Power consumption model for energy harvesting nodes

Abstract

A method of wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting is disclosed. The method includes obtaining energy from the wireless transmission via at least one energy harvesting operation. The method also includes sending, for a network node, an indication of power consumption by the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 934,902, filed on September 23, 2022, entitled “POWER CONSUMPTION MODEL FOR ENERGY HARVESTING NODES,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to energy harvesting (EH) nodes. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies the key or important elements of all aspects, nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer readable medium, and apparatus for wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting are provided. The apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to obtain energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation; and to send an indication to a network node of power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus for wireless communication at a network node are provided. The apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor is configured to receive an indication of power consumption of a device supporting energy harvesting for at least one of wireless communication or sensing, the wireless communication or the sensing being based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device; and based on the indication of the power consumption, send signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing for the device.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating an example radio frequency identification (RFID) tag receiving an energy transfer signal from a RFID reader in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example power harvesting circuit in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of a radio frequency (RF) tag.

[0019] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of an RFID tag.

[0020] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless energy transfer (WET) and a wireless information transfer (WIT) timeline.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a backscatter power consumption report sent by a backscatter EH node to a base station.

[0022] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of a backscatter radio component.

[0023] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of beamforming and polarization conversion for a backscatter radio component.

[0024] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an active power consumption report sent by an active EH node to a base station.

[0025] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a backscatter / active power consumption report sent by a backscatter / active EH node to a base station.

[0026] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing power consumption report sent by an EH node to a base station.

[0027] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example communication flow between a UE and a base station.

[0028] Fig.16 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0029] Fig.17 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0030] Fig.18 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0031] Fig.19is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0032] Fig. 20 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations of example devices and / or network entities.

[0033] Fig.21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] A device (e.g., a UE) may include an EH collection modality (e.g., a backscatter radio component). In one example, the device may receive an energy transfer signal from a network node. The device may collect energy from the energy transfer signal to perform operations during a communication phase with the network node or perform sensing via a sensor of the device. If the device lacks sufficient energy for a communication phase with the network node, the device may skip the communication phase. Similarly, if the device lacks sufficient energy to perform sensing, the device may not perform the sensing. Various techniques related to a power consumption model for an energy harvesting device are disclosed herein. In one example, a device supporting energy harvesting obtains energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation. The device sends an indication of the power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to the network node. The indication of the power consumption of the device may enable the network node to manage the energy transfer and duty cycle of the communication phase of the device in an energy-saving manner, so that communication is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy of the device and / or the device is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy of the device.

[0035] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0036] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0037] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0038] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As an example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0039] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment combined with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The various techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0040] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB (e.g., a gNB), an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0041] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0042] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functions across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0043] Figure 1 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0044] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0045] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0046] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0047] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 130 and the CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0048] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. In addition, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0049] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0050] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to adjust RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0051] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0052] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0053] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0054] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) that is identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0055] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0056] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "6 GHz or less" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0057] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or may not be the same. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may not be the same.

[0058] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a decomposed base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0059] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may determine the location of UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by UE 104 and / or serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / positioning systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0060] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device cluster arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0061] One or more devices may be an energy transmitter 107 that transmits an energy signal 156 to a UE 104. As an example, the UE 104 may be an energy receiver or a passive device with a power harvesting circuit that may harvest radio frequency (RF) energy from the energy signal 156 received from the energy transmitter 107. At least one dedicated frequency band or subchannel may be configured for the energy transmitter 107 to transmit the energy signal 156, and for the UE 104 to receive the energy signal 156 and harvest RF energy from the received energy signal 156. The energy transmitter 107 may be a network device, a UE, a reader, or another type of device that supports transmission of an energy signal that may be used to harvest energy by a receiving device such as the UE 104.

[0062] Reference again Figure 1In some aspects, the UE 104 may include a power consumption component 198 configured to obtain energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation and to send, to a network node, an indication of power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communications or sensing at the device. In some aspects, the base station 102 may include a power consumption component 199 configured to receive an indication of power consumption of a device supporting energy harvesting for at least one of wireless communications or sensing (these wireless communications or the sensing are based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device), and based on the indication of the power consumption, send, to the device, signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communications or the sensing. Although the following description may focus on energy harvesting nodes that utilize backscatter radio components to harvest energy, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other types of energy harvesting nodes, such as energy harvesting nodes that harvest energy from solar energy sources, wind sources, hydroelectric sources, inductive coupling, etc. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0063] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format through the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0064] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0065]

[0066] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0067] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ*15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0068] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a number of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0069] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0070] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0071] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb structures in the comb structure. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0072] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0073] Figure 3 375. The Controller / Processor 375 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0074] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be separated into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission using a corresponding spatial stream.

[0075] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0076] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0077] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0078] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0079] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0080] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0081] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The power consuming component 198 performs various aspects.

[0082] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The power dissipation component 199 combines various aspects.

[0083] In some aspects, a wireless communication system may include one or more devices that collect or harvest energy from wireless signals and use the collected energy for wireless communication, sensing, or other operations of the device.

[0084] Figure 4 A diagram 400 of an RFID tag 402 receiving an energy transfer signal 406 from an RFID reader 404 is illustrated. Such an RFID tag 402 is an example of an energy receiver that can obtain energy from an energy transfer signal (or energy signal) from an energy transmitter (e.g., an RFID reader 404). The energy transfer signal 406 can be used in various industrial IoT (IIoT) applications. For example, RFID technology can be used for inventory / asset management inside and outside warehouses, network sensors in factories, logistics equipment, manufacturing environments, agricultural applications, smart homes, etc. RFID technology can also be deployed in association with cellular infrastructure for wireless applications. An RFID device may include a transponder (e.g., an RFID tag 402) that transmits an information-bearing signal, such as a backscatter modulated information signal 408, when receiving a signal from an RFID reader 404. That is, the RFID reader 404 can send an energy transfer signal 406 as well as an information signal to a passive RFID microchip (e.g., an RFID tag 402) operating without a battery source.

[0085] RFID tag 402 can be configured to operate with low operating expenditure (OPEX), low maintenance cost and / or increased life cycle without a battery source. Other types of RFID tags may include a battery source. For example, semi-passive RFID devices and active RFID devices may have a battery source, but may also be associated with higher costs. In the case where RFID reader 404 is able to provide sufficient received energy 410 to RFID tag 402, RFID tag 402 can collect received energy 410 to perform operations during the communication occasion, or can collect received energy 410 to charge an associated battery. Passive RFID tags can collect received energy 410 over the air to power the Tx / Rx circuit at RFID tag 402. The energy transfer signal 406 sent to RFID tag 402 can trigger a backscattered modulated information signal 408 from RFID tag 402. RFID tag 402 can absorb or reflect a signal from RFID reader 404 based on the information to be communicated between RFID tag 402 and RFID reader 404. In some cases, RFID tag 402 may include a reduced number of active RF components (eg, no active RF components). By increasing the coverage area of ​​energy transfer signal 406, RFID reader 404 and RFID tag 402 may communicate over a longer physical distance.

[0086] Wireless communication technologies associated with eMBB, URLLC, machine type communication (MTC), etc. may be supported for passive IoT devices. Passive IoT devices are energy receiving devices (such as Figure 4 405 in ). In the example, the RFID reader 404 may correspond to a base station or an entity at a base station, and the RFID tag 402 may correspond to or communicate with a UE. However, some wireless communication technologies may not support certain types of widespread RFID technologies, such as passive IoT devices used for asset management, logistics, warehousing, and manufacturing, etc. In other examples, the passive IoT devices may include timing devices, such as clocks, video equipment, household tools, construction tools, lighting systems, etc.

[0087] In some aspects, the wireless communication technology may support wireless energy transmission (WET) and / or wireless information transmission (WIT) to incorporate passive IoT devices into a wireless network. Using a cellular infrastructure, a base station / network entity may operate as an RFID reader 404 that sends an energy transfer signal 406 to an RFID tag 402 for communicating with a passive IoT device via RFID technology. The base station / network entity may provide energy to the passive IoT device via the energy transfer signal 406 (e.g., the energy transfer signal may correspond to 412a or 414) and may be configured to read / write information stored at the passive IoT device. The information-bearing signal may be reflected from the passive IoT device to the base station / network entity, which may read the reflected signal. For example, the base station / network entity may decode information included in an information-bearing signal (e.g., a backscatter modulated information signal 408) received from a passive IoT device (e.g., an RFID tag 402).

