An experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a formation and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application discloses an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of experimental devices for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum. The experimental device comprises a stratum simulation part, wherein the stratum simulation part is provided with a cover layer and a cushion layer; the stratum simulation part is provided with stratum simulation particles between the cover layer and the cushion layer; an elastic material is used on a contact surface between the cover layer and the stratum simulation particles; and an elastic material is used on a contact surface between the cushion layer and the stratum simulation particles. The application considers elastic deformation of a stratum during water injection, and provides a new technical means and method for displacement experiments, and has better correlation with theoretical calculation results. The device has simple structure and is convenient to operate. Different strata can be simulated by only replacing rubber materials, cost is saved, the experimental device can be recycled, and cleaning is relatively convenient and thorough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil extraction simulation technology, specifically to an experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of formations and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the development of the petroleum industry and the need to solve complex petroleum engineering problems, fluid-structure interaction research has become increasingly important in the fields of oil drilling, extraction, and development, and has received considerable attention. To accurately predict the oil and gas field extraction process, precisely simulate the fluid flow process in the reservoir, and reveal the fluid distribution patterns, it is necessary to consider the coupling effects between the seepage of multiphase fluids, changes in stress state, and reservoir deformation caused by water injection and extraction. While laboratory experimental models cannot completely simulate formation conditions, they can simulate the elastic effects of the formation to a certain extent.

[0003] Existing sand-filling models include sand-filled pipe models and glass plate sand-filled planar models. Most of these models involve direct contact between the filler and the plate or pipe wall, lacking a buffering elastic material. Due to limited indoor testing conditions, the pressure and discharge rate cannot match those used in actual field construction, failing to accurately simulate the elastic deformation generated during real-world formation water injection. Furthermore, most existing models have only one inlet and one outlet, making thorough cleaning difficult. Therefore, a suitable experimental device and its usage method are needed to simulate elastic deformation and enable deep cleaning and recycling.

[0004] Publication No. CN112858113B discloses a microscopic visualization experimental method for high-temperature and high-pressure gas-driven oil recovery in deep oil reservoirs. The method includes the following steps: installing a glass-etched model of a rock sample simulating actual reservoir conditions in a high-pressure sealed holder and evacuating the system; injecting confining pressure fluid into the reservoir confining pressure ring cavity and controlling the confining pressure using a confining pressure tracking pump; heating the confining pressure fluid in the reservoir confining pressure ring cavity using a high-temperature heating container; placing the glass-etched model under a microscope; loading crude oil and displacement fluid media into a heated constant-temperature piston container, and adjusting the back pressure unit to the simulated formation pressure; and conducting water and gas injection displacement experiments using a high-pressure injection pump and a gas pressurization system. This invention can be used to simulate the distribution and fluid transport characteristics of oil, water, and gas in micro- and nano-scale pore structures, quantitatively characterize the microscopic residual oil initiation mechanisms of high-temperature and high-pressure water-driven, gas-driven, and chemical-driven oil recovery, and has significant guiding significance for judging the distribution and magnitude of oil and water saturation during oilfield reservoir development.

[0005] This existing technology simulates the topography in the strata through glass etching, but glass is not elastic and cannot simulate the effect of water layer squeezing the strata when water is injected.

[0006] Publication No. CN116337719A discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure large-scale displacement experimental device based on differential pressure sealing and easy disassembly. The device mainly comprises a high-pressure cylinder, a cover layer, a flat plate model, a sound wave transmitting and receiving device, high-pressure resistant pipelines, and a circulating heating system. The flat plate model is sealed by a rubber differential pressure seal, with electrodes embedded in the rubber. The sound wave transmitting device emits sound waves that pass through the electrodes and through the rock plate, ultimately being received by the sound wave receiving device. The oil-water distribution within the rock plate is analyzed through the sound wave time difference. The electrical wires and signal lines of the sound wave transmitting and receiving device are connected to the outside via high-pressure resistant pipelines injected with low-temperature, high-pressure liquid. The cover layer is connected to a forklift, and a motor drives the bearings to freely rotate the flat plate model. The forklift facilitates disassembly and assembly. This invention achieves better sealing of the rock plate through differential pressure sealing, resulting in more accurate results. The high-pressure resistant pipelines protect the electrical wires and signal lines from damage caused by high temperature and high pressure.

[0007] The existing technology detects the displacement of water and oil layers using sound waves, but it cannot simulate the impact of water layer squeezing the formation during water injection.

