Network node based beam prediction for cell group settings

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit, to a first serving cell, one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The UE may receive, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The UE may transmit a random access channel (RACH) uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and techniques and apparatus for network node based beam prediction for cell group setup, such as for secondary cell group (SCG) setup. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communications for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from a network node to a UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communications, such as via a local link (e.g., a side link (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples).

[0004] The above-mentioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, region and / or global level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectrum efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and / or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink to better integrate with other open standards, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR and other radio access technologies remain useful. Summary of the invention

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a user equipment (UE). The method may include: sending one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell to a first serving cell. The method may include: receiving an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell from the first serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The method may include: sending a random access channel (RACH) uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a network node associated with a first serving cell. The method may include receiving, from a UE, one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell. The method may include determining, based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements, one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell. The method may include sending, to the UE, an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to send one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first service cell to a first service cell. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell from the first service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first service cell. The one or more processors may be configured to send a RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communications. The network node may be associated with a first serving cell. The network node may include: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to: receive one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from a UE. The one or more processors may be configured to: determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements. The one or more processors may be configured to: send an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell to the UE.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a UE. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: send one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first service cell to a first service cell. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: receive an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell from the first service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first service cell. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: send a RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a network node associated with a first serving cell. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to: receive one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from a UE. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to: determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to: send an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell to the UE.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for sending one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell to a first serving cell. The apparatus may include components for receiving an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell from the first serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The apparatus may include components for sending a RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from a UE, one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first serving cell. The apparatus may include means for determining, based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements, one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell. The apparatus may include means for sending, to the UE, an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0013] The various aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the drawings and description and as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0014] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitations of the claims.

[0015] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers) for analog and digital purposes. The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to fully understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam management procedure according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network intelligence enabled by data collection according to the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example of artificial intelligence / machine learning based beam management according to the present disclosure.

[0023] 7A to 7C and Figures 8 to 10 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with network node-based beam prediction for secondary cell group setting according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example process, for example, performed by a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 13 to Figure 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Instead, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the protection scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functionality, or structures and functionality in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or RATs beyond 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0030] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. The network node 110 is a network node that communicates with the UE 120. As shown in the figure, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, which means that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 may be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), which means that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0031] In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with the UE 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, the network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. The network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a radio access network (RAN), or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks) using any suitable transport network.

[0032] In some examples, the network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​the network node 110 and / or the network node subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. The network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by a UE 120 associated with the femto cell (e.g., a UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1In the example shown, network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. The network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cells may move according to the location of the mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0033] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a plurality of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeatedly perform at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions, but not another base station function. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0034] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that is capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown in , a network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120d to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, etc.

[0035] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0036] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0037] UE 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0038] Some UEs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors and / or location tags, which may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included in a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operably coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0039] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. Frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0040] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other) using one or more side link channels. For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0041] The devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., according to frequency or wavelength. For example, the devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although portions of FR1 are greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "below 6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0042] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz–114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz–300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0043] Considering the above examples, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may be lower than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0044] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communications manager 140. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, communications manager 140 may send to a first serving cell one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell; receive from the first serving cell an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell; and send to the second serving cell a random access channel (RACH) uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0045] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive from a UE one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first serving cell; determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements; and send to the UE an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0046] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0047] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as an antenna 234 and a modem 254. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include a radio frequency component that facilitates direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0048] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for a UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from a data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE 120, and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set (e.g., T modems) of modems 232 (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (eg, T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (eg, T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0049] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0050] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0051] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. The antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), sets of coplanar antenna elements, sets of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or may be coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0052] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and sent to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform the functions described herein (eg, with reference to 7A to 7C and Figures 8 to 14 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0053] At the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 232), detected by the MIMO detector 236 (where applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink communication and / or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to 7A to 7C and Figures 8 to 14 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0054] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other components of the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or the like may perform one or more techniques associated with network node-based beam prediction for cell group setup (e.g., for secondary cell group (SCG) setup), as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of the Fig.11 Process 1100, Fig.12 1200 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation), may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Fig.11 Process 1100, Fig.12 The process 1200 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0055] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE 120) includes: means for sending one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell to a first serving cell; means for receiving an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell from the first serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell; and / or means for sending a RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. The means for the UE to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communications manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0056] In some aspects, a network node associated with a first serving cell (e.g., network node 110) includes: a component for receiving one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from a UE; a component for determining one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements; and / or a component for sending an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell to the UE. The components for the network node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0057] Although Figure 2 The blocks in the 2000 and 2010 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above with respect to these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0058] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0059] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

[0060] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0061] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a decomposed base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A decomposed base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a decomposed base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0062] Figure 3 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated control units, such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via an F1 interface. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0063] Each of the units (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units may include a wired interface and a wireless interface, the wired interface being configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, and the wireless interface may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), which is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0064] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0065] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to a functional partitioning (such as that defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0066] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions based on functional split (e.g., functional split defined by 3GPP) (such as lower layer functional split), or low PHY layer functions (such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc.). In this architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0067] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RTRIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0068] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0069] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0070] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0071] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420 of beam management procedures according to the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, examples 400, 410, and 420 include UE 120 communicating with network node 110 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). Figure 4 The devices shown are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between UE 120 and network node 110 or TRP, between mobile terminal node and control node, between IAB child node and IAB parent node, and / or between scheduled node and scheduling node). In some aspects, UE 120 and network node 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., RRC connected state).

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, example 400 may include a network node 110 (e.g., one or more network node devices such as a RU, DU, and / or CU) and a UE 120, the network node communicating with the UE to perform beam management using a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS). Example 400 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., P1 CSI-RS beam management). The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam scanning procedure, a cell search procedure, and / or a beam search procedure. Figure 4As shown in example 400, CSI-RS may be configured to be sent from network node 110 to UE 120. CSI-RS may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling), semi-persistent (e.g., using medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling), and / or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI)).

[0073] The first beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam scanning on multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network node 110 may transmit a CSI-RS using each transmit beam used for beam management. In order to enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam scanning, the network node may transmit (e.g., repeat) each CSI-RS multiple times within the same reference signal (RS) resource set using a transmit beam, so that the UE 120 may sweep the receive beam in multiple transmit instances. For example, if the network node 110 has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receive beams, the CSI-RS may be transmitted M times on each of the N transmit beams, so that the UE 120 may receive M instances of the CSI-RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node 110, the UE 120 may perform beam scanning on the receive beam of the UE 120. Thus, the first beam management procedure may enable UE 120 to measure CSI-RS on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of network node 110 transmit beam / UE 120 receive beam pairs. UE 120 may report the measurements to network node 110 to enable network node 110 to select one or more beam pairs for communication between network node 110 and UE 120. Although example 400 has been described in conjunction with CSI-RS, the first beam management procedure may also use synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) to perform beam management in a similar manner as described above.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, example 410 may include network node 110 and UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RS. Example 410 depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., P2 CSI-RS beam management). The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a network node beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, and / or a transmit beam refinement procedure. Figure 4As shown in example 410, the CSI-RS may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RS may be configured to be non-periodic (e.g., using DCI). The second beam management procedure may include the network node 110 performing beam scanning on one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node 110 (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements reported by the UE 120 in conjunction with the first beam management procedure). The network node 110 may transmit the CSI-RS using each of the one or more transmit beams used for beam management. The UE 120 may measure each CSI-RS using a single (e.g., identical) receive beam (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements performed in conjunction with the first beam management procedure). The second beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 to select the best transmit beam based at least in part on measurements of the CSI-RS reported by the UE 120 (e.g., measured by the UE 120 using a single receive beam).

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, example 420 depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., P3 CSI-RS beam management). The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, and / or a receive beam refinement procedure. Figure 4 As shown in example 420, one or more CSI-RS may be configured to be sent from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RS may be configured to be non-periodic (e.g., using DCI). The third beam management procedure may include the network node 110 sending the one or more CSI-RS using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements reported by the UE 120 in conjunction with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure). In order to enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam scanning, the network node may use the transmit beam to send the CSI-RS multiple times (e.g., with repetitions) within the same RS resource set, so that the UE 120 can sweep across one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements performed in conjunction with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure). The third beam management procedure may enable the network node 110 and / or the UE 120 to select the best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurements received from the UE 120 (e.g., the reported measurements are measurements of the CSI-RS of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams).

[0076] Wireless networks may operate at higher frequency bands, such as within millimeter wave (mmW) bands (e.g., FR2 above 28 GHz, FR4 above 60 GHz, or THz bands above 100 GHz, etc.), to provide high data rates. For example, wireless devices (such as network nodes and UEs) may communicate with each other through beamforming techniques to improve communication speed and reliability. Beamforming techniques may enable wireless devices to send signals in a specific direction, rather than sending omnidirectional signals in all directions. In some examples, a wireless device may send signals from multiple antenna elements using a wavelength and phase that are common to the transmissions from the multiple antenna elements, and the signals from the multiple antenna elements may be combined to create a combined signal with a longer range and a more directional beam. The beam width of the signal may vary based on the transmission frequency. For example, the width of the beam may be negatively correlated with the frequency, wherein the beam width may decrease as the transmission frequency increases, because more radiating elements may be placed in each given area at the transmitter due to a smaller wavelength. Therefore, compared with the beam structure under FR2 or below, the higher frequency band (e.g., THz or sub-THz band) can enable the wireless device to form a much narrower beam structure (e.g., pencil beam, laser beam or narrow beam, etc.), because more radiating elements can be placed in each given area at the antenna element due to the smaller wavelength. The higher frequency band may have a short delay spread (e.g., a few nanoseconds) and can be converted into a coherent frequency bandwidth of tens of MHz. In addition, the higher frequency band can provide a huge available bandwidth, which can be occupied by a larger bandwidth carrier, such as 1000MHz or more per carrier. In some examples, the transmission path of the narrower beam may be more likely to be customized for the receiver, so that the transmission may be more likely to meet the line of sight (LOS) condition, because the narrower beam may be more likely to reach the receiver without being blocked by obstacles. Moreover, since the transmission path may be narrow, transmission and / or refraction may be less likely to occur for the narrower beam.

