Biological replacement control method for inhibiting invasion of flaveria bidentis

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological replacement control method for inhibiting the invasion of flaveria bidentis, and relates to the technical field of biological control, and the method comprises the following steps: planting artemisia annua and pennisetum hydridum in a mixed manner in an ecological system in which flaveria bidentis is invaded or easily invaded, thereby inhibiting the growth and development of flaveria bidentis, and realizing the recovery of the ecological system. Test results show that the artemisia annua and the pennisetum hydridum have the ability to play a key role in an ecological system in which flaveria bidentis is easily invaded or invaded. In northern drought spring, mixed planting of artemisia annua and pennisetum hydridum can effectively inhibit growth of flaveria bidentis and occupy the ecological niche of flaveria bidentis, so that the plant height, biomass and flower bud number of flaveria bidentis are remarkably reduced. The method provides a solid basic guarantee for alternative prevention and treatment of alien invasive species flaveria bidentis and restoration and sustainable treatment of a damaged ecological system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, and in particular to a biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbread. Background Art

[0002] Biological invasions are considered to be one of the main causes of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide. Flaveria bidentis, also known as two-toothed yellow chrysanthemum, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Flaveria of the family Asteraceae, native to South America. Flaveria bidentis can quickly invade farmland, orchards, woodlands, rivers, embankments and other areas due to its large fruiting capacity, small and light seeds, and easy spread. It often covers large areas and is a malignant invasive plant, which urgently needs effective measures for prevention, control and management.

[0003] At present, the main methods for controlling yellow tops include physical control, chemical control and biological control. Physical control is one of the most effective control methods, but it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, is inefficient, and is not suitable for areas with serious damage and large areas. Chemical control uses the lethal herbicides glyphosate and paraquat to have a good effect on the control of yellow tops, but chemical control has poor control effects on seeds in the soil, cannot eradicate yellow tops, and poses a threat to human health and non-target species. Biological control uses natural enemies or pathogenic microorganisms to control yellow tops, but it cannot completely and effectively eradicate yellow tops.

[0004] Substitution control is considered to be an effective measure to control the invasion of alien invasive plants and maintain the health and stable development of the ecological environment. Some scholars have studied the competitive effects of native plants on invasive plants and found that the use of a mixture of native plants with different functional traits can effectively inhibit the growth, development and spread of invasive plants.

[0005] The combined use of plants such as Amorphafruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, Coronillavaria, Poa pravensis and Helianthus tuberosus can effectively control the germination and growth of the alien invasive plant ragweed. The dense vegetation formed by Syngonium podophllum and Cuphea hyssopifolia has also shown initial results in controlling the invasive plant cat's claw vine (Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry). At present, researchers have used plants such as sorghum, astragalus and cosmos to inhibit yellow tops. Although they have a certain control effect on yellow tops, their application range is narrow. In view of the diversity of my country's geographical environment, different biological alternatives must be explored to effectively control the alien invasive species yellow tops, while promoting the recovery of damaged ecosystems and the optimal utilization of plant resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an effective and sustainable method for controlling the invasion of the alien organism Flaveria bidentis and effectively curbing its spread, thereby achieving ecological restoration and the improvement of plant resources. Specifically, the present invention provides a biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme, and specifically provides a biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbread, which is: by mixed planting of Artemisia annua and King bamboo grass in an ecosystem that has been invaded or is prone to invasion by Flaverbread, the growth and development of Flaverbread is inhibited, thereby achieving the recovery of the ecosystem.

[0008] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the Artemisia annua is sown and planted in a spot sowing manner. During the spot sowing and planting, the sowing depth of the Artemisia annua seeds is 1 cm-3 cm.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the King Grass is sown and planted in an asexual reproduction manner, specifically, the stem nodes of the King Grass are used for transplanting and planting, and the transplanting and planting depth of the stem nodes of the King Grass is 2cm-3cm.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the method of using the stem nodes of King Bamboo Grass for transplanting and planting comprises: selecting mature and healthy stem nodes, each node having at least one bud point, sterilizing the stem nodes and then pre-seeding them, the pre-seeding time is March, and transplanting and planting one month after pre-seeding;

[0011] The pre-seedling process is to place the sterilized stem nodes obliquely into the soil, cover the soil and water them sufficiently, and the pre-seedling process is completed after germination after 7-10 days.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the planting density of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum chinense is 2-4 plants / m 2 The planting row spacing of the Artemisia annua is 30cm-35cm, and the planting row spacing of the King grass is 30cm-50cm.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the mixed planting ratio of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum melongena is (1-2): (1-2).

