A multi-component charged particle detection system

Abstract

The present application provides a multi-component charged particle detection system, including a low-energy ion analyzer and a low-energy electron analyzer, the two analyzers respectively use the same FPGA control program; add component grouping measurement in the FPGA design to realize multi-component detection within a unit measurement time; add an instrument number interface in the interface to read the instrument number interface level; add a number identification and control module to identify the current instrument type and generate instrument identification parameters; to realize the collection of engineering parameters of different numbers when the instrument type is a low-energy ion analyzer or a low-energy electron analyzer; to control the reception of instructions that conform to the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located; and also to control the output of data packets that conform to the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located. The system of the present application can burn the same FPGA executable code on two different devices, the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, to realize the adaptation of FPGA configuration items.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the key technical field of space plasma detection, and specifically relates to a multi-component charged particle detection system. Background Art

[0002] Charged particle analyzer is one of the important components of space environment detectors. With the development and maturity of technology, the requirements for detector indicators in deep space exploration are gradually increasing, requiring charged particle analyzers to have large field of view and multi-component detection functions. Large field of view can be achieved by using multiple detectors distributed at different positions of the satellite for synchronous detection; multi-component detection can be achieved by using multiple detectors to detect different components separately, and a single device to detect different components in time to achieve multi-component detection. Large field of view / multi-component detection places extremely high demands on the FPGA design of the detector.

[0003] The low-energy ion analyzer and low-energy electron analyzer are important components of charged particle detectors, which can detect different components, mainly low-energy ions and low-energy electrons. The low-energy ion analyzer is used to measure positively charged ions and distinguish ions of different components, while the low-energy electron analyzer is used to measure negatively charged electrons. The charges detected by the two are of opposite polarity, requiring the hardware circuit to generate high voltages of opposite polarity. Therefore, the hardware circuits of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer cannot be combined, and two different stand-alone machines need to be designed to detect low-energy ions / low-energy electrons. The functions and performance of the FPGA configuration items of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer are similar, but there are differences in the external interfaces.

[0004] The low-energy ion analyzer currently developed cannot distinguish the composition of ions in space, and the FPGA configuration items of the low-energy ion analyzer are independent of the FPGA configuration items of the low-energy electron analyzer. The two instruments are equipped with: FPGA configuration item managers, designers, and testers. The design and testing of instrument FPGA configuration items have poor consistency and consume a lot of manpower and development costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the defects that the detection components of existing low-energy ion analyzers and low-energy electron analyzers have a single function; the FPGA configuration items of each device are independently developed, resulting in excessive maintenance of FPGA configuration items.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present application proposes a multi-component charged particle detection system, including a low-energy ion analyzer and a low-energy electron analyzer;

[0007] The low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer have different instrument numbers in the communication protocol with the external device;

[0008] Adding an instrument number interface to the interface of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, for reading the instrument number interface level;

[0009] A number identification and control module is added to the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, which is used to obtain the instrument number interface level from the instrument number interface, identify the current instrument type, and generate instrument identification parameters; it is used to control the engineering parameter acquisition module to realize the acquisition of engineering parameters of different numbers when the instrument type is a low-energy ion analyzer or a low-energy electron analyzer; it is used to control the data receiving, parsing and response module to receive instructions that comply with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located, record errors when receiving instructions from other instruments, and ignore the instructions; it is also used to control the data packaging and sending module to output data packets that comply with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located.

[0010] As an improvement of the above system, when the instrument type is a low-energy ion analyzer, 16 engineering parameters are collected, and when the instrument type is a low-energy electron analyzer, 12 engineering parameters are collected.

[0011] As an improvement of the above system, it also includes:

[0012] A timing control function is added to the scientific data acquisition module of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, and the minimum detection time unit is divided into multiple component detection time units. The high-voltage circuit output gated high-voltage switch is controlled to have different durations in different time units to achieve detection of different components.

[0013] As an improvement of the above system, it also includes:

[0014] The interfaces of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer also include: a crystal oscillator, an SRAM interface, an MRAM interface, a multi-way switch interface, an AD conversion circuit interface, an asynchronous serial RS422 interface, a high-voltage power supply control interface, a DA conversion interface, a preamplifier interface and a flight time measurement chip interface.