[0077] Although higher frequency bands may provide a more efficient beam structure and a higher transmission rate, higher frequency bands may also encounter higher attenuation and diffraction losses, wherein the obstruction of the LOS path may degrade the quality of the wireless link. For example, when two wireless devices communicate with each other based on a LOS path in a higher frequency band and the LOS path is blocked by obstacles such as pedestrians, buildings, and / or vehicles, the received power may drop significantly. Therefore, compared with lower frequency bands, wireless communications based on higher frequency bands may be more susceptible to environmental changes. In order to ensure that the UE 120 and the network node 110 communicate using the best beam or beam pair, beam management procedures (e.g., such as in conjunction with Figure 4The beam management procedures described herein may be performed by the UE 120 and / or the network node 110. However, because higher frequency bands may be more susceptible to environmental changes than lower frequency bands, it may be necessary to perform the beam management procedures more frequently and / or using additional beams. This may introduce significant overhead and consume network resources, processing resources, and / or power resources of the UE (and / or the network node) associated with performing the beam management procedures.

[0078] As indicated above, Figure 4 is provided as an example of a beam management procedure. Other examples of beam management procedures can be found in Figure 4 For example, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and / or the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.

[0079] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example architecture 500 illustrating a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection according to the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be implemented by further enhancing data collection through use cases and / or examples. For example, principles or algorithms of RAN intelligence enabled by artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) and associated functional frameworks (e.g., AI functionality and / or input / output of components for enabling optimization of artificial intelligence (AI)) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of an AI-enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management and / or coverage optimization, etc.). In one example, as shown in architecture 500, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 502, a model inference host 504, a data source 506, and an actor 508.

[0080] The model inference host 504 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on the inference data provided by the data source 506, and the model inference host 504 may generate an output (e.g., a prediction) using the inference data input to the actor 508. The actor 508 may be an element or entity of the core network or RAN. For example, the actor 508 may be a UE, a network node, a base station (e.g., a gNB), a CU, a DU, and / or a RU, etc. In addition, the actor 508 may also depend on the type of task performed by the model inference host 504, the type of inference data provided to the model inference host 504, and / or the type of output generated by the model inference host 504. For example, if the output from the model inference host 504 is associated with beam management, the actor 508 may be a UE, a DU, or a RU; and if the output from the model inference host 504 is associated with Tx / Rx scheduling, the actor 508 may be a CU or a DU.

[0081] After the actor 508 receives the output from the model inference host 504, the actor 508 may determine whether to take action based on the output. For example, if the actor 508 is a DU or RU, and the output from the model inference host 504 is associated with beam management, the actor 508 may determine whether to change / modify the Tx / Rx beam based on the output. If the actor 508 determines an action based on the output, the actor 508 may indicate the action to at least one action subject 510. For example, if the actor 508 determines to change / modify the Tx / Rx beam used for communication between the actor 508 and the action subject 510 (e.g., UE 120), the actor 508 may send a beam (re) configuration or beam switching indication to the action subject 510. The actor 508 may modify its Tx / Rx beam based on the beam (re) configuration, such as switching to a new Tx / Rx beam or applying different parameters to the Tx / Rx beam. As another example, the actor 508 may be a UE, and the output from the model inference host 504 may be associated with beam management. For example, the output may be one or more predicted measurements for one or more beams. The actor 508 (e.g., a UE) determines to send a measurement report (e.g., a layer 1 (L1) RSRP report) to the network node 110.

[0082] The data source 506 may also be configured to collect data that is used as training data for training a machine learning (ML) model or as inference data for feeding an ML model inference operation. For example, the data source 506 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities (which may include an action subject 510) and provide the collected data to the model training host 502 for ML model training. For example, after the action subject 510 (e.g., UE 120) receives a beam configuration from an actor 508, the action subject 510 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data source 506, wherein the performance feedback may be used by the model training host 502 to monitor or evaluate ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the actor 508 is accurate. In some examples, if the output provided by the actor 508 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold), the model training host 502 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via ML model deployment / update.

[0083] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0084] Figure 6 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of AI / ML-based beam management according to the present disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, the AI / ML model 610 may be deployed at or on the UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as the model inference host 504) may be deployed at or on the UE 120. The AI / ML model 610 may enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to the AI / ML model 610.

[0085] For example, as shown by reference numeral 615, the input of the AI / ML model 610 may include measurements associated with the first beam set. For example, the network node 110 may send one or more signals via corresponding beams from the first beam set. The UE 120 may perform measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) on the first beam set to obtain a first measurement set. For example, each beam from the first beam set may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first measurement set (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) together with information associated with the first beam set and / or the second beam set (such as beam direction (e.g., spatial direction), beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of corresponding beams from the first beam set and / or the second beam set) into the AI / ML model 610.

[0086] As shown by reference numeral 620, the AI / ML model 610 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values ​​associated with the second beam set (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values). This may reduce the number of beam measurements performed by the UE 120, thereby converting the power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would otherwise be used to measure all beams included in the first beam set and the second beam set. This type of prediction may be referred to as codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction.

[0087] As another example, the output of the AI / ML model 610 may include the point direction, angle of departure (AoD), and / or angle of arrival (AoA) of the beams included in the second beam set. This type of prediction may be referred to as non-codebook based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement reports or values ​​collected at different time points may be input to the AI / ML model 610. This may enable the AI / ML model 610 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook based predictions of measurement values, AoD and / or AoA, etc. for beams at future times. As described herein, the output of the AI / ML model 610 may facilitate initial access procedures, SCG setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., as described above in conjunction with Figure 4 The P2 beam management procedure or the P3 beam management procedure), link quality or interference adaptation procedure, beam failure and / or beam blocking prediction and / or radio link failure prediction, etc.

[0088] In some examples, beam measurement prediction may be performed by a UE (e.g., Figure 6) and / or performed by the network node 110 in a manner similar to that described above. For example, the network node 110 may receive one or more measurements (e.g., performed by the UE 120) and may use the AI / ML model 610 to predict one or more measurements (e.g., of other beams) based at least in part on the one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. For example, the prediction may be performed by the network node 110 because the network node 110 may have more processing resources and / or greater processing power than the UE 120. Additionally, the network node 110 may have access to historical measurement reports and / or measurement reports from other UEs, which may be used as input to the AI / ML model 610 (e.g., which may improve the accuracy of the output of the AI / ML model 610). The prediction may be performed by the UE 120 because the UE 120 may have access to filtered measurements of all beams (e.g., not all measurements may be reported to the network node 110). Additionally, the UE 120 may have information about the receive beam used to derive or perform the measurement (e.g., which may be a useful input to the AI / ML model 610). As another example, the measurement information at the UE 120 may be "raw" or non-quantized, thereby providing more information that may be input into the AI / ML model 610. Furthermore, the UE 120 may know the orientation or rotational position of the UE 120.

[0089] In some examples, a first set of beams (e.g., measured) may be referred to as set B beams, and a second set of beams (e.g., associated with predicted measurements) may be referred to as set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., set A beams). In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, a first set of beams (e.g., set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams with a beam width that satisfies a first threshold), and a second set of beams (e.g., set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams with a beam width that satisfies a second threshold). In one example, the AI / ML model 610 may perform spatial domain downlink beam prediction of beams included in set A beams based on measurement results of beams included in set B beams. As another example, the AI / ML model 610 may perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in the set A beams based on historical measurements of beams included in the set B beams.

[0090] In some examples, the AI / ML model 610 may be deployed at the UE 120 to perform cross-frequency range beam prediction for the SCG setup procedure. In this case, the set B beam (e.g., measurement resource) may be a beam associated with an SSB and / or CSI-RS in a first serving cell in a master cell group (MCG) operating in FR1 or FR3, and the set A beam (e.g., prediction target) may be a beam associated with an SSB in a second, non-activated serving cell in an SCG operating in FR2. The linkage between the set B beam and the set A beam may be indicated to the UE 120 by the FR1 / FR3 serving cell or the FR2 serving cell, and the AI / ML model 610 deployed on the UE 120 may predict the best SSB and / or RACH resource for communicating with the FR2 serving cell based on the measurement of the set B beam and the linkage between the set B beam and the set A beam. Measuring a large number of SSBs in FR2 for SCG setup may have high latency and may cause the UE 120 to consume a lot of power. Compared to the UE 120 measuring a large number of SSBs in FR2 for SCG setting, AI / ML-based cross-frequency range beam prediction using the AI / ML model 610 deployed at the UE 120 can reduce latency. However, due to the limitation of AI / ML computing resources and / or power on the device, some UEs may not be able to efficiently predict FR2 channel characteristics based on link and AI / ML calculations.

[0091] Some techniques and apparatus described herein implement network node-based beam prediction for SCG setup. In some aspects, a UE may send one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first service cell (e.g., of an MCG operating in a first frequency range) to a first service cell. A network node (e.g., a network node associated with the first service cell) may determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell (e.g., of an SCG operating in a second frequency range) based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first service cell. For example, the network node may use a machine learning (ML) model to determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first service cell. The first service cell may send, and the UE may receive, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell. The UE may send a RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell. Thus, AI / ML computations to be performed by the UE for beam prediction based SCG setup are reduced or eliminated, which enables beam prediction based SCG setup to be used for more UEs (e.g., including UEs that lack AI / ML computational resources to efficiently deploy AI / ML models to predict beam characteristics of a beam associated with a second serving cell). This can result in reduced latency and UE power consumption for the SCG setup procedure.