[0014] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the type of ecosystem that Flaverbinder is susceptible to invading is wasteland without large-scale vegetation coverage, and the average annual herbaceous vegetation coverage is 40-70%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0016] The present invention introduces Artemisia annua and Pennisetum to conduct alternative control tests on Flaveria bidentis. The test results show that Artemisia annua and Pennisetum are fully capable of playing a key role in the ecosystem that Flaveria bidentis is prone to invade or has invaded. In the dry spring in the north, mixed planting of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum can effectively curb the growth of Flaveria bidentis and occupy its ecological niche, so that the plant height, biomass and number of flower buds of Flaveria bidentis are significantly reduced. The present invention provides a solid foundation for alternative control of the alien invasive species Flaveria bidentis and the restoration and sustainable management of the ecosystem.

[0017] In addition, the present invention has found that the mixed planting of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum can effectively inhibit the growth of Flaveria bidentis, and has the application effect of resisting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis to achieve biological control. In addition, by adjusting the planting ratio between the control plants, the biomass of Pennisetum can be increased to a certain extent, providing a material basis for realizing the high-value and efficient utilization of Pennisetum biomass resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental treatment design provided by the present invention (in the figure: A represents Flaveria bidentata; B represents Artemisia annua; C represents Pennisetum melongena). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above application content.

[0020] The present invention provides a biological substitution method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis, and the method specifically adopts Artemisia annua and / or Pennisetum for biological substitution. In the present invention, the term "biological substitution method" refers to a method in which the growth and development of another one or more plants in the same growth environment are inhibited by planting one or more plants, so that the "one or more plants" replace the "other one or more plants" in the same growth environment. This biological substitution method is a biological control method for the replaced plants. In the present invention, the replaced plant is Flaveria bidentis, and the plants used to replace Flaveria bidentis are Artemisia annua and / or Pennisetum.

[0021] Artemisia annua L., also known as Artemisia annua, is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Artemisia in the Asteraceae family. It is multi-branched, hairless, bright green and fragrant. The whole plant is used as medicine, which has the effects of cooling blood, relieving deficiency fever and relieving summer heat. It is the main raw material of the antimalarial drug artemisinin and can be used to treat malaria and other diseases. Artemisia annua has a wide ecological adaptability, is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, grows rapidly and has strong interspecific competition ability. It is commonly found on roadsides, wastelands and hillsides.

[0022] The Pennisetum hydridum selected for the present invention is also known as hybrid foxtail grass, which is a perennial triploid grass plant belonging to the C4 plant, and has the characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency, fast growth, high yield, wide adaptability, etc. In addition, it also has the characteristics of rich nutrition, developed root system, long grass supply period, and strong stress resistance. As a fast-growing lignocellulose raw material, Pennisetum hydridum not only performs well in the energy industry, but is also widely used as an environmental restoration material and high-quality forage.

[0023] When the present invention uses Artemisia annua and / or Pennisetum chinense as a biological substitute for Flaveria bidentis, the planting method, planting time, planting row spacing, planting depth, planting density and post-maintenance are described as follows:

[0024] Regarding the planting method, the method of the present invention has no particular limitation on the sowing method of Artemisia annua, and can adopt, for example, row sowing, spot sowing or broadcasting, etc. However, considering comprehensively from the aspects of more fully inhibiting the growth of Flaveria bidentis and facilitating the harvest of Artemisia annua, spot sowing is preferably adopted for planting. For King bamboo grass, due to its low seed germination rate, asexual reproduction is adopted, i.e., stem nodes are used for transplanting and planting.

