High and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and method based on biological solidification technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on a biological solidification technology. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure comprises a rock slope body, anchor rods, a metal net, a square solid containing cavity, a biological solidification coarse-grained soil layer, a vegetation base layer and an n-shaped component. The metal net is flatly laid on the surface of the rock slope body and is fixed on the surface of the rock slope body through a plurality of anchor rods; the plurality of anchor rods are transversely arranged in rows and longitudinally arranged in columns along the rock slope body, and are driven into a stable rock stratum of the rock slope body; the square solid containing cavity is fixedly connected with a rock slope body through an n-shaped component embedded into the rock body. The biological curing coarse-grained soil layer is formed by curing coarse-grained soil which is laid in the square solid containing cavity and contains biological slurry by spraying bean enzyme treatment liquid; the vegetation base layer is sprayed and seeded on the upper surface of the biological curing coarse-grained soil layer. The ecological restoration structure for the high and steep rock slope is good in strength and integrity, convenient and efficient to construct, good in ecological restoration effect and high in ecological stability and continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and method based on biological solidification technology, and relates to the field of rock slope ecological restoration engineering. Background Art

[0002] The excavation of rock and soil bodies is often involved in infrastructure construction and mining, resulting in a large number of exposed rock slopes. Due to the poor soil conditions and water holding capacity of such slopes, it is difficult for vegetation to grow, which in turn affects the surrounding ecological environment. In response to the problem of ecological restoration of rock slopes, the method generally adopted by the industry is to carry out remediation through spraying. However, this method is only limited to rock slopes with gentle slopes. Faced with steeper slopes, due to terrain restrictions, the sprayed soil materials are difficult to effectively adhere to and remain on the slope surface, resulting in the application of traditional vegetation protection methods on such slopes. The effectiveness is greatly reduced. Therefore, for such slopes, they rely more on engineering technical means such as hanging nets, anchor spraying support and building protective structures for reinforcement. Despite this, these technologies rely heavily on cement materials, which may not only cause irreversible damage to the surrounding ecological environment, but also affect the overall aesthetics of the engineering restoration, which does not meet the green ecological restoration concept and sustainable development strategy requirements.

[0003] In view of the poor effect of green plant restoration during the ecological restoration of steep rock slopes and the damage to the landscape after reinforcement using traditional engineering technology, the present invention proposes an ecological restoration structure and construction method for steep rock slopes based on biosolidation technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and method based on biosolidation technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidification technology, comprising a rock slope body, anchor rods, a metal mesh, a square solid volume cavity, a biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer, a vegetation base layer, and an η-type component; the metal mesh is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body by a plurality of anchor rods; the plurality of anchor rods are arranged in rows horizontally and in columns vertically along the rock slope body, and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body; the square solid volume cavity is fixedly connected to the rock slope body by an η-type component embedded in the rock body; the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer is formed by solidifying the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solid volume cavity by spraying soybean enzyme treatment liquid; the vegetation base layer is sprayed on the upper surface of the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer.

[0006] Preferably, the lateral arrangement spacing of the anchor rods is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the longitudinal arrangement spacing is 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0007] Preferably, the square solid volume cavity is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods; the three-dimensional geogrid is connected to the anchor rods by means of nylon buckles; and the mesh size of the three-dimensional geogrid is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the coarse-grained soil is a gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the paving thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and a binder solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1; the binder solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, and the molar concentrations of the two are both 2.0 M to 4.0 M; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed 10 to 20 times; the mass ratio of the biological mud to coarse-grained soil is 1:1 to 1:3.

[0009] Preferably, the vegetation base layer contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broad-leaved paspalum.

[0010] Preferably, the η-shaped member is formed by bending steel bars and has a length of 30 cm to 50 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the bioslurry is obtained by the following steps: Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium of Bacillus pasteurianus, the culture medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH = 9.25, and then put it in a 120℃ autoclave for 12 hours to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurianus; Step 3): Cultivate in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to 24 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurianus bacterial solution; Step 4): The Bacillus pasteurianus liquid was mixed with a 2.0 M binder in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 6 hours, followed by standing for 1 hour; Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after standing, and the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0012] Preferably, the bean enzyme solution is extracted by the following steps: Step 1): Crush and grind the dried soybeans to obtain raw soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh a certain amount of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 0.5~3.0g / L; Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw bean powder and pour it into the extract, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 hours; Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4°C, and 5 min to 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the required soybean enzyme solution.