[0092] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0093] 7A to 7C 700A to 700C are diagrams illustrating examples of network node-based beam prediction for SCG settings according to the present disclosure. Fig. 7A As shown in , example 700A includes communications between UE 120, a first serving cell, and a second serving cell. For example, UE 120 may communicate with a first network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the first serving cell and a second network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, UE 120, the first network node, and the second network node may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0094] In some aspects, the first service cell may be a service cell in an MCG, and the second service cell may be a service cell in an SCG. In some aspects, the first service cell may operate in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3), and the second service cell may operate in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4). For example, the first service cell may use a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) to send and receive RF signals, and the second service cell may use a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 and FR4) to send and receive RF signals. As shown in figure numeral 702, the first service cell may use a first beam set associated with the first service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). As shown in figure numeral 704, the second service cell may use a second beam set associated with the second service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). In some aspects, the first service cell and the second service cell may be co-located. For example, the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be network nodes co-located at the same geographical location (e.g., DU or RU), or the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be the same network node (e.g., CU or DU).

[0095] like Fig. 7A As shown, and by reference numeral 705, the first serving cell may send a request for channel measurement of a beam associated with the first serving cell to UE 120. UE 120 may receive the request for channel measurement. For example, the request may be included in an RRC message or a MAC-CE or a DCI. The request for channel measurement may be a request to perform one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) sent on a corresponding beam from the first serving cell and to send feedback (e.g., a report) indicating the channel measurement to the first serving cell. For example, the request may indicate a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) in which one or more channel measurements are performed. The one or more channel measurements may be measurements associated with channel characteristics of a downlink channel between the first serving cell and UE 120. For example, the requested channel measurement may include a corresponding channel impulse response (CIR) measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, the requested channel measurement may include an L1 RSRP measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell.

[0096] In some aspects, a first serving cell (e.g., in an MCG) may send a request for channel measurements associated with the first serving cell during a setup procedure (e.g., a setup procedure of an SCG) of a second serving cell of UE 120. For example, in a case where the SCG has not yet been activated for UE 120, the first serving cell in the MCG may send a request to UE 120 to initiate activation of a second serving cell in the SCG for UE 120. In some aspects, during a setup procedure for a second serving cell in an SCG for operating in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4), UE 120 may receive from the first serving cell a request to perform one or more channel measurements (e.g., CIR measurements and / or L1 RSRP measurements) on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RS) sent by the first serving cell in the MCG in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3).

[0097] like Fig. 7A As further shown, and by reference numeral 710, the first serving cell may transmit one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for the requested one or more channel measurements, and the UE 120 may receive the one or more downlink reference signals for the requested one or more channel measurements. For example, the first serving cell in the MCG may transmit one or more downlink reference signals in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) using different beams associated with the first serving cell. As shown in reference numeral 715, the UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals transmitted by the first serving cell. For example, the UE 120 may perform the requested channel measurements on the downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) transmitted by the first serving cell in the downlink reference signal resources indicated in the request. The UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals based at least in part on receiving a request for one or more channel measurements.

[0098] In some aspects, one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding CIR for each of one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3). Additionally or alternatively, one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3). In some aspects, performing a channel measurement (e.g., a CIR measurement) for a downlink reference signal may include one or more measurements of the downlink reference signal and one or more calculations for determining a channel measurement or channel characteristic (e.g., CIR) based on the measurement of the downlink reference signal.

[0099] like Fig. 7A As further shown, and by reference numeral 720, UE 120 may send an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell to a first serving cell (e.g., to a first network node associated with the first serving cell). The first serving cell (e.g., the first network node associated with the first serving cell) may receive an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from UE 120. For example, UE 120 may send feedback or a report (e.g., in an uplink channel communication) including the indication of the one or more channel measurements to the first serving cell based at least in part on receiving a request for the one or more channel measurements. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more channel measurements may indicate a respective CIR for each of the one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell). Additionally or alternatively, the indication of one or more channel measurements may indicate a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell).

[0100] like Fig. 7AAs further shown, and by reference numeral 725, in some aspects, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell in conjunction with receiving an indication of one or more channel measurements from UE 120. In some aspects, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may communicate with the second serving cell (e.g., a second network node associated with the second serving cell) to obtain information about a beam associated with the second serving cell. For example, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell to identify an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier associated with the second serving cell that corresponds to downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) that correspond to a different beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0101] As indicated by reference numeral 730, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements of beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., one or more channel measurements received from UE 120). The one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell may be candidate beams to be used for communication between UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., in an SCG). In the event that a timing advance (TA) configured for UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid in the second serving cell, the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell may be one or more candidate beams to be used by UE 120 in a RACH procedure to establish a connection between UE 120 and the second serving cell. In some aspects, the one or more candidate beams may include a subset of beams associated with the second serving cell that is smaller than a total set of beams associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first serving cell may determine one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) associated with a second serving cell corresponding to one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on a channel measurement of a downlink reference signal associated with the first serving cell. In some aspects, in the event that a TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid in the second serving cell, the first network node associated with the first serving cell may identify one or more candidate SSB resources. In this case, the one or more candidate SSB resources may be associated with corresponding RACH resources (e.g., message 1 (Msg1) or message A (MsgA) in a RACH procedure) that can be used to send RACH uplink communications.

[0102] In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first serving cell may use an ML model (e.g., an AI / ML model) to determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell. The input to the ML model may include channel measurements (e.g., CIR and / or L1 RSRP measurements) for beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., channel measurements for downlink reference signals in a first frequency range). In some aspects, the output of the ML model may identify one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) corresponding to one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. For example, the ML model may output SSB indexes of one or more candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, the ML model may also output a corresponding predicted RSRP value and / or a corresponding predicted confidence level for each of the one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., candidate SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources). For example, the predicted RSRP value for the candidate downlink reference signal resource may be a predicted average RSRP value for the candidate downlink reference signal resource (e.g., a prediction of an average RSRP value to be measured by UE 120 on a downlink reference signal sent by the second serving cell in the candidate downlink reference signal resource). In some aspects, the predicted confidence level for the candidate downlink reference signal resource may be a confidence level associated with the predicted average RSRP value. For example, the predicted confidence level may be based at least in part on a standard deviation associated with the predicted average RSRP value for the candidate downlink reference signal resource.

[0103] In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first serving cell may determine one or more candidate beams (e.g., one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources) based at least in part on an output of the ML model. For example, the ML model may output a corresponding predicted average RSRP value and / or a corresponding predicted confidence level for each beam associated with a second serving cell (e.g., for each SSB resource associated with the second serving cell), and the first network node may determine the one or more candidate beams by selecting a plurality of candidate beams (e.g., a plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources) from the beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP value output by the ML model, the predicted confidence level output by the ML model, or a combination thereof.

[0104] In some aspects, the first network node may determine one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell based at least in part on a link between one or more beams associated with the first service cell and one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell. For example, the link may associate a channel measurement (e.g., CIR and / or L1RSRP measurement) for a set of beams associated with the first service cell with one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell (e.g., one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources), with a predicted RSRP measurement for the beam associated with the second service cell, and / or a predicted confidence level associated with the predicted RSRP measurement for the beam associated with the second service cell. In some aspects, the link may be included in the ML model. For example, the link may be determined during training of the ML model based on training data used to train the ML model.

[0105] like Fig. 7A As further shown, and by reference numeral 735, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may send an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell to UE 120. UE 120 may receive an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell. For example, the indication may indicate one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, the indication may indicate multiple candidate beams associated with the second serving cell (e.g., multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources). In some aspects, in the event that the TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid for the second serving cell, the first serving cell may send and UE 120 may receive an indication of multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, the first serving cell may indicate a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell (e.g., corresponding to a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell) based at least in part on a determination that the TA for UE 120 is not valid for the second serving cell and based at least in part on a determination that a predicted confidence level for at least one candidate SSB resource does not satisfy (e.g., is less than) a threshold. For example, in the event that the TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is not valid for the second serving cell, the first serving cell may indicate a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell in conjunction with a determination that one or more candidate SSB resources with the highest predicted average RSRP values ​​have a confidence level that does not satisfy the threshold.

[0106] In some aspects, one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell (e.g., corresponding to one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources) are determined / predicted by a first network node associated with the first serving cell (e.g., using an ML model), and UE 120 may not expect to receive a link between the beam associated with the first serving cell and the candidate beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., a link between the SSB and / or CSI-RS in the first frequency range associated with the first serving cell and the SSB and / or CSI-RS in the second frequency range associated with the second serving cell) for predicting the one or more candidate beams. That is, UE 120 may receive an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell from the first serving cell without receiving a link between the beam associated with the first serving cell and the candidate beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0107] In some aspects, the indication of the candidate beams may include an indication of a plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., a plurality of SSB resources) and an indication of a priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources. The priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., a plurality of SSB resources) may be an order based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP of the candidate downlink reference signal resources, the predicted confidence levels of the candidate downlink reference signal resources, or a combination thereof (e.g., based on an order of the predicted average RSRP weighted by the corresponding confidence levels). Figure 7B As shown in example 700B of FIG. 1 , the first serving cell may indicate to UE 120 a priority order associated with a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. Figure 7B As shown, in example 700B, the priority order of the plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell is SSB#3, SSB#2, SSB#5, and SSB#1. The priority order may indicate the order in which the UE 120 will use the candidate SSB resources to attempt physical broadcast channel (PBCH) / remaining minimum system information (RMSI) decoding and / or select RACH resources for sending RACH uplink communications (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) to the second serving cell.