[0025] Regarding the planting time, the method of the present invention has no particular restrictions on the planting time of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum, as long as the climatic conditions are suitable for the emergence and growth of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum. The growth of Flaveria bidentis seedlings is slow. In the northern region, the emergence time of Flaveria bidentis is about late April. Artemisia annua can emerge 20 days earlier than Flaveria bidentis. Artemisia annua can generally form a dominant population before the emergence of Flaveria bidentis, thereby inhibiting the growth of Flaveria bidentis. Pennisetum is usually pre-seedled in February-May, and can be transplanted and planted about one month after the pre-seedling. The time of transplanting is generally in March-June. For ease of operation, the planting time of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum is preferably early April.

[0026] Regarding the planting spacing, the method of the present invention has no particular limitation. From the perspective of more fully inhibiting the growth of Flaveria bidentata and facilitating the growth of Artemisia annua and King grass, the row spacing for spot sowing of Artemisia annua is preferably 30cm-35cm, and the spacing when King grass is transplanted is generally preferably 30-50cm. For ease of operation, the planting spacing of Artemisia annua and King grass is preferably 30cm.

[0027] Regarding the planting depth, if the sowing depth is too shallow, it may not be conducive to the fixation of the roots of Artemisia annua and King grass, thus affecting the later growth of Artemisia annua and King grass. The sowing depth of Artemisia annua is generally 1cm-3cm, and the depth of King grass during transplanting is generally 2cm-3cm.

[0028] Regarding the planting density, if the selected planting density is too small, it may not be conducive to the inhibition of Flaveria bidentis; if the planting density is too large, it may not be conducive to the growth of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum. The planting density of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum in the method of the present invention is preferably 2-4 plants / m 2 .

[0029] Regarding the later maintenance, the present invention has no particular limitation, and conventional field methods can be used to maintain and manage Artemisia annua and Pennisetum. Note that human activities unrelated to ecosystem management should be strictly prohibited in the test area, especially trampling, fertilization or mowing by humans and animals, to avoid these activities from having adverse effects on plant growth and interspecific competition, and to ensure the reliability of the results of the alternative control test.

[0030] The present invention is described below in conjunction with specific alternative control tests.

[0031] 1. Test materials

[0032] Mature seeds of Artemisia annua with high density and tall plants from the natural growth areas of Flaveria bidentis and the weeds associated with Flaveria bidentis were collected and stored at room temperature after purification. In addition, King Grass was selected for alternative control experiments. Since the germination rate of King Grass seeds is low, asexual reproduction is adopted, that is, stem nodes are used for planting. Mature and healthy stem nodes are selected, and each node has at least one bud point. After disinfection, pre-seedling is carried out. The pre-seedling time is March. The stem nodes are placed obliquely in the soil, covered with soil and watered enough. It will germinate in about 7 to 10 days. Transplanting can be carried out about one month after pre-seedling.

[0033] 2. Test location

[0034] The test site is the experimental field of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which belongs to the wasteland, grassland and farmland ecosystem, without large vegetation coverage, and the average annual herbaceous vegetation coverage is about 40-70%, which is an ecosystem type that is easily invaded by Flaveria bidentis. Before the planting test, since the experimental field has not been invaded by Flaveria bidentis, only the land leveling operation is required. After the land preparation, the experimental field is fully watered to ensure the soil is moist.

[0035] 3. Experimental treatment design

[0036] Several 1m×1m planting plots were planned in the experimental field. Flaveria bidentis, Artemisia annua and Pennisetum were used as experimental materials. Three planting patterns were adopted: single planting of Flaveria bidentis, mixed planting of Flaveria bidentis with Artemisia annua or Pennisetum, and mixed planting of Flaveria bidentis with Artemisia annua and Pennisetum. The total planting density in each planting pattern was 6 plants / m 2 In addition, different mixed planting ratios were set for the mixed planting mode. The specific experimental treatment design is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 As shown, A represents Flaveria bidentata; B represents Artemisia annua; and C represents King grass.

