Field soil leaching test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a field soil leaching test device and method, and relates to the technical field of soil leaching tests, the field soil leaching test device comprises: a vibration device arranged in a soil layer adjacent to a leaching area and used for vibrating the leaching area; the flow collecting device is downwards inserted into the soil layer along the outer edge of the leaching area and is used for limiting the leaching liquid to downwards permeate along the leaching area; the spraying device is used for spraying a leaching solution to the leaching area; and the collecting device is arranged in the leaching area and is used for collecting the leaching liquid. The device is simple in structure and convenient to use, can avoid the influence of surface breaking flow and preferential flow in the field soil leaching test process, is convenient to carry and install in field operation, can flexibly adjust the leaching liquid spraying range and spraying speed, has intelligence and high simulation, and has good application prospects and wide application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil leaching test, and in particular to a field soil leaching test device and method. Background Art

[0002] Soil leaching test is a test used to study the migration patterns of water and solutes in soil. It generally includes two test methods: sampling test and in-situ test. In the sampling test, the soil in the test area is collected, air-dried, ground, sieved, and placed in a plexiglass cylinder. The soil sample is leached above and the leachate is collected at the bottom of the soil sample. The migration pattern of the leachate in the soil can be determined by testing and analyzing the leachate. However, the original shape of the soil sample has been destroyed after being processed by grinding and other processes, and the test results cannot truly reflect the in-situ soil leaching situation.

[0003] The test steps of in-situ test and sampling test are basically the same, the difference is that the test is carried out directly in the soil in situ, so the test effect is more representative. However, in-situ test has the following problems:

[0004] 1. During the leaching process, the leaching liquid will experience broken surface flow and preferential flow. Broken surface flow refers to the phenomenon that water flows on the soil surface without penetrating into the soil. This is usually caused by the unevenness of the soil surface or the destruction of the soil structure. Broken surface flow will cause water and solutes to move mainly on the soil surface instead of penetrating into the soil, thus affecting the results of the leaching test. Preferential flow refers to the phenomenon that water and solutes flow rapidly along the large pores in the soil (such as cracks, root holes, wormholes, etc.) and bypass the soil matrix. This flow mode allows water and solutes to quickly reach the deep soil layer without fully contacting and interacting with the soil matrix. The existence of preferential flow will lead to the rapid migration of solutes in the leaching test, thus affecting the study of the laws of soil solute migration.

[0005] 2. The spraying range and spraying speed of the spray liquid are not easy to adjust. If the existing sprinkler head wants to expand the spraying range, the corresponding spraying pressure must be increased, which will lead to an increase in the spraying speed, and cannot meet the requirements of the leaching test.

[0006] 3. The leaching test has poor intelligence and is inconvenient to carry and use during field operations.

[0007] In view of this, how to provide a field leaching test device and test method that can partially or completely solve the above problems is an issue that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a field soil leaching test device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a field soil leaching test device, comprising:

[0010] A vibration device is arranged in a soil layer adjacent to the leaching area and is used to vibrate the leaching area;

[0011] A flow collecting device is inserted downward into the soil layer along the outer edge of the leaching area to limit the infiltration of the leaching liquid downward along the leaching area;

[0012] A spraying device, used for spraying leaching liquid into the leaching area;

[0013] The collecting device is arranged in the leaching area and is used for collecting the leaching liquid.

[0014] Furthermore, the current collecting device is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and the bottom, with its lower end inserted 10-20 cm below the ground surface and its upper end located above the ground surface.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying device comprises:

[0016] A connecting tube, which is adapted to the shape of the upper opening of the current collecting device and is detachably connected thereto;

[0017] A plurality of adjustment mechanisms are circumferentially arranged in the connecting tube;

[0018] The spray assembly comprises a plurality of spray heads, wherein the plurality of spray heads are arranged on the adjusting mechanism and correspond to the leaching area, and the adjusting mechanism can adjust the positions of the spray heads.