[0015] As an improvement of the above system, it also includes:

[0016] The FPGA modules of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer also include: a scientific data acquisition module, a scientific data processing module, a working parameter table reading and writing module, a high-voltage power supply control module, a preamplifier threshold adjustment module, a preamplifier test signal output module and a system timekeeping and timing control module.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are:

[0018] 1. The present invention innovatively adds a timing control function, and combines the principle that the switch gate duration of the gate-controlled high-voltage circuit can control the entry of ions of a certain component, divides the minimum detection time unit into multiple component detection time units, and controls the high-voltage circuit to output different gate-controlled high-voltage switch durations in different time units, thereby realizing the detection of different components;

[0019] 2. The present invention adds instrument number identification and control functions, adopts hardware interface circuit and FPGA configuration item collaborative design, realizes FPGA configuration item self-adaptation, and FPGA configuration item recognizes the current single machine by reading instrument number interface level, controls "injection instruction reception, analysis and response", "engineering parameter collection", "data packaging and sending" function modules to perform related functions according to the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located. It effectively avoids the waste of human resources, reduces the development cost of FPGA configuration items, and improves the consistency of FPGA configuration item operation of multiple devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Shown is a block diagram of the interface between the low energy ion analyzer, the low energy electron analyzer and the load management unit;

[0021] Figure 2 Shown is a block diagram of the external interface of FPGA for multi-component charged particle detection;

[0022] Figure 3 Shown is a functional diagram of an FPGA product for multi-component charged particle detection;

[0023] Figure 4 Shown is a component detection timing diagram of an FPGA for multi-component charged particle detection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The multi-component charged particle detection system provided by the present application is based on the improvement of the existing low-energy ion analyzer and low-energy electron analyzer, and a multi-device autonomous identification and execution function module is added to the FPGA therein, which overcomes the problems that the FPGA configuration items of multiple charged particle analyzers are currently designed independently, resulting in poor consistency of design status and waste of human resources. In the present application, the hardware circuits of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer are respectively designed with instrument number ID interfaces. After the FPGA is powered on and reset, it actively reads the instrument number ID interface level, identifies the current single machine and generates an instrument number, executes each function module according to the FPGA requirement specification, and communicates according to the external communication protocol.

[0026] The low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer in the multi-component charged particle detection system provided by the present application use the improved FPGA of the present application internally, and the original unresolvable ion components in ion detection are changed to the detection of components such as hydrogen ions (H+), helium ions (He++, He+), and oxygen ions (O++). At the same time, the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer share the FPGA configuration items, as shown in Table 1, the number of FPGA designers is changed from 2 to 1, the number of ground inspection designers is changed from 2 to 1, the number of stand-alone testers is changed from 2 to 1, the number of design / test equipment is changed from 2 sets to 1 set, and the outsourcing cost of third-party evaluation of FPGA configuration items is reduced to 1 / 2 of the original, which not only reduces the outsourcing funds and design / test equipment, and saves a lot of manpower, but also the internal functions, performance, and interfaces of the two instruments are implemented by the same FPGA program, with a high degree of consistency.

[0027] Table 1 Comparison of workload before and after using the FPGA improved by this application

[0028]

[0029] In this embodiment, the low-energy ion analyzer is responsible for detecting the composition, energy, direction and flux of ions in the space environment; the low-energy electron analyzer is responsible for detecting the energy, direction and flux of electrons in the space environment. The two instruments have independent functions and have independent interfaces with the payload management unit (PMU). The low-energy ion analyzer, low-energy electron analyzer and payload management unit are all independent devices, each of which has an FPGA inside.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the interfaces between the load management unit and the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer include: a power supply interface, an analog telemetry interface, and an asynchronous serial RS422 communication interface, and the hardware interface circuit design status is completely consistent.

[0031] The load management unit provides primary power to the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer through the power supply interface; collects the analog telemetry input of the two instruments through the analog telemetry interface; and communicates with the two devices through the asynchronous serial RS422 communication interface. To distinguish the two instruments, the instrument identification (instrument number) in the RS422 communication protocol of the PMU and the two instruments is different, and the functions of the two instruments are exactly the same. Table 2 shows the statistical table of the differences between the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer.

[0032] Table 2 Statistical table of differences between low energy ion analyzer and low energy electron analyzer

[0033]

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the external interfaces of the FPGA configuration items for multi-component charged particle detection include: crystal oscillator, SRAM interface, MRAM interface, multi-way switch interface, AD conversion circuit interface, asynchronous serial RS422 interface, high-voltage power supply control interface, DA conversion interface, preamplifier interface, flight time measurement chip interface, instrument number interface. Among them, the instrument number interface is a new interface added in this application, and the other interfaces are interfaces of the original FPGA configuration items.

