Perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to unmanned aerial vehicle and installation method

Abstract

According to the mounting method of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the photovoltaic module is fixed on the surface of the unmanned aerial vehicle through an electrostatic adsorption film, a flexible buckle or a magnetic adsorption mode and is matched with the surface structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the photovoltaic module comprises a flexible substrate, a transparent electrode, a carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a metal electrode layer. The assembly design supports modularization and customization, the unmanned aerial vehicle is installed through packaging optimization, efficient power generation of the assembly is guaranteed, meanwhile, the influence on the weight and flight performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced to the maximum extent, power is generated in real time through illumination in the flight process, the endurance time is prolonged, the flight efficiency is improved, and the photovoltaic power generation effect is greatly improved. The method is suitable for flexible laying, laying efficiency and laying precision are improved, and the solar energy absorption rate of the perovskite flexible cell is effectively improved. The device can adapt to various unmanned aerial vehicle types such as fixed wings and rotor wings, and is suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle types with strict weight requirements; especially small unmanned aerial vehicles and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the IPC classification H02S20 / 00 photovoltaic module support structure or H10K71 / 00, which may include the preparation method of organic semiconductor materials and the application technology field thereof, and relates to photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a structure of a perovskite flexible photovoltaic power generation component for a drone and a method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic component on the surface of a drone. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging industry that has attracted much attention, drones are widely used in various fields such as aerial photography, geological exploration, and agricultural plant protection. However, the small capacity and short battery life of the drones have become one of the biggest problems restricting their further development. Solar drones use photovoltaic cells to absorb solar energy during the day, store excess energy while meeting the needs, and release it at night or when needed to maintain flight or achieve payload tasks. Limited by the current level of technology, solar drones are currently mainly in the stage of theoretical research and experimental verification.

[0003] Drones have been widely used in many fields, including agricultural monitoring, logistics and transportation, disaster relief, environmental protection, and military reconnaissance. However, the energy supply problem of drones has always been an important bottleneck limiting their endurance and application scope. Traditional drone power supply technology is limited by the limited energy density of lithium batteries, and the difficulty of installing photovoltaic cells and low power generation efficiency. As a result, existing drones usually rely on lithium batteries for power supply, but their flight time is often less than 1 hour, which is difficult to meet the needs of long-term and large-scale flight missions.

[0004] Patent application 202323492102.3 provides a drone equipped with a flexible perovskite battery, including: a drone body, a groove is opened on the top of the drone body, and positive contact points and negative contact points are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the groove; a perovskite battery, the perovskite battery is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is arranged in the groove, when the perovskite battery is arranged in the groove, the positive electrode is connected to the positive electrode contact point, and the negative electrode is connected to the negative electrode contact point; and the perovskite battery comprises a silver electrode, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and a flexible transparent conductive substrate stacked in sequence.

[0005] Patent application 202110311842.9 provides a photovoltaic cell laying method for a solar drone and a solar drone, the method comprising: planarizing the laying area to obtain a plane area; laying photovoltaic cell assemblies in the plane area, and obtaining the estimated starting position of each photovoltaic cell assembly in the plane area and the estimated center position and estimated four corner point positions of each battery cell in each photovoltaic cell assembly; obtaining the actual starting position of each photovoltaic cell assembly in the laying area and the actual positions of the four corner points of each battery cell in each photovoltaic cell assembly; obtaining the arc of each airfoil curve in the laying area; obtaining the center position of the curvature corresponding to each arc; obtaining the actual center position of each battery cell in each photovoltaic cell assembly, so as to complete the laying of all battery cells in all photovoltaic cell assemblies on the solar drone.

[0006] Perovskite solar cell modules are a new type of solar cell modules with advantages such as high conversion efficiency, low cost, and short industrial chain. They are widely used in BIPV, distributed power sources, ground power stations, etc. As an emerging photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells have been applied to drones. However, there is no significant design and application solution for perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules for drones. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention proposes a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module and installation method suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle. Through reasonable module design and layout, while ensuring efficient power generation of the module, the impact on the weight and flight performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is minimized to the greatest extent. The light during the flight is used to generate electricity in real time to extend the flight time and improve the flight efficiency. The technical problem of low absorption rate of solar energy by existing photovoltaic cell laying methods can be solved.