[0008] Publication No. CN110887766B discloses an experimental apparatus and method for fluid-structure interaction nonlinear gas-water seepage in tight gas reservoir development, belonging to the field of oil and gas reservoir development technology. The apparatus includes an injection pump, a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a media circulation pump, a collection device, a post-processing device, a core holder, a scanning system, a rubber sleeve, strain gauges, a current-to-pressure converter, and parallel cores. When using this apparatus, the geological structure of the tight gas reservoir is first identified, and representative reservoirs are selected; the cores are scaled to determine the sequence of the study layers; parallel cores are prepared; the cores and experimental equipment are assembled; and parallel experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed. This method can effectively measure the pressure on each layer of the parallel cores using strain gauges and reflects the gas-water two-phase flow law of each layer in the tight gas reservoir under parallel conditions. This has a very important guiding role in understanding the gas-water flow law and guiding the development of tight gas reservoirs.

[0009] This existing technology simulates actual formation conditions by combining and scaling core samples, but it suffers from difficulties in cleaning the samples after the experiment.

[0010] In summary, the technical solutions, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the above-disclosed technologies are all different from those of the present invention. Regarding the more technical features, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the above-disclosed technical documents do not provide any technical inspiration. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to design an experimental device and its method for simulating formation elastic deformation. By customizing different types of rubber materials, the elastic deformation of the formation during water injection or displacement is amplified and simulated, taking into account fluid-structure interaction. This facilitates the simulation of the real formation state as closely as possible in special experiments, such as pulsating displacement experiments, overcoming the problem that existing simulation devices do not consider formation elasticity or do not consider it comprehensively. At the same time, it also solves the problem of difficult cleaning after the experiment.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] An experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of a formation includes a formation simulation section, wherein the formation simulation section is provided with a cap layer and a cushion layer; formation simulation particles are disposed between the cap layer and the cushion layer; the contact surface between the cap layer and the formation simulation particles is made of an elastic material; the contact surface between the cushion layer and the formation simulation particles is made of an elastic material.

[0014] The device is also provided with a liquid inlet section and a liquid outlet section;

[0015] The formation simulation section is equipped with two device inlets and outlets;

[0016] The two inlets and outlets of the device are connected to the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, respectively.

[0017] The liquid inlet section includes a liquid storage tank, a horizontal flow pump, and a liquid inlet channel connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge is installed on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve is installed in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge.

[0018] The liquid outlet section includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet tank;

[0019] One end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is set in the liquid outlet tank. A liquid outlet pressure gauge is installed on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve is installed in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge.

[0020] There are two pathways after the advection pump: a pulsating channel and a steady flow channel.

[0021] The pulsation channel is equipped with a pulsation control valve and a solenoid valve;

[0022] A flow control valve is installed on the flow stabilization channel; the pulsating channel and the flow stabilization channel merge into the liquid inlet channel.

[0023] The inlet pressure gauge is connected to the outlet pressure gauge and the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is connected to the computer and transmits the inlet and outlet pressure data to the computer. A camera is installed above the formation simulation section.

[0024] The geological formation simulation section includes an upper caprock, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box;

[0025] The cover layer consists of a glass cover layer, a rubber cover layer, and a polyethylene film cover layer from top to bottom; the pad layer consists of a polyethylene film pad layer, a rubber pad layer, and a glass pad layer from top to bottom.

[0026] A glass bead filling layer is disposed between the polyethylene film capping layer and the polyethylene film padding layer, and the glass bead filling layer serves as formation simulation particles.

[0027] A sealing strip is provided around the filling glass beads.

[0028] An LED light is installed at the bottom of the light box, a reflector is installed on the inner wall of the light box, and the upper part of the light box is covered with light-transmitting paper.

[0029] The cover layer and the pad layer are bonded together completely with glass glue in sequence; the cover layer and the pad layer are fixed around the perimeter with fastening bolts.

[0030] The inlet and outlet of the device penetrate the cover layer, connecting the simulated space inside the sealing strip with the liquid inlet and liquid outlet parts;

[0031] The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel, which penetrates the cushion layer and connects the formation simulation space with the space below the cushion layer.

[0032] The cleaning channel is equipped with a one-way valve, which allows liquid to flow only into the formation simulation space. The cleaning channel has a cleaning port located below the cushion layer.

[0033] At least two cleaning channels are provided.

[0034] The rubber cover layer and rubber pad layer are rubber layers, and the glass pad layer and glass cover layer are glass layers;

[0035] The rubber layer and the glass layer have the same dimensions.

[0036] The filling glass beads are of uneven size and are filled in one or more layers;

[0037] The height of the sealing strip is between the diameters of the large and small glass beads, and when the device is assembled, some of the filling glass beads are in a clamped state.

[0038] The sealing strip is made of stainless steel and covered with a silicone layer.