[0035] The FPGA configuration items for multi-component charged particle detection include 11 functional modules. The functional module descriptions are shown in Table 3. The top-level data flow modules of each function are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0036] Table 3 Functional description of 11 functional modules of FPGA configuration items

[0037]

[0038] Among them, the instrument number identification and control module is a newly added module in this application, and the other modules are modules of the original FPGA configuration items.

[0039] The FPGA configuration items for multi-component charged particle detection include power-on reset and initialization design, normal detection cycle operation design, and command reception design as follows:

[0040] 1) Power-on reset and initialization

[0041] When the FPGA used for multi-component charged particle detection starts working, the instrument is powered on. After the loading program is completed, the FPGA will reset each module for 2 seconds. The reset process: the reset signal becomes a low level, and each state machine and register completes the reset according to the FPGA program design.

[0042] An instrument number identification and control module is added to the FPGA configuration item for multi-component charged particle detection. After the instrument is turned on and the power-on reset is completed, the module actively reads the instrument number interface level, identifies the current instrument, and generates "instrument identification" parameters. The "acquisition parameters" are used to control the engineering parameter acquisition module to realize the low-energy ion analyzer to collect 16 engineering parameters and the low-energy electron analyzer to collect 12 engineering parameters; the "instrument identification" is used to control the data receiving, parsing and response module to receive instructions that are consistent with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located, record errors when receiving instructions from other instruments, and ignore the instructions; the "instrument number / packaging information" is used to control the data packaging and sending module to output data packets that are consistent with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located.

[0043] 2) Normal detection cycle operation

[0044] The working cycle of the FPGA used for multi-component charged particle detection is 2s, and the working cycle is started by the scientific data acquisition command sent by the PMU through RS422. After receiving the scientific data acquisition command from the PMU, the command receiving, parsing and response module starts a detection cycle and controls the data packaging and sending module to send the scientific data and engineering parameters of the previous working cycle. In a detection cycle, the FPGA control working parameter table read and write module reads the data in the MRAM in turn and updates the internal instrument control parameters (timing control parameters, high voltage parameters, data preprocessing parameters, compression flags). The system timekeeping and timing control module controls the instrument operation timing according to the timing control parameters read from the MRAM, and realizes the time-sharing detection of ions / electrons of different components; the high-voltage power supply control module controls the operation of the high-voltage circuit according to the high-voltage parameters, and outputs the high voltage required by the sensor; the preamplifier threshold adjustment module configures the DA output preamplifier threshold according to the threshold parameters, and the scientific data acquisition module performs azimuth grouping, mass grouping, energy channel grouping, and pitch angle grouping pre-processing on the collected flight time data according to the data pre-processing parameters, and then outputs the data to the scientific data processing module; the scientific data processing module performs logarithmic and lossless compression on the scientific data according to the compression flag, and outputs the processed data to the data packaging and sending module, and the data packaging and sending module stores it in the external SRAM. In each working cycle, FPGA controls the engineering parameter acquisition module to acquire analog engineering parameters according to the acquisition parameter information, and caches the engineering parameters in the FPGA internal RAM. After FPGA receives the scientific data acquisition instruction again, it starts a new working cycle and packages the scientific data and engineering parameters cached in the previous working cycle according to the instrument number and data packaging protocol given by the instrument number identification and control module, and sends the data to PMU through RS422. The FPGA workflow cycles in sequence according to the above process. When FPGA receives the scientific data acquisition instruction sent by PMU for the first time after it is turned on, it does not send data and only starts one cycle of work.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, in an FPGA for multi-component charged particle detection, each detection cycle includes multiple minimum detection units, and each detection unit is configured with different pitch angle control high voltages and energy channel control high voltages to achieve scanning detection of pitch angles and energy channels. In the present invention, the minimum detection unit is further divided into different component detection units, and the principle that the switching gate duration of the gate-controlled high-voltage circuit can control the entry of ions of a certain component is combined to achieve detection of different components. Specific implementation scheme: First, according to the principle that the switching gate duration of the gate-controlled high-voltage circuit can control the entry of ions of a certain component, the time T1 required for ions of different components to pass through a fixed length of the gated area and the time T2 of a fixed length of the free flight area are simulated and calculated, and the time parameters (T1, T2) obtained by the simulation are written into the MRAM as high-voltage parameters and data preprocessing parameters. The scientific data acquisition module divides the minimum detection time unit into multiple component detection time units. In each time unit, the high-voltage power supply control module controls the gate opening time of the gated high voltage according to the high-voltage parameters, that is, allows the target ions to enter the detection area. The scientific data acquisition module measures the ions of the target mass group according to the data preprocessing parameters in different component detection time units, and transmits the detection data groups to the scientific data processing module, ultimately realizing multi-component detection.