[0008] To this end, in the present invention: the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for the drone is fixed to the surface of the drone by an electrostatic adsorption film, a flexible buckle or a magnetic adsorption method, and matches the surface structure of the drone;

[0009] The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to the UAV, referred to as the photovoltaic module, comprises a flexible substrate, a perovskite light absorption layer and a metal electrode layer;

[0010] The method for installing a photovoltaic module on a drone includes the following steps:

[0011] A. Design the size and shape of the photovoltaic modules according to the UAV model;

[0012] B. Connect the photovoltaic module to the UAV power management system through a flexible conductive line;

[0013] C. Use electrostatic adsorption film or flexible clips to fix the photovoltaic modules on the surface of the drone.

[0014] In particular, the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for the drone has a structure comprising: a flexible substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second carrier transport layer and a metal electrode layer; on the upper side of the flexible substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second carrier transport layer and a metal electrode layer are arranged in sequence.

[0015] In particular, the method of installing perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules on drones:

[0016] (1) Installation area: The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module can be installed on the wing surface of a fixed-wing UAV or on the top of the main body of a rotary-wing UAV. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module adopts a modular design and is arranged in different areas to take into account both power generation efficiency and the aerodynamic performance of the UAV.

[0017] (2) Fixing method: PV modules are fixed by electrostatic adsorption film, flexible clips or magnetic adsorption structure;

[0018] (3) Electrical connection: Use lightweight flexible conductive lines such as flexible copper foil or conductive fiber to connect the photovoltaic modules to the drone power management system;

[0019] (4) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) module: To ensure that the PV panels can output maximum power under complex flight conditions such as different light intensities and flight attitudes, an efficient MPPT module is integrated into the system.

[0020] (5) Dual power supply mode: During flight, the photovoltaic module is used as the main power source, and the lithium battery is used as the backup power source. Through the intelligent battery management system, the energy scheduling between the photovoltaic module and the battery is automatically carried out;

[0021] (6) Real-time power monitoring: The system is equipped with a real-time power monitoring module that can provide instant feedback on the charging status of batteries and photovoltaic modules to avoid excessive power consumption.

[0022] In particular, photovoltaic modules installed on drones should be preferentially arranged to cover the non-stress-bearing areas of the drone.

[0023] In particular, the photovoltaic module rubs against the surface of the drone through the electrostatic film, which causes the electrostatic film to generate static charge adsorption, so that the photovoltaic module is closely attached to the top of the drone body. The photovoltaic module uses a packaging structure that is completely covered by two pieces of PDMS; the PDMS thickness is controlled within 100 microns.

[0024] In particular, in the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to the drone:

[0025] Flexible substrate: Choose lightweight flexible materials, including polyimide (PI), polyester film (PET) or PI+PET composite materials, to provide mechanical support, with a thickness of 5-100 microns;

[0026] Transparent electrode layer: ITO, IZO or IWO with high light transmittance is used and sputtered by PVD or RPD process;

[0027] Carrier transport layer: According to the different device structures of nip or pin, select NiOx, Spiro-OMeTAD type hole transport layer, or C60, SnOx, TiOx electron transport layer;

[0028] Perovskite light absorption layer: using FA-Cs-PbI3 multi-cation perovskite material;

[0029] Metal electrode layer: A metal electrode is used as the electrode material to ensure conductivity and good flexibility; wherein the metal electrode is copper, silver, gold or a composite electrode composed of copper, silver, gold and ITO.

[0030] In particular, the photovoltaic module preparation process is as follows:

[0031] (1) Preparation of transparent conductive layer, i.e. bottom electrode: magnetron sputtering technology is used to sputter and deposit a transparent conductive layer (ITO) on the surface of the PI film, with a transmittance of 80% and a square resistance of 10Ω / m 2 ;

[0032] (2) using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology to prepare NiOx with an oxygen flux of 13% to form a carrier layer as a hole transport layer;

[0033] (3) The perovskite layer was prepared by a slit coating process, the concentration of the precursor solution was 1 mol / L, and the pre-coated film was vacuum dried and then annealed at 120°C for 15 minutes to form a high-quality perovskite film;

[0034] (4) vacuum deposition of C60 as an electron transport layer;

[0035] (5) Using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, 20 nm SnOx was prepared as an interface modification layer;

[0036] (6) Vacuum thermal evaporation of copper as the top electrode with a thickness of 100 nm;

[0037] (7) Use PDMS packaging components to enhance mechanical stability and wet-heat stability;

[0038] The final module size is 100mm×100mm, the average photoelectric conversion efficiency is 21%, and the module mass is less than 50g / m 2 , suitable for wing integration of UAVs.

