption in China is 604.02 billion m3, of which domestic water accounts for 13.6%, industrial water accounts for 21.6%, and agricultural water accounts for 62.4%. The water utilization efficiency of agricultural water is much lower than that of developed countries. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent, and water shortage has become a key factor affecting the sustainable development of my country's economy and society. In traditional agricultural modernization production technology, irrigation is usually carried out on the basis of manual observation. The management accuracy is low, the utilization rate of water by crops is low, and it is easy to cause waste of water resources. On the other hand, the level and application of water-saving irrigation equipment lag far behind other operation links, and has become a bottleneck link in the mechanization technology of agricultural production. With the promotion of large-scale planting mode of grain production, the demand for suitable mechanized, intelligent, precise and efficient water-saving irrigation equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. Sprinkler irrigation can save water, but for corn crops, when the corn plants grow to a certain height, the area of ​​the leaves increases, and the spraying process can easily cause mechanical damage due to friction and collision between the leaves. In addition, corn has a high demand for water during the tasseling and silking period, and spraying can easily affect pollination.

[0003] Therefore, it is very necessary and has huge market potential to accurately manage irrigation volume and develop self-propelled intelligent irrigation equipment that is flexible, adaptable, accurate and efficient. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a multivariable controlled irrigation method for crop planting under a simulated environment, which can irrigate, fertilize or spray pesticides in a timely and appropriate manner according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops and the pest and disease conditions, and spray fertilizers or drugs onto the leaves or roots of the crops as needed, so as to achieve the purposes of labor saving, high efficiency, water saving, fertilizer saving, and pesticide saving, as well as improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and the efficacy of drugs.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A multivariable controlled irrigation method for crop planting in a simulated environment, the key is that it includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Collect data on the growth environment and growth status of corn using a monitoring unit;

[0008] S2, the monitoring unit transmits the collected data to the controller;

[0009] S3, the controller analyzes the data collected by the monitoring unit and controls the automatic irrigation equipment to perform irrigation, fertilization or spraying;

[0010] The environmental data for corn production include temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation intensity and soil moisture, and the growth status includes chlorophyll content and leaf area index.

[0011] The monitoring unit includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a weather station and a photographing unit. The soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the soil of the plot, and the weather station and the photographing unit are respectively arranged above the plot. The soil temperature and humidity sensor, the weather station and the photographing unit are respectively connected to the data processing unit signal.

[0012] The automatic irrigation equipment comprises a traveling frame and a spray assembly arranged on the traveling frame. The liquid inlet end of the spray assembly is respectively connected with a water supply end, a fertilizer supply end and a liquid supply end by means of pipelines, and a valve is arranged on the pipeline.

[0013] Folding frames are respectively hinged on both sides of the traveling frame. The folding frames have the freedom to swing along the traveling frame by means of hydraulic cylinders. A spray assembly is arranged on the folding frames.

[0014] The spray assembly includes a first water outlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe, a swing arm and a telescopic cylinder. The first water outlet pipe is arranged within the planting row spacing, and the first water outlet of the first water outlet pipe is adjacent to the ground. The axial direction of the second water outlet pipe is arranged horizontally. A group of second water outlets corresponding to the planting row spacings are arranged at intervals on the second water outlet pipe. The mounting ends of the swing arm and the second water outlet pipe are located within the same planting row spacing. The swing arm is hinged to the traveling frame to form an articulated axis. The mounting end of the second water outlet pipe is connected to the cantilevered end of the swing arm by means of a multi-axis reversing unit. The axial direction of the articulated axis is arranged perpendicular to the traveling direction of the traveling frame. The two ends of the telescopic cylinder are respectively connected to the traveling frame and the swing arm. The swing arm has the freedom to swing along the articulated axis by means of the telescopic cylinder.

[0015] The swing arm is provided with an auxiliary wheel, which is connected to the overhanging end of the swing arm by means of a parallelogram linkage mechanism. The auxiliary wheel has the freedom to rise and fall with the ups and downs of the land by means of the parallelogram linkage mechanism.

[0016] The multi-axis reversing unit includes a first driving wheel, a second driving wheel, a first transmission wheel, a second transmission wheel and a mounting plate. The first driving wheel and the second driving wheel are arranged perpendicularly to each other in the axial direction. The first driving wheel and the first transmission wheel are arranged on the swing arm for transmission connection. The second driving wheel and the second transmission wheel are arranged on the mounting plate for transmission connection. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the first transmission wheel, and the second water outlet pipe is coaxially connected to the second transmission wheel.