[0108] In some aspects, the indication of the candidate beams may include an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., multiple SSB resources) and an indication of predicted average RSRP values ​​for the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources. In some aspects, the indication of the candidate beams may include an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., multiple SSB resources) and an indication of predicted confidence levels associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources. In some aspects, the indication of the candidate beams may include an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., multiple SSB resources), an indication of predicted average RSRP values ​​for the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of predicted confidence levels associated with the predicted average RSRP values ​​for the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources. Figure 7C As shown in example 700C of , the first serving cell may indicate to UE 120 the predicted average RSRP values ​​and predicted confidence levels of multiple candidate SSB resources (SSB#3, SSB#2, SSB#5, and SSB#1) associated with the second serving cell. The predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value of the SSB resource may be based at least in part on a standard deviation associated with the predicted average RSRP. Figure 7C As shown, for each predicted average RSRP value, the confidence interval may be equal to two standard deviations of the predicted average RSRP value. In this case, the predicted average RSRP value with a smaller confidence interval or standard deviation may have a higher confidence level than the predicted average RSRP value with a larger confidence interval or standard deviation. Figure 7C , SSB#2 may have a higher confidence level than SSB#3.

[0109] return Fig. 7A , as indicated by reference numeral 740, the second serving cell may transmit an SSB in an SSB resource associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, based at least in part on receiving an indication of multiple candidate SSB resources from the first serving cell, the UE 120 may perform channel measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements) on the SSBs transmitted from the second serving cell in the indicated candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. In some other aspects, (e.g., such as when the UE 120 receives an indication of a priority order associated with multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell, an indication of a predicted average RSRP value for the multiple candidate SSB resources, and / or an indication of a predicted confidence level for the multiple candidate SSB resources), the UE 120 may not perform channel measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements) on the SSBs transmitted in the indicated candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell.

[0110] As indicated by reference numeral 745, UE 120 may select a candidate beam (e.g., a candidate SSB resource) from among one or more candidate beams (e.g., one or more candidate SSB resources) associated with the second serving cell. For example, where the TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is not valid for the second serving cell and UE 120 receives an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell from the first serving cell, UE 120 may select an SSB resource from the plurality of candidate SSB resources for initiating a RACH procedure (e.g., for PBCH / RMSI decoding and / or for RACH uplink communication) with the second serving cell.

[0111] In some aspects, UE 120, based at least in part on receiving an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell, may select an SSB resource from the plurality of candidate SSB resources based at least in part on a channel measurement (e.g., an RSRP measurement) performed on an SSB sent from the second serving cell in the indicated SSB resources. For example, UE 120 may select a candidate SSB resource for which a maximum RSRP value is measured.

[0112] In some aspects, when UE 120 receives from the first serving cell an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and an indication of a priority order associated with the plurality of candidate SSB resources, UE 120 may select an SSB resource from the plurality of candidate SSB resources based at least in part on the priority order. In this case, UE 120 may select a candidate SSB resource for use in attempting to decode the PBCH / RMSI sent by the second serving cell and / or send a RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) in an order indicated by the priority order associated with the candidate SSB resources.

[0113] In some aspects, where UE 120 receives from the first serving cell an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and an indication of predicted average RSRP values ​​for the plurality of candidate SSB resources, UE 120 may select an SSB resource (e.g., for attempting PBCH decoding and / or transmission of RACH uplink communications) from the plurality of candidate SSB resources based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP values ​​for the candidate SSB resources. For example, UE 120 may select an SSB resource having a highest predicted average RSRP value from the indicated candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell.

[0114] In some aspects, when UE 120 receives from the first serving cell an indication of multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and an indication of a predicted confidence level for the multiple candidate SSB resources, UE 120 may select an SSB resource from the multiple candidate SSB resources based at least in part on the predicted confidence level (e.g., to attempt PBCH decoding and / or transmission of RACH uplink communications). In some aspects, when UE 120 receives from the first serving cell an indication of multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell, an indication of predicted average RSRP values ​​for the multiple candidate SSB resources, and an indication of predicted confidence levels for the predicted average RSRP values, UE 120 may select an SSB resource from the multiple candidate SSB resources based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP values ​​for the candidate SSB resources and the predicted confidence levels for the predicted average RSRP values ​​(e.g., to attempt PBCH decoding and / or transmission of RACH uplink communications). In some cases, UE 120 may avoid selecting a candidate SSB resource with a high predicted average RSRP value and a low confidence level. In such cases, UE 120 may alternatively select a candidate SSB resource with a slightly lower predicted average RSRP value (e.g., a medium predicted average RSRP value) and a higher confidence level. Figure 7C 14. The UE 120 may select SSB#2 even if the predicted average RSRP value of SSB#3 is slightly higher because the predicted confidence level of SSB#2 is higher than the predicted confidence level of SSB#3. In some aspects, the UE 120 may select the candidate SSB resource with the highest predicted average RSRP value among the candidate SSB resources with the predicted confidence level that satisfies the threshold. In some aspects, the UE 120 may select the candidate SSB resource with the highest predicted confidence level among the candidate SSB resources with the predicted average RSRP value that satisfies the threshold. In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine a weighted predicted average RSRP value for each candidate SSB resource, the weighted predicted average RSRP value being weighted based at least in part on the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value, and the UE 120 may select the candidate SSB resource with the highest weighted predicted average RSRP value.

[0115] In some aspects, when UE 120 selects an SSB resource based at least in part on a priority order, a predicted average RSRP, and / or a predicted confidence level, UE 120 may select the SSB resource from a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with a second serving cell without performing channel measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements) on the SSBs sent by the second serving cell.

[0116] like Fig. 7AAs further shown, and by reference numeral 750, the UE 120 may send a RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) to the second serving cell based at least in part on a selected beam (e.g., a selected SSB resource) associated with the second serving cell. The second serving cell may receive the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA). In some aspects, the UE 120 may send the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) using the RACH resources associated with the selected SSB resources. Sending the Msg1 or MsgA to the second serving cell may initiate a RACH procedure for establishing a connection between the UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., to activate the SCG). The transmission of the Msg1 or MsgA using the RACH resources associated with the selected SSB may provide the second serving cell with an indication of the selected / preferred beam (e.g., the beam associated with the selected SSB resources) for communicating with the UE 120 during the RACH procedure.

[0117] As indicated above, provided as an example 7A to 7C Other examples can be compared with 7A to 7C The examples described are different.

[0118] Figure 8 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with network node based beam prediction for SCG setup according to the present disclosure. Figure 8 As shown, example 800 includes communications between UE 120, a first serving cell, and a second serving cell. For example, UE 120 may communicate with a first network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the first serving cell and a second network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, UE 120, the first network node, and the second network node may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0119] In some aspects, the first service cell may be a service cell in an MCG, and the second service cell may be a service cell in an SCG. In some aspects, the first service cell may operate in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3), and the second service cell may operate in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4). For example, the first service cell may use a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) to send and receive RF signals, and the second service cell may use a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 and FR4) to send and receive RF signals. As shown in figure 802, the first service cell may use a first beam set associated with the first service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). As shown in figure 804, the second service cell may use a second beam set associated with the second service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). In some aspects, the first service cell and the second service cell may be co-located. For example, the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be network nodes co-located at the same geographical location (e.g., Du or Ru), or the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be the same network node (e.g., CU or DU).

[0120] like Figure 8 As shown, and by reference numeral 805, the first serving cell may send a request for channel measurement of a beam associated with the first serving cell to UE 120. UE 120 may receive a request for channel measurement. For example, the request may be included in an RRC message or a MAC-CE or a DCI. The request for channel measurement may be a request to perform one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) sent on a corresponding beam from the first serving cell and to send feedback (e.g., a report) indicating the channel measurement to the first serving cell. For example, the request may indicate a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) in which one or more channel measurements are performed. The one or more channel measurements may be measurements associated with channel characteristics of a downlink channel between the first serving cell and UE 120. For example, the requested channel measurement may include a corresponding CIR measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, the requested channel measurement may include an L1 RSRP measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell.

[0121] In some aspects, a first serving cell (e.g., in an MCG) may send a request for channel measurements associated with the first serving cell during a setup procedure (e.g., a setup procedure of an SCG) of a second serving cell of UE 120. For example, in a case where the SCG has not yet been activated for UE 120, the first serving cell in the MCG may send a request to UE 120 to initiate activation of a second serving cell in the SCG for UE 120. In some aspects, during a setup procedure for a second serving cell in an SCG for operating in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4), UE 120 may receive from the first serving cell a request to perform one or more channel measurements (e.g., CIR measurements and / or L1 RSRP measurements) on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RS) sent by the first serving cell in the MCG in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3).

[0122] like Figure 8 As further shown, and by reference numeral 810, the first serving cell may transmit one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for the requested one or more channel measurements, and the UE 120 may receive the one or more downlink reference signals for the requested one or more channel measurements. For example, the first serving cell in the MCG may transmit one or more downlink reference signals in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) using different beams associated with the first serving cell. As shown by reference numeral 815, the UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals transmitted by the first serving cell. For example, the UE 120 may perform the requested channel measurements on the downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) transmitted by the first serving cell in the downlink reference signal resources indicated in the request. The UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals based at least in part on receiving a request for one or more channel measurements.

[0123] In some aspects, the one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding CIR for each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3). Additionally or alternatively, the one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3).