[0039] In particular, the perovskite light absorption layer of the photovoltaic module installed on the drone uses FA-Cs-PbI3 multi-cation perovskite material. The single-piece size of the photovoltaic module is 100mm×100mm, the thickness of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is 0.3mm, and the weight is 30g; the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module packaging adopts a PDMS / photovoltaic module / PDMS stacking structure, and the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module electrode extends to the side of the drone and is connected to the drone battery management system (BMS) to facilitate real-time power monitoring and power supply management.

[0040] In particular, the electrostatic film is made of transparent polymer electrostatic film with a thickness of 50μm, which has strong electrostatic adsorption ability and a friction charge density greater than 20μC / m 2 The surface of the electrostatic film is smooth and texture-free, and it can withstand high temperatures of 120°C and has strong UV resistance. The electrostatic adsorption force of the electrostatic film can reach 4-6N per square centimeter, which is enough to cope with vibration and wind pressure during flight.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The photovoltaic module adopts flexible perovskite technology, and the module design supports modularization and customization. Through packaging optimization, it can be installed on drones and adjusted according to the shape, area and power consumption requirements of different drones, greatly improving the photovoltaic power generation effect. The high photoelectric conversion efficiency is ≥20%. The photovoltaic module can generate electricity in real time during flight, and the unit area is ≤100g / m 2Lightweight and flexible, suitable for flexible laying, improving laying efficiency and laying accuracy, and effectively improving the absorption rate of solar energy by perovskite flexible batteries. It can be attached to the surface of the drone's wing or fuselage, forming a streamlined whole with the fuselage, with little effect on the weight and flight performance of the drone, effectively reducing the damage of the components to the aerodynamics, maintaining the flight stability of the drone, and further optimizing the flight efficiency, significantly increasing the drone's endurance. On sunny days or in strong light environments, the drone's endurance can be extended by 30%-50%, which is particularly suitable for tasks that require long-term flight, such as patrol monitoring, logistics transportation or environmental detection; even in harsh flight environments such as high humidity, high temperature or rapid temperature changes, it can maintain high stability. Avoid the problem of increased resistance that may be caused by traditional rigid photovoltaic components. Significantly enhance the drone's endurance, stability and environmental adaptability, while meeting the requirements of modern drones for lightweight, low cost and high efficiency. Improve the flexibility and efficiency of UAV missions. Through real-time power generation technology during flight, UAVs can perform longer continuous missions, such as long-distance logistics transportation, large-scale environmental monitoring, and long-term aerial operations, without frequent return charging, which greatly improves mission efficiency and execution flexibility, especially for remote areas and resource-scarce areas. Suitable for popularization and promotion, reducing operating and maintenance costs, can adapt to a variety of UAV types such as fixed-wing and rotary-wing, and is suitable for UAV models with strict weight requirements; especially small UAVs and long-flight UAVs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The following drawings are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. By referring to the following drawings, readers can understand the embodiments of the present invention and further understand the advantages and technical features of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram of the installation method of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for the drone of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] It should be noted that:

[0048] In the description of the present invention, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover other possible choices under the same logic that are not listed; the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the directions or positional relationships in which the invention product is usually placed when in use, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", etc. do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0049] For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. When there is a conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.

[0051] Perovskite solar cell modules are mainly composed of perovskite layers, charge transport layers including electron transport layers and hole transport layers, and electrodes. Its working principle is based on the photoelectric conversion effect of perovskite materials. When sunlight shines on the perovskite layer, photons are absorbed and stimulate electrons and holes. These carriers are then separated through the charge transport layer and collected on the electrodes, thereby generating current.

[0052] After research, it was found that perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules use lightweight flexible substrates such as PI and PET materials, and are mainly modular in design, with a unit weight of only 100g / m 2The energy output of the perovskite photovoltaic module is optimized through the maximum power point tracking MPPT technology, which can adapt to different lighting conditions. With the dual power supply mode of photovoltaic module main power supply + battery backup, the system can intelligently allocate energy regardless of sunny days, high light conditions or low light conditions blocked by clouds, so as to achieve stable all-weather operation of the drone and ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply system during flight.