[0088] Figure 5 506. The power collection circuit 500 is a diagram of a power collection circuit. In an example, the power collection circuit may be included at an RFID tag and may include few or no active components. The power collection circuit may be configured to operate at low power during an energy transfer protocol for RF power collection. The energy transfer signal may be received by an antenna 502 and communicated to an impedance matching component 504. The impedance matching component 504 may be tuned to the impedance of the antenna 502 so that the input to the power collection component 506 may be based on the increased power from the impedance matching component. The output of the impedance matching component 504 may also be demodulated by a demodulator 512 and provided to a microcontroller unit (MCU) 510.

[0089] The nonlinearity of the power collection component 506 may be generated at the output of the power collection component 506 based on the characteristics of the diode associated with the power collection component 506. For example, the power collection component 506 may include a diode that must receive a minimum voltage / power from the antenna 502 and the impedance matching component 504 in order to activate the diode. The minimum voltage / power input to the power collection component 506 to activate the diode may be greater than the power associated with the information signal. For example, the input power to the power collection component 506 may be greater than -20dBm, but in some cases, -10dBm may be the minimum power for activating the diode / power collection component 506. The power collection component 506 may be more efficient at lower frequencies when converting the energy transfer signal to power based on the capacitance and / or resistance of the diode at the power collection component 506. Compared to the energy transfer signal, the bits of the information signal may be decoded at a power input as low as -100dBm to -80dBm.

[0090] The regulator 508 may receive the output of the power collection component 506. The regulator 508 may adjust for nonlinearity of the power collection component 506 before providing the output of the power collection component 506 to the MCU 510. The MCU 510 may be configured to control a sensor 514 in communication with the MCU 510 based on the collected power and / or output a signal to a modulator 516 that modulates the output signal as feedback to the antenna 502 and / or the impedance matching component 504.

[0091] The power collection circuit may include a boost converter 520 to receive the output of the power collection component 506. The boost converter may increase (or boost) the voltage of the output of the power collection component. The output of the boost converter 520 having a boosted voltage may be supplied to an energy storage 522. The energy storage 522 may receive the boosted voltage and store energy collected by the power collection component 506. The energy storage 522 may provide the stored power to other components that may need to be turned on without the output of the power collection component 506. For example, the power collection circuit may determine that the energy signal received from the energy transmitter fails to meet a threshold value of the energy transmitter. In the event that the energy density of the received energy signal is lower than the turn-on voltage, the energy receiver may use the power stored in the energy storage to send an indication to the energy transmitter that the energy signal received from the energy transmitter fails to meet the threshold value.

[0092] In some aspects, passive IoT devices may be incorporated into a wireless network, and the ambient RF signals may not provide sufficient power density to transmit an energy signal having a power density greater than or equal to a threshold value to activate (or switch on) the power harvesting circuit. In one example, the power density of the ambient RF signal (e.g., digital television signal (DTV), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 3G, or Wifi) may be less than 10 nW / cm 2- Here, the power level may vary over time and depend on the location.

[0093] Wireless communication technology may support wireless energy transmission (WET) and / or wireless information transmission (WIT) to incorporate passive IoT devices into wireless networks. That is, dedicated frequency bands may be configured for wireless energy transmission to PIoT applications. Frequency bands associated with WET may be reserved for at least one of WET, WIT, or WET+WIT. Dedicated frequency bands may provide energy coverage for pervasive or permanent wireless powered IoT devices.

[0094] Figure 6600 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of an RF tag 602. The RF tag 602 may be classified into a transponder-based RF tag 604 and a transceiver-based RF tag 606. The transponder-based RF tag 604 may include a transponder. A transponder may refer to communication hardware including passive RF components (i.e., no power is consumed for sending communication signals); however, power may be consumed for controlling the communication hardware to send different types of signals. In an example, the transponder may be a backscatter-based transponder, in which power is consumed to control the transmission of zero bits and one bits, while the actual transmission does not consume power. The transceiver-based RF tag 606 may include a transceiver. A transceiver may refer to communication hardware including active RF components that consume power for sending communication signals. The transponder-based RF tag 604 may include a passive RF tag 608 and a semi-passive RF tag 610. The passive RF tag 608 may include an RF tag having an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a transponder. The passive RF tag 608 may not include a battery. Passive RF tag 608 can be powered by inductive coupling, backscatter radio components and / or surface acoustic waves. Inductive coupling can refer to a scenario where a transmitter is coupled to a receiver through a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field generated by the transmitter flows into the receiver. The transmitter and receiver can be sensitive to distance and orientation. In one example, an RF tag powered by inductive coupling can communicate in a high frequency (HF) range of about 13.56MHz and a low frequency (LF) range of 125kHz or 135kHz. A backscatter radio component can refer to a communication device that can be controlled to reflect / backscatter signals with different amplitudes, phases, and frequencies. In one example, an RF tag powered by a backscatter radio component can communicate at ultra-high frequencies (UHF) of about 902MHz to 928MHz and microwave frequencies such as 2400MHz to 2483.5MHz and 5725MHz to 5850MHz. A device powered by a surface acoustic wave can convert electromagnetic waves into acoustic waves that propagate in the surface. In one example, an RF tag powered by surface acoustic waves may communicate at microwave frequencies such as 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz.

[0095] The semi-passive RF tag 610 may include an RF tag having an IC, an antenna, and an energy storage device (e.g., a battery, a rechargeable battery, a supercapacitor, etc.). The battery may increase communication reliability and may increase the sensitivity of the power collection circuit while increasing cost. The semi-passive RF tag 610 may be powered by an inductively coupled and / or backscatter radio component (as described above). The semi-passive RF tag 610 may store energy / power obtained via the inductively coupled and / or backscatter radio component in the energy storage device.

[0096] The transceiver-based RF tag 606 may include an active RF tag 612. The active RF tag 612 may include an RF tag having an integrated circuit, an antenna, a battery, and an onboard transmitter. The battery may increase the reliability of communications and may increase the sensitivity of the power harvesting circuit while increasing the cost. In one example, the onboard transmitter may be a transceiver. The active RF tag 612 may communicate via a Tx / Rx radio at UHF (e.g., 902 MHz to 928 MHz) and / or microwave frequencies (e.g., 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz and 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz). The active RF tag 612 may include an integrated circuit, an antenna, a battery, and an onboard transmitter. The battery may increase the reliability of communications and may increase the sensitivity of the power harvesting circuit while increasing the cost. In one example, the onboard transmitter may be a transceiver. The active RF tag 612 may communicate via a Tx / Rx radio at UHF (e.g., 902 MHz to 928 MHz) and / or microwave frequencies (e.g., 2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz and 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz).

[0097] Generally speaking, the passive RF tag 608 may be associated with lower range, lower complexity, and lower cost than the semi-passive RF tag 610. Generally speaking, the semi-passive RF tag 610 may be associated with lower range, lower complexity, and lower cost than the active RF tag 612.

[0098] Figure 7 700 is a diagram illustrating example aspects of an RFID tag. An RFID tag may perform passive energy harvesting. An RFID tag may perform self-sensing using an antenna as a sensor. In an example, an RFID reader may detect macro changes about an RFID tag by performing measurements such as received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements. RFID tags may also be equipped with sensors such as temperature sensors, cameras, etc. RFID tags may report sensor readings. In an example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may wirelessly provide power to an RFID tag (e.g., via a backscatter radio component and / or inductive coupling), and the RFID tag may utilize the power to perform sensing and / or report sensing results to the base station.

[0099] As shown in diagram 700, RFID tags may be classified according to a sensing mechanism (e.g., self-sensing or through a specific sensor) and a data transmission mode. A first category 702 of RFID tags may include RFID tags that perform self-sensing using an antenna. A first category 702 of RFID tags may be associated with analog data transmission. A first category 702 of RFID tags may include RFID tags with an antenna and a chip. A first category 702 of RFID tags may be associated with macro sensing.

[0100] The second category 704 of RFID tags may include RFID tags that perform self-sensing using a grid. The second category 704 of RFID tags may be associated with analog data transmission and / or digital data transmission. The second category 704 of RFID tags may include RFID tags with multiple chips. The second category 704 of RFID tags may be associated with macro sensing. In an example, the second category 704 of RFID tags may include two-port tags.

[0101] The third category 706 of RFID tags may include RFID tags that perform specialized sensing (e.g., using a temperature sensor, camera, etc.). The third category 706 of RFID tags may be associated with analog data transmission. The third category 706 of RFID tags may include RFID tags with a specialized sensor (or multiple specialized sensors). The third category 706 of RFID tags may be associated with a specific type of sensing (e.g., temperature). In one example, the third category 706 of RFID tags may include an isotropic inertial switch.

[0102] The fourth category 708 of RFID tags may include RFID tags that perform specialized sensing (e.g., using a temperature sensor, camera, etc.). The fourth category 708 of RFID tags may be associated with digital data transmission. The fourth category 708 of RFID tags may include RFID tags with a microcontroller. The fourth category 708 of RFID tags may be associated with a specific type of sensing (e.g., temperature). In one example, the fourth category 708 of RFID tags may include a wireless identification and sensing platform (WISP).