[0013] A construction method for an ecological restoration structure of a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidation technology comprises the following steps: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation; 2) Anchor construction: Anchors are driven vertically into the stable rock layer of the rock slope. The anchors are arranged in rows horizontally and columns vertically along the rock slope, with a horizontal spacing of 1.5 m to 3.0 m and a vertical spacing of 2.0 m to 4.0 m; 3) Laying the metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh close to the slope surface and fix it with anchor rods; 4) Laying the three-dimensional geogrid: Lay the three-dimensional geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods and connect and fix it with the anchor rods; 5) Setting a square solid volume cavity: folding up the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid volume cavity, connecting and fixing the square solid volume cavity to the anchor rod with a nylon buckle, and fixing the square solid volume cavity on the rock slope with an η-shaped component; 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: after mixing biological mud with coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 8.00 mm in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, the mixture is filled into a square solid volume cavity in layers, and then the bean enzyme solution and the cementing liquid are mixed in a certain volume ratio on site to prepare a bean enzyme treatment solution, and the coarse-grained soil layer is sprayed and solidified with the bean enzyme treatment solution once every 6 to 12 hours, and a total of 10 to 20 treatments are performed to form a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer; then, a vegetation base layer is sprayed on top of the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer to form a vegetation restoration layer, and the vegetation base layer contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broad-leaved paspalum seeds; 7) Vegetation maintenance: After the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the vegetation needs to be maintained, including watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and plant replanting. Specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil on time every day to ensure that the soil is moist and that the vegetation can germinate. After 5 to 10 days after the plants emerge, add compound nutrient solution to the soil every 7 to 14 days, and spray pesticides according to actual conditions to prevent pests and diseases. After that, replant in time according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The core of the technology of the present invention is to use biomass to wrap sand particles to provide necessary sites for the crystallization of calcium carbonate. Subsequently, by introducing self-extracted soybean enzyme solution, urea in the treatment solution is catalyzed to hydrolyze into carbonate ions (CO3²⁻), which are further combined with calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in the treatment solution to form calcium carbonate crystals. These crystals are tightly attached to the surface of sand particles and gradually grow, eventually forming a calcium carbonate cementation structure with a certain strength between the pores of the sand, thereby connecting the loose sand into a whole, significantly improving its engineering properties.

[0015] 2. The present invention uses bio-slurry combined with EICP treatment liquid to treat coarse sand to form a bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer, which retains a rich pore structure. These pores will be filled with soil matrix, thereby intercepting them. At the same time, plant roots can grow therein and form a root-soil composite reinforced body, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the structure. The subsequent replanting of plants can also densify the root-soil composite network, further enhancing the nutrient retention capacity of the slope, thereby solving the problem of the difficulty in retaining the soil matrix on high and steep rock slopes.

[0016] 3. The present invention forms a square solid volume cavity by designing a three-way geogrid combination above the metal net, thereby ensuring the stable retention of coarse sand during the biosolidification process, and the folded part thereof can also serve as a reinforcement body to enhance the strength and stability of the overall structure.

[0017] In addition, the bio-stabilized coarse-grained soil layer itself has good integrity and high strength, and has good anti-scouring and anti-destruction capabilities.

[0018] 4. The EICP treatment fluid used in the present invention has the characteristics of low viscosity and does not rely on large-scale mechanical equipment or pressure grouting equipment. It can be directly injected into sand after simple mixing, which greatly improves the construction flexibility and adaptability; at the same time, calcium carbonate crystals can be formed in a short time and provide bonding strength, reflecting the convenience and high efficiency of this technology.

[0019] In addition, the treated fluid can further penetrate into the surface of the rock slope and the joints and fissures, generating calcium carbonate crystals with cementing effects to fill the cracks, thereby enhancing the slope's resistance to weathering.

[0020] 5. Compared with traditional concrete treatment technology, the present invention can maintain the natural state of the soil after repairing it, retaining the original landscape to the maximum extent, and subsequent maintenance or secondary repair is simple and easy, only requiring the addition of EICP treatment fluid, which fully reflects the design concept of sustainable development.