[0019] Furthermore, the regulating mechanism comprises:

[0020] A lead screw is vertically arranged in the connecting tube, and the bottom of the lead screw is connected to the inner surface of the connecting tube through a connecting rod;

[0021] An adjusting block is sleeved on the lead screw and can move in a vertical direction;

[0022] An adjusting nut, threadably connected to the lead screw and disposed on the lower surface of the adjusting block;

[0023] A top seat connected to the lead screw, with the connection being close to the upper end of the lead screw;

[0024] A plurality of first hinged rods are arranged along the circumference of the top seat, one end of the first hinged rod is hinged to the top seat, and the other end extends downward, and the lower side surfaces of the plurality of first hinged rods are connected to the adjustment block;

[0025] A plurality of second hinged rods are arranged corresponding to the plurality of first hinged rods one by one, the second hinged rods are hinged to the other end of the first hinged rod, a limiting assembly is arranged between the first hinged rod and the second hinged rod, the limiting assembly is used to fix the first hinged rod and the second hinged rod and limit the second hinged rod to be in a horizontal position; the spray assembly is arranged on the top seat and / or the first hinged rod and / or the second hinged rod;

[0026] The adjusting nut can rotate and move up and down along the lead screw, and the adjusting nut can drive the adjusting block to move up and down. When the adjusting block moves up and down, the adjusting block drives the first hinge rod to rotate relative to the top seat.

[0027] Furthermore, the limiting component includes:

[0028] The limiting rod comprises a first slot formed in the first hinge rod along the length direction, and a second slot formed in the second hinge rod along the length direction. The first slot and the second slot are both provided with connecting threads, and the two ends of the limiting rod are respectively fixed in the first slot and the second slot by fastening bolts.

[0029] Furthermore, the spray assembly includes:

[0030] A buffer box, arranged on the top seat and connected to the leachate delivery mechanism;

[0031] A liquid inlet hose is connected to the cache box at one end and to the plurality of spray heads at the other end, and the spray heads are arranged on the lower side of the second hinged rod.

[0032] Furthermore, the spray head is arranged at an angle, and its spraying direction is close to the middle of the leaching area.

[0033] Furthermore, the leachate delivery mechanism comprises:

[0034] Multiple raw material cylinders for storing leaching stock solution;

[0035] A mixing cylinder, the discharge ends of multiple raw material cylinders are connected to the mixing cylinder through a metering pump, and the mixing cylinder is connected to the cache box.

[0036] The present invention also provides a field soil leaching test method, using the field soil leaching test device, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1: A trench is excavated on one side of the leaching area, and multiple installation holes are opened in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer. The multiple installation holes are arranged along the vertical direction of the soil layer and are located on the left and right sides of the leaching area. A vibration device is arranged in the installation hole, and the leaching area is vibrated by the vibration device to homogenize the pores of the soil layer in the leaching area and evenly distribute the soil;

[0038] S2: Divide the leaching area into multiple leaching units along the vertical direction, open multiple troughs in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer, the multiple troughs are arranged one-to-one with the multiple leaching units, and adjacent troughs do not overlap in the vertical direction; arrange a liquid collecting trough in the trough, arrange a liquid storage cylinder in the trench, the liquid storage cylinder is located below the liquid collecting trough, and the liquid storage cylinder and the liquid collecting trough are connected through a liquid outlet hose, and the liquid collecting trough, the liquid outlet hose and the liquid storage cylinder constitute a collecting device;

[0039] S3: Insert the lower end of the current collecting device 10-20 cm below the ground surface by hammering, with the upper end above the ground surface;

[0040] S4: Determine the spray range of the spray head according to the area of ​​the leaching area, rotate the adjustment nut according to the spray range, adjust the position of the first hinged rod, and fix the two ends of the limit rod in the first slot and the second slot respectively by tightening bolts, so that the multiple spray heads correspond to the leaching area;

[0041] S5: Thread the connecting tube into the upper opening of the current collecting device, and insert the two ends of the connecting rod into the mounting seats on the inner surface of the connecting tube;

[0042] S6: Connect the buffer box on the top seat with the mixing cylinder, start the metering pump, adjust the output flow of the metering pump according to the preset ratio, and the leaching liquid of multiple raw material cylinders enters the mixing cylinder to mix to form a leaching liquid. The leaching liquid is transported to the buffer box and sprayed from the sprinkler head to the surface of the leaching area through the liquid inlet hose. The leaching liquid penetrates downward into the soil layer in the vertical direction and forms a leachate after contacting the soil layer. The leachate is collected in multiple liquid collecting tanks in turn and collected in the liquid storage cylinder through the liquid outlet hose.