[0103] Figure 8 800 is a diagram illustrating an example of a WET and WIT timeline. The WET and WIT timeline may be referred to as a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) and / or simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) round 802. The WPCN / SWIPT round 802 may include one or more WET phases 804, 808, 812 and one or more WIT phases 806, 810, 814. The WET phases 804, 808, 812 may be referred to as energy phases. During the energy phases, the EH nodes may harvest energy from wireless signals, for example, as described in conjunction with reference Figure 4 and / or any of the aspects described in 5. The EH node may collect energy via backscatter radio components, inductive coupling, surface acoustic waves, solar panels, wind turbines, and / or hydroelectric turbines. The WIT phases 806, 810, 814 may be referred to as information phases. During the information phase, the EH node may send data, receive data, perform sensor measurements, and / or perform other computing tasks.

[0104] During the WET phases 804, 808, 812, a base station (e.g., a gNB) or another energy transfer device may deliver wireless energy to power the EH device of the UE. In one example, the base station may deliver wireless energy to the UE via a backscatter radio component. A UE that reports energy storage capabilities (e.g., passive, semi-passive, or active) may assist the base station in determining the energy charging time of the UE and / or the strategy (e.g., power control) for communicating with the UE. In one example, a UE with passive energy storage capabilities may utilize continuous energy signaling before each communication. In one example, a UE with semi-passive energy storage capabilities may utilize intermittent energy signaling before the energy storage is exhausted. In one example, a UE with active energy storage capabilities may not utilize energy signaling.

[0105] An EH node (e.g., a UE including EH capabilities) may utilize different energy storage devices for communication and sensing, i.e., the EH node may include a first energy storage device storing a first energy for communicating with a base station and a second energy storage device storing a second energy for powering a sensor of the EH node. In an example, the EH node may collect energy during WET phases 804, 808, 812, and the EH node may utilize the energy during WIT phases 806, 810, 814. The EH node may accumulate energy during one or more of the WET phases 804, 808, 812. If the energy accumulated during one or more of the WET phases 804, 808, 812 is not sufficient for transmission and / or sensing purposes, the EH node may skip one or more of the WIT phases 806, 810, 814.

[0106] The EH node may report energy storage capabilities to the network (e.g., to a base station such as a gNB). For example, different EH nodes may have different energy storage capacities / battery types. If the base station is informed of the power consumption of the EH node for communication and / or sensing (e.g., during the WIT phase), the base station is able to manage power / energy delivery to the EH node. If the base station obtains data related to the energy storage capacity and / or power consumption of the EH node, the base station can manage the energy transfer and duty cycle of the communication phase (e.g., WIT phases 806, 810, 814) in an efficient manner. For example, the base station can ensure that energy is wirelessly delivered to the EH node in a manner that does not skip the WIT phase due to the EH node having insufficient energy.

[0107] As noted above, a device (e.g., a UE) may include an EH collection modality (e.g., a backscatter radio component). In one example, the device may receive an energy transfer signal from a network node. The device may collect energy from the energy transfer signal to perform operations during a communication phase with the network node or to perform sensing via a sensor of the device. The device may also store the energy in a battery. If the device lacks sufficient energy for a communication phase with the network node, the device may skip the communication phase. Similarly, if the device lacks sufficient energy to perform sensing, the device may not perform the sensing. Various techniques related to a power consumption model for an energy harvesting device are disclosed herein. In one example, a device supporting energy harvesting obtains energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation. The device sends an indication of the power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to the network node. The indication of the power consumption of the device may enable the network node to manage the energy transfer and duty cycle of the communication phase of the device in an energy-saving manner, so that communication is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy for the device and / or the device is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy for the device.

[0108] Fig. 9 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a backscatter power consumption report 906 sent by a backscatter EH node 902 to a base station 904. The backscatter EH node 902 may be a UE. The backscatter EH node 902 may include a backscatter radio component 903. Different backscatter radio components may have different information transceivers. The backscatter radio component 903 may include the backscatter radio component 903 described above. Figures 4 to 6 Some or all of the aspects described in the description.

[0109] The backscatter power consumption report 906 may include a data rate dependent power consumption 908. The data rate dependent power consumption 908 may be based on hardware characteristics 910 (i.e., a specific implementation) of the backscatter EH node 902 and / or a modulation scheme 912 used by the backscatter radio component 903 for wireless communication. In an example, the modulation scheme may be amplitude shift keying (ASK), on-off keying (OOK) modulation, or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Fig.10, presents a diagram 1000 illustrating example aspects of a backscatter radio component. A backscatter radio component transmission may utilize a relatively low amount of power (e.g., tens to hundreds of nW). In one aspect, a backscatter radio component (e.g., backscatter radio component 903) may be implemented to operate in FR1 using an RF switch. In one aspect, a backscatter radio component (e.g., backscatter radio component 903) may be implemented to operate in FR1 using a high-rate transistor. An EH node (e.g., backscatter EH node 902) may report a data rate-dependent power consumption for a data rate of 1 kbps. In one aspect, the power consumption of the backscatter radio component increases linearly with the data rate.

[0110] In one aspect, the backscatter radio component (e.g., backscatter radio component 903) can be implemented to operate at millimeter wave frequencies using other transistors (such as single pole double throw (SPDT) switch 1002 or pseudo high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) 1010). SPDT switch 1002 can support ASK modulation and / or OOK modulation at millimeter wave frequencies. SPDT switch 1002 can support backscatter communication under FR2. The backscatter radio component can utilize SPDT switch 1002 to switch between a first transmission line 1004 (L1) and a second transmission line 1006 (L2) of different lengths to modulate the signal. The first transmission line 1004 and the second transmission line 1006 can have different impedances. When antenna 1008 is connected to the first transmission line 1004, antenna 1008 can be tuned so that antenna 1008 resonates and reflects the signal back to the base station (e.g., base station 904). When antenna 1008 is connected to the second transmission line 1006, the antenna is not tuned and therefore does not reflect the signal back. The backscatter radio component can change the amplitude of the reflected signal and thus modulate the signal by selectively connecting to the first transmission line 1004 and the second transmission line 1006. Thus, by observing whether the SPDT switch absorbs or reflects the signal, the base station can communicate with the EH node (e.g., backscatter EH node 902).

[0111] The pHEMT 1010 may support QAM. The pHEMT 1010 may support backscatter communications under FR2. The pHEMT 1010 may be part of a backscatter communicator 1012. The backscatter communicator 1012 and the data generator 1014 may be part of a backscatter communication system 1011. The data generator 1014 may generate a bias signal 1016 based on the QAM symbols in the digital baseband 1018. The pHEMT 1010 may receive the bias signal 1016. A printed antenna array 1020 coupled to the pHEMT 1010 may transmit a signal based on the bias signal 1016, thereby enabling the transmission of QAM symbols.

[0112] Return to reference Fig. 9 , the backscatter power consumption report 906 may include a beamforming power consumption 914 and / or a polarization conversion power consumption 916. The beamforming power consumption 914 may include an indication of the power used by the backscatter EH node 902 for beamforming of the backscatter signal. The indication of the power used for beamforming may be a basic power consumption. Beamforming may increase the coverage of the backscatter EH node 902. The backscatter EH node 902 may include a beamforming network. The beamforming network may be active or passive, which may result in different power consumption. The polarization conversion power consumption 916 may include an indication of the power used by the backscatter EH node 902 for polarization conversion. The indication of the power used for polarization conversion may be a basic power consumption. The millimeter wave backscatter radio component (e.g., the backscatter radio component 903) may support passive polarization conversion. The beamforming power consumption 914 and / or the polarization conversion power consumption 916 may be independent of the data rate used for wireless communication at the backscatter EH node 902, for example, they may be referred to as basic power consumption. Fig.11 , illustrates a diagram 1100 illustrating various aspects of beamforming and polarization conversion. Diagram 1100 includes an antenna array 1102 that can be used for beamforming purposes. Antenna array 1102 can be associated with passive beamforming. Antenna array 1102 can be associated with beamforming gain. Antenna array 1102 includes antenna elements 1104 to 1114. Each of antenna elements 1104 to 1114 can be separated by a distance (d). Each of antenna elements 1104 to 1114 can reflect a signal received by a mirror antenna. For example, a signal received at antenna element 1104 can pass through (equal phase) transmission line 1116 and be reflected by antenna element 1114. Similarly, a signal received at antenna element 1114 can pass through transmission line 1116 and be reflected by antenna element 1104. Similarly, a signal received at antenna element 1106 can pass through (equal phase) transmission line 1118 and be reflected by antenna element 1112. Similarly, signals received at antenna element 1112 may pass through transmit line 1118 and reflect through antenna element 1106. Furthermore, signals received at antenna element 1108 may pass through (equal phase) transmit line 1120 and reflect through antenna element 1110. Similarly, signals received at antenna element 1110 may pass through transmit line 1120 and reflect through antenna element 1108.