[0021] 6. After the biological pulp and the EICP treatment liquid complete the calcium carbonate crystallization reaction, the residual urea, calcium chloride and organic components in the soybean enzyme liquid can provide some nutrients for vegetation growth, which means that the waste liquid after the reaction can be reused after simple treatment, reflecting the significant advantages of the present invention in green environmental protection.

[0022] Obviously, the high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure and construction method based on biosolidation technology provided by the present invention have good economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits.

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a side profile of an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biological solidification technology provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biological solidification technology provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a square solid volume cavity in a high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biological solidification technology provided by the present invention; Figure 4 The coarse sand sample before and after being treated by the bio-solidification technology in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a diagram of the root-biosolidified coarse sand complex and a diagram of the pullout resistance of plant roots in the present invention; Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the compressive failure performance of the bio-immobilized coarse sand and the root-bio-immobilized coarse sand composite in the present invention; In the figure: rock slope 1, anchor rod 2, metal mesh 3, square solid volume cavity 4, bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5, vegetation base 6, η-type components 7, 8-nylon buckles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidification technology, including a rock slope body 1, anchor rods 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solid volume cavity 4, a biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an η-type component 7; the metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by a plurality of anchor rods 2; the plurality of anchor rods 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and in columns vertically along the rock slope body 1, and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1; the square solid volume cavity 4 is fixedly connected to the rock slope body 1 by an η-type component 7 embedded in the rock body; the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by solidifying the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solid volume cavity 4 by spraying soybean enzyme treatment liquid; the vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, the lateral arrangement spacing of the anchor rods 2 is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the longitudinal arrangement spacing is 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, the square solid volume cavity 4 is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2; the three-dimensional geogrid is connected to the anchor rods by using nylon buckles; the mesh size of the three-dimensional geogrid is 2.0 mm ~ 8.0 mm.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the coarse-grained soil is a gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the paving thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 to form an EICP treatment solution; the cementing solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, and the molar concentrations of the two are both 2.0 M to 4.0 M; (the molar concentration unit M is an abbreviation of mol / L, the same below, and no further description is given); The bean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed 10 to 20 times; the mass ratio of the biological mud to the coarse-grained soil is 1:1 to 1:3.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus soil and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broad-leaved paspalum.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the η-shaped component 7 is formed by bending steel bars and has a length of 30 cm to 50 cm.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, the biological mud is obtained by the following steps: Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium of Bacillus pasteurianus, the culture medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH = 9.25, and then put it in a 120℃ autoclave for 12 hours to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurianus; Step 3): Cultivate in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to 24 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurianus bacterial solution; Step 4): The Bacillus pasteurianus liquid was mixed with a 2.0 M binder in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 6 hours, followed by standing for 1 hour; Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after standing, and the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, the bean enzyme solution is extracted by the following steps: Step 1): Crush and grind the dried soybeans to obtain raw soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh a certain amount of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 0.5~3.0g / L; Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw bean powder and pour it into the extract, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 hours; Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4°C, and 5 min to 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the required soybean enzyme solution.