[0043] Furthermore, a pH sensor is arranged in the liquid storage cylinder, and when the pH sensor senses that the eluate reaches a preset pH, the metering pump is turned off.

[0044] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0045] 1. In view of the influence of the flow mode of the surface break flow and the preferential flow of the leaching liquid on the leaching test, the present application vibrates the leaching area through a vibration device before the test, so that the soil inside the leaching area is evenly distributed. At the same time, under the action of the vibration device, the pore size of the soil inside the leaching area will tend to be consistent, which can fully avoid the problem of preferential flow of the leaching liquid; the present application inserts a flow collecting device at the outer edge of the corresponding leaching area, and the flow collecting device can limit the leaching liquid within the leaching area, and will not flow along the surface to the outside of the leaching area, thereby accelerating the penetration speed of the leaching liquid into the soil layer below. On the basis of the vibration of the leaching area, the leaching liquid can penetrate from the surface into the stratum below and slowly penetrate downward to form a leachate, thereby realizing an in-situ soil leaching test. In addition, the flow collecting device can also limit the spraying direction of the spray assembly, so that the leaching liquid sprayed from the spray head close to the flow collecting device can be blocked within the flow collecting device and flow downward along the inner surface of the flow collecting device to the leaching area, thereby avoiding the waste of leaching liquid.

[0046] 2. This application adopts a circumferentially arranged adjustment mechanism and spray assembly. The adjustment mechanism can change the spray range of the leaching liquid without changing the hydraulic pressure and spray flow rate of the leaching liquid. The area of ​​the leaching area can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual application scenario, so that the spray range of the leaching liquid fully covers the leaching area, further improving the simulation of the soil leaching experiment and the referenceability of the test results.

[0047] 3. This application modularizes each device. The collecting device, connecting tube, regulating device, spray assembly and leachate delivery mechanism can all be disassembled, which is convenient for carrying during field operations. Each device has a quick disassembly and assembly connection structure, which is easy to use.

[0048] 4. The output flow rate of the leaching liquid is controlled by a metering pump. On the one hand, it can be mixed according to the preset ratio to form the leaching liquid, and on the other hand, it can also control the output flow rate of the leaching liquid and the spraying speed of the spray component. In some special scenarios, such as when the leaching liquid is acidic and the soil is alkaline, the test progress can be controlled according to the pH value of the leaching liquid, which improves the intelligence and convenience of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 Layout diagram for the vibration device;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the collection device;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure used in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the first hinged rod and the second hinged rod;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the spray range is reduced;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the leachate delivery mechanism;

[0056] Among them, 1. vibration device; 2. flow collecting device; 3. soil layer; 4. leaching area; 5. connecting tube; 6. sprinkler head; 7. screw; 8. connecting rod; 9. adjusting block; 10. adjusting nut; 11. top seat; 12. first hinged rod; 13. second hinged rod; 14. limit rod; 15. first slot; 16. second slot; 17. fastening bolt; 18. cache box; 19. liquid inlet hose; 20. raw material cylinder; 21. mixing cylinder; 22. metering pump; 23. liquid collecting tank; 24. liquid outlet hose; 25. liquid storage cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In the prior art, the relevant contents of the field soil leaching experimental device that have been retrieved are as follows:

[0058] Patent CN109959772B discloses an in-situ monitoring test device and method for soil leaching, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art cannot realize the time calibration and quantitative collection of leaching samples under field irrigation or rainfall infiltration conditions. The invention realizes the quantitative collection and time calibration of leaching samples through a specific liquid storage volume of the reservoir and the volume of the sampling bottle, and can obtain the concentration process curve of the leaching solute to meet the needs of the kinetic research of the leaching solution index. In addition, the invention has a high degree of automation and can meet the needs of long-term automatic monitoring. The structure design is ingenious, which effectively avoids the long-term contact between the soil leaching solution and the air, and ensures the authenticity of the composition of the collected leaching solution.