[0039] The rubber cover layer and the rubber pad layer are made of the same material, which is a transparent rubber made from one or at least two of the following raw materials: natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber.

[0040] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0041] A method for using an experimental apparatus to simulate elastic deformation of a formation includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Assemble the formation simulation section, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect the other parts, turn on the LED lights, and turn on the camera.

[0043] S2. Open the steady flow control valve, close the pulsation control valve, and open the constant flow pump. The displacement fluid flows in steadily, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor.

[0044] When it is necessary to observe the pulsating displacement phenomenon, open the pulsating control valve, close the steady flow control valve, set the opening frequency of the solenoid valve, turn on the co-flow pump, and the displacement fluid pulsates in. The pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor.

[0045] S3. Record the changes in the displacement leading edge using a camera;

[0046] S4. In the formation simulation section, the crude oil is squeezed out by the displacement fluid. Record the displacement time and the amount of fluid discharged to complete the experiment.

[0047] S5. After completing the experiment, perform cleaning. First, the cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet. Then, open the device inlet and outlet, and the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port and flows out from the device inlet and outlet. Finally, close the device inlet, inject the cleaning liquid, open the device inlet, close the device outlet, and inject the cleaning liquid to complete the cleaning.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0049] 1. This invention takes into account the elastic deformation of the formation during water injection, providing new technical means and methods for displacement experiments, and showing better correlation with theoretical calculation results.

[0050] 2. The device of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. Different types of strata can be simulated simply by changing the rubber material, which saves costs. The experimental device can be recycled and is easier and more thorough to clean. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a top view of the formation simulation section of an experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of formations according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the formation simulation section of an experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of formations according to the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the use of an experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of a formation according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a list of rubber materials used in the rubber layer of an experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to the present invention;

[0056] In the diagram: 1. Storage tank; 2. Flow pump; 3. Pulsating control valve; 4. Solenoid valve; 5. Inlet pressure gauge; 51. Outlet pressure gauge; 6. Flow control valve; 7. Inlet; 8. Fastening bolt; 9. Inlet pressure gauge control valve; 91. Outlet pressure gauge control valve; 10. Outlet tank; 11. Glass cover; 12. Polyethylene film cover; 13. Light box; 14. Cleaning port; 15. Glass pad; 16. Filling glass beads; 17. Check valve; 18. Polyethylene film pad; 19. LED light; 20. Translucent paper; 21. Rubber pad; 22. Sealing strip; 23. Rubber cover; 24. Cleaning channel; 25. Device inlet and outlet; 101. Inlet section; 102. Formation simulation section; 103. Outlet section; 104. Computer; 105. Pressure sensor; 106. Camera. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a formation and its method of use, comprising a liquid inlet section 101, a formation simulation section 102, and a liquid outlet section 103. The formation simulation section 102 is provided with two device inlets and outlets 25. The inlet of the device is connected to the liquid inlet section 101, and the outlet of the device is connected to the liquid outlet section 103.

[0060] The formation simulation section includes an upper cap layer, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box 13; glass beads 16 are placed between the cap layer and the cushion layer, and the glass beads 16 serve as formation simulation particles.

[0061] The capping layer consists of a glass capping layer 11, a rubber capping layer 23, and a polyethylene film capping layer 12 arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the padding layer consists of a polyethylene film padding layer 18, a rubber padding layer 21, and a glass padding layer 15 arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the filling glass beads 16 are located between the polyethylene film capping layer 12 and the polyethylene film padding layer 18, and the filling glass beads 16 are sealed around the perimeter with a sealing strip 22 to form a stratum simulation space.

[0062] The cap layer and the bedding layer are sequentially and completely bonded together with glass glue; then, fastening bolts 8 are used to fix the simulated stratum around the perimeter.

[0063] The device inlet / outlet 25 penetrates the cover layer, connecting the simulated ground space within the sealing strip 13 with the outside world;

[0064] The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel 24, which penetrates the cushion layer and connects the simulated ground space to the area below the cushion layer. A one-way valve is installed inside the cleaning channel 24 to ensure that liquid can only flow into the internal space of the sealing strip 13. The cleaning channel 24 has an opening 14 at the bottom of the cushion layer for connection to a cleaning pipeline. At least two cleaning channels are provided.

[0065] An LED light 19 is installed at the bottom of the light box 13.

[0066] After the experiment is completed, cleaning is performed. The cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet. Then, the device inlet and outlet are opened, and the cleaning liquid enters from cleaning port 14 and flows out from the device inlet and outlet. Finally, the device inlet is closed, and the above action is repeated. The device outlet is closed, and the previous action is repeated to complete the cleaning.