[0053] The stability of perovskite solar cell modules is one of the key issues for their commercial application. In order to improve the stability of modules, various packaging technologies are being explored, such as the use of POE film and butyl adhesive with strong water vapor barrier capabilities. These packaging materials can effectively block the intrusion of water vapor and other harmful substances to extend the service life of the modules.

[0054] In this technical field, photovoltaic cells on solar drones are difficult to replace once they are laid under normal circumstances. It is usually required that the laying be successful once the design is completed. Therefore, the laying of photovoltaic cells for solar drones has also become a key issue affecting the quality and progress of the design, production, and assembly of solar drones. At the same time, the quality and effect of laying will directly affect the absorption of solar energy by photovoltaic cells; due to the existence of shading, laying in different positions will also lead to greater differences in performance. Among many solar cells, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention because of their low cost, simple preparation method, flexible preparation, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. At present, the highest efficiency record of single-junction small-area perovskite solar cells has reached 26.1%, and the efficiency record of single-junction perovskite modules is 18.6%, which shows that it is very promising in commercial applications. Flexible perovskite cells can be mass-produced through printing and coating processes, and because of their light weight and bendability, they have considerable application potential in wearable and portable electronic devices, unmanned systems and other fields. Through reasonable installation methods and maintenance strategies, their advantages can be fully utilized and long-lasting power support can be provided for drones.

[0055] In the present invention, as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown, the method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone includes the following steps:

[0056] A. Design the size and shape of the photovoltaic modules according to the UAV model;

[0057] B. Connect the photovoltaic module to the UAV power management system through a flexible conductive line;

[0058] C. Use electrostatic adsorption film or flexible clips to fix the photovoltaic components to the surface of the drone.

[0059] In the present invention, as shown in the attached Figure 2As shown, a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for drone applications. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module or photovoltaic module for short, its structure includes: a flexible substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second carrier transport layer and a metal electrode layer; on the upper side of the flexible substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second carrier transport layer and a metal electrode layer are sequentially arranged.

[0060] Flexible substrate: Choose lightweight flexible materials such as polyimide (PI), polyester film (PET) or PI+PET composite materials to provide mechanical support with a thickness of 5-100 microns and good resistance to high temperature, UV and wind.

[0061] Transparent electrode layer: ITO, IZO or IWO with high light transmittance is used and sputtered by PVD or RPD process;

[0062] Carrier transport layer: According to the different device structures of nip or pin, select NiOx, Spiro-OMeTAD type hole transport layer, or C60, SnOx, TiOx electron transport layer;

[0063] Perovskite light absorption layer: Multi-cation perovskite materials, such as FA-Cs-PbI3, are used to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and ensure its stability in high humidity and high temperature environments.

[0064] Metal electrode layer: Metal electrodes are used as electrode materials to ensure conductivity and good flexibility. The metal electrodes are copper, silver, gold or a composite electrode composed of copper, silver, gold and ITO.

[0065] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0066] The content of the present invention can be more easily understood by referring to the following examples.

[0067] Embodiment 1:

[0068] In this embodiment, the components are designed and prepared;

[0069] The flexible substrate is made of polyimide (PI) film with a thickness of 30μm, which has excellent mechanical flexibility and heat resistance, ensuring the normal operation of the component under dynamic bending and high temperature conditions; the perovskite light absorption layer uses FA-Cs-PbI3, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, excellent wet-heat stability and low-temperature preparation. It is adapted to the flexible polyimide (PI) substrate to obtain a flexible photovoltaic component with an efficiency of 21%.

[0070] The preparation process of perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules suitable for drones is as follows:

[0071] (1) Preparation of transparent conductive layer, i.e. bottom electrode: magnetron sputtering technology is used to sputter and deposit a transparent conductive layer (ITO) on the surface of the PI film, with a transmittance of 80% and a square resistance of 10Ω / m 2 ;

[0072] (2) using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology to prepare NiOx with an oxygen flux of 13% to form a carrier layer as a hole transport layer;

[0073] (3) The perovskite layer was prepared by a slit coating process, the concentration of the precursor solution was 1 mol / L, and the pre-coated film was vacuum dried and then annealed at 120°C for 15 minutes to form a high-quality perovskite film;

[0074] (4) vacuum deposition of C60 as an electron transport layer;

[0075] (5) Using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, 20 nm SnOx was prepared as an interface modification layer;

[0076] (6) Vacuum thermal evaporation of 100nm copper as the top electrode. Thickness 100nm;

[0077] (7) Use PDMS packaging components to enhance mechanical stability and wet-heat stability.