[0124] like Figure 8As further shown, and by reference numeral 820, UE 120 may send an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell to a first serving cell (e.g., to a first network node associated with the first serving cell). The first serving cell (e.g., the first network node associated with the first serving cell) may receive an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from UE 120. For example, UE 120 may send feedback or a report (e.g., in an uplink channel communication) to the first serving cell including the indication of the one or more channel measurements based at least in part on receiving the request for the one or more channel measurements. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more channel measurements may indicate a respective CIR for each of the one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell). Additionally or alternatively, the indication of one or more channel measurements may indicate a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell).

[0125] like Figure 8 As further shown, and by reference numeral 825, in some aspects, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell in conjunction with receiving an indication of one or more channel measurements from UE 120. In some aspects, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may communicate with the second serving cell (e.g., a second network node associated with the second serving cell) to obtain information about a beam associated with the second serving cell. For example, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell to identify an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier associated with the second serving cell that corresponds to a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., an SSB resource and / or a CSI-RS resource) that corresponds to a different beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0126] As indicated by reference numeral 830, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may determine a beam associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements of a beam associated with the first serving cell (e.g., one or more channel measurements received from UE 120). For example, the first serving cell may determine a single SSB resource associated with the second serving cell, and the single SSB resource may correspond to a single recommended beam to be used for communication between UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., in an SCG). In the event that a TA configured for UE 120 in the first serving cell is not valid in the second serving cell, the single SSB resource associated with the second serving cell may correspond to a recommended beam to be used by UE 120 in a RACH procedure to establish a connection between UE 120 and the second serving cell.

[0127] In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first service cell may use an ML model (e.g., an AI / ML model) to determine a single downlink reference signal resource (e.g., a single SSB resource) associated with a second service cell. The input to the ML model may include channel measurements (e.g., CIR and / or L1RSRP measurements) for a beam associated with the first service cell (e.g., channel measurements for a downlink reference signal in a first frequency range). In some aspects, the output of the ML model may identify a single SSB resource associated with the second service cell corresponding to a recommended beam associated with the second service cell. For example, the ML model may output an SSB index for a single SSB resource associated with the second service cell. In some aspects, the output of the ML model may identify one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) corresponding to one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell, as well as a predicted average RSRP value and / or a predicted confidence level for the candidate downlink reference signal resource. In this case, the first network node may select a single SSB resource corresponding to the recommended beam associated with the second serving cell from the candidate downlink reference signal resources based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP value, the predicted confidence value, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the ML model may output a corresponding predicted average RSRP value and / or a corresponding predicted confidence level for each beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., each SSB resource associated with the second serving cell), and the first network node may select a single SSB resource corresponding to the recommended beam associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP value output by the ML model, the predicted confidence level output by the ML model, or a combination thereof.

[0128] like Figure 8As further shown, and by reference numeral 835, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may send an indication of a beam associated with a second serving cell (e.g., a recommended beam) to UE 120. UE 120 may receive the indication of the beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., the recommended beam). For example, the indication may indicate a single SSB resource associated with the second serving cell that corresponds to the recommended beam associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, in a case where a TA of UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid for the second serving cell, the first serving cell may send and UE 120 may receive an indication of a single SSB resource (e.g., corresponding to the single recommended beam associated with the second serving cell) based at least in part on a determination that a predicted confidence level for the single SSB resource associated with the second serving cell satisfies (e.g., is greater than or equal to) a threshold.

[0129] like Figure 8 As further shown, and by reference numeral 840, UE 120 may send a RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) to the second serving cell based at least in part on a recommended beam (e.g., an indicated single SSB resource) associated with the second serving cell. The second serving cell may receive the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA). In some aspects, UE 120 may send the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) using RACH resources associated with the indicated single SSB resource associated with the second serving cell. Sending Msg1 or MsgA to the second serving cell may initiate a RACH procedure for establishing a connection between UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., to activate the SCG). The transmission of Msg1 or MsgA using the RACH resources associated with the indicated SSB resources may provide an indication to the second serving cell of a recommended beam (eg, a beam associated with the indicated SSB resources) for communicating with UE 120 during the RACH procedure.

[0130] As indicated above, Figure 8 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0131] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with network node based beam prediction for SCG setup according to the present disclosure. Fig. 9As shown, example 900 includes communications between UE 120, a first serving cell, and a second serving cell. For example, UE 120 may communicate with a first network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the first serving cell and a second network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, UE 120, the first network node, and the second network node may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0132] In some aspects, the first service cell may be a service cell in an MCG, and the second service cell may be a service cell in an SCG. In some aspects, the first service cell may operate in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3), and the second service cell may operate in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4). For example, the first service cell may use a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) to send and receive RF signals, and the second service cell may use a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 and FR4) to send and receive RF signals. As shown in figure 902, the first service cell may use a first beam set associated with the first service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). As shown in figure 904, the second service cell may use a second beam set associated with the second service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). In some aspects, the first service cell and the second service cell may be co-located. For example, the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be network nodes co-located at the same geographical location (e.g., DU or RU), or the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be the same network node (e.g., CU or DU).

[0133] like Fig. 9As shown, and by reference numeral 905, the first serving cell may send a request for channel measurement of a beam associated with the first serving cell to UE 120. UE 120 may receive the request for channel measurement. For example, the request may be included in an RRC message or a MAC-CE or a DCI. The request for channel measurement may be a request to perform one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) sent on a corresponding beam from the first serving cell and to send feedback (e.g., a report) indicating the channel measurement to the first serving cell. For example, the request may indicate a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) in which one or more channel measurements are performed. The one or more channel measurements may be measurements associated with channel characteristics of a downlink channel between the first serving cell and UE 120. In some aspects, the request for channel measurement may request UE 120 to perform initial L1 RSRP measurements for a first set of downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) sent by a first serving cell in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3). The first set of downlink reference signals for which L1 RSRP measurements are requested may correspond to a first number of beams in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3), which may be a large number.

[0134] In some aspects, a first serving cell (e.g., in an MCG) may send a request for channel measurements associated with the first serving cell during a setup procedure (e.g., a setup procedure of an SCG) of a second serving cell of UE 120. For example, in a case where the SCG has not yet been activated for UE 120, the first serving cell in the MCG may send a request to UE 120 to initiate activation of a second serving cell in the SCG for UE 120. In some aspects, during a setup procedure for a second serving cell in the SCG for operating in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4), UE 120 may receive from the first serving cell a request to perform initial channel measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements) on a first set of downlink reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RS) sent by the first serving cell in the MCG in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3).

[0135] like Fig. 9As further shown, and by reference numeral 910, the first serving cell may transmit one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for the requested one or more channel measurements, and the UE 120 may receive the one or more downlink reference signals for the requested one or more channel measurements. For example, the first serving cell in the MCG may transmit a first set of downlink reference signals in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) using different beams associated with the first serving cell. As shown by reference numeral 915, the UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals transmitted by the first serving cell. For example, the UE 120 may perform the requested L1 RSRP measurement on a first set of downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) transmitted by the first serving cell in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3). Compared to performing CIR measurements and calculations on a first set of downlink reference signals corresponding to a first number of beams in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2), the L1 RSRP measurement may have reduced complexity, resulting in reduced processing time for UE 120. UE 120 may perform L1 RSRP channel measurements on a first set of downlink reference signals sent in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) based at least in part on receiving a request for one or more channel measurements. In some aspects, the first set of downlink reference signals used by UE 120 to obtain the L1 RSRP measurement may include only a single-port CSI-RS resource.

[0136] like Fig. 9 As further shown, and by reference numeral 920, UE 120 may send an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell to a first serving cell (e.g., to a first network node associated with the first serving cell). The first serving cell (e.g., the first network node associated with the first serving cell) may receive an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from UE 120. For example, UE 120 may send feedback or a report (e.g., in an uplink channel communication) including an indication of the one or more channel measurements to the first serving cell based at least in part on receiving a request for the one or more channel measurements. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more channel measurements may indicate a respective L1 RSRP measurement for each beam in the first number of beams within the first frequency range (e.g., for each downlink reference signal in a first set of downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell within the first frequency range).

[0137] like Fig. 9As further shown, and by reference numeral 925, in some aspects, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell in conjunction with receiving an indication of one or more channel measurements from UE 120. In some aspects, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may communicate with the second serving cell (e.g., a second network node associated with the second serving cell) to obtain information about a beam associated with the second serving cell. For example, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell to identify an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier associated with the second serving cell that corresponds to downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) that correspond to a different beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0138] As indicated by reference numeral 930, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may determine a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on an L1 RSRP measurement of a beam associated with the first serving cell (e.g., a requested channel measurement received from UE 120). For example, the candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell may correspond to candidate beams to be used for communication between UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., in an SCG in a second frequency range). In the event that a TA configured for UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid in the second serving cell, the plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell may correspond to a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell that are candidates to be used by UE 120 in a RACH procedure to establish a connection between UE 120 and the second serving cell. In some aspects, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may also determine CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS ports associated with the first serving cell based on L1 RSRP measurements of beams associated with the first serving cell. For example, the first network node may determine a second number of CSI-RS resources and / or ports associated with the first serving cell, which corresponds to a multi-port and beamformed CSI-RS resource in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2) for assisting UE 120 in identifying a CIR in a specific direction associated with the multi-port and beamformed CSI-RS resource. In such a case, the second number of CSI-RS resources and / or ports associated with the first serving cell may be less than the first number of beams associated with the first serving cell for which the initial L1 RSRP measurement is performed by UE 120.