[0017] The first water outlet and the second water outlet are respectively provided with variable valves.

[0018] Taking the large trumpet stage of corn plants as the dividing line, the control method of the automatic irrigation equipment includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Before the corn plant reaches its flaring stage, close the first water outlet pipe and use the second water outlet pipe to spray the plot. The controller controls the second water outlet pipe to irrigate, fertilize or spray the corn plant within the planting row spacing.

[0020] S2. After the corn plant reaches the trumpet stage, the telescopic cylinder drives the swing arm to swing downward, and the second water outlet pipe is vertically arranged with the help of a multi-axis reversing unit, and the second water outlet faces the corn plant. The controller controls the second water outlet pipe to fertilize or spray the stems and leaves of the corn plant, and the controller controls the first water outlet pipe to irrigate within the planting row spacing.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses a monitoring unit to monitor soil moisture, climate and crop growth status, and transmits the monitored data to a controller. The controller analyzes the collected data to obtain a prediction of drought, rainfall or pests and diseases. The controller controls the automatic irrigation equipment to irrigate, fertilize or spray medicine in a timely and appropriate manner according to the crop water and fertilizer requirements and the pest and disease conditions, and sprays fertilizers or medicines on the leaves or roots of the crops as needed, effectively reducing the waste of water, fertilizers and medicines, and achieving the purpose of labor saving, high efficiency, water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving, and improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and the efficacy of medicines;

[0023] 2. The automatic irrigation equipment includes a first water outlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe arranged on a walking frame. The first water outlet pipe can directly irrigate the roots of crops in the middle and late stages of crop growth, reduce the impact of water on leaves, and reduce excessive leaves blocking water, prevent water from evaporating directly from the surface of leaves, so that water can be fully absorbed by the soil, and improve the utilization rate of water by crops; in the middle and late stages of crop growth, the second water outlet pipe is located in the planting row spacing in a vertical state with the help of a swing arm and a multi-axis reversing unit, and the second water outlet faces the crops, so that the stems of multiple rows of crops, the lower leaves and the back of the leaves can be sprayed with medicine, effectively improving the therapeutic effect of the medicine on the crops;

[0024] 3. The multi-axis reversing unit transmits the power between the first drive wheel and the first transmission wheel, and between the second drive wheel and the second transmission wheel, and cooperates with the swing of the swing arm, so that the second water outlet pipe can not only spray across multiple planting row spacings, but also be retracted into one planting row spacing to spray drugs on the stems and leaves of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1is a block diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the folding frame in a folded state;

[0028] Figure 4 It is the second water outlet pipe on the walking frame;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the local A in the middle;

[0030] In the accompanying drawings, 1. walking frame, 2. pipeline, 3. folding frame, 4. hydraulic cylinder, 5. first water outlet pipe, 6. second water outlet pipe, 7. swing arm, 8. telescopic cylinder, 9. second water outlet, 10. articulated shaft, 13. auxiliary wheel, 15. first driving wheel, 16. second driving wheel, 17. first transmission wheel, 18. second transmission wheel, 19. mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0032] A specific embodiment of the present invention relates to a multivariable controlled irrigation method for crop planting under a simulated environment, which comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Collect data on the growth environment and growth status of corn using a monitoring unit;

[0034] S2, the monitoring unit transmits the collected data to the controller;

[0035] S3, the controller analyzes the data collected by the monitoring unit and controls the automatic irrigation equipment to perform irrigation, fertilization or spraying;

[0036] The environmental data for corn production include temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation intensity and soil moisture, and the growth status includes chlorophyll content and leaf area index.