[0113] Diagram 1100 also includes an illustration 1122 depicting converting the polarization of an incoming signal to orthogonality of the signal. A backscatter radio component (e.g., backscatter radio component 903) may swap the X-port and Y-port associated with the signal and perform a 180° phase shift on the X-port. The backscatter radio component may communicate in full-duplex mode because the backscatter radio component may simultaneously receive a wireless energy signal from a base station and transmit data to the base station using energy from the wireless energy signal. Polarization conversion may be used to mitigate (full-duplex) interference between signals simultaneously transmitted and received at the backscatter radio component.

[0114] Return to reference Fig. 9 , the backscatter power consumption report 906 may include a static power consumption 918 of the backscatter EH node 902. The static power consumption 918 may include an indication of the power consumption of the backscatter EH node 902 for processing DL information and / or preparing data for transmission (e.g., cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculations, protocol stack processing, etc.). The static power consumption 918 may include power consumed by the MCU, IC, or CPU. The backscatter power consumption report 906 may include power consumption that is independent of data rate 920. The backscatter power consumption report 906 may include backscatter radio component power consumption 922.

[0115] Fig.12 1200 is a diagram illustrating an example of an active power consumption report 1206 sent by an active EH node 1202 to a base station 1204. The active EH node 1202 may be or include a UE. The active EH node 1202 may include an active RF component 1203. The active RF component 1203 may include an oscillator, a mixer, and / or a power amplifier. The active RF component 1203 may include aspects of the UE 350 described above.

[0116] The active EH node 1202 can generate signals using active RF components 1203. In one example, for low power consumption, the active EH node 1202 can utilize OOK modulation and / or frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation. In one example, low output power can be generated by the transceiver of the active EH node 1202.

[0117] In one aspect, the energy consumption (E) of packet transmission using active RF components 1203 (ie, using active radio components) is Total ) is provided by the following equation (I).

[0118] (I)

[0119] In equation (I), P Mod May refer to the power consumption of active RF components 1203. Startmay refer to the warm-up time for the active RF component 1203 to be tuned to a stable state. L may refer to the size of a packet used for wireless communication at the active EH node 1202. R may refer to the data rate used for wireless communication at the active EH node 1202. T Tx Can refer to the power amplifier (PA) efficiency. Tx is provided by the following equation (II).

[0120] (II)

[0121] In equation (II), May refer to the signal output power of the active RF component 1203. γ may refer to the power amplifier efficiency constant.

[0122] For relatively high power output signals, P Tx Can be much larger than P Mod Therefore, the power amplifier power consumption can be compared with the other elements of equation (I) to E Total For relatively low power output signals, P Mod Compared with the other elements of equation (I), E Total For relatively large groups, Can be much larger than T start Therefore, the preheating power consumption is negligible. For relatively short packets, the preheating power consumption is negligible compared to the other elements of equation (I). Total Have a greater impact.

[0123] The active power consumption report 1206 may include a modulator power consumption 1208 indicating the power consumed by the modulator of the active EH node 1202. The modulator power consumption 1208 may be the P Mod The active power consumption report 1206 may include an RF component warm-up time 1210. The RF component warm-up time 1210 may be the T Start The active power consumption report 1206 may include a power amplifier (PA) efficiency 1216. The PA efficiency 1216 may be the P Tx In one example, PA efficiency 1216 may include PA efficiency at different signal output powers. Active power consumption report 1206 may include data rate 1218. Data rate 1218 may be R as described above. Active power consumption report 1206 may include packet size 1220. Packet size 1220 may be L as described above.

[0124] In one aspect, the active power consumption report 1206 may include the sleep mode power consumption 1222 of the active RF component 1203, i.e., the power consumption of the active RF component 1203 when the active EH node 1202 is in a sleep mode (i.e., a deep sleep mode). In one aspect, the base station 1204 may infer an efficient energy transmission mode from the active power consumption report 1206. For example, the base station 1204 may infer a duty cycle, a data rate, and / or a packet size based on the active power consumption report 1206.

[0125] In one aspect, the active power consumption report 1206 may include an indication of the category to which the active EH node 1202 belongs in the power consumption category 1224. Each category in the power consumption category 1224 may be associated with a different power consumption / different data transmission scheme. The power consumption category 1224 may be based on the P Mod 、T start and / or P Tx In some aspects, the power consumption categories 1224 may be based on defined thresholds. The active power consumption report 1206 may indicate that the active EH node 1202 belongs to the first category 1226. The first category 1226 may be associated with a relatively high P which may indicate a relatively long warm-up time and a relatively high modulator power consumption. Mod and T start Thus, the base station 1204 may determine that a low duty cycle with a large packet size may be energy efficient for wireless communication with the active EH node 1202. The active power consumption report 1206 may indicate that the active EH node 1202 belongs to the second category 1228. The second category 1228 may be associated with a relatively low P value, which may indicate relatively low standby power consumption. Mod and T Start Therefore, the base station 1204 may determine that a short packet size may be energy efficient for wireless communication with the active EH node 1202.

[0126] In one aspect, the active power consumption report 1206 may include an indication of the static power consumption 1230 of the active EH node 1202. The static power consumption 1230 may include the power consumption for decoding the DL signal. The static power consumption 1230 may also include the power consumption of the MCU / IC used for computing (or for non-communication related processing). In one aspect, the active power consumption report 1206 may include the PA power consumption 1232.

[0127] Fig.1313 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example of a backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 sent by a backscatter / active EH node 1302 to a base station 1304. The backscatter / active EH node 1302 may be or include a UE. The backscatter / active EH node 1302 may include a backscatter radio component 1306. The backscatter radio component 1306 may include Figures 4 to 6 The components described in the description of and can be executed as Figures 4 to 6 The backscatter radio component 1306 may be or include the backscatter radio component 903 described above. The backscatter / active EH node 1302 may also include an active RF component 1308. The active RF component 1308 may include an oscillator, a mixer, and / or a power amplifier. The active RF component 1308 may include aspects of the UE 350 described above. The active RF component 1308 may include the active RF component 1203 described above. The base station 1304 may manage the duty cycle between the backscatter radio component 1306 and the active RF component 1308 based on the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 for uplink and / or downlink communications with the backscatter / active EH node 1302.

[0128] The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may include the backscatter radio power consumption 1312 of the backscatter radio 1306, i.e., an indication of the power consumed by the backscatter radio 1306 for wireless communications (and other purposes). The backscatter radio power consumption 1312 may include the backscatter radio power consumption 1312 as described above. Figures 9 to 11 The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may include active RF component power consumption 1314, i.e., an indication of the power consumed by the active RF component 1308. The active RF component power consumption 1314 may include the power consumed by the active RF component 1308 as described above. Fig.12 Some or all of the aspects described in the description of .

[0129] In one aspect, the backscatter / active EH node 1302 may send a prediction (i.e., a recommendation) to the base station 1304 using the backscatter radio component 1306 and / or the active RF component 1308. Thus, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may include a prediction 1316. In an example, the prediction in the prediction 1316 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 is to utilize the backscatter radio component 1306 or the active RF component 1308 to wirelessly communicate with the base station 1304 at a future time. The prediction may be based on the energy storage capacity of the backscatter / active EH node 1302 and / or the stability of the energy source of the backscatter / active EH node 1302 at the future time. In an example, the solar energy source may experience periodic changes, and the prediction may be based on the periodic changes.

[0130] In one aspect, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may include an indication of the category to which the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs in the backscatter / active power consumption category 1318. The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs to category 1A 1320. EH nodes belonging to category 1A 1320 may utilize a backscatter radio component based on an OOK modulation scheme. In an example, an EH node belonging to category 1A 1320 may consume less than 10 μW per kilobyte per second (kbps). The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs to category 1B 1322. EH nodes belonging to category 1B 1322 may utilize a backscatter radio component based on a high rate QAM. High rate QAM may consume 10 μW to 100 μW (including polarization conversion). The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs to category 2A 1324. EH nodes belonging to category 2A 1324 may include active radio components with relatively long warm-up power consumption and / or relatively low output power. The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs to category 2B 1326. EH nodes belonging to category 2B 1326 may include active radio components with relatively short warm-up power consumption. The backscatter / active power consumption report 1310 may indicate that the backscatter / active EH node 1302 belongs to category 3 1328. EH nodes belonging to category 3 1328 may include both backscatter radio components and active radio components.