[0046] 3) Command reception

[0047] The scientific data acquisition instructions sent by the PMU are used to control the instrument to start a new working cycle. The instrument's working cycle is 2s. When the scientific data acquisition instruction interval is greater than 2s, the FPGA starts a new working cycle each time according to the received scientific data acquisition instructions and sends data packets at the same time. When the scientific data acquisition instruction interval is less than 2s, the FPGA ignores the scientific data acquisition instructions received within 2s.

[0048] The FPGA can receive and parse the injected data instructions sent by the PMU at any time, and complete the response within the specified time. If the instruction is correct, the response is correct, and if the instruction is wrong, the response is wrong. After receiving the injected data test signal parameters sent by the PMU, the FPGA can control the test signal output. After receiving the injected data MRAM write parameters sent by the PMU, the instrument control parameters (timing control parameters, high voltage parameters, data preprocessing parameters, compression flags) can be written into the MRAM. When the FPGA is powered on for the first time, before injecting the scientific data acquisition instruction to start the working cycle, the MRAM parameter writing should be completed first, and the data in the MRAM will not be lost when the power is off.

[0049] The instrument has an injection control working mode and a working parameter table control mode. When working in the working parameter table control mode, the high-voltage circuit control and preamplifier threshold control of the instrument are both controlled by parameters in the MRAM. When receiving high-voltage enable setting and threshold setting instructions, the FPGA only receives but does not execute them.

[0050] The instrument works in injection control mode. After receiving the injection data sent by PMU, the high voltage enable setting parameter can control the high voltage circuit output to set the high voltage. After receiving the injection data threshold setting parameter sent by PMU, the DA output preamplifier threshold voltage can be controlled.

[0051] The FPGA does not respond to the time code command sent by the PMU after receiving it, and it is only used to update the time information of the system timekeeping and timing control module.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are not intended to limit it. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present application does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-component charged particle detection system, including a low-energy ion analyzer and a low-energy electron analyzer; It is characterized in that The low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer have different instrument numbers in the communication protocol with the external device; Adding an instrument number interface to the interface of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, for reading the instrument number interface level; A number identification and control module is added to the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, which is used to obtain the instrument number interface level from the instrument number interface, identify the current instrument type, and generate instrument identification parameters; it is used to control the engineering parameter acquisition module to realize the acquisition of engineering parameters of different numbers when the instrument type is a low-energy ion analyzer or a low-energy electron analyzer; it is used to control the data receiving, parsing and response module to receive instructions that comply with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located, record errors when receiving instructions from other instruments, and ignore the instructions; it is also used to control the data packaging and sending module to output data packets that comply with the device where the current FPGA configuration item is located.

2. The multi-component charged particle detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the instrument type is a low-energy ion analyzer, 16 engineering parameters are collected; when the instrument type is a low-energy electron analyzer, 12 engineering parameters are collected.

3. The multi-component charged particle detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A timing control function is added to the scientific data acquisition module of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer, and the minimum detection time unit is divided into multiple component detection time units. The high-voltage circuit output gated high-voltage switch is controlled to have different durations in different time units to achieve detection of different components.

4. The multi-component charged particle detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The interfaces of the FPGA of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer also include: a crystal oscillator, an SRAM interface, an MRAM interface, a multi-way switch interface, an AD conversion circuit interface, an asynchronous serial RS422 interface, a high-voltage power supply control interface, a DA conversion interface, a preamplifier interface and a flight time measurement chip interface.

5. The multi-component charged particle detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The FPGA modules of the low-energy ion analyzer and the low-energy electron analyzer also include: a scientific data acquisition module, a scientific data processing module, a working parameter table reading and writing module, a high-voltage power supply control module, a preamplifier threshold adjustment module, a preamplifier test signal output module and a system timekeeping and timing control module.

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