[0037] The monitoring unit includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a weather station and a camera unit. The soil temperature and humidity sensor is set in the soil of the plot, and the weather station and the camera unit are respectively set above the plot. The soil temperature and humidity sensor, the weather station and the camera unit are respectively connected to the data processing unit by signal. The soil temperature and humidity sensor monitors the temperature and humidity of the soil in the plot; the weather station is a micro weather station, which is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and solar radiation intensity of the crop growth environment; the camera unit is a camera, which is used to shoot the growth status of the crop, including chlorophyll content and leaf area index; and multi-spectral sensors can also be used to collect remote sensing multi-spectral data. The monitoring unit transmits the monitored data to the controller, which analyzes the collected data to obtain a prediction of drought, rainfall or pests and diseases, and controls the automatic irrigation equipment to irrigate, fertilize or spray medicine in a timely and appropriate manner according to the crop water and fertilizer requirements and pest and disease conditions, and spray fertilizers or drugs on the leaves or roots of the crops as needed, so as to achieve the purpose of saving labor, high efficiency, water saving, fertilizer saving, and drug saving, as well as improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and drug efficacy.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the automatic irrigation equipment includes a traveling frame 1 and a spray assembly arranged on the traveling frame 1. The liquid inlet end of the spray assembly is connected to the water supply end, the fertilizer supply end and the liquid supply end respectively by means of a pipe 2, and a valve is arranged on the pipe 2. The traveling frame 1 can use solar energy, electric energy and a gasoline and diesel engine as power to drive the traveling frame 1 to move. In this embodiment, four tires are arranged on the traveling frame 1, and the four tires are driven to move by a motor. The water supply end and the fertilizer supply end use variable frequency constant pressure water supply equipment to supply water and fertilizer to the spray assembly, and the spray system uses a diaphragm pump for liquid medicine to supply medicine.

[0039] Preferably, folding frames 3 are respectively hinged on both sides of the traveling frame 1, and the folding frames 3 have the freedom to swing along the traveling frame 1 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 4. A spray assembly is provided on the folding frame 3. Specifically, the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the folding frame 3 are respectively hinged to the traveling frame 1, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is hinged to the folding frame 3 by means of a hinge plate. Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 4 is extended, the folding frame 3 is unfolded from the traveling frame 1 and is flush with the traveling frame 1, and the spray assembly on the folding frame 3 is also connected to the water supply end, the fertilizer supply end and the liquid supply end by means of the pipeline 2; Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 4 is shortened so that the folding frame 3 can be folded up to adapt to plots of land with different widths.

[0040] Furthermore, the spray assembly includes a first water outlet pipe 5, a second water outlet pipe 6, a swing arm 7 and a telescopic cylinder 8. The first water outlet pipe 5 is arranged in each planting row spacing spanned by the walking frame 1, and the first water outlet of the first water outlet pipe 5 is adjacent to the ground. The axial direction of the second water outlet pipe 6 is arranged horizontally. A group of second water outlets 9 corresponding to the planting row spacings are arranged at intervals on the second water outlet pipe 6. The mounting ends of the swing arm 7 and the second water outlet pipe 6 are located in the same planting row spacing and are hinged to the walking frame 1 to form an articulated shaft 10. The mounting end of the second water outlet pipe 6 is connected to the cantilevered end of the swing arm 7 by means of a multi-axis reversing unit. The axial direction of the articulated shaft 10 is arranged perpendicular to the walking direction of the walking frame 1. The two ends of the telescopic cylinder 8 are respectively connected to the walking frame 1 and the swing arm 7. The swing arm 7 has the freedom to swing along the articulated shaft 10 by means of the telescopic cylinder 8. The second water outlet pipe 6 can be used to spray downward above the plant. When the second water outlet pipe 6 is horizontally arranged and sprays downward, the second water outlet 9 is arranged downward. When the crop plant is high and the leaf area is large, the first water outlet pipe 5 can be used to irrigate and fertilize the root of the crop as needed to prevent the leaves from blocking the water and fertilizer due to spraying from top to bottom, thereby reducing the utilization rate of water and fertilizer by the roots. Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, when it is necessary to spray the leaves, stems or back of the leaves at the bottom of the crop, the telescopic cylinder 8 drives the cantilevered end of the swing arm 7 to swing downward, and the multi-axis reversing unit drives the second water outlet pipe 6 to be vertically set within the planting row spacing, and the second water outlet 9 on the second water outlet pipe 6 is set toward the crop, and the second water outlet pipe 6 can be used to spray the crop with medicine. During the walking process of the walking frame 1, the second water outlet pipe 6 passes through the gaps between the crops, and the medicine can contact the leaves, stems or back of the leaves at the bottom of multiple rows of crops, so as to fully control pests and diseases and effectively reduce the amount of medicine applied.

[0041] Preferably, the first water outlet pipe 5 located in the same planting row spacing as the second water outlet pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the swing arm 7, and the first water outlet pipe 5 in the planting row spacing between two adjacent swing arms 7 hangs freely; the second water outlets 9 on each horizontally arranged second water outlet pipe 6 are connected in sequence with the corresponding arrangements of each planting row spacing. In this embodiment, three second water outlets 9 are arranged on the second water outlet pipe 6, which can spray into the three planting row spacings.