[0059] The device consists of a receiving tray, a liquid storage container, a sampling device, an air charging device, an exhaust pipe, a time recorder and a controller.

[0060] Detailed description of the device:

[0061] Receiving tray: It includes a funnel-shaped tray body and a filter layer. The filter layer is composed of a filter plate, a quartz sand layer and a gauze.

[0062] Liquid reservoir: A baffle is fixedly arranged inside the cylinder, and a liquid discharge piston is slidably arranged to form a gas chamber and a liquid chamber.

[0063] Inflating device: includes an inflation tube and an inflation pump, one end of the inflation tube is connected to the inflation pump, and the other end extends into the gas cavity.

[0064] Exhaust pipe: includes a pipe body, an exhaust piston and a hard support rod to achieve synchronous movement of the exhaust piston and the discharge piston.

[0065] Sampling device: includes a rotating tray, a sample bottle, a sampling tube, an injection needle, an exhaust needle, a lifting drive and a rotating drive.

[0066] Method Detailed Description:

[0067] Arrange the equipment: Dig earth at the test site to form pits and holes, place receiving trays and liquid reservoirs, and connect sampling devices, inflation devices and time recorders.

[0068] Leachate collection: The leachate passes through the soil layer and falls into the receiving tray. After preliminary filtration, it flows into the liquid cavity of the reservoir.

[0069] Liquid level control: When the liquid level reaches the high liquid level line, the inflation device starts, the rotary driver drives the rotating tray to rotate above the empty sample bottle, the lifting driver drives the injection needle and the exhaust needle to descend and insert them into the sample bottle, and the discharge piston begins to move downward under the gas pressure, pressing the eluent into the sampling tube and into the sample bottle.

[0070] Sample collection: When the liquid level drops to the low liquid level line, the inflation device is closed, the lifting drive moves in the reverse direction, and the injection needle and the exhaust needle are pulled out of the sample bottle to complete the sample collection.

[0071] Repeat operation: Repeat the above steps to achieve quantitative collection and time calibration of multiple eluent samples.

[0072] The above prior art fails to solve the technical problems described in the background technology.

[0073] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0075] The embodiment of the present invention provides a field soil leaching test device, comprising:

[0076] A vibration device 1 is arranged in a soil layer 3 adjacent to a leaching area 4 and is used to vibrate the leaching area 4. The vibration device 1 is specifically a vibration rod and can be connected to an external battery to vibrate the soil layer 3.

[0077] The flow collecting device 2 is inserted downward into the soil layer 3 along the outer edge of the leaching area 4, and is used to limit the leaching liquid from penetrating downward along the leaching area 4; the flow collecting device 2 is a cylindrical structure with upper and lower openings, and can be a round cylinder or a square cylinder. The specific shape is selected according to the range of the leaching area 4, and its lower end is inserted 10-20 cm below the ground surface, and its upper end is located above the ground surface. The main function of the flow collecting device 2 is to solve the problem of broken surface flow, and broken surface flow mainly occurs on the ground surface and in the soil layer 3 close to the ground surface. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower end of the flow collecting device 2 does not need to penetrate into the deepest part of the leaching area 4, and can be inserted a certain distance below the ground surface; in order to improve the efficiency of the flow collecting device 2 inserted into the soil, the lower end of the flow collecting device 2 is set to a pointed end, and the upper end of the flow collecting device 2 has a certain thickness, which can be used to hammer downward to apply force;

[0078] A spraying device is used to spray the leaching liquid to the leaching area 4. Since the leaching liquid may be acidic or other corrosive liquids, the overall pipeline of the spraying device should have sufficient anti-corrosion function or be sprayed with an anti-corrosion coating;

[0079] The collecting device is arranged in the leaching area 4 and is used for collecting the leaching liquid.