[0036] A construction method for an ecological restoration structure of a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidation technology comprises the following steps: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation; 2) Anchor construction: Anchor rods 2 are driven vertically into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchor rods 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and columns vertically along the rock slope 1. The horizontal arrangement interval is 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and the vertical arrangement interval is 2.0 m to 4.0 m; 3) Laying the metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 close to the slope surface and connect and fix it with anchor rods 2; 4) Laying the three-dimensional geogrid: Lay the three-dimensional geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connect and fix it to the anchor rods 2; 5) Setting a square solid cavity: folding the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4, connecting and fixing the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2 with a nylon buckle 8, and fixing the square solid cavity 4 on the rock slope 1 with an η-shaped component 7; 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: biological mud and coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 8.00 mm are mixed and stirred in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and then filled into the square solid volume cavity 4 in layers. Then, bean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid are mixed in a certain volume ratio on site to prepare bean enzyme treatment liquid, and the coarse-grained soil layer is sprayed and solidified with the bean enzyme treatment liquid once every 6 to 12 hours, and the treatment is carried out 10 to 20 times in total to form a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5; then, a vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 to form a vegetation restoration layer, and the vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broad-leaved paspalum seeds; 7) Vegetation maintenance: After the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the vegetation needs to be maintained, including watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and plant replanting. Specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil on time every day to ensure that the soil is moist and that the vegetation can germinate. After 5 to 10 days after the plants emerge, add compound nutrient solution to the soil every 7 to 14 days, and spray pesticides according to actual conditions to prevent pests and diseases. After that, replant in time according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0037] Specific implementation process: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3The present embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidification technology, comprising a rock slope body 1, anchor rods 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solid volume cavity 4, a biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an η-type component 7; the metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by a plurality of anchor rods 2; the plurality of anchor rods 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and in columns vertically along the rock slope body 1, and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1; the square solid volume cavity 4 is fixedly connected to the rock slope body 1 by an η-type component 7 embedded in the rock body; the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by solidifying the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solid volume cavity 4 by spraying soybean enzyme treatment liquid; the vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5. The vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, dogtooth grass and broad-leaved paspalum; the plant roots in the vegetation base layer 6 can penetrate into the pores of the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 and continue to grow downward, forming a stable root-soil-bio-solidified sand complex, integrating the entire ecological restoration structure into one.

[0038] The horizontal and vertical spacings of anchor rods 2 are both 2.0 m. The square solid volume 4 is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2. It is connected to the anchor rod 1 and the rock slope 1 through nylon buckles 8 and η-type components 7, respectively. The η-type components are made of steel bar bending, and the length of the components is 40 cm. The bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry and then sprayed with EICP treatment liquid 10 times. The coarse sand layer is paved with coarse sand with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm, and the thickness of the coarse sand layer is 50 mm. The vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, which are mixed and sprayed on the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5. The plant seeds in the vegetation base layer are tall fescue, and the thickness of the vegetation base layer 6 is 30 mm. The EICP treatment liquid is a mixture of bean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid in a volume ratio of 3:1. The cementing liquid contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, and the molar concentration of both is 4.0 M.

[0039] Preferably, the biological mud used in the present invention is obtained by the following steps: Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium of Bacillus pasteurianus, the culture medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH = 9.25, and then put it in a 120℃ autoclave for 12 hours to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurianus; Step 3): Cultivate in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurianus bacterial solution; Step 4): The Bacillus pasteurianus liquid was mixed with a 2.0 M binder in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 6 hours, followed by standing for 1 hour; Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after standing, and the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0040] The soybean enzyme solution used in the present invention is extracted by the following steps: Step 1): Crush and grind the dried soybeans to obtain raw soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh a certain amount of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 2.5 g / L; Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw bean powder and pour it into the extract, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 hours; Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4°C and 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the required soybean enzyme solution.

[0041] The construction method of the high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biosolidation technology provided in this embodiment has the following construction steps: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation; 2) Anchor construction: Anchors 2 are driven vertically into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchors 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and columns vertically along the rock slope 1, with a horizontal interval of 2.0 m and a vertical interval of 2.0 m; 3) Laying the metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 close to the slope surface and connect and fix it with anchor rods 2; 4) Laying the three-dimensional geogrid: Lay the three-dimensional geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connect and fix it to the anchor rods 2; 5) Setting a square solid cavity: folding the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4, connecting and fixing the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2 with a nylon buckle 8, and fixing the square solid cavity 4 on the rock slope 1 with an η-shaped component 7; 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: biological mud and coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and then filled into the square solid volume cavity 4 in layers. Then, soybean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid are mixed at a certain volume ratio on site to prepare soybean enzyme treatment liquid, and the soybean enzyme treatment liquid is sprayed and solidified on the coarse-grained soil layer once every 8 hours, and the treatment is carried out 10 times in total to form a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5; then, a vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 to form a vegetation restoration layer, and the vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are tall fescue; 7) Vegetation maintenance: After the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the vegetation needs to be maintained, including watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and plant replanting. Specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil on time every day to ensure that the soil is moist and that the vegetation can germinate. Seven days after the plants emerge, add compound nutrient solution to the soil every 10 days, and spray pesticides according to actual conditions to prevent pests and diseases. After that, replant in time according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0042] The actual implementation objects of this embodiment are the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5. The bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry (sand-slurry ratio is 1:1) and then sprayed with EICP treatment liquid 10 times. The coarse sand layer is paved with coarse sand with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 4.00 mm, and the thickness of the coarse sand layer is 50 mm. The key to the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is that it has a certain strength and relatively abundant pores, so as to ensure the stability of the slope while providing sufficient space for the growth of plant roots.