[0067] The liquid inlet section 101 includes a liquid storage tank 1, a horizontal flow pump 2, and a liquid inlet channel connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge 5 is provided on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve 9 is provided in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge 5.

[0068] The liquid outlet section 103 includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet tank 10. One end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is set in the liquid outlet tank 10. A liquid outlet pressure gauge 51 is installed on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve 91 is installed in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge 51.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] Based on Example 1, combined with Figure 5The horizontal flow pump 2 has two channels: a pulse channel and a steady flow channel. The pulse channel is equipped with a pulse control valve 3 and a solenoid valve 4. The solenoid valve can control the opening and closing time, which can realize timed closing and pulse injection to simulate periodic water injection or pulsed water injection. The steady flow channel is equipped with a steady flow control valve 6. The pulse channel and the steady flow channel merge into the liquid inlet channel.

[0071] When simulating special flows, close the steady flow control valve 6 and open the pulsation control valve 3. Set the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 4. When simulating steady flows, close the pulsation control valve 3 and open the steady flow control valve 6.

[0072] The size of the rubber layer (rubber cap layer 23, rubber pad layer 21) of the formation simulation part 102 is the same as that of the glass layer (glass pad layer 15 and glass cap layer 11). The rubber layer material uses rubber with different elastic moduli to simulate different formations.

[0073] The glass beads 16 are of uneven size and can be filled in one or more layers. The average radius and the number of filling layers can be selected according to the requirements.

[0074] The height of the sealing strip 13 is between the diameters of the large and small glass beads. When the device is assembled, some of the filling glass beads 16 are in a clamped state, and the rubber layer is less deformed.

[0075] The sealing strip 13 is made of stainless steel and is covered with a silicone layer for sealing.

[0076] The polyethylene plastic film layer between the rubber layer and the glass beads 16 prevents the rubber from coming into direct contact with the displacing liquid or crude oil, thus preventing damage to the rubber structure.

[0077] The preferred material for the rubber layer is nitrile rubber (NBR), which is copolymerized from butadiene and acrylonitrile. This material has good oil resistance and aging resistance, and can be used for extended periods in air at 120°C or in oil at 150°C. Furthermore, it also possesses water resistance, airtightness, and excellent adhesion properties.

[0078] Different rubber materials are selected based on different simulation environments. The types of rubber materials are listed in the appendix. Figure 5 As shown, the rubber cover layer and the rubber pad layer are made of the same material, which is a transparent rubber made from one or at least two of the following raw materials: natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber.

[0079] It should be noted that the formulation of rubber materials and auxiliary materials used in the production of transparent rubber is existing technology, which is known to those skilled in the art.

[0080] The displacement of the advection pump 2 is determined based on the maximum pressure bearing capacity of the formation simulation section 102.

[0081] The external dimensions of the glass layer in the geological simulation section 102 are 70cm x 70cm (length x width) and 5cm (thickness). If other dimensions are designed, the ratio of the designed side length to the thickness should be 15:1. The external dimensions must not be less than 20cm to avoid large errors during model fabrication and experimentation, which could prevent achieving the desired experimental results.

[0082] The light box 13 is also equipped with a reflector, which is attached to the inner wall of the box. The upper part of the light box 13 is covered with a light-transmitting paper 20, which is white, so that the light can be supplied without being too concentrated and causing the quality of taking pictures or videos to deteriorate.

[0083] Example 3:

[0084] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The inlet pressure gauge 5 is connected to the outlet pressure gauge 51 and the pressure sensor 105. The pressure sensor 105 is connected to the computer 104 and transmits the inlet pressure and outlet pressure data to the computer 104. A camera 106 is installed above the formation simulation section 102.

[0085] In conjunction with all embodiments, the method of using this device includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Assemble the formation simulation part, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect other parts, turn on LED light 19, and turn on camera 106;

[0087] S2. Open the steady flow control valve 6, close the pulsation control valve 3, open the horizontal flow pump 2, and the displacement fluid flows in steadily. The pressure data is transmitted to the computer 104 through the pressure sensor 105.

[0088] When it is necessary to observe the pulsating displacement, open the pulsating control valve 3, close the steady flow control valve 6, set the opening frequency of the solenoid valve 4, open the horizontal flow pump 2, and the displacement fluid pulsates in. The pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor.

[0089] S3. Record the displacement leading edge change process using camera 106;

[0090] S4. In the formation simulation section 102, the crude oil is squeezed out by the displacing fluid. The displacing time and the amount of fluid discharged are recorded to complete the experiment. During the displacing process, the displacing fluid squeezes the rubber layer, simulating the situation of liquid squeezing the formation in real production.