[0080] In this embodiment, the spray device includes:

[0081] The connecting tube 5, taking the current collecting device 2 as a cylinder as an example, the outer diameter of the connecting tube 5 is the same as the inner diameter of the current collecting device 2, the outer edge of the bottom of the connecting tube 5 is provided with a thread, and the inner edge of the upper opening of the current collecting device 2 is also provided with a thread, and the two can be threadedly connected;

[0082] A plurality of adjustment mechanisms are arranged in the connecting tube 5 along the circumferential direction;

[0083] The spray assembly has a plurality of spray heads 6, which are arranged on the adjustment mechanism and correspond to the leaching area 4. The adjustment mechanism can adjust the position of the spray head 6, and the adjustment range of the plurality of adjustment mechanisms arranged along the circumference is the same. If the leaching area 4 is square, the adjustment mechanism corresponding to the corners of the leaching area 4 should have a larger adjustment range to meet the requirement that the spray range can cover the leaching area 4.

[0084] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes:

[0085] The lead screw 7 is vertically arranged in the connecting tube 5 and is located on the central axis. A nut stopper is arranged at the bottom of the lead screw 7 to prevent the nut from being separated from the lead screw 7. A connecting rod 8 is fixedly arranged below the nut stopper. The length of the connecting rod 8 is the same as the inner diameter of the connecting tube 5. A plurality of mounting seats are evenly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction on the inner surface of the connecting tube 5. Both ends of the connecting rod 8 can be inserted into the mounting seats. The adjusting mechanism is connected to the inner surface of the connecting tube 5 through the connecting rod 8.

[0086] The adjusting block 9 is sleeved on the lead screw 7 and can move in the vertical direction. The upper and lower ends of the adjusting block 9 are both circular and connected by an arc surface. The circular surface size of the upper end of the adjusting block 9 is smaller, and the circular surface size of the lower end is larger;

[0087] An adjusting nut 10 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 7 and is disposed on the lower surface of the adjusting block 9;

[0088] A top seat 11 is connected to the lead screw 7, the connection is close to the upper end of the lead screw 7, and the top seat 11 is circular;

[0089] A plurality of first hinged rods 12 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the top seat 11, one end of the first hinged rod 12 is hinged to the top seat 11, and the other end extends downward, and the lower side surfaces of the plurality of first hinged rods 12 are connected to the adjustment block 9, and the contact is located on the above-mentioned arc surface;

[0090] A plurality of second hinged rods 13 are arranged corresponding to the plurality of first hinged rods 12 one by one, the second hinged rod 13 is hinged to the other end of the first hinged rod 12, a limiting assembly is arranged between the first hinged rod 12 and the second hinged rod 13, the limiting assembly is used to fix the first hinged rod 12 and the second hinged rod 13 and limit the second hinged rod 13 to be in a horizontal position; the spray assembly is arranged on the top seat 11 and / or the first hinged rod 12 and / or the second hinged rod 13;

[0091] The adjusting nut 10 can rotate and move up and down along the lead screw 7 , and the adjusting nut 10 can drive the adjusting block 9 to move up and down. When the adjusting block 9 moves up and down, the adjusting block 9 drives the first hinge rod 12 to rotate relative to the top seat 11 .

[0092] In this embodiment, the limiting assembly includes: a limiting rod 14, a first slot 15 is formed in the length direction of the first hinge rod 12, a second slot 16 is formed in the length direction of the second hinge rod 13, connecting threads are provided in the first slot 15 and the second slot 16, and both ends of the limiting rod 14 are respectively fixed in the first slot 15 and the second slot 16 by fastening bolts 17. Holes are opened at both ends of the limiting rod 14, and the fastening bolts 17 pass through the holes and are threadedly connected with the first slot 15 and the second slot 16, so that the two ends of the limiting rod 14 are fixed in the first slot 15 and the second slot 16, and at this time, the relative positions of the first hinge rod 12 and the second hinge rod 13 are fixed.

[0093] The first hinged rod 12 and the second hinged rod 13 can change the spray range, and the adjustment process is as follows:

[0094] Take reducing the spray range as an example. The adjusting nut 10 is rotated to move the adjusting nut 10 downward, and the adjusting block 9 moves downward together with the adjusting nut 10, and the fastening bolt 17 on the limit rod 14 is removed. The lower side of the first articulated rod 12 loses its supporting force and rotates in the direction of the limit block until it contacts the limit block again. At this time, the angle between the first articulated rod 12 and the lead screw 7 becomes smaller, and the lower end of the first articulated rod 12 is closer to the center of the leaching area 4.