[0131] Fig.141400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensed power consumption report 1406 sent by an EH node 1402 to a base station 1404. The EH node 1402 may be or include a UE. The EH node 1402 includes a sensor 1403 (or multiple sensors). In an example, the sensor 1403 may be or include an antenna, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a camera, a motion sensor, a global positioning satellite (GPS), a gyroscope, and / or a radar. The EH node 1402 may be or include a backscatter EH node 902, an active EH node 1202, or a backscatter / active EH node 1302.

[0132] The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include details related to the sensing performed by the EH node 1402 via the sensor 1403. The EH node 1402 may collect energy (e.g., via a backscatter radio component) and use the energy to perform one or more measurements (i.e., use the energy for sensing). In an example, the one or more measurements may include RSSI measurements, temperature measurements, humidity measurements, captured images, motion data, GPS coordinates, yaw, pitch, and / or roll, and / or radar data. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include power and / or energy used by the EH node 1402 to perform sensing tasks via the sensor 1403. The base station 1404 may send signaling to the EH node 1402 based on the sensing power consumption report 1406, which may manage the energy supply and sensing process of the EH node 1402. In an example, the detailed sensing capabilities and / or sensing data types of the EH node 1402 may be reported to an application server or a core network. The application server and / or the core network may interpret and / or manage the detailed sensing capabilities and / or sensing data types.

[0133] The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include sensor power consumption 1408 of the sensor 1403 when the sensor 1403 performs one or more measurements. The sensor power consumption 1408 may be for performing the sensing task. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include a sensing frequency 1410, which indicates the frequency at which the sensor 1403 performs the measurement. In an example, the sensing frequency 1410 may be once per hour, once per day, etc. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include a sensor warm-up time 1412, which indicates the duration for the sensor 1403 to warm up to an active state so that measurements can be performed via the sensor 1403. The sensor warm-up time 1412 may also be or include a warm-up time for the circuit of the EH node 1402. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include a sensor processing time 1414, which indicates the duration for the EH node 1402 to process the results of the sensing task performed via the sensor 1403. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include a sensor data type 1416, which indicates the type of data generated by the sensor 1403 (e.g., temperature, image, RSSI).

[0134] In one aspect, the sensing power consumption report 1406 may include an indication of the category to which the EH node 1402 belongs in the sensor category 1418. The sensor category 1418 may refer to the type of sensor. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may indicate that the EH node 1402 belongs to the first category 1420. The EH node belonging to the first category 1420 may include an antenna and may perform "self-sensing" via the antenna. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may indicate that the EH node 1402 belongs to the second category 1422. The EH node belonging to the second category 1422 may include a specific sensor, such as a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may indicate that the EH node 1402 belongs to the third category 1424. The EH node belonging to the third category 1424 may include a motion sensor, a GPS sensor, and / or a gyroscope. The sensing power consumption report 1406 may indicate that the EH node 1402 belongs to the fourth category 1426. EH nodes belonging to the fourth category 1426 may include cameras, radars, and / or perception-related devices.

[0135] The sensing power consumption report 1406 may include a total power consumption 1428 of the EH node 1402. The total power consumption 1428 may be the power consumption of the EH node 1402 for a combination of performing sensing via the sensor 1403 and wirelessly communicating with the base station 1404. The total power consumption 1428 may include the total power consumption 1428 of the EH node 1402. Figures 9 to 13 Some or all of the aspects discussed in the description of .

[0136] In one example, the EH node 1402 may perform a temperature measurement. The combination of performing the temperature measurement and the internal processing of the EH node 1402 may consume 2.77 μJ of energy. In another example, the EH node 1402 may capture a grayscale image (i.e., a picture) with a frame resolution of 176 pixels x 144 pixels. The combination of capturing the grayscale image and storing the grayscale image in a memory may consume 10.6 mJ of energy. In some aspects, the sensor 1403 may be associated with a minimum voltage for the sensor 1403 to operate. The minimum voltage may be associated with a device that does not include an energy storage device (e.g., a battery). For example, a relatively high input power may be used to maintain the voltage.

[0137] Fig.15 15 is a diagram 1500 illustrating example communications between a UE 1502 and a base station 1504. The UE 1502 may be an EH node. The UE 1502 may include a power harvesting circuit 500. In an example, the UE 1502 may be or include a UE 104, a UE 350, an RFID tag 402, a backscatter EH node 902, an active EH node 1202, a backscatter / active EH node 1302, an EH node 1402, an apparatus 2004. The base station 1504 may be or include a base station 102, a base station 310, a base station 904, a base station 1204, a base station 1304, a base station 1404, or a network entity 2102.

[0138] At 1506, UE 1502 may receive a configuration for reporting power consumption from base station 1504. The configuration may be used to report power consumption of at least one of wireless communication at UE 1502 or sensing performed at UE 1502. At 1508, UE 1502 may receive a wireless energy signal from base station 1504. At 1510, UE 1502 may obtain energy. In one aspect, at 1512, UE 1502 may receive a wireless energy signal sent by a base station. In such an aspect, at 1514, UE 1502 may extract energy from the wireless energy signal. In another aspect, at 1510, UE 1502 may obtain energy from an energy collection modality (such as a solar panel). In one aspect, at 1516, UE 1502 may use the energy obtained at 1510 to predict the stability of an energy source. For example, UE 1502 may predict the stability of a source energy source.

[0139] At 1518, the UE 1502 may send an indication of power consumption for at least one of wireless communication and / or sensing by the UE 1502. The indication of power consumption may include some or all of aspects of the backscatter power consumption report 906, the active power consumption report 1206, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310, and / or the sensing power consumption report 1406. The indication may include the prediction generated at 1516.

[0140] At 1520, UE 1502 may receive signaling based on an indication of power consumption from base station 1504. In an example, the signaling may control / manage power / energy delivery to UE 1502. In an example, the signaling may manage energy transfer and duty cycle of UE 1502 in a manner that utilizes time and / or energy associated with UE 1502 in an efficient manner. In an example, the signaling may indicate a data rate and / or packet size to be used by UE 1502 to send or receive data / signals. The signaling may include a wireless energy signal. The signaling may be for a backscatter radio component of UE 1502 or another radio component of UE 1502.

[0141] At 1522, UE 1502 may perform sensing based on the signaling. At 1524, UE 1502 may send data based on the signaling received at 1520. The data may include measurements (i.e., results of the sensing performed by UE 1502 at 1522). At 1526, UE 1502 may receive data based on the signaling.

[0142] Fig.16 1600 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a device supporting energy harvesting. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, RFID tag 402, backscatter EH node 902, active EH node 1202, backscatter / active EH node 1302, EH node 1402, UE 1502, apparatus 2004). The method may be associated with various advantages at the device / UE, such as efficient use of energy by the device / UE so that the device / UE does not skip the WIT phase. In an example, the method may be performed by a power consumption component 198.

[0143] At 1602, a device obtains energy from a wireless transmission via at least one energy harvesting operation. For example, Fig.15 At 1510, it is shown that UE 1502 can obtain energy. In another example, Fig.15 At 1512, it is shown that UE 1502 can receive a wireless energy signal, and Fig.15At 1514, it is shown that UE 1502 can extract energy from the wireless energy signal. In another example, obtaining energy may include Figures 4 to 6 In yet another example, the energy harvesting operation may correspond to one or more of the WET phases 804, 808, 812. In one aspect, 1602 may be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0144] At 1604, the device sends, to a network node, an indication of power consumption by the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device. Fig.15 At 1518, it is shown that the UE 1502 can send an indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 for wireless communication and / or sensing. In an example, the indication of power consumption of the device can include some or all of the aspects described above with respect to the backscatter power consumption report 906, the active power consumption report 1206, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310, and / or the sensing power consumption report 1406. In an example, at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device can correspond to one or more of the WIT stages 806, 810, 814. In an aspect, 1604 can be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0145] Fig.17 1700 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a device supporting energy harvesting. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, RFID tag 402, backscatter EH node 902, active EH node 1202, backscatter / active EH node 1302, EH node 1402, UE 1502, device 2004). The method may be associated with various advantages at the device / UE, such as efficient use of energy by the device / UE so that the device / UE does not skip the WIT phase. In an example, the method (including various aspects described below) may be performed by a power consumption component 198.