[0139] In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first serving cell may use a first ML model (e.g., an AI / ML model) to determine / predict a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with a second serving cell and CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first serving cell based at least in part on L1 RSRP measurements of a first set of beams associated with the first serving cell. In some aspects, an input to the first ML model may include L1 RSRP measurements of a first number of beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., channel measurements of a first set of downlink reference signals in a first frequency range), and an output of the ML model may predict a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell, and a second number of CSI-RS resources and / or ports corresponding to multiple ports and beamformed CSI-RS resources in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR2).

[0140] like Fig. 9 As further shown, and by reference numeral 935, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may send an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and a CSI-RS resource and / or port associated with the first serving cell determined by the first serving cell (e.g., using a first ML model) to UE 120. UE 120 may receive an indication of a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and a CSI-RS resource and / or port associated with the first serving cell.

[0141] like Fig. 9As further shown in and by reference numeral 940, UE 120 may select an SSB resource associated with the second serving cell from a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the indicated CSI-RS resources and / or ports associated with the first serving cell. For example, in a case where the TA of UE 120 in the first serving cell is invalid for the second serving cell, UE 120 may select an SSB resource for initiating a RACH procedure with the second serving cell from a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, UE 120 may be configured with a second ML model (e.g., an AI / ML model), and UE 120 may use the second ML model to select an SSB resource from a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the indicated CSI-RS resources and / or ports associated with the first serving cell. For example, UE 120 may calculate CIRs based on indicated CSI-RS resources and / or ports associated with the first serving cell (e.g., CSI-RS resources and / or ports predicted by the first network node using the first ML model), and UE 120 may input these CIRs into the second ML model. In this case, the CIR calculated by UE 120 and input into the second ML model may be a CIR in a specific direction of a multi-port and beamformed CSI-RS resource indicated by the CSI-RS resources and / or ports determined by the first network node using the first ML model. The second ML model may predict the best SSB resource among a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the CIR input into the second ML model.

[0142] like Fig. 9 As further shown, and by reference numeral 945, UE 120 may send a RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) to the second serving cell based at least in part on the selected SSB resources associated with the second serving cell. The second serving cell may receive the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA). In some aspects, UE 120 may send the RACH uplink communication (e.g., Msg1 or MsgA) using RACH resources associated with the selected SSB resources associated with the second serving cell (e.g., SSB resources selected using the second ML model). Sending Msg1 or MsgA to the second serving cell may initiate a RACH procedure for establishing a connection between UE 120 and the second serving cell (e.g., to activate the SCG). The transmission of Msg1 or MsgA using the RACH resources associated with the selected SSB resources may provide an indication to the second serving cell of a recommended beam (eg, the beam associated with the selected SSB resources) for communicating with UE 120 during the RACH procedure.

[0143] As above combined Fig. 9 As described, in some aspects, UE 120 may utilize two steps / stages of channel measurement in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) to predict an optimal SSB resource associated with a second serving cell operating in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4). The two steps / stages of channel measurement may include an initial L1 RSRP measurement of a first number of beams (e.g., in the first frequency range) associated with the first serving cell, and a subsequent CIR calculation based on a second number (e.g., less than the first number) of CSI-RS resources and / or ports predicted by the first network node (e.g., using a first ML model) and indicated to UE 120. Thus, processing time and processing resources used by UE 120 when performing channel measurements may be reduced compared to performing CIR measurements and calculations for all first number of beams associated with the first serving cell. In addition, the second ML model used by UE 120 to predict the best SSB resource from a plurality of candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell predicted by the network node (e.g., using the first ML model) may be less complex (e.g., causing UE 120 to utilize fewer computing resources and consume less power) compared to an ML model that predicts the best SSB resource from a larger number of SSB resources associated with the second service cell based on the CIRs of all a first number of beams associated with the first service cell (e.g., using the first ML model).

[0144] As indicated above, Fig. 9 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Fig. 9 The examples described are different.

[0145] Fig.10 1 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 associated with network node-based beam prediction for SCG setup according to the present disclosure. Fig.10 As shown, example 1000 includes communications between UE 120, a first serving cell, and a second serving cell. For example, UE 120 may communicate with a first network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the first serving cell and a second network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, UE 120, the first network node, and the second network node may be included in a wireless network (such as wireless network 100).

[0146] In some aspects, the first service cell may be a service cell in an MCG, and the second service cell may be a service cell in an SCG. In some aspects, the first service cell may operate in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3), and the second service cell may operate in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4). For example, the first service cell may use a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) to send and receive RF signals, and the second service cell may use a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 and FR4) to send and receive RF signals. As shown in figure 1002, the first service cell may use a first beam set associated with the first service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). As shown in figure 1004, the second service cell may use a second beam set associated with the second service cell to send RF signals in one or more directions (e.g., in FR2 or FR4). In some aspects, the first service cell and the second service cell may be co-located. For example, the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be network nodes co-located at the same geographical location (e.g., DU or RU), or the first network node associated with the first service cell and the second network node associated with the second service cell may be the same network node (e.g., CU or DU).

[0147] like Fig.10 As shown, and by reference numeral 1005, the first serving cell may send a request for channel measurement of a beam associated with the first serving cell to UE 120. UE 120 may receive a request for channel measurement. For example, the request may be included in an RRC message or a MAC-CE or a DCI. The request for channel measurement may be a request to perform one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) sent on a corresponding beam from the first serving cell and to send feedback (e.g., a report) indicating the channel measurement to the first serving cell. For example, the request may indicate a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) in which one or more channel measurements are performed. The one or more channel measurements may be measurements associated with channel characteristics of a downlink channel between the first serving cell and UE 120. For example, the requested channel measurement may include a corresponding CIR measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, the requested channel measurement may include an L1 RSRP measurement for a downlink reference signal sent by the first serving cell.

[0148] In some aspects, a first serving cell (e.g., in an MCG) may send a request for channel measurements associated with the first serving cell during a setup procedure (e.g., a setup procedure of an SCG) of a second serving cell of UE 120. For example, in a case where the SCG has not yet been activated for UE 120, the first serving cell in the MCG may send a request to UE 120 to initiate activation of a second serving cell in the SCG for UE 120. In some aspects, during a setup procedure for a second serving cell in an SCG for operating in a second frequency range (e.g., FR2 or FR4), UE 120 may receive from the first serving cell a request to perform one or more channel measurements (e.g., CIR measurements and / or L1 RSRP measurements) on one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RS) sent by the first serving cell in the MCG in the first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3).

[0149] like Fig.10 As further shown, and by reference numeral 1010, the first serving cell may transmit one or more downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) for the requested one or more channel measurements, and the UE 120 may receive the one or more downlink reference signals for the requested one or more channel measurements. For example, the first serving cell in the MCG may transmit one or more downlink reference signals in a first frequency range (e.g., FR1 or FR3) using different beams associated with the first serving cell. As shown in reference numeral 1015, the UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals transmitted by the first serving cell. For example, the UE 120 may perform the requested channel measurements on the downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) transmitted by the first serving cell in the downlink reference signal resources indicated in the request. The UE 120 may perform one or more channel measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals based at least in part on receiving a request for one or more channel measurements.

[0150] In some aspects, the one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding CIR for each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3). Additionally or alternatively, the one or more channel measurements may include a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell (e.g., in FR1 or FR3).

[0151] like Fig.10As further shown, and by reference numeral 1020, UE 120 may send an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell to a first serving cell (e.g., to a first network node associated with the first serving cell). The first serving cell (e.g., the first network node associated with the first serving cell) may receive an indication of one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell from UE 120. For example, UE 120 may send feedback or a report (e.g., in an uplink channel communication) including the indication of the one or more channel measurements to the first serving cell based at least in part on receiving a request for the one or more channel measurements. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more channel measurements may indicate a respective CIR for each of the one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of the one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell). Additionally or alternatively, the indication of one or more channel measurements may indicate a corresponding L1 RSRP measurement for each of one or more beams associated with the first serving cell (e.g., each of one or more downlink reference signals sent by the first serving cell).

[0152] like Fig.10 As further shown, and by reference numeral 1025, in some aspects, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell in conjunction with receiving an indication of one or more channel measurements from UE 120. In some aspects, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may communicate with the second serving cell (e.g., a second network node associated with the second serving cell) to obtain information about a beam associated with the second serving cell. For example, the first serving cell may communicate with the second serving cell to identify an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier associated with the second serving cell that corresponds to a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., an SSB resource and / or a CSI-RS resource) that corresponds to a different beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0153] As indicated by reference numeral 1030, a first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may determine a beam associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements of a beam associated with the first serving cell (e.g., one or more channel measurements received from UE 120). For example, the first serving cell may determine a downlink reference signal resource corresponding to a single recommended beam associated with the second serving cell. In the case where a TA configured for UE 120 in the first serving cell is valid in the second serving cell, the single recommended beam may be a recommended beam for communication between UE 120 and the second serving cell, and the single recommended beam may correspond to an SSB resource associated with the second serving cell or a CSI-RS resource associated with the second serving cell.

[0154] In some aspects, a first network node associated with a first serving cell may use an ML model (e.g., an AI / ML model) to determine a downlink reference signal resource (e.g., an SSB resource or a CSI-RS resource) associated with a second serving cell corresponding to a recommended beam. The input to the ML model may include a channel measurement (e.g., a CIR and / or L1RSRP measurement) for a beam associated with the first serving cell (e.g., a channel measurement for a downlink reference signal in a first frequency range). In some aspects, the output of the ML model may identify a single SSB resource or CSI-RS resource associated with the second serving cell corresponding to a recommended beam associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, the output of the ML model may identify one or more candidate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources and / or CSI-RS resources) corresponding to one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, as well as a predicted average RSRP value and / or a predicted confidence level for the candidate downlink reference signal resources. In this case, the first network node may select a single SSB resource or CSI-RS resource corresponding to the recommended beam associated with the second serving cell from the candidate downlink reference signal resources based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP value, the predicted confidence value, or a combination thereof.