[0043] The biomass combined with EICP treatment liquid was used to treat cylindrical coarse sand samples with a size of 5 cm*10 cm (diameter*height) (particle size range of 2.00mm~4.00mm, unconfined compressive strength q uc =0) and perform 10 processings, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the loose coarse sand particles are bonded into a whole after solidification (unconfined compressive strength q uc =722.34 kPa), but still has good water permeability (the permeability coefficient is about 2.97×10 -1 cm / s), indicating that there are still abundant pores inside, which can provide space conditions for the growth of plant roots. After the sample preparation is completed, tall fescue seeds are sown on the surface of the bio-solidified coarse sand column sample and cultivated for 14 days. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the plants grow normally on the surface of the sample, their roots can penetrate into the solidified sand and have good pull-out resistance. Figure 6As shown in the figure, when the bio-cemented specimen without plants was damaged by pressure, the upper part fell off as a whole. On the contrary, when the bio-cemented specimen with plants was damaged by pressure, its upper part was wrapped by the root network and did not fall off, indicating that the plant roots embedded in the bio-cemented coarse sand played a certain role in improving its anti-destructive ability. In the above test, the root pull-out resistance was measured by a digital tensile gauge (product model is Edburgh SH-100N), the permeability coefficient was measured by a constant head permeability test, and the unconfined compressive strength was measured by a force-controlled loading frame (purchased from Xi'an Kangtuoli Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., product model KTL-LDF-50).

[0044] Table 1 Name and model of raw and auxiliary materials Example 2 like Figures 1 to 3 The present embodiment provides an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidification technology, comprising a rock slope body 1, anchor rods 2, a metal mesh 3, a square solid volume cavity 4, a biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5, a vegetation base layer 6, and an η-type component 7; the metal mesh 3 is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body 1 and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body 1 by a plurality of anchor rods 2; the plurality of anchor rods 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and in columns vertically along the rock slope body 1, and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body 1; the square solid volume cavity 4 is fixedly connected to the rock slope body 1 by an η-type component 7 embedded in the rock body; the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is formed by solidifying the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solid volume cavity 4 by spraying soybean enzyme treatment liquid; the vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on the upper surface of the biosolidified coarse-grained soil layer 5. The vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, dogtooth grass and broad-leaved paspalum; the plant roots in the vegetation base layer 6 can penetrate into the pores of the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 and continue to grow downward, forming a stable root-soil-bio-solidified sand complex, integrating the entire ecological restoration structure into one.

[0045] The horizontal spacing of anchor rods 2 is 1.5 m, and the vertical spacing is 2.0 m. The square solid volume 4 is composed of a three-way geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2. It is connected to the anchor rod 1 and the rock slope 1 through nylon buckles 8 and η-type components 7 respectively. The η-type components are made of steel bar bending, and the length of the components is 35 cm. The bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 is a coarse sand layer treated with bio-slurry and then sprayed with EICP treatment liquid 10 times. The coarse sand layer is paved with coarse sand with a particle size of 4.00 mm to 8.00 mm, and the thickness of the coarse sand layer is 40 mm. The vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, which are mixed and sprayed on the bio-solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5. The plant seeds in the vegetation base layer are tall fescue, ryegrass and broad-leaved paspalum mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. The thickness of the vegetation base layer 6 is 50 mm. The EICP treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution in a volume ratio of 1:1. The cementing solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, and the molar concentration of both is 2.0 M.

[0046] Preferably, the biological mud used in the present invention is obtained by the following steps: Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium of Bacillus pasteurianus, the culture medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH = 9.25, and then put it in a 120℃ autoclave for 12 hours to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurianus; Step 3): Cultivate in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurianus bacterial solution; Step 4): The Bacillus pasteurianus liquid was mixed with a 2.0 M binder in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 6 hours, followed by standing for 1 hour; Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after standing, and the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

[0047] The soybean enzyme solution used in the present invention is extracted by the following steps: Step 1): Crush and grind the dried soybeans to obtain raw soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh a certain amount of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 1.0 g / L; Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw bean powder and pour it into the extract, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 hours; Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4°C and 5 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the required soybean enzyme solution.