[0078] The final perovskite flexible photovoltaic module has a size of 100mm×100mm, an average photoelectric conversion efficiency of 21%, and a mass of less than 50g / m 2 , suitable for wing integration of UAVs.

[0079] In this embodiment, the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for drones is integrated and modified into the drones;

[0080] The experiment uses a fixed-wing UAV with a wingspan of 2m, a total weight of 2.5kg, a maximum flight speed of 20m / s, and a flight time of 60 minutes without loading photovoltaic modules. The wing surface is a smooth structure, which is convenient for the integration of photovoltaic modules.

[0081] The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module covers 75% of the wing surface to maximize the power generation area while avoiding significant impact on the aerodynamic performance of the drone due to module shading. The installation method is as follows:

[0082] (1) Use thermal conductive adhesive to stick the photovoltaic module to the wing surface to ensure a tight fit;

[0083] (2) Optimize the edge packaging of the module to avoid the impact of wind speed on the module peeling;

[0084] (3) Measure the aerodynamic changes between the component and the wing surface and adjust the installation angle to reduce wind resistance.

[0085] (4) After installation, the total weight of the UAV increased by 0.2 kg, and the smoothness of the wing surface remained good.

[0086] In this embodiment, flight testing;

[0087] The test was conducted in a sunny environment without obvious wind speed interference. The drone was compared with a drone without photovoltaic modules. Each test lasted 60 minutes, and the test items included hovering, cruising and maneuvering flight. By recording the remaining battery level, flight time, output power, voltage and current of the photovoltaic modules, the stability of the modules during flight and the impact on the improvement of endurance were evaluated. The test results show that when the drone flies under sunny conditions, the photovoltaic modules provide an additional 25% of power, and the endurance is extended to 1.5 times the original. In addition, the installation of perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules has little effect on the aerodynamic performance of the drone, and the cruising speed, maneuverability and hovering stability have not changed significantly. In multiple flight tests, the modules did not fall off, warp or crack, and the output performance was stable, indicating that the mechanical reliability of perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules is high under flight vibration and airflow impact.

[0088] Embodiment 2:

[0089] In this embodiment, for the selection of a rotor drone suitable for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module, a quadcopter is preferred, the top of the main body of which is flat and suitable for the installation of a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module. The top size of the drone main body is 200mm×200mm, and the surface material is a carbon fiber composite material.

[0090] In this embodiment, the perovskite light absorption layer in the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for installation in the rotary-wing drone is preferably made of FA-Cs-PbI3 multi-cation perovskite material, with a single piece size of 200mm×200mm, a module thickness of 0.3mm, and a weight of 30g. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module encapsulation adopts a PDMS / photovoltaic module / PDMS stacking structure to enhance mechanical strength and waterproof performance. The electrodes of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module extend to the side of the drone and are connected to the drone battery management system (BMS) for real-time power monitoring and power supply management.

[0091] In this embodiment, the electrostatic adsorption film method is preferred for installing the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module on the surface of the rotary-wing drone;

[0092] The friction between the electrostatic film and the surface of the drone and the photovoltaic module generates static charge on the adsorption film, forming "electrostatic adhesion", so that the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is closely attached to the top of the drone body. A transparent polymer electrostatic film with a thickness of 50μm is selected, which has strong electrostatic adsorption ability and a friction charge density greater than 20μC / m 2The surface of the membrane is smooth and texture-free, and it is resistant to high temperatures of 120°C and has strong UV resistance. The electrostatic adsorption force can reach 4-6N per square centimeter, which is enough to cope with vibration and wind pressure during flight.