[0155] like Fig.10As further shown, and by reference numeral 1035, the first serving cell (e.g., a first network node associated with the first serving cell) may send an indication of a beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., a recommended beam) to UE 120. UE 120 may receive the indication of the beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., the recommended beam). In some aspects, in the event that the TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is valid for the second serving cell, the indication may indicate downlink reference signal resources (e.g., SSB resources or CSI-RS resources) associated with the second serving cell as a default quasi-co-site (QCL)-Type D source of the recommended beam to be used for communication between UE 120 and the second serving cell. In some aspects, where a TA for UE 120 in a first serving cell is valid for a second serving cell, the first serving cell may send and UE 120 may receive an indication of the single recommended beam associated with the second serving cell (e.g., an indication of the downlink reference signal resources as the default QCL-Type D source for the single recommended beam) based at least in part on a determination that a predicted confidence level for downlink reference signal resources corresponding to a single recommended beam meets (e.g., is greater than or equal to) a threshold.

[0156] like Fig.10 As further shown and indicated by reference numeral 1040, UE 120 may communicate with the second serving cell using the recommended beam associated with the second serving cell. In some aspects, where the TA for UE 120 in the first serving cell is valid for the second serving cell, UE 120 may send uplink communications to the second serving cell and / or receive downlink communications from the second serving cell using the recommended beam indicated by the first serving cell without first performing a RACH procedure.

[0157] As indicated above, Fig.10 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Fig.10 The examples described are different.

[0158] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, by a UE according to the present disclosure. The example process 1100 is an example in which a UE (eg, UE 120) performs operations associated with network node-based beam prediction for SCG setup.

[0159] like Fig.11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include: sending one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell to the first serving cell (block 1110). Fig.13The communications manager 140 and / or transmitting component 1304 depicted in FIG. 1 may transmit to the first serving cell one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell, as described above.

[0160] like Fig.11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell (block 1120). Fig.13 The communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 1302 depicted in the figure may receive, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell, as described above.

[0161] like Fig.11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include: sending a RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell (block 1130). Fig.13 The depicted communications manager 140 and / or transmitting component 1304) may transmit a RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell based at least in part on an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, as described above.

[0162] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0163] In a first aspect, process 1100 includes: receiving a request from the first serving cell to perform one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell, wherein sending the one or more channel measurements includes: sending the one or more channel measurements to the first serving cell based at least in part on receiving the request to perform the one or more channel measurements.

[0164] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a CIR measurement or an RSRP measurement.

[0165] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first serving cell is associated with a first frequency band, and the second serving cell is associated with a second frequency band.

[0166] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first serving cell is associated with an MCG, and the second serving cell is associated with an SCG.

[0167] In the fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell from the first service cell, without receiving an indication of a link between the one or more beams received from the first service cell and the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0168] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell indicates multiple candidate beams associated with the second service cell, and sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using a selected beam from the multiple candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0169] In a seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 6, the indication of the one or more candidate beams comprises an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell, wherein each of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a corresponding candidate beam of the multiple candidate beams, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using the selected beam comprises sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0170] In an eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 1100 comprises: selecting the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource based at least in part on measurements of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0171] In a ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to eight, receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell comprises: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of a priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0172] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of a predicted average RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the average predicted RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0173] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of a predicted average RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of a predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the predicted average RSRP value of the multiple downlink candidate reference signal resources and the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

[0174] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell include multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell, and receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and an indication of one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and the selected candidate SSB resource of the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0175] In the thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, process 1100 includes: using a machine learning model to select the selected candidate SSB resource based at least in part on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0176] In the fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell indicates a single beam associated with the second service cell, and sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using the single beam associated with the second service cell.

[0177] In the fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of a downlink reference signal resource associated with the second service cell, wherein the downlink reference signal resource corresponds to the single beam, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using the single beam includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the downlink reference signal resource.

[0178] although Fig.11 An example block diagram of process 1100 is shown, but in some aspects, process 1100 may include Fig.11 The depicted blocks may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.

[0179] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, by a network node in accordance with the present disclosure. The example process 1200 is an example in which a network node (eg, the network node 110) performs operations associated with network node based beam prediction for SCG setup.

[0180] like Fig.12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first serving cell from a UE (block 1210). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.14 The communications manager 150 and / or receiving component 1402 depicted in FIG. 1 may receive one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first serving cell from a UE, as described above.

[0181] like Fig.12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include determining one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements (block 1220). Fig.14 The communication manager 150 and / or determining component 1408 depicted in FIG. 1 may determine one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on one or more channel measurements, as described above.

[0182] like Fig.12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell to the UE (block 1230). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.14 The depicted communications manager 150 and / or transmitting component 1404) may transmit to the UE an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, as described above.

[0183] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0184] In a first aspect, determining the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements includes using a machine learning model to determine the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements.

[0185] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1200 includes sending a request to the UE to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams associated with the first serving cell.

[0186] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a CIR measurement or an RSRP measurement.

[0187] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first serving cell is associated with a first frequency band, and the second serving cell is associated with a second frequency band.

[0188] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the first serving cell is associated with an MCG, and the second serving cell is associated with an SCG.

[0189] In the sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell to the UE without sending an indication of a link between the one or more beams associated with the first service cell and the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0190] In a seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0191] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell, and each of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a corresponding candidate beam among the multiple candidate beams.

[0192] In the ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of the priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0193] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of the predicted average RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0194] In the eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of the predicted average RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

[0195] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell include multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell, and sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and an indication of one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0196] In a thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a single beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0197] In the fourteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of a downlink reference signal resource associated with the second service cell, and the downlink reference signal resource corresponds to the single beam associated with the second service cell.

[0198] although Fig.12 An example block diagram of process 1200 is shown, but in some aspects, process 1200 may include Fig.12 The depicted blocks may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1200 may be performed in parallel.

[0199] Fig.13 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1300 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 1300. In some aspects, apparatus 1300 includes a receiving component 1302 and a transmitting component 1304 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1306 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1302 and transmitting component 1304. As further shown, apparatus 1300 may include a communication manager 140. Communication manager 140 may include a selection component 1308, etc.

[0200] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform 7A to 7C and Figures 8 to 10 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein (such as Fig.11 In some aspects, Fig.13 The device 1300 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig.13 One or more of the components shown may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0201] The receiving component 1302 may receive communications from the device 1306, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1300. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding) on ​​the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1300. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiving processors, controllers / processors, memories or combinations thereof of the UE.

[0202] Transmit component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1306. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to transmit component 1304 for transmission to device 1306. In some aspects, transmit component 1304 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1306. In some aspects, transmit component 1304 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE. In some aspects, the transmit component 1304 can be co-located with the receive component 1302 in a transceiver.

[0203] The transmitting component 1304 may transmit, to the first serving cell, one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The receiving component 1302 may receive, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell. The transmitting component 1304 may transmit, to the second serving cell, a RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0204] The receiving component 1302 may receive a request from the first service cell to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams received from the first service cell, wherein sending the one or more channel measurements includes: sending the one or more channel measurements to the first service cell based at least in part on receiving the request to perform the one or more channel measurements.

[0205] Selecting component 1308 can select the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource based at least in part on measurements of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0206] The selection component 1308 can use a machine learning model to select the selected candidate SSB resource based at least in part on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first serving cell.

[0207] Fig.13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig.13 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Fig.13 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Fig.13 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig.13 The illustrated set of component(s) may be described as being executable by Fig.13 Another collection of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0208] Fig.141 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1400 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1400 may be a network node, or a network node may include apparatus 1400. In some aspects, apparatus 1400 includes a receiving component 1402 and a sending component 1404 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1400 may communicate with another apparatus 1406 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1402 and sending component 1404. As further shown, apparatus 1400 may include a communication manager 150. Communication manager 150 may include a determining component 1408, etc.

[0209] In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform 7A to 7C and Figures 8 to 11 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein (such as Fig.12 In some aspects, Fig.14 The device 1400 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig.14 One or more of the components shown may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0210] The receiving component 1402 may receive communications from the device 1406, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 1402 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1400. In some aspects, the receiving component 1402 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding) on ​​the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1400. In some aspects, the receiving component 1402 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of the described network nodes.

[0211] Transmit component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1406. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1400 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to transmit component 1404 for transmission to device 1406. In some aspects, transmit component 1404 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding) on ​​the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1406. In some aspects, transmit component 1404 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network nodes. In some aspects, the transmit component 1404 can be co-located with the receive component 1402 in a transceiver.

[0212] Receiving component 1402 can receive one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with a first serving cell from a UE. Determining component 1408 can determine one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements. Sending component 1404 can send an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell to the UE.

[0213] Determining component 1408 can use a machine learning model to determine one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0214] The transmitting component 1404 may transmit, to the UE, a request to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams associated with the first serving cell.

[0215] Fig.14 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig.14 The components shown may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Fig.14 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Fig.14 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig.14 The illustrated set of component(s) may be described as being executable by Fig.14 Another collection of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0216] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0217] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a device of a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first service cell to a first service cell; receiving an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell from the first service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first service cell; and sending a random access channel (RACH) uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0218] Aspect 2: According to the method described in Aspect 1, the method also includes: receiving a request from the first service cell to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams received from the first service cell, wherein sending the one or more channel measurements includes: sending the one or more channel measurements to the first service cell based at least in part on receiving the request to perform the one or more channel measurements.

[0219] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a channel impulse response (CIR) measurement or a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement.