[0095] The second hinged rod 13 is kept in a horizontal direction, so that all the spray heads 6 can spray the leaching liquid to the leaching area 4, and the areas sprayed by different spray heads 6 can be avoided to overlap as much as possible, so as to prevent excessive leaching liquid in some leaching areas 4. If the second hinged rod 13 is tilted, the areas sprayed by different spray heads 6 will overlap in a large area.

[0096] Adjust the limit rod 14 to a suitable angle, and re-fix its two ends in the first slot 15 and the second slot 16 by fastening bolts 17, so as to complete the adjustment of the spray range and the fixation of the first hinged rod 12 and the second hinged rod 13. At this time, all the spray heads 6 move toward the center of the leaching area 4, the spray range is reduced, and the second hinged rod 13 moves away from the connecting tube 5 (moves toward the center of the leaching area 4). In addition, the second hinged rod 13 will also move downward for a certain distance, but will not connect with the connecting rod 8, and the two will not interfere with each other. It should be noted that the connecting rod 8 is smaller than the spray range of all the spray heads 6 and will not affect the leaching effect.

[0097] In this embodiment, the spray assembly includes:

[0098] A buffer box 18 is disposed on the top seat 11 and is connected to the leachate delivery mechanism;

[0099] The liquid inlet hose 19 is connected to the cache box 18 at one end and to multiple spray heads 6 at the other end. The liquid inlet hose 19 is mounted on the top seat 11, the first hinged rod 12 and the second hinged rod 13 in sequence along the liquid inlet direction. Multiple spray heads 6 are arranged on the lower side of each second hinged rod 13. The spray heads 6 are tilted and their spraying direction is close to the middle of the leaching area 4. The tilted setting of the spray heads 6 can avoid the position near the middle of the leaching area 4 from not being sprayed.

[0100] In this embodiment, the leachate delivery mechanism includes:

[0101] A plurality of raw material cylinders 20 for storing leaching raw liquid;

[0102] The mixing cylinder 21 and the discharge ends of the plurality of raw material cylinders 20 are connected to the mixing cylinder 21 through the metering pump 22 , and the mixing cylinder 21 is connected to the buffer box 18 .

[0103] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a field soil leaching test method, which uses the above-mentioned field soil leaching test device and includes the following steps:

[0104] S1: A trench is excavated on one side of the leaching area 4. The trench should be sufficiently close to the leaching area 4, but there is a gap between the trench and the leaching area 4. Multiple installation holes are opened in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer 3. The multiple installation holes are arranged along the vertical direction of the soil layer 3 and are located on the left and right sides of the leaching area 4, and are generally divided into two rows on the left and right sides. A vibration device 1 is arranged in the installation hole, and the vibration device 1 is connected to a battery. The leaching area 4 is vibrated by the vibration device 1 to homogenize the pores of the soil layer 3 in the leaching area 4 and to evenly distribute the soil. The specific vibration time and vibration power can be determined according to the condition of the soil layer 3 in the leaching area 4;

[0105] S2: Divide the leaching area 4 into multiple leaching units along the vertical direction. The thickness of the leaching unit is 10 cm. In this embodiment, it is divided into 7 leaching units, and the leachate of the lower 5 leaching units is collected. A plurality of troughs are opened in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer 3. The plurality of troughs correspond to the plurality of leaching units one by one, and adjacent troughs do not overlap in the vertical direction; a liquid collecting tank 23 is arranged in the tank, and a liquid storage cylinder 25 is arranged in the trench. The liquid storage cylinder 25 is located below the liquid collecting tank 23. The liquid storage cylinder 25 and the liquid collecting tank 23 are connected through a liquid outlet hose 24. The liquid collecting tank 23, the liquid outlet hose 24 and the liquid storage cylinder 25 constitute a collecting device;

[0106] S3: inserting the lower end of the current collecting device 2 10-20 cm below the ground surface by hammering, with the upper end thereof being located above the ground surface;