[0093] In this embodiment, a flight test is performed after a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is installed on the surface of a rotary-wing UAV;

[0094] Start the drone rotor to simulate the high-frequency vibration during flight and observe whether the components are loose or slipping; compare the drone flight time before and after installing the photovoltaic components. 2 Under these conditions, the additional contribution of photovoltaic modules to the battery power supply of the UAV was tested; the experiment showed that this installation method worked stably in a complex airflow environment, the power generation power of the photovoltaic modules was stable, and it could provide auxiliary power supply for the UAV and meet the endurance requirements of multiple take-off and landing missions.

[0095] Example 3: A perovskite flexible photovoltaic module packaging structure suitable for drone applications is shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown:

[0096] In order to ensure that the flexible components have good stability under working conditions, a "sandwich" packaging structure is adopted. As shown in the figure, two pieces of PDMS are used to completely cover the perovskite components. The thickness of PDMS is controlled within 100 microns to ensure that the photovoltaic components after packaging still maintain good conformability and high power-to-weight ratio.

[0097] Among them, the performance indicators of perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules are:

[0098] Photoelectric conversion efficiency ≥ 20%;

[0099] Weight per unit area ≤10g / m 2 ;

[0100] Bending radius ≤ 10cm;

[0101] The encapsulation layer has multiple protection functions such as UV protection, high temperature resistance, and moisture resistance.

[0102] Example 4: One of the application experiments of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module installed on a drone:

[0103] (1) Installation area: The photovoltaic module can be installed on the wing surface of a fixed-wing UAV or on the top of the main body of a rotary-wing UAV. The module adopts a modular design and is arranged in different areas to take into account both power generation efficiency and the aerodynamic performance of the UAV.

[0104] (2) Fixing method: Photovoltaic modules can be fixed by electrostatic adsorption film, flexible clips or magnetic adsorption structure to ensure that the modules will not fall off due to airflow or vibration during flight. It is easy to install and disassemble, and can meet the assembly requirements of different drones.

[0105] (3) Electrical connection: Use lightweight flexible conductive circuits such as flexible copper foil or conductive fiber to connect the photovoltaic modules to the drone power management system to ensure the stability and safety of power output.

[0106] (4) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) module: To ensure that the PV panels can output maximum power under complex flight conditions such as different light intensities and flight attitudes, an efficient MPPT module is integrated into the system to achieve real-time power optimization.

[0107] (5) Dual power supply mode: During flight, the photovoltaic modules serve as the main power source, and the lithium battery serves as the backup power source. Through the intelligent battery management system, the energy scheduling between the photovoltaic modules and the battery is automatically carried out to ensure stable operation around the clock.

[0108] (7) Real-time power monitoring: The system is equipped with a real-time power monitoring module that can provide instant feedback on the charging status of batteries and photovoltaic modules to avoid excessive power consumption.

[0109] Example 5: Application experiment 2 of perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules installed on drones:

[0110] In the experiment, 24 interconnected perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules were installed on a palm-sized quadcopter drone. The weight of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is only 1 / 400 of the weight of the drone, but it is enough to support the drone to achieve energy autonomy in the flight-charge-flight cycle.

[0111] Based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention, so as to avoid exhaustively listing all implementation methods that are unnecessary and impossible to list comprehensively.

Claims

1. A method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized in that: The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for drones is fixed to the surface of the drone by means of an electrostatic adsorption film, a flexible buckle or a magnetic adsorption method, and matches the surface structure of the drone; The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to the UAV, referred to as the photovoltaic module, comprises a flexible substrate, a transparent electrode, a carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a metal electrode layer; The method for installing a photovoltaic module on a drone includes the following steps: A. Design the size and shape of the photovoltaic modules according to the UAV model; B. Connect the photovoltaic module to the UAV power management system through a flexible conductive line; C. Use electrostatic adsorption film or flexible clips to fix the photovoltaic modules on the surface of the drone.

2. A perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles, characterized in that: The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for the drone has a structure comprising: a flexible substrate, a transparent electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a second carrier transport layer and a metal electrode layer; on the upper side of the flexible substrate, the transparent electrode layer, the first carrier transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the second carrier transport layer and the metal electrode layer are arranged in sequence.