[0037] Table 1. Experimental treatment design table

[0038]

[0039] 4. Planting and post-management

[0040] The planting work of each treatment group was carried out according to the experimental treatment design disclosed in step 3. Among them, the planting methods of Flavescentis and Artemisia annua were both spot sowing, and the planting was carried out in early April. To ensure uniform distribution of seeds, the seeds of Flavescentis and Artemisia annua were mixed with fine river sand at a ratio of 1:10, and evenly sown on the surface soil of the experimental field, and then covered with a thin layer of soil with a thickness of 1 cm to facilitate seed germination and growth. The planting method of King bamboo grass was to use stem nodes for planting. In early April, the stem nodes that had been pre-seedled and sprouted were transplanted and planted. The depth of the pit dug during transplanting and planting was 2 cm. After the stem nodes were placed in the pit, they were covered with thin soil and filled to facilitate the growth of the stem nodes.

[0041] Since the test field is located in the north where spring is dry and rainy, an electric sprayer is used to spray every other day within two weeks after planting to keep the soil moist, and no fertilizer is applied during the plant growth period. Note that human activities unrelated to ecosystem management are strictly prohibited in the test field area, especially trampling by humans and animals, fertilization or mowing, to avoid these activities from having adverse effects on plant growth and interspecific competition, and to ensure the reliability of the results of the alternative control test. In addition to the above requirements, maintenance can be carried out according to conventional field management methods.

[0042] 5. Determination of relevant growth indicators of Flaveria bidentis

[0043] The alternative control experiment lasted until September of that year. In early September, the plant height, number of flower buds and biomass of Flaveria bidentata under different planting patterns were measured.

[0044] The determination methods of plant height, number of flower buds and biomass of Flaveria bidentis in each treatment group are as follows:

[0045] (1) Plant height: The plant height of the Flaveria bidentata in each treatment group was measured with a tape measure, and the average plant height of the Flaveria bidentata in each treatment group was calculated (in cm).

[0046] (2) Number of flower buds: The number of flower buds of Flaveria bidentata in each treatment group was manually counted, and the average number of flower buds of Flaveria bidentata in each treatment group was calculated (unit: piece).

[0047] (3) The biomass of Flaveria bidentis was measured as follows: the entire Flaveria bidentis plant of each treatment group was dug out from the soil, rinsed with clean water, the roots remaining in the water were picked out with tweezers, the Flaveria bidentis was separated according to roots, stems and leaves, and the mass was measured after being sterilized at 105°C for 2 hours and then dried at 65°C for 72 hours. The total biomass was the sum of the biomass of the roots, stems and leaves of Flaveria bidentis. Based on the total biomass of Flaveria bidentis in each treatment group, the average biomass of each treatment group was calculated in g.

[0048] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2. Plant height, number of flower buds and biomass of Flaveria bidentis under different planting patterns

[0050]

[0051] Note: The numbers in the planting pattern represent different planting densities, and the letters represent different plants.

[0052] It can be seen from Table 2 that when Artemisia annua or Pennisetum is used alone as a biological substitute for Flaveria topici, the average plant height, average number of flower buds and average biomass of Flaveria topici are significantly lower than those of Flaver topici planted alone. It can also be seen from the table that the degree of decrease in the average plant height, average number of flower buds and average biomass of Flaver topici is also correlated with the mixed planting ratio of Flaver topici and Artemisia annua or Pennisetum.

[0053] It can also be seen from Table 2 that the biological substitution effect of the two plants of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum on Flavescentia bidentis is better than that of Artemisia annua or Pennisetum alone. As for Artemisia annua, it has the characteristics of rapid growth, drought resistance, barrenness resistance, and earlier emergence time than Flavescentia bidentis, and shows a strong survival competitive advantage in the invasion zone of Flavescentia bidentis, thereby inhibiting the growth of Flavescentia bidentis seedlings. As for Pennisetum bidentis, it has a well-developed root system, rapid growth and strong stress resistance, and has a spatial position advantage that can compete with Flavescentia bidentis and thus inhibit the growth of Flavescentia bidentis. In addition, due to the differences in the growth and development stages of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum bidentis, in the months of April to September when the temperature is suitable, the two can continuously emerge to form a mixed population coexisting in different growth stages and occupy the ecological niche of Flavescentia bidentis. This diversified population structure is particularly ideal for inhibiting the growth of Flavescentia bidentis in the later stage, and then the mixed planting of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum bidentis can successfully achieve effective control of the invasion of the alien harmful plant Flavescentia bidentis.