[0146] At 1704, the device obtains energy from the wireless transmission via at least one energy harvesting operation. For example, Fig.15 At 1510, it is shown that UE 1502 can obtain energy. In another example, Fig.15 At 1512, it is shown that UE 1502 can receive a wireless energy signal, and Fig.15 At 1514, it is shown that UE 1502 can extract energy from the wireless energy signal. In another example, obtaining energy may include Figures 4 to 6In yet another example, the energy harvesting operation may correspond to one or more of the WET phases 804, 808, 812. In one aspect, 1704 may be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0147] At 1706, the device sends, to the network node, an indication of power consumption by the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device. Fig.15 At 1518, it is shown that the UE 1502 can send an indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 for wireless communication and / or sensing. In an example, the indication of power consumption of the device can include some or all of the aspects described above with respect to the backscatter power consumption report 906, the active power consumption report 1206, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310, and / or the sensing power consumption report 1406. In an example, at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device can correspond to one or more of the WIT stages 806, 810, 814. In an aspect, 1706 can be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0148] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption may indicate at least one of the following: a backscatter radio component power consumption of the device, a first power consumption based on polarization conversion, a second power consumption at a data rate, a third power consumption independent of the data rate, a fourth power consumption for processing downlink information, or a fifth power consumption for preparing data transmission. For example, the indication of power consumption may include data rate dependent power consumption 908, static power consumption 918, polarization conversion power consumption 916, power consumption independent of data rate 920, and / or backscatter radio component power consumption 922.

[0149] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption may be based on one or more of: at least one radio frequency component used for wireless communication, at least one modulator component of the device, a single pole double throw switch supporting at least one of ASK modulation or OOK modulation, or a pseudo high electron mobility transistor supporting QAM. For example, the indication of power consumption may include Fig.10 The single pole double throw switch may be a SPDT switch 1002. The pseudo high electron mobility transistor may be a pHEMT 1010. The at least one modulator component of the device may be a modulator 516. The at least one RF component may be an energy transfer signal 406 and / or a backscatter modulated information signal 408.

[0150] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include power consumption as a function of data rate.For example, the indication of power consumption may include power consumption 908 as a function of data rate.

[0151] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on at least one of the hardware of the device or the modulation scheme of the device. For example, the indication of power consumption may be based on hardware characteristics 910 and / or modulation scheme 912 of the backscatter EH node 902 .

[0152] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include the basic power consumption of beamforming and polarization conversion of the device regardless of the data rate. For example, the indication of power consumption may include beamforming power consumption 914 and / or polarization conversion power consumption 916. In another example, the indication of power consumption may include the above Fig.11 Some or all of the aspects described in the description of .

[0153] In one aspect, the device may also include at least one active component, the at least one active component including at least one modulator and at least one power amplifier, and the indication of the power consumption of the device may include one or more of the following: a first power consumption of the at least one modulator, a time when the at least one active component is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of the at least one power amplifier, a preferred data rate for wireless communication, or a preferred packet size for wireless communication. For example, the at least one active component may be an active RF component 1203, and the active RF component 1203 may include at least one modulator and at least one power amplifier. In another example, the indication of power consumption may include modulator power consumption 1208, RF component warm-up time 1210, data rate 1218, packet size 1220, and / or PA power consumption 1232.

[0154] In one aspect, the indication of the power consumption of the device may include multiple categories of power consumption and corresponding preferred data transmission schemes for each of the multiple categories of power consumption. For example, the indication of power consumption may include power consumption categories 1224, which include a first category 1226 and a second category 1228.

[0155] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of a device may indicate multiple power consumptions of different types of radio components at the device. For example, the indication of power consumption may include backscatter radio component power consumption 1312 and active RF component power consumption 1314. In another example, the indication of power consumption may include backscatter / active power consumption category 1318.

[0156] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may indicate a first power consumption of the backscatter radio component and a second power consumption of the active radio component. For example, the indication of power consumption may include backscatter radio component power consumption 1312 and active RF component power consumption 1314.

[0157] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may also indicate whether a backscatter radio component or an active radio component is to be used for wireless communication, and the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on a prediction indicating the stability of the energy source at a future time. For example, the indication of power consumption may include prediction 1316. In another example, Fig.15 At 1516 it is shown that the UE 1502 can predict the stability of the energy source.

[0158] In one aspect, sensing of the device may include one or more of: performing a temperature measurement, performing a humidity measurement, capturing an image, performing an RSSI measurement, performing a radar measurement, determining a speed of the device, determining a location of the device, or determining an orientation of the device. For example, Fig.15 The UE 1502 may perform sensing, as shown at 1522. The sensing may include performing temperature measurements, performing humidity measurements, capturing images, performing RSSI measurements, performing radar measurements, determining the speed of the UE 1502, determining the location of the UE 1502, and / or determining the orientation of the UE 1502.

[0159] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include one or more of the following: the type of sensor that will perform sensing, the first power consumption of the sensor, the warm-up time of the sensor, the duration that the sensor will be active, or the processing time associated with the sensor. For example, the indication of power consumption may include sensor power consumption 1408, sensing frequency 1410, sensor warm-up time 1412, sensor processing time 1414, and / or sensor data type 1416.

[0160] In one aspect, at 1702, the device may receive a configuration for reporting power consumption of the device before sending an indication of power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on the configuration. For example, Fig.15 At 1506, it is shown that the UE 1502 can receive a configuration for reporting power consumption of the UE 1502. The indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 sent at 1518 can be based on the configuration. In an aspect, 1702 can be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0161] In one aspect, at 1708, the device may receive signaling based on an indication of power consumption. For example, Fig.15At 1520, it is shown that the UE 1502 can receive signaling based on the indication of power consumption. In an aspect, 1708 can be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0162] In one aspect, at 1710, the device may perform at least one of wireless communication or sensing based on the signaling. For example, Fig.15 At 1522, it is shown that UE 1502 can perform sensing based on the signaling received at 1520. For example, Fig.15 At 1524, it is shown that UE 1502 can send data based on the signaling received at 1520. For example, Fig.15 At 1526, it is shown that the UE 1502 can receive data based on the signaling received at 1520. In an aspect, 1708 can be performed by the power consumption component 198.

[0163] In one aspect, the signaling may indicate parameters of at least one of an energy collection mode of the device or an information transfer mode of the device. For example, the energy collection mode of the device may correspond to WET phases 804, 808, 812, and the information transfer mode of the device may correspond to WIT phases 806, 810, 814.

[0164] Fig.18 1800 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, base station 310, base station 904, base station 1204, base station 1304, base station 1404, base station 1504, network entity 2102). The method may be associated with various advantages at the network node, such as improved communication reliability with the UE with respect to efficient management of the WET phase and the WIT phase of the UE. In an example, the method may be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0165] At 1802, a network node receives an indication of power consumption of an energy harvesting enabled device for at least one of wireless communications or sensing based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device. Fig.15 At 1518, it is shown that the base station 1504 can receive an indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 for wireless communication and / or sensing. In an example, the indication of the power consumption of the device can include some or all of the aspects described above with respect to the backscatter power consumption report 906, the active power consumption report 1206, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310, and / or the sensing power consumption report 1406. In an example, at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device can correspond to one or more of the WIT stages 806, 810, 814. In an aspect, 1802 can be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0166] At 1804, the network node sends signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing to the device based on the indication of power consumption. Fig.15 It is shown at 1520 that the base station 1504 can send signaling based on the indication of power consumption. In an aspect, 1804 can be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0167] Fig.19 1900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, base station 310, base station 904, base station 1204, base station 1304, base station 1404, base station 1504, network entity 2102). The method may be associated with various advantages at the network node, such as improved communication reliability with the UE with respect to efficient management of the WET phase and the WIT phase of the UE. In an example, the method (including various aspects described below) may be performed by a power consumption component 199.

[0168] At 1904, the network node receives an indication of power consumption of an energy harvesting enabled device for at least one of wireless communications or sensing based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device. Fig.15 At 1518, it is shown that the base station 1504 can receive an indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 for wireless communication and / or sensing. In an example, the indication of the power consumption of the device can include some or all of the aspects described above with respect to the backscatter power consumption report 906, the active power consumption report 1206, the backscatter / active power consumption report 1310, and / or the sensing power consumption report 1406. In an example, at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device can correspond to one or more of the WIT stages 806, 810, 814. In an aspect, 1904 can be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0169] At 1906, the network node sends signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing to the device based on the indication of power consumption. Fig.15 The base station 1504 can send signaling based on the indication of power consumption, shown at 1520. In an aspect, 1906 can be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0170] In one aspect, the indication of the power consumption of the device may include one or more of the following: a first power consumption of at least one modulator of the device, a time when at least one active component of the device is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of at least one power amplifier of the device, a preferred data rate for wireless communication, or a preferred packet size for wireless communication. For example, the at least one active component may be an active RF component 1203, and the active RF component 1203 may include at least one modulator and at least one power amplifier. In another example, the indication of power consumption may include modulator power consumption 1208, RF component warm-up time 1210, data rate 1218, packet size 1220, and / or PA power consumption 1232.