[0042] Furthermore, an auxiliary wheel 13 is provided on the cantilevered end of the swing arm 7, and the auxiliary wheel 13 is connected to the cantilevered end of the swing arm 7 by means of a parallelogram linkage mechanism. The auxiliary wheel 13 has the freedom to rise and fall with the ups and downs of the ground by means of the parallelogram linkage mechanism. When the swing arm 7 is in a downward swing state, the auxiliary wheel 13 contacts the ground, which can provide auxiliary support for the walking frame 1 and improve the stability of the walking frame 1.

[0043] Preferably, the multi-axis reversing unit comprises a first driving wheel 15, a second driving wheel 16, a first transmission wheel 17, a second transmission wheel 18 and a mounting plate 19, wherein the first driving wheel 15 and the second driving wheel 16 are arranged perpendicularly to each other in the axial direction, the first driving wheel 15 and the first transmission wheel 17 are arranged on the swing arm 7 for transmission connection, the second driving wheel 16 and the second transmission wheel 18 are arranged on the mounting plate 19 for transmission connection, the mounting plate 19 is fixedly connected to the first transmission wheel 17, and the second water outlet pipe 6 is coaxially connected to the second transmission wheel 18. When the swing arm 7 needs to be swung down and the second water outlet 9 is adjusted to face the crop, the first driving wheel 15 drives the first transmission wheel 17 to rotate so that the second water outlet pipe 6 is close to the swing arm 7, the second driving wheel 16 drives the second transmission wheel 18 to rotate so that the second water outlet 9 faces the crop on one side of the planting row spacing, and then the swing arm 7 is swung down so that the second water outlet pipe 6 enters the planting row spacing corresponding to its mounting end, and the second water outlets 9 on the second water outlet pipe 6 are arranged in sequence along the height direction and face the crop on one side of the planting row spacing.

[0044] The first water outlet and the second water outlet 9 are respectively provided with variable valves, which are connected to the controller. The controller obtains the required amount of water, fertilizer and medicine through calculation. The controller controls the walking speed of the walking frame 1 and the opening of the variable valve to match the water, fertilizer or medicine to be evenly sprayed in the plot.

[0045] Furthermore, telescopic cylinders 8 are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the traveling frame 1, and the telescopic cylinders 8 drive the swing arms 7 at the left and right ends of the traveling frame 1 to swing. The swing arms 7 arranged in the middle of the traveling frame 1 are fixedly connected to the swing arms 7 at the left and right ends of the traveling frame 1 by means of connecting rods. When the telescopic cylinders 8 drive the swing arms 7 at the left and right ends of the traveling frame 1 to swing, the swing arms 7 on the traveling frame 1 can achieve synchronous movement.

[0046] Because the corn plants are shorter and have smaller leaf areas before the large trumpet stage, water, fertilizer and medicine can cover the plants when sprayed from above, and water can also reach the roots of the plants smoothly; after the large trumpet stage, the corn plants are taller and the leaves block each other, and the fertilizer and medicine sprayed from above are difficult to reach the stems and lower leaves of the corn plants. Therefore, the large trumpet stage of the corn plants is used as the dividing line, and the control method of the automatic irrigation equipment includes the following steps:

[0047] S1, before the corn plant's trumpeting stage, close the first water outlet pipe 5, and use the second water outlet pipe 6 to spray the plot, and the controller controls the second water outlet pipe 6 to irrigate, fertilize or spray the corn plant within the planting row spacing;

[0048] S2. After the corn plant reaches the trumpet stage, the second water outlet pipe 6 moves closer to the swing arm 7 with the help of the multi-axis reversing unit. When the telescopic cylinder 8 drives the swing arm 7 to swing downward, the second water outlet pipe 6 is prevented from interfering with the corn plant, so that the second water outlet pipe 6 enters the planting row spacing. The second water outlet pipe 6 is vertically arranged in the planting row spacing with the help of the multi-axis reversing unit, and the second water outlet 9 faces the corn plant. When foliar fertilizer or medicine needs to be sprayed, the controller controls the second water outlet pipe 6 to fertilize or spray medicine on the stem and leaves of the corn plant; when irrigation is needed, the controller controls the first water outlet pipe 5 to directly irrigate the roots of the crops in the planting row spacing to prevent the second water outlet pipe 6 from causing damage to the stems or leaves of the crops due to excessive water output.