3. The method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: Method for installing perovskite flexible photovoltaic modules on drones: (1) Installation area: The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module can be installed on the wing surface of a fixed-wing UAV or on the top of the main body of a rotary-wing UAV. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module adopts a modular design and is arranged in different areas to take into account both power generation efficiency and the aerodynamic performance of the UAV. (2) Fixing method: PV modules are fixed by electrostatic adsorption film, flexible clips or magnetic adsorption structure; (3) Electrical connection: Use lightweight flexible conductive lines such as flexible copper foil or conductive fiber to connect the photovoltaic modules to the drone power management system; (4) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) module: To ensure that the PV panels can output maximum power under complex flight conditions such as different light intensities and flight attitudes, an efficient MPPT module is integrated into the system. (5) Dual power supply mode: During flight, the photovoltaic module is used as the main power source, and the lithium battery is used as the backup power source. Through the intelligent battery management system, the energy scheduling between the photovoltaic module and the battery is automatically carried out; (6) Real-time power monitoring: The system is equipped with a real-time power monitoring module that can provide instant feedback on the charging status of batteries and photovoltaic modules to avoid excessive power consumption.

4. The method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic components installed on the drone are preferably arranged to cover the non-stress-bearing areas of the drone.

5. The method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module is rubbed against the surface of the drone through the electrostatic film, causing the electrostatic film to generate static charge adsorption, allowing the photovoltaic module to cling to the top of the drone body.

6. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module uses a packaging structure that is completely covered by two pieces of PDMS; the PDMS thickness is controlled within 100 microns.

7. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for drones according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to the drone: Flexible substrate: Choose lightweight flexible materials, including polyimide (PI), polyester film (PET) or PI+PET composite materials, to provide mechanical support, with a thickness of 5-100 microns; Transparent electrode layer: ITO, IZO or IWO with high light transmittance is used and sputtered by PVD or RPD process; Carrier transport layer: According to the different device structures of nip or pin, select NiOx, Spiro-OMeTAD type hole transport layer, or C60, SnOx, TiOx electron transport layer; Perovskite light absorption layer: using FA-Cs-PbI3 multi-cation perovskite material; Metal electrode layer: A metal electrode is used as the electrode material to ensure conductivity and good flexibility; wherein the metal electrode is copper, silver, gold or a composite electrode composed of copper, silver, gold and ITO.

8. The perovskite flexible photovoltaic module suitable for a drone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process flow of photovoltaic module preparation is as follows: (1) Preparation of transparent conductive layer, i.e. bottom electrode: magnetron sputtering technology is used to sputter and deposit a transparent conductive layer (ITO) on the surface of the PI film, with a transmittance of 80% and a square resistance of 10Ω / m 2 ; (2) using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology to prepare NiOx with an oxygen flux of 13% to form a carrier layer as a hole transport layer; (3) The perovskite layer was prepared by a slit coating process, the concentration of the precursor solution was 1 mol / L, and the pre-coated film was vacuum dried and then annealed at 120°C for 15 minutes to form a high-quality perovskite film; (4) vacuum deposition of C60 as an electron transport layer; (5) Using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, 20 nm SnOx was prepared as an interface modification layer; (6) Vacuum thermal evaporation of 100 nm copper as the top electrode with a thickness of 100 nm; (7) Use PDMS packaging components to enhance mechanical stability and wet-heat stability; The final module size is 100mm×100mm, the average photoelectric conversion efficiency is 21%, and the module mass is less than 50g / m 2 , suitable for wing integration of UAVs.

9. The method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic module applicable to a drone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The perovskite light absorption layer of the photovoltaic module installed on the drone uses FA-Cs-PbI3 multi-cation perovskite material. The single-piece size of the photovoltaic module is 200mm×200mm, the thickness of the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module is 0.3mm, and the weight is 30g; the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module packaging adopts a PDMS / photovoltaic module / PDMS stacking structure, and the perovskite flexible photovoltaic module electrode extends to the side of the drone and is connected to the drone battery management system (BMS) to facilitate real-time power monitoring and power supply management.

10. The method for installing a perovskite flexible photovoltaic group suitable for a drone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrostatic film is made of transparent polymer electrostatic film with a thickness of 50μm. It has strong electrostatic adsorption ability and a friction charge density greater than 20μC / m 2 The surface of the electrostatic film is smooth and texture-free, and it can withstand high temperatures of 120°C and has strong UV resistance. The electrostatic adsorption force of the electrostatic film can reach 4-6N per square centimeter, which is enough to cope with vibration and wind pressure during flight.

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