[0091] S5. After completing the experiment, clean the device. The cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet. Then open the device inlet and device outlet. The cleaning liquid enters from cleaning port 14 and flows out from the device inlet and device outlet. Finally, close the device inlet, inject the cleaning liquid, open the device inlet, close the device outlet, inject the cleaning liquid, and complete the cleaning.

[0092] All components not discussed in detail in this application, as well as the connection methods of these components, are well-known technologies in this field. They can be directly applied and will not be elaborated further.

[0093] In this invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0094] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0095] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0096] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata, characterized in that, It includes a formation simulation section, which is provided with a caprock and a cushion layer; Formation simulation particles are placed between the cap layer and the cushion layer; The contact surface between the caprock and the simulated granular particles in the formation is made of an elastic material. The contact surface between the cushion layer and the simulated particles in the formation is made of an elastic material. It is also equipped with a liquid inlet section and a liquid outlet section; The formation simulation section is equipped with two device inlets and outlets; The two device inlets and outlets are connected to the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, respectively. The liquid inlet section includes a liquid storage tank, a horizontal flow pump, and a liquid inlet channel connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge is installed on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve is installed in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge; The liquid outlet section includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet tank; One end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is set in the liquid outlet tank. A liquid outlet pressure gauge is installed on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve is installed in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge. There are two pathways after the advection pump: a pulsating channel and a steady flow channel. The pulsation channel is equipped with a pulsation control valve and a solenoid valve; A flow control valve is installed on the flow stabilization channel; The pulsating channel and the steady flow channel converge into the liquid inlet channel; The inlet pressure gauge is connected to the outlet pressure gauge and the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is connected to the computer and transmits the inlet pressure and outlet pressure data to the computer. A camera is installed above the formation simulation section. The geological formation simulation section includes an upper caprock, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box; The cover layer consists of a glass cover layer, a rubber cover layer, and a polyethylene film cover layer from top to bottom; the pad layer consists of a polyethylene film pad layer, a rubber pad layer, and a glass pad layer from top to bottom. A glass bead filling layer is disposed between the polyethylene film capping layer and the polyethylene film padding layer, and the glass bead filling layer serves as formation simulation particles. A sealing strip is provided around the filling glass beads.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, An LED light is installed at the bottom of the light box, a reflector is installed on the inner wall of the light box, and the upper part of the light box is covered with light-transmitting paper.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover layer and the pad layer are bonded together completely with glass glue in sequence; the cover layer and the pad layer are fixed around the perimeter with fastening bolts.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet of the device penetrate the cover layer, connecting the simulated space inside the sealing strip with the liquid inlet and liquid outlet parts; The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel, which penetrates the cushion layer and connects the formation simulation space with the space below the cushion layer. The cleaning channel is equipped with a one-way valve, which allows liquid to flow only into the formation simulation space. The cleaning channel has a cleaning port located below the cushion layer.

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cleaning channel is provided with at least two channels.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber cover layer and rubber pad layer are rubber layers, and the glass pad layer and glass cover layer are glass layers; The rubber layer and the glass layer have the same dimensions.

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling glass beads are of uneven size and are filled in one or more layers; The height of the sealing strip is between the diameters of the large and small glass beads, and when the device is assembled, some of the filling glass beads are in a clamped state.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing strip is made of stainless steel and covered with a silicone layer.

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber cover layer and the rubber pad layer are made of the same material, which is a transparent rubber made from one or at least two of the following raw materials: natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber.

10. A method for using an experimental apparatus to simulate elastic deformation of strata, characterized in that, The experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata as described in claim 4 includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the formation simulation part, place it horizontally, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect the other parts, turn on the LED lights, and turn on the camera; S2. Open the steady flow control valve, close the pulsation control valve, and open the constant flow pump. The displacement fluid flows in steadily, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor. S3. Record the changes in the displacement leading edge using a camera; S4. In the formation simulation section, the crude oil is squeezed out by the displacement fluid. Record the displacement time and the amount of fluid discharged to complete the experiment. S5. Clean the equipment after completing the experiment.

11. The method of using the experimental apparatus for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 10, characterized in that, The cleaning steps are as follows: First, the cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet; then, the device inlet and outlet are opened, the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port and flows out from the device inlet and outlet; finally, the device inlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, the device inlet is opened, the device outlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, and the cleaning is completed. When it is necessary to observe the pulsating displacement phenomenon, open the pulsation control valve, close the steady flow control valve, set the opening frequency of the solenoid valve, turn on the horizontal flow pump, and the displacement fluid pulsates in. The pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor.

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