[0107] S4: Determine the spray range of the spray head 6 according to the area of ​​the leaching area 4, rotate the adjustment nut 10 according to the spray range, adjust the position of the first hinge rod 12, and fix the two ends of the limit rod 14 in the first slot 15 and the second slot 16 respectively by fastening the bolt 17, so that the multiple spray heads 6 correspond to the leaching area 4;

[0108] S5: Thread the connecting tube 5 and the upper opening of the current collecting device 2, and insert the two ends of the connecting rod 8 into the mounting seats on the inner surface of the connecting tube 5;

[0109] S6: Connect the buffer box 18 on the top seat 11 with the mixing cylinder 21, start the metering pump 22, adjust the output flow of the metering pump 22 according to the preset ratio, and the leaching stock solution of multiple raw material cylinders 20 enters the mixing cylinder 21 to mix and form a leachate, which is transported to the buffer box 18 and sprayed from the spray head 6 to the surface of the leaching area 4 through the liquid inlet hose 19. The leachate penetrates downward to the soil layer 3 in the vertical direction, and forms a leachate after contacting the soil layer 3. The leachate is collected in multiple liquid collecting tanks 23 in turn, and collected in the liquid storage cylinder 25 through the liquid outlet hose 24. The migration law of the leachate in the leaching area 4 can be evaluated by analyzing and testing the leachate collected in the liquid storage cylinder 25.

[0110] In this embodiment, a pH sensor is arranged in the liquid storage cylinder 25. When the pH sensor senses that the eluate reaches a preset pH, the metering pump 22 is turned off.

[0111] After testing, it was found that the above experimental method can avoid the problems of broken surface flow and preferential flow, and the leaching liquid did not show the phenomenon of broken surface flow and preferential flow.

[0112] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0113] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Field soil leaching test device, characterized in that: include: A vibration device (1) is arranged in a soil layer (3) adjacent to a leaching area (4) and is used to vibrate the leaching area (4); A flow collecting device (2) is inserted downward into the soil layer (3) along the outer edge of the leaching area (4) to limit the leaching liquid from penetrating downward along the leaching area (4); A spraying device, used for spraying leaching liquid onto the leaching area (4); A collecting device is arranged in the leaching area (4) and is used for collecting the leaching liquid.

2. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current collecting device (2) is a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom, with its lower end inserted 10-20 cm below the ground surface and its upper end located above the ground surface.

3. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spraying device comprises: A connecting tube (5), the connecting tube (5) is adapted to the shape of the upper opening of the current collecting device (2) and is detachably connected thereto; A plurality of adjustment mechanisms are arranged in the connecting tube (5) along the circumferential direction; The spray assembly comprises a plurality of spray heads (6), wherein the plurality of spray heads (6) are arranged on the adjustment mechanism and correspond to the leaching area (4), and the adjustment mechanism is capable of adjusting the position of the spray heads (6).

4. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism comprises: A lead screw (7) is vertically arranged in the connecting tube (5), and the bottom of the lead screw (7) is connected to the inner surface of the connecting tube (5) through a connecting rod (8); An adjusting block (9) is sleeved on the lead screw (7) and is movable in a vertical direction; An adjusting nut (10) threadably connected to the lead screw (7) and arranged on the lower surface of the adjusting block (9); A top seat (11) connected to the lead screw (7), with the connection being close to the upper end of the lead screw (7); A plurality of first hinged rods (12) are arranged along the circumference of the top seat (11), one end of the first hinged rod (12) is hinged to the top seat (11), and the other end extends downward, and the lower side surfaces of the plurality of first hinged rods (12) are connected to the adjustment block (9); A plurality of second hinged rods (13) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first hinged rods (12); the second hinged rods (13) are hinged to the other end of the first hinged rod (12); a limit assembly is arranged between the first hinged rod (12) and the second hinged rod (13); the limit assembly is used to fix the first hinged rod (12) and the second hinged rod (13) and limit the second hinged rod (13) to a horizontal position; the spray assembly is arranged on the top seat (11) and / or the first hinged rod (12) and / or the second hinged rod (13); The adjusting nut (10) can rotate and move up and down along the lead screw (7), and the adjusting nut (10) can drive the adjusting block (9) to move up and down. When the adjusting block (9) moves up and down, the adjusting block (9) drives the first hinge rod (12) to rotate relative to the top seat (11).

5. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting component comprises: A limiting rod (14), the first hinge rod (12) is provided with a first slot (15) along the length direction, the second hinge rod (13) is provided with a second slot (16) along the length direction, the first slot (15) and the second slot (16) are both provided with connecting threads, and the two ends of the limiting rod (14) are respectively fixed in the first slot (15) and the second slot (16) by fastening bolts (17).

6. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spray assembly comprises: A buffer box (18) is arranged on the top seat (11) and is connected to the leaching liquid conveying mechanism; A liquid inlet hose (19) is connected to the buffer box (18) at one end and to a plurality of the spray heads (6) at the other end. The spray heads (6) are arranged on the lower side of the second hinged rod (13).

7. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spray head (6) is arranged at an angle, and its spraying direction is close to the middle of the leaching area (4).

8. The field soil leaching test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The leachate delivery mechanism comprises: A plurality of raw material cylinders (20) for storing leaching raw liquid; A mixing cylinder (21), the discharge ends of the plurality of raw material cylinders (20) are connected to the mixing cylinder (21) via a metering pump (22), and the mixing cylinder (21) is connected to the buffer box (18).

9. A field soil leaching test method, characterized in that: The field soil leaching test device according to claim 8 is used, comprising the following steps: S1: a trench is excavated on one side of the leaching area (4), a plurality of installation holes are opened in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer (3), the plurality of installation holes are arranged along the vertical direction of the soil layer (3) and are located on the left and right sides of the leaching area (4), a vibration device (1) is arranged in the installation holes, and the leaching area (4) is vibrated by the vibration device (1), so that the pores of the soil layer (3) in the leaching area (4) are homogenized and the soil is evenly distributed; S2: dividing the leaching area (4) into a plurality of leaching units along the vertical direction, opening a plurality of trough bodies in the trench along the horizontal direction of the soil layer (3), the plurality of trough bodies being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of leaching units, and adjacent trough bodies not overlapping in the vertical direction; arranging a liquid collecting trough (23) in the trough body, arranging a liquid storage cylinder (25) in the trench, the liquid storage cylinder (25) being located below the liquid collecting trough (23), connecting the liquid storage cylinder (25) and the liquid collecting trough (23) through a liquid outlet hose (24), and the liquid collecting trough (23), the liquid outlet hose (24) and the liquid storage cylinder (25) forming a collecting device; S3: inserting the lower end of the current collecting device (2) 10-20 cm below the ground surface by hammering, with the upper end thereof being located above the ground surface; S4: Determine the spray range of the spray head (6) according to the area of ​​the leaching area (4), rotate the adjustment nut (10) according to the spray range, adjust the position of the first hinge rod (12), and respectively fix the two ends of the limit rod (14) in the first clamping groove (15) and the second clamping groove (16) by tightening the bolt (17), so that the multiple spray heads (6) correspond to the leaching area (4); S5: Threading the connecting tube (5) to the upper opening of the current collecting device (2), and inserting the two ends of the connecting rod (8) into the mounting seats on the inner surface of the connecting tube (5); S6: connecting the buffer box (18) on the top seat (11) with the mixing cylinder (21), starting the metering pump (22), adjusting the output flow of the metering pump (22) according to a preset ratio, and the leaching stock solutions of the multiple raw material cylinders (20) enter the mixing cylinder (21) to mix and form a leaching liquid, which is transported to the buffer box (18) and sprayed from the spray head (6) to the surface of the leaching area (4) through the liquid inlet hose (19). The leaching liquid penetrates downward into the soil layer (3) in a vertical direction, and forms a leachate after contacting the soil layer (3). The leachate is collected in a plurality of liquid collecting tanks (23) in turn, and collected in a liquid storage cylinder (25) through a liquid outlet hose (24).

10. The field soil leaching test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: A pH sensor is arranged in the liquid storage cylinder (25), and when the pH sensor senses that the eluate has reached a preset pH, the metering pump (22) is turned off.

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