[0220] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a first frequency band, and the second serving cell is associated with a second frequency band.

[0221] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG), and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

[0222] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell from the first service cell, without receiving an indication of a link between the one or more beams received from the first service cell and the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0223] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell indicates multiple candidate beams associated with the second service cell, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using a selected beam from the multiple candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0224] Aspect 8: A method according to Aspect 7, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell, wherein each candidate downlink reference signal resource in the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a corresponding candidate beam in the multiple candidate beams, and wherein using the selected beam to send the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource in the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0225] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8, the method also includes: selecting the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource based at least in part on the measurement of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0226] Aspect 10: A method according to any one of Aspects 8 to 9, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of a priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0227] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 8 to 10, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of the predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the average predicted RSRP value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0228] Aspect 12: A method according to any one of Aspects 8 to 11, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of the predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of a predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is at least partially based on the predicted average RSRP value of the multiple downlink candidate reference signal resources and the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

[0229] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 8 to 12, wherein the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell include multiple candidate synchronization signal block (SSB) resources associated with the second service cell, and wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: receiving an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and an indication of one or more channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or ports associated with the first service cell, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is a selected candidate SSB resource based at least in part on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0230] Aspect 14: According to the method according to Aspect 13, the method also includes: using a machine learning model to select the selected candidate SSB resource at least in part based on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0231] Aspect 15: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell indicates a single beam associated with the second service cell, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using the single beam associated with the second service cell.

[0232] Aspect 16: A method according to Aspect 15, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of a downlink reference signal resource associated with the second service cell, wherein the downlink reference signal resource corresponds to the single beam, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell using the single beam includes: sending the RACH uplink communication to the second service cell based at least in part on the downlink reference signal resource.

[0233] Aspect 17: A method of wireless communication performed by a device of a network node associated with a first service cell, the method comprising: receiving one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first service cell from a user equipment (UE); determining one or more candidate beams associated with a second service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements; and sending an indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell to the UE.

[0234] Aspect 18: A method according to Aspect 17, wherein determining the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements includes: using a machine learning model to determine the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements.

[0235] Aspect 19: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 17 to 18, the method further includes: sending a request to the UE to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams associated with the first service cell.

[0236] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 19, wherein the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a channel impulse response (CIR) measurement or a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement.

[0237] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 20, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a first frequency band and the second serving cell is associated with a second frequency band.

[0238] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 21, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG) and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

[0239] Aspect 23: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 22, wherein sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell to the UE without sending an indication of a link between the one or more beams associated with the first service cell and the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell.

[0240] Aspect 24: A method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 23, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

[0241] Aspect 25: A method according to Aspect 24, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell, wherein each candidate downlink reference signal resource in the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a corresponding candidate beam in the multiple candidate beams.

[0242] Aspect 26: A method according to Aspect 25, wherein sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of the priority order associated with the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0243] Aspect 27: A method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 26, wherein sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of the predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) value of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources.

[0244] Aspect 28: A method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending the indication of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of the predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of a predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

[0245] Aspect 29: A method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 28, wherein the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell include multiple candidate synchronization signal block (SSB) resources associated with the second service cell, and wherein sending the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second service cell includes: sending an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and an indication of one or more channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

[0246] Aspect 30: A method according to any one of aspects 17 to 23, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a single beam associated with the second serving cell.

[0247] Aspect 31: A method according to Aspect 30, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of a downlink reference signal resource associated with the second service cell, and wherein the downlink reference signal resource corresponds to the single beam associated with the second service cell.

[0248] Aspect 32: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 16.

[0249] Aspect 33: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to execute the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 16.

[0250] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 16.

[0251] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 16.

[0252] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 16.

[0253] Aspect 37: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 17 to 31.

[0254] Aspect 38: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 17 to 31.

[0255] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 17 to 31.

[0256] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 17 to 31.

[0257] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 17 to 31.

[0258] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of these aspects.

[0259] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads implemented, procedures and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be clear that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented by a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software in different forms. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, the operation and behavior of the system and / or method are not described herein with reference to specific software codes, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the system and / or method based at least in part on the description herein.

[0260] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may refer to a value being greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0261] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features can be combined in a manner that is not specifically described in the claims and / or is not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase "at least one of" the list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c and a+b+c, and any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b and c).

[0262] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as critical or necessary unless clearly stated. In addition, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more entries, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more entries connected to the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more entries, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one entry is intended to be referred to, the phrase "only one" or similar terms are used. Moreover, as used herein, the term "having" etc. is intended to be an open term, which does not limit the elements they modify (for example, "an element having" A can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part on", unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and used interchangeably with "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to: sending, to a first serving cell, one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell; as well as A random access channel (RACH) uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: receiving a request from the first serving cell to perform the one or more channel measurements on one or more downlink reference signals associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell, wherein in order to send the one or more channel measurements, the one or more processors are configured to send the one or more channel measurements to the first serving cell based at least in part on receiving the request to perform the one or more channel measurements.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a channel impulse response (CIR) measurement or a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement. 4 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the first serving cell is associated with a first frequency band, and the second serving cell is associated with a second frequency band. 5 . The UE of claim 1 , wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG), and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

6. The UE of claim 1 , wherein to receive the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: The indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell is received from the first serving cell without receiving an indication of a link between the one or more beams received from the first serving cell and the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

7. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, and wherein to send the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: The RACH uplink communication is transmitted to the second serving cell using a selected beam of the plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

8. The UE of claim 7, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams comprises an indication of a plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second serving cell, wherein each of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a respective candidate beam of the plurality of candidate beams, and wherein to send the RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell using the selected beam, the one or more processors are configured to: The RACH uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell based at least in part on a selected candidate downlink reference signal resource of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is selected based at least in part on measurements of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

10. The UE of claim 8, wherein to receive the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: The indication of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of a priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources are received, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is based at least in part on the priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

11. The UE of claim 8, wherein to receive the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: receiving the indication of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources and an indication of predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is based at least in part on the average predicted RSRP value of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

12. The UE of claim 8, wherein to receive the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: receiving the indication of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, and an indication of a predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is based at least in part on the predicted average RSRP value of the plurality of downlink candidate reference signal resources and the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second serving cell comprises a plurality of candidate synchronization signal block (SSB) resources associated with the second serving cell, and wherein to receive the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: Receive an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and an indication of one or more channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or ports associated with the first service cell, wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is a selected candidate SSB resource based at least in part on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second service cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first service cell.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The selected candidate SSB resource is selected using a machine learning model based at least in part on the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and the one or more CSI-RS resources or ports associated with the first serving cell.

15. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a single beam associated with the second serving cell, and wherein to send the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: The RACH uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell using the single beam associated with the second serving cell.

16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams comprises an indication of a downlink reference signal resource associated with the second serving cell, wherein the downlink reference signal resource corresponds to the single beam, and wherein to send the RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell using the single beam, the one or more processors are configured to: The RACH uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell based at least in part on the downlink reference signal resources.

17. A network node associated with a first serving cell, the network node comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell; determining one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements; as well as An indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell is sent to the UE.

18. The network node of claim 17, wherein to determine the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements, the one or more processors are configured to: The one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell are determined based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements using a machine learning model.

19. The network node of claim 17, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

20. A network node according to claim 19, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams includes an indication of multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second service cell, wherein each candidate downlink reference signal resource in the multiple candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a corresponding candidate beam in the multiple candidate beams.

21. The network node of claim 20, wherein to send the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: The invention further comprises transmitting the indication of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources and at least one of: an indication of a priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, or an indication of a predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

22. The network node of claim 20, wherein the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second serving cell comprises a plurality of candidate synchronization signal block (SSB) resources associated with the second serving cell, and wherein to send the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, the one or more processors are configured to: Send an indication of the multiple candidate SSB resources associated with the second serving cell and an indication of one or more channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or ports associated with the first serving cell.

23. The network node of claim 17, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a single beam associated with the second serving cell.

24. A method of wireless communication performed by a device of a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending, to a first serving cell, one or more channel measurements associated with one or more beams received from the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements associated with the one or more beams received from the first serving cell; as well as A random access channel (RACH) uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell comprises: The RACH uplink communication is transmitted to the second serving cell using a selected beam of the plurality of candidate beams associated with the second serving cell.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams comprises an indication of a plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources associated with the second serving cell, wherein each candidate downlink reference signal resource in the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources corresponds to a respective candidate beam in the plurality of candidate beams, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication to the second serving cell using the selected beam comprises: The RACH uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell based at least in part on a selected candidate downlink reference signal resource of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein receiving the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell comprises: receiving the indication of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources and at least one of: an indication of a priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, an indication of predicted average reference signal received power (RSRP) values ​​for the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, or an indication of a predicted confidence level for the predicted average RSRP value, Wherein the selected candidate downlink reference signal resource is based at least in part on at least one of: the priority order associated with the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, the average predicted RSRP value of the plurality of candidate downlink reference signal resources, or the predicted confidence level of the predicted average RSRP value.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell indicates a single beam associated with the second serving cell, and wherein sending the RACH uplink communication based at least in part on the indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell comprises: The RACH uplink communication is sent to the second serving cell using the single beam associated with the second serving cell.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a network node associated with a first serving cell, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), one or more channel measurements for one or more beams associated with the first serving cell; determining one or more candidate beams associated with a second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements; as well as An indication of the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell is sent to the UE.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein determining the one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements comprises: The one or more candidate beams associated with the second serving cell are determined based at least in part on the one or more channel measurements using a machine learning model.

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