[0054] In addition, it can be seen from Table 2 that there is a certain correlation between the different mixed ratios of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum and the biological substitution effect of Flaveria bidentis. The optimal inhibitory effect on Flaveria bidentis can be achieved by adjusting the different mixed ratios of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum.

[0055] In order to explore the changes in the biomass of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum when they were biologically substituted for Flaveria bidentis. Furthermore, at the end of the replacement control experiment, the biomass of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum were measured according to the method consistent with the biomass measurement of Flaveria bidentis, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3. Biomass determination of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum chinense under different planting patterns

[0057]

[0058] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that under the mixed planting mode of Artemisia annua and Flaveria bidentis, it can be seen that under the premise of unchanged total planting density, increasing the planting density of Artemisia annua has a positive significance for increasing its own biomass. Under the mixed planting mode of Pennisetum odoratum and Flaveria bidentis, it can be seen that under the premise of unchanged total planting density, increasing the planting density of Pennisetum odoratum also has a positive significance for increasing its own biomass.

[0059] In addition, from the planting pattern of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum interplanted with Flaveria bidentata, for example, compared with the 4A2C group, it can be seen that the planting density of Pennisetum is 2 plants / m 2 Under these conditions, adjusting the planting density of Flavescentis and Artemisia annua has a positive significance for increasing the biomass of Pennisetum, while ensuring the growth inhibition effect on Flavescentis. On the contrary, in the 3A2B1C group and the 4A2B group, the planting density of Artemisia annua was 2 plants / m 2 , the planting density of Flaveria bidentis and Pennisetum was adjusted, the biomass of Artemisia annua did not change significantly, but the growth inhibition effect of 3A2B1C group on Flaveria bidentis was slightly better than that of 3A1B2C group. In summary, it can be seen that the mixed planting of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum can effectively inhibit the growth inhibition of Flaveria bidentis, and has the application effect of resisting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis to achieve biological control. By adjusting the planting density between plants, the biomass of Pennisetum can also be increased, which provides a material basis for realizing the high-value and efficient utilization of Pennisetum biomass resources.

[0060] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: by planting Artemisia annua and Pennisetum scabra mixedly in an ecosystem that has been invaded or is prone to be invaded by Flaveria bidentis, the growth and development of Flaveria bidentis is inhibited, thereby achieving the restoration of the ecosystem.

2. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbinders according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Artemisia annua is sown and planted in a spot-seeding manner. During the spot-seeding and planting, the sowing depth of the Artemisia annua seeds is 1 cm-3 cm.

3. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The King Grass is planted by sowing in an asexual propagation method, specifically by transplanting the stem nodes, and the transplanting depth of the King Grass stem nodes is 2cm-3cm.

4. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbinder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for transplanting and planting using the stem nodes of King bamboo grass comprises: selecting mature and healthy stem nodes, each node having at least one bud point, sterilizing the stem nodes and then pre-seeding them, the pre-seeding time being in March, and transplanting and planting one month after the pre-seeding; The pre-seedling process is to place the sterilized stem nodes obliquely into the soil, cover the soil and water them sufficiently, and the pre-seedling process is completed after germination after 7-10 days.

5. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum chinense is 2-4 plants / m 2 The planting row spacing of the Artemisia annua is 30cm-35cm, and the planting row spacing of the King grass is 30cm-50cm.

6. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaverbinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed planting ratio of Artemisia annua and Pennisetum melongena is (1-2): (1-2).

7. A biological alternative control method for inhibiting the invasion of Flaveria bidentis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The type of ecosystem that Flaverbinder easily invades is wasteland without large vegetation coverage, and the average annual herbaceous vegetation coverage is 40-70%.

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