Claims

1. A multivariable controlled irrigation method for crop planting in a simulated environment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect data on the growth environment and growth status of corn using a monitoring unit; S2, the monitoring unit transmits the collected data to the controller; S3, the controller analyzes the data collected by the monitoring unit and controls the automatic irrigation equipment to perform irrigation, fertilization or spraying; The environmental data for corn production include temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, solar radiation intensity and soil moisture, and the growth status includes chlorophyll content and leaf area index.

2. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a weather station and a photographing unit. The soil temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the soil of the plot, and the weather station and the photographing unit are respectively arranged above the plot. The soil temperature and humidity sensor, the weather station and the photographing unit are respectively connected to the data processing unit signal.

3. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic irrigation equipment comprises a traveling frame (1) and a spray assembly arranged on the traveling frame (1); the liquid inlet end of the spray assembly is connected to a water supply end, a fertilizer supply end and a liquid supply end respectively by means of a pipeline (2); and a valve is arranged on the pipeline (2).

4. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Folding frames (3) are respectively hinged on both sides of the traveling frame (1); the folding frames (3) have the freedom to swing along the traveling frame (1) by means of a hydraulic cylinder (4); and a spray assembly is arranged on the folding frame (3).

5. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spray assembly comprises a first water outlet pipe (5), a second water outlet pipe (6), a swing arm (7) and a telescopic cylinder (8), wherein the first water outlet pipe (5) is arranged within the planting row spacing, the first water outlet of the first water outlet pipe (5) is adjacent to the ground, the axial direction of the second water outlet pipe (6) is arranged horizontally, a group of second water outlets (9) corresponding to the planting row spacing are arranged on the second water outlet pipe (6) at intervals, and the installation ends of the swing arm (7) and the second water outlet pipe (6) are located Within the same planting row spacing, the swing arm (7) is hinged with the traveling frame (1) to form an articulated shaft (10), the mounting end of the second water outlet pipe (6) is connected to the cantilevered end of the swing arm (7) by means of a multi-axis reversing unit, the axial direction of the articulated shaft (10) is arranged perpendicular to the traveling direction of the traveling frame (1), the two ends of the telescopic cylinder (8) are respectively connected to the traveling frame (1) and the swing arm (7), and the swing arm (7) has the freedom to swing along the articulated shaft (10) by means of the telescopic cylinder (8).

6. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The swing arm (7) is provided with an auxiliary wheel (13), and the auxiliary wheel (13) is connected to the overhanging end of the swing arm (7) by means of a parallelogram linkage mechanism. The auxiliary wheel (13) has the freedom to rise and fall with the ups and downs of the land by means of the parallelogram linkage mechanism.

7. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-axis reversing unit comprises a first driving wheel (15), a second driving wheel (16), a first transmission wheel (17), a second transmission wheel (18) and a mounting plate (19); the first driving wheel (15) and the second driving wheel (16) are arranged perpendicularly to each other in the axial direction; the first driving wheel (15) and the first transmission wheel (17) are arranged on a swing arm (7) for transmission connection; the second driving wheel (16) and the second transmission wheel (18) are arranged on the mounting plate (19) for transmission connection; the mounting plate (19) is fixedly connected to the first transmission wheel (17); and the second water outlet pipe (6) is coaxially connected to the second transmission wheel (18).

8. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first water outlet and the second water outlet (9) are respectively provided with variable valves.

9. The method for multivariable controlled irrigation of crops in a simulated environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: Taking the large trumpet stage of corn plants as the dividing line, the control method of the automatic irrigation equipment includes the following steps: S1. Before the corn plants reach the trumpet stage, the first water outlet pipe (5) is closed, and the second water outlet pipe (6) is used to spray the land. The controller controls the second water outlet pipe (6) to irrigate, fertilize or spray the corn plants within the planting row spacing. S2, after the corn plant reaches the trumpet stage, the telescopic cylinder (8) drives the swing arm (7) to swing downward, the second water outlet pipe (6) is arranged vertically with the aid of a multi-axis reversing unit, and the second water outlet (9) faces the corn plant. The controller controls the second water outlet pipe (6) to fertilize or spray the stem and leaves of the corn plant, and the controller controls the first water outlet pipe (5) to irrigate within the planting row spacing.

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