[0048] The construction method of the high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on the biosolidation technology provided in this embodiment has the following construction steps: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation; 2) Anchor construction: Anchors 2 are driven vertically into the stable rock layer of the rock slope 1. The anchors 2 are arranged in rows horizontally and columns vertically along the rock slope 1, with a horizontal interval of 1.5 m and a vertical interval of 2.0 m; 3) Laying the metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh 3 close to the slope surface and connect and fix it with anchor rods 2; 4) Laying the three-dimensional geogrid: Lay the three-dimensional geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods 2 and connect and fix it to the anchor rods 2; 5) Setting a square solid cavity: folding the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid cavity 4, connecting and fixing the square solid cavity 4 to the anchor rod 2 with a nylon buckle 8, and fixing the square solid cavity 4 on the rock slope 1 with an η-shaped component 7; 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: biological mud and coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 4.00 mm to 8.00 mm are mixed and stirred at a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and then filled into the square solid volume cavity 4 in layers. Then, bean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid are mixed at a certain volume ratio on site to prepare bean enzyme treatment liquid, and the coarse-grained soil layer is sprayed and solidified once every 8 hours with the bean enzyme treatment liquid, and a total of 15 times are treated to form a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5; then, a vegetation base layer 6 is sprayed on top of the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer 5 to form a vegetation restoration layer, and the vegetation base layer 6 contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are tall fescue, ryegrass and broad-leaved paspalum mixed at a grain number of 3:2:1; 7) Vegetation maintenance: After the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the vegetation needs to be maintained, including watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and plant replanting. Specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil on time every day to ensure that the soil is moist and that the vegetation can germinate. Five days after the plants emerge, add compound nutrient solution to the soil every seven days, and spray pesticides according to actual conditions to prevent pests and diseases. Afterwards, replant in time according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

[0049] It should be noted that in actual construction, the types of plant seeds mixed in the vegetation base can be seeds of a certain plant or seeds of multiple plants. The selection and ratio of seeds should be determined according to the climate of the construction area.

[0050] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure for high and steep rock slopes based on biosolidation technology, characterized by: The invention comprises a rock slope body (1), anchor rods (2), a metal mesh (3), a square solid volume cavity (4), a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5), a vegetation base layer (6), and an η-shaped component (7); the metal mesh (3) is laid flat on the surface of the rock slope body (1) and fixed to the surface of the rock slope body (1) by a plurality of anchor rods (2); the plurality of anchor rods (2) are arranged in rows transversely and in columns longitudinally along the rock slope body (1) and driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body (1); the square solid volume cavity (4) is connected to the rock slope body (1) by the η-shaped component (7) embedded in the rock body; the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5) is formed by solidifying the coarse-grained soil containing biological mud laid in the square solid volume cavity (4) by spraying a soybean enzyme treatment liquid; and the vegetation base layer (6) is sprayed on the upper surface of the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5).

2. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biosolidation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The anchor rods (2) are arranged at a lateral spacing of 1.5 m to 3.0 m, and at a longitudinal spacing of 2.0 m to 4.0 m.

3. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biosolidation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The square solid volume cavity (4) is composed of a three-dimensional geogrid arranged between two adjacent rows of anchor rods (2); the three-dimensional geogrid is connected to the anchor rods (2) by means of nylon buckles (8); and the mesh size of the three-dimensional geogrid is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

4. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biosolidation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The coarse-grained soil is a gravel material with a particle size of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, and the paving thickness is 30 mm to 50 mm; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and a binder solution in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 3:1; the binder solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, and the molar concentrations of the two are both 2.0 M to 4.0 M; the soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed 10 to 20 times; the mass ratio of the biological mud to coarse-grained soil is 1:1 to 1:

3.

5. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biosolidation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vegetation base layer (6) contains nutrient soil and plant seeds; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing fine sand, humus soil and garden soil in a ratio of 3:2:1; the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass and broadleaf paspalum.

6. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biosolidation technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The η-shaped member (7) is formed by bending steel bars and has a length of 30 cm to 50 cm.

7. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biological solidification technology according to claim 4 is characterized by: The biological mud is obtained by the following steps: Step 1): Prepare a liquid culture medium of Bacillus pasteurianus, the culture medium contains 20 g / L yeast extract, 15 g / L NH4Cl and 0.1 mM NiCl2, pH=9.25, and then put it in a sterilizer at 120℃ for 12 hours to eliminate miscellaneous bacteria; Step 2): Inoculate the sterilized culture medium with Bacillus pasteurianus; Step 3): Cultivate in a shaking incubator at a constant temperature of 30°C and a constant speed of 150 rpm for 12 h to 24 h to obtain a Bacillus pasteurianus bacterial solution; Step 4): The Bacillus pasteurianus liquid was mixed with a 2.0 M binder in a volume ratio of 1:1 and stirred for 6 h, followed by standing for 1 h; Step 5): Pour out the supernatant after standing, and the remaining sediment is the required biological mud.

8. The high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure based on biological solidification technology according to claim 4 is characterized by: The bean enzyme solution is extracted by the following steps: Step 1): Crush and grind the dried soybeans to obtain raw soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh a certain amount of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and dissolve it in tap water to prepare an extract with a concentration of 0.5~3.0 g / L; Step 3): Weigh a certain amount of raw bean powder and pour it into the extract, stir to dissolve, prepare a mixed solution with a bean powder content of 100 g / L, and let it stand for 12 hours; Step 4): Collect the supernatant and centrifuge it in a centrifuge. Set the centrifugation parameters to 3000 rpm, 4 °C and 5 min to 15 min. Collect the liquid after centrifugation, which is the required soybean enzyme solution.

9. A construction method for an ecological restoration structure for a high and steep rock slope based on biosolidation technology as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, slope cleaning, and material preparation; 2) Anchor rod construction: Anchor rods (2) are vertically driven into the stable rock layer of the rock slope body (1), and the anchor rods (2) are arranged in rows horizontally and columns vertically along the rock slope body (1), with a horizontal arrangement interval of 1.5 m to 3.0 m and a vertical arrangement interval of 2.0 m to 4.0 m; 3) Laying the metal mesh: Lay the metal mesh (3) close to the slope surface and connect and fix it with anchor rods (2); 4) Laying the three-dimensional geogrid: Laying the three-dimensional geogrid between two adjacent rows of anchor rods (2) and connecting and fixing the three-dimensional geogrid to the anchor rods (2); 5) Setting a square solid volume cavity: folding up the two ends of the three-way geogrid to form a square solid volume cavity (4), connecting and fixing the square solid volume cavity (4) to the anchor rod (2) using a nylon buckle (8), and fixing the square solid volume cavity (4) on the rock slope (1) using an η-shaped component (7); 6) Construction of vegetation restoration layer: biological mud and coarse-grained soil with a particle size of 2.00 mm to 8.00 mm are mixed and stirred in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, and then filled into the square solid volume cavity (4) in layers. Then, bean enzyme liquid and cementing liquid are mixed in a certain volume ratio on site to prepare bean enzyme treatment liquid, and the coarse-grained soil layer is sprayed and solidified with the bean enzyme treatment liquid once every 6 h to 12 h, and the treatment is carried out 10 to 20 times in total to form a biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5); then, a vegetation base layer (6) is sprayed on top of the biologically solidified coarse-grained soil layer (5) to form a vegetation restoration layer, and the vegetation base layer (6) contains nutrient soil and plant seeds, and the plant seeds are selected from one or more of ryegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and broad-leaved paspalum seeds; 7) Vegetation maintenance: After the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, the vegetation needs to be maintained, including watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and plant replanting. Specifically, after the construction of the vegetation restoration layer is completed, water the soil on time every day to ensure that the soil is moist and that the vegetation can germinate. After 5 to 10 days after the plants emerge, add compound nutrient solution to the soil every 7 to 14 days, and spray pesticides according to actual conditions to prevent pests and diseases. After that, replant in time according to the growth and withering of the plants to ensure the continuity of the slope ecological restoration.

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