[0171] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include power consumption as a function of data rate.For example, the indication of power consumption may include power consumption 908 as a function of data rate.

[0172] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on at least one of the hardware of the device or the modulation scheme of the device. For example, the indication of power consumption may be based on hardware characteristics 910 and / or modulation scheme 912 of the backscatter EH node 902 .

[0173] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include the basic power consumption of beamforming and polarization conversion of the device independent of the preferred data rate. For example, the indication of power consumption may include beamforming power consumption 914 and / or polarization conversion power consumption 916. In another example, the indication of power consumption may include the above Fig.11 Some or all of the aspects described in the description of .

[0174] In one aspect, the indication of the power consumption of the device may include multiple categories of power consumption and corresponding preferred data transmission schemes for each of the multiple categories of power consumption. For example, the indication of power consumption may include power consumption categories 1224, which include a first category 1226 and a second category 1228.

[0175] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may include a first power consumption of a backscatter radio component of the device and a second power consumption of an active radio component of the device. For example, the indication of power consumption may include backscatter radio component power consumption 1312 and active RF component power consumption 1314.

[0176] In one aspect, the indication of power consumption of the device may indicate whether a backscatter radio or an active radio is to be used for wireless communication, and the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on a prediction indicating the stability of an energy source of the device at a future time. For example, the indication of power consumption may include prediction 1316.

[0177] In one aspect, the indication of the power consumption of the device may include one or more of the following: the type of sensor, the first power consumption of the sensor, the warm-up time of the sensor, the duration that the sensor will be active, or the processing time associated with the sensor. For example, the indication of power consumption may include sensor power consumption 1408, sensing frequency 1410, sensor warm-up time 1412, sensor processing time 1414, and / or sensor data type 1416.

[0178] In one aspect, at 1902, the network node may send a configuration for reporting power consumption of a device before receiving an indication of power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of power consumption of the device may be based on the configuration. For example, Fig.15 At 1506, it is shown that the base station 1504 can send a configuration for reporting power consumption of the UE 1502. The indication of power consumption of the UE 1502 received at 1518 can be based on the configuration. In an aspect, 1902 can be performed by the power consumption component 199.

[0179] In one aspect, the signaling may indicate parameters of at least one of an energy collection phase of the device or an information transfer phase of the device. For example, the energy collection mode of the device may correspond to the WET phase 804, 808, 812, and the information transfer mode of the device may correspond to the WIT phase 806, 810, 814.

[0180] Fig. 202000 is an example of a hardware implementation of an example device 2004. The device 2004 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the device 2004 may include a cellular baseband processor 2024 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 2022 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 2024 may include on-chip memory 2024'. In some aspects, the device 2004 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 2020 and an application processor 2006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 2008 and a screen 2010. The application processor 2006 may include on-chip memory 2006'. In some aspects, the device 2004 may also include a Bluetooth module 2012, a WLAN module 2014, an SPS module 2016 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 2018 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 2026, a power source 2030, and / or a camera 2032. The Bluetooth module 2012, the WLAN module 2014, and the SPS module 2016 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 2012, the WLAN module 2014, and the SPS module 2016 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 2080. The cellular baseband processor 2024 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 2002 through the transceiver 2022 via one or more antennas 2080. The cellular baseband processor 2024 and the application processor 2006 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 2024', 2006', respectively. The additional memory module 2026 may also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 2024', 2006', 2026 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 2024 and the application processor 2006 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software enables the cellular baseband processor 2024 / application processor 2006 to perform the various functions described above when executed by the cellular baseband processor 2024 / application processor 2006. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 2024 / application processor 2006 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 2024 / application processor 2006 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 2004 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006, and in another configuration, the device 2004 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 2004.

[0181] As discussed above, the power consumption component 198 is configured to obtain energy from wireless transmission via at least one energy collection operation. The power consumption component 198 is configured to send an indication of the power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to the network node. The power consumption component 198 is configured to receive a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device before sending the indication of the power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration. The power consumption component 198 is configured to receive signaling based on the indication of power consumption. The power consumption component 198 is configured to perform at least one of wireless communication or sensing based on the signaling. The power consumption component 198 may be in the cellular baseband processor 2024, the application processor 2006, or both the cellular baseband processor 2024 and the application processor 2006. The power consumption component 198 may be one or more hardware components, which are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, the device 2004 may include multiple components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 2004 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006) includes a component for obtaining energy from wireless transmission via at least one energy collection operation. In one configuration, the device 2004 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006) includes a component for sending an indication of the power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to the network node. In one configuration, the device 2004 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006) includes a component for receiving a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device before sending an indication of the power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration. In one configuration, the device 2004 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006) includes a component for receiving a signaling based on an indication of power consumption. In one configuration, the device 2004 (specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2024 and / or the application processor 2006) includes a component for performing at least one of wireless communication or sensing based on the signaling. The component may be a power consuming component 198 of the device 2004 configured to perform the functions recited by the component. As described above, the device 2004 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0182] Fig.212100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a network entity 2102. The network entity 2102 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 2102 may include at least one of a CU 2110, a DU 2130, or a RU 2140. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the power consumption component 199, the network entity 2102 may include a CU 2110; both a CU 2110 and a DU 2130; each of the CU 2110, the DU 2130, and the RU 2140; the DU 2130; both a DU 2130 and a RU 2140; or a RU 2140. The CU 2110 may include a CU processor 2112. The CU processor 2112 may include an on-chip memory 2112'. In some aspects, the CU 2110 may also include an additional memory module 2114 and a communication interface 2118. CU 2110 communicates with DU 2130 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 2130 may include a DU processor 2132. DU processor 2132 may include on-chip memory 2132'. In some aspects, DU 2130 may also include additional memory modules 2134 and communication interface 2138. DU 2130 communicates with RU 2140 via a fronthaul link. RU 2140 may include a RU processor 2142. RU processor 2142 may include on-chip memory 2142'. In some aspects, RU 2140 may also include additional memory modules 2144, one or more transceivers 2146, antenna 2180, and communication interface 2148. RU 2140 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 2112', 2132', 2142' and additional memory modules 2114, 2134, 2144 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 2112, 2132, 2142 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0183] As discussed above, the power consumption component 199 is configured to receive an indication of power consumption of at least one of wireless communication or sensing for a device supporting energy collection, the wireless communication or the sensing being based on energy collected by at least one energy collection operation of the device. The power consumption component 199 is configured to send a signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing for the device based on the indication of power consumption. The power consumption component 199 is configured to send a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device before receiving an indication of the power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration. The power consumption component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 2110, DU 2130, and RU 2140. The power consumption component 199 may be one or more hardware components, which are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 2102 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2102 includes a component for receiving an indication of power consumption of a device supporting energy collection for at least one of wireless communication or sensing, the wireless communication or the sensing being based on energy collected by at least one energy collection operation of the device. The network entity 2102 may include multiple components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2102 includes a component for sending a signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing for the device based on the indication of power consumption. The network entity 2102 may include multiple components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2102 includes a component for sending a configuration for reporting power consumption of the device before receiving an indication of power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of power consumption of the device is based on the configuration. The component may be a power consumption component 199 of the network entity 2102 configured to perform the function recorded by the component. As described above, the network entity 2102 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, a component may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0184] As noted above, a device (e.g., a UE) may include an EH collection modality (e.g., a backscatter radio component). In one example, the device may receive an energy transfer signal from a network node. The device may collect energy from the energy transfer signal to perform operations during a communication phase with the network node or to perform sensing via a sensor of the device. The device may also store the energy in a battery. If the device lacks sufficient energy for a communication phase with the network node, the device may skip the communication phase. Similarly, if the device lacks sufficient energy to perform sensing, the device may not perform the sensing. Various techniques related to a power consumption model for an energy harvesting device are disclosed herein. In one example, a device supporting energy harvesting obtains energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation. The device sends an indication of the power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to the network node. The indication of the power consumption of the device may enable the network node to manage the energy transfer and duty cycle of the communication phase of the device in an energy-saving manner, so that communication is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy for the device and / or the device is not skipped due to the lack of sufficient energy for the device.

[0185] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0186] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ......", do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device", etc. cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

[0187] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0188] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0189] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting, comprising: obtaining energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation; and sending an indication of power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device to a network node.

[0190] Aspect 2 is a method according to Aspect 1, wherein the indication of the power consumption indicates at least one of the following: power consumption of the backscatter radio component of the device, a first power consumption based on polarization conversion, a second power consumption at the data rate, a third power consumption independent of the data rate, a fourth power consumption for processing downlink information, or a fifth power consumption for preparing data transmission.

