Potato and stem vibration detachment and separation mechanism of intelligent potato combine harvester

Abstract

This invention provides a vibratory desorption and separation mechanism for potato vines in an intelligent potato combine harvester. The mechanism is characterized by: a frame supported on the ground by ground wheels, with its front end connected to a tractor via a traction frame; tensioning mechanisms of the potato vine mixing and conveying device are hinged to both sides of the frame; the soil conveying drive shaft of the soil conveying assembly is supported on the frame; a reversing wheel and a reversing roller are mounted on a primary soil separation device, with a soil conveying screen suspended between them; the potato vine conveying drive shaft of the potato vine conveying assembly is supported on the frame, with a potato vine conveying screen suspended between it and the reversing roller; potato vine desorption devices I and II of the vibratory desorption device are respectively supported in the middle of the upright plate of the frame; a lever plate mounted on the mounting protrusion of the desorption plate faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; and potato vine desorption devices I and II are connected to the upright plate of the frame via adjusting components I and II, respectively. This invention offers high efficiency, good effect, and excellent quality in potato vine separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention provides a smart potato vine vibration desorption and separation mechanism for a potato combine harvester, belonging to the field of potato full-process mechanized equipment, and is mainly used for potato vine desorption and separation during the operation of a potato combine harvester. Background Technology

[0002] In potato combine harvesting operations, the separation structure of the potato vines is crucial to the efficiency of the machinery and the quality of the harvest. Research has found that when the mixture of potatoes, soil, vines, and weeds reaches the end of the separator in a potato combine harvester, some tubers remain attached to the vines. Without appropriate vine separation measures or harvesting techniques, some tubers that are stuck to and entangled with the vines will be discharged from the harvester along with the clusters of vines, long vines, and weeds, increasing potato loss and severely impacting the economic benefits for potato farmers.

[0003] The effectiveness of potato vine separation and desorption is crucial to the efficiency of machine operation and the quality of harvest. Currently, potato vine separation often employs a vine-pulling roller structure. During rotation, the roller clamps the potato vines and weeds, extracting them from the potato clump, thus achieving separation. However, this method is inefficient in fields with abundant vines and weeds, and it easily leads to collision and crush damage to potatoes, affecting harvest quality. Because potato vines have a certain degree of toughness and strength during harvest, vines can become entangled in the vines, and clustered vines can clog the separation and impurity removal components, severely impacting machine performance. Excessive impurity content necessitates secondary cleaning before storage, reducing production efficiency, significantly increasing impurity removal costs, and increasing the rate of damaged potatoes.

[0004] Looking at the current state of the potato mechanized harvesting equipment industry, there is an urgent need for an intelligent potato combine harvester vine vibration desorption separation mechanism that offers good, quick, and convenient vine separation, while also reducing and preventing potato damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a potato vine vibration desorption separation mechanism for an intelligent potato combine harvester that uses vibration desorption to separate potato vines, resulting in high efficiency, good effect, and excellent harvest quality.

[0006] The technical solution includes a frame, a protective cover, a potato vine mixing and conveying device, and a potato vine vibration and desorption device. The frame is supported on the ground by ground wheels and connected to the tractor via a traction frame at its front end facing the direction of travel of the potato combine harvester. Vertical plates extend upwards on both sides parallel to the direction of travel of the potato combine harvester. A protective cover is located at the rear, away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester. The potato vine mixing and conveying device includes a tensioning mechanism, a soil conveying assembly, and a vine conveying assembly. The tensioning mechanism includes a tensioning assembly, a tensioning plate, a tensioning wheel, a rubber wheel, and a tension spring. The tensioning assembly includes a tensioning crossbar, tensioning arms, a tensioning wheel, and a tensioning rocker arm. One tensioning arm is fixed to each end of the tensioning crossbar, and the two tensioning arms are located in the same plane. Each end of the tensioning arm is hinged with a tensioning wheel; each end of the tensioning crossbar is fixed with a tensioning rocker arm near the tensioning arm, and the two tensioning rocker arms are located in the same plane. The ends of the two tensioning assemblies are hinged to the upper middle of the vertical plates extending upwards on the left and right sides of the frame; one end of the tensioning plate is hinged with a tensioning wheel, and the other end is hinged with a rubber wheel. Two other rubber wheels are hinged between the tensioning wheel and the rubber wheel, and all rubber wheels and tensioning wheels are located on the same side of the tensioning plate surface; the middle parts of the two tensioning plates are respectively hinged to the upper middle of the vertical plates extending upwards on the left and right sides of the frame, with the rubber wheels and tensioning wheels facing inwards, and the hinge point of the tensioning plate on the frame vertical plate is located in front of the hinge point of the tensioning assembly in the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; one end of each of the two tensioning springs is hooked onto the tensioning... One end of the plate is hinged to the tensioning wheel. Two tension springs are respectively attached to the ends of the two tensioning rocker arms of the tensioning assembly. The tensioning wheel, hinged to the end of the tensioning arm, is located on the side away from the tensioning plate. The potato soil conveying assembly includes a potato soil conveying drive wheel, a potato soil conveying drive shaft, a potato soil conveying drive, a reversing wheel, a rubber tire, a tensioning wheel, and a potato soil conveying screen. Three potato soil conveying drive wheels are installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft. The two ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft are respectively supported above the upward-extending vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame, and the hinge points relative to the tensioning assembly are located behind the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. One end of the potato soil conveying drive shaft extends through the vertical plate of the frame and connects to the potato soil conveying drive. The three reversing wheels are respectively installed on the potato combine harvester... The rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the harvester; multiple rubber wheels are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame, and all rubber wheels are located between the reversing wheel and the potato soil conveying drive shaft; multiple tensioning wheels are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame, and all tensioning wheels are located between the reversing wheel and the potato soil conveying drive shaft; the potato soil conveying screen includes potato soil bars, potato soil side strips, potato-blocking fingers and potato soil center strips; the two ends of the multiple potato soil bars are respectively fixed on two annular potato soil side strips; the multiple potato soil bars are parallel to each other, and the distance between adjacent potato soil bars is equal; potato-blocking fingers extend from the outer side of the two potato soil side strips corresponding to each potato soil bar; the potato-blocking fingers located on the potato soil bars are respectively located in the same plane and all face the outer side of the annular potato soil side strips;A ring-shaped soil strip is fixed in the middle of each soil bar. The soil conveying screen is suspended on three soil conveying drive wheels and three reversing wheels installed at the rear of the primary soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the soil conveying screen is supported by multiple rubber