[0191] Aspect 3 is a method according to Aspect 2, wherein the indication of the power consumption is based on one or more of the following: at least one radio frequency component used for the wireless communication, at least one modulator component of the device, a single-pole double-throw switch supporting at least one of ASK modulation or OOK modulation, or a pseudo-matched high electron mobility transistor supporting QAM.

[0192] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 2 to 3, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes power consumption that is dependent on data rate.

[0193] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 2 to 4, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on at least one of hardware of the device or a modulation scheme of the device.

[0194] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of aspects 2 to 5, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes basic power consumption of beamforming and the polarization conversion of the device independent of the data rate.

[0195] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the device includes at least one active component, the at least one active component includes at least one modulator and at least one power amplifier, and wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes one or more of the following: a first power consumption of the at least one modulator, a time when the at least one active component is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of the at least one power amplifier, a preferred data rate for the wireless communication, or a preferred packet size for the wireless communication.

[0196] Aspect 8 is a method according to aspect 7, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes multiple categories of power consumption and a corresponding preferred data transmission scheme for each of the multiple categories of power consumption.

[0197] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates a plurality of power consumptions of different types of radio components at the device.

[0198] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates a first power consumption of a backscatter radio component and a second power consumption of an active radio component.

[0199] Aspect 11 is a method according to any aspect of Aspect 10, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates whether to use the backscatter radio component or the active radio component for the wireless communication, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on a prediction indicating the stability of the energy source at a future time.

[0200] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the sensing of the device includes one or more of the following: performing temperature measurement, performing humidity measurement, capturing an image, performing RSSI measurement, performing radar measurement, determining the speed of the device, determining the position of the device, or determining the orientation of the device.

[0201] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes one or more of the following: the type of sensor to perform the sensing, the first power consumption of the sensor, the warm-up time of the sensor, the duration that the sensor will be active, or the processing time associated with the sensor.

[0202] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, further comprising: before sending the indication of the power consumption of the device, receiving a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration.

[0203] Aspect 15 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, further comprising: receiving signaling based on the indication of the power consumption; and performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing based on the signaling.

[0204] Aspect 16 is a method according to aspect 15, wherein the signaling indicates a parameter of at least one of an energy harvesting mode of the device or an information transfer mode of the device.

[0205] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting, the apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to execute a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 16 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0206] Aspect 18 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16.

[0207] Aspect 19 is an apparatus according to Aspect 17 or 18, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of the power consumption via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna.

[0208] Aspect 20 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16.

[0209] Aspect 21 is a method for performing wireless communications at a network node, comprising: receiving an indication of power consumption of a device supporting energy collection for at least one of wireless communication or sensing, wherein the wireless communication or the sensing is based on energy collected by at least one energy collection operation of the device; and based on the indication of the power consumption, sending signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing to the device.

[0210] Aspect 22 is a method according to Aspect 21, wherein the indication of the power consumption includes one or more of the following: a first power consumption of at least one modulator of the device, a time when at least one active component of the device is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of at least one power amplifier of the device, a preferred data rate for the wireless communication, or a preferred packet size for the wireless communication.

[0211] Aspect 23 is a method according to aspect 22, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes power consumption that is dependent on data rate.

[0212] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 23, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on at least one of hardware of the device or a modulation scheme of the device.

[0213] Aspect 25 is a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes a basic power consumption of the beamforming and the polarization conversion of the device independent of the preferred data rate.

[0214] Aspect 26 is a method according to any one of aspects 21 to 25, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes multiple categories of power consumption and a corresponding preferred data transmission scheme for each of the multiple categories of power consumption.

[0215] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 21 to 26, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a first power consumption of a backscatter radio component of the device and a second power consumption of an active radio component of the device.

[0216] Aspect 28 is a method according to Aspect 27, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates whether the backscatter radio component or the active radio component is to be used for the wireless communication, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on a prediction indicating the stability of the energy source of the device at a future time.

[0217] Aspect 29 is a method according to any one of aspects 21 to 28, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes one or more of the following: the type of the sensor, the first power consumption of the sensor, the warm-up time of the sensor, the duration that the sensor will be active, or the processing time associated with the sensor.

[0218] Aspect 30 is a method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 29, further comprising: before receiving the indication of the power consumption of the device, sending a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration.

[0219] Aspect 31 is a method according to any one of aspects 21 to 30, wherein the signaling indicates a parameter of at least one of an energy collection phase of the device or an information transfer phase of the device.

[0220] Aspect 32 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 31 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0221] Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 21 to 31.

[0222] Aspect 34 is an apparatus according to Aspect 32 or 33, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the power consumption via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna and send the signaling for the device.

[0223] Aspect 35 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by an apparatus causes the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of aspects 21 to 31.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting, comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: obtaining energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation; as well as An indication of power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device is sent to a network node.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication of the power consumption indicates at least one of: The backscatter radio component power consumption of the device, The first power consumption based on polarization conversion, The second power consumption at data rate, a third power consumption independent of the data rate, a fourth power consumption for processing downlink information, or Fifth power consumption for preparing data transmission.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication of the power consumption is based on one or more of: at least one radio frequency component for said wireless communication, at least one modulator component of said device, a single-pole double-throw switch supporting at least one of amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation or on-off keying (OOK) modulation, or Pseudoconjugate high electron mobility transistor supporting quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises power consumption that is dependent on data rate.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on at least one of hardware of the device or a modulation scheme of the device.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a base power consumption of beamforming and the polarization conversion of the device independent of the data rate.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises at least one active component, the at least one active component comprising at least one modulator and at least one power amplifier, and wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises one or more of: a first power consumption of the at least one modulator, the time at which the at least one active component is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of the at least one power amplifier, a preferred data rate for said wireless communication, or The preferred packet size for the wireless communication.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a plurality of categories of power consumption and a corresponding preferred data transmission scheme for each of the plurality of categories of power consumption.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates a plurality of power consumptions of different types of radios at the device.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates a first power consumption of a backscatter radio component and a second power consumption of an active radio component.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates whether the backscatter radio component or the active radio component is to be used for the wireless communication, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on a prediction indicating the stability of the energy source at a future time.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensing of the device comprises one or more of: Perform temperature measurements, perform humidity measurements, capture images, perform received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, perform radar measurements, determine the speed of the device, determine the location of the device, or determine the orientation of the device.

13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes one or more of the following: a type of sensor to perform the sensing, a first power consumption of the sensor, a warm-up time of the sensor, a duration that the sensor will be active, or a processing time associated with the sensor.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: Prior to sending the indication of the power consumption of the device, a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device is received, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving signaling based on the indication of the power consumption; as well as At least one of the wireless communication or the sensing is performed based on the signaling.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the signaling indicates a parameter of at least one of an energy harvesting mode of the device or an information transfer mode of the device.

17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: At least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to transmit the indication of the power consumption via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna.

18. A method for wireless communication at a device supporting energy harvesting, comprising: obtaining energy from wireless transmissions via at least one energy harvesting operation; as well as An indication of power consumption of the device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing at the device is sent to a network node.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving an indication of power consumption of an energy harvesting enabled device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing, the wireless communication or the sensing being based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device; as well as Based on the indication of the power consumption, signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing is sent for the device.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises one or more of: a first power consumption of at least one modulator of the device, the time at which at least one active component of the device is tuned to a stable state, a second power consumption of at least one power amplifier of the device, a preferred data rate for said wireless communication, or The preferred packet size for the wireless communication.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises data rate dependent power consumption.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on at least one of hardware of the device or a modulation scheme of the device.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a base power consumption of beamforming and polarization switching of the device independent of the preferred data rate.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a plurality of categories of power consumption and a corresponding preferred data transmission scheme for each of the plurality of categories of power consumption.

25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device comprises a first power consumption of a backscatter radio component of the device and a second power consumption of an active radio component of the device.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device indicates whether the backscatter radio component or the active radio component is to be used for the wireless communication, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on a prediction indicating the stability of the energy source of the device at a future time.

27. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device includes one or more of the following: a type of sensor, a first power consumption of the sensor, a warm-up time of the sensor, a duration that the sensor will be active, or a processing time associated with the sensor.

28. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: Prior to receiving the indication of the power consumption of the device, a configuration for reporting the power consumption of the device is sent, wherein the indication of the power consumption of the device is based on the configuration.

29. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the power consumption and send the signaling via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna.

30. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: receiving an indication of power consumption of an energy harvesting enabled device for at least one of wireless communication or sensing, the wireless communication or the sensing being based on energy harvested by at least one energy harvesting operation of the device; as well as Based on the indication of the power consumption, signaling associated with performing at least one of the wireless communication or the sensing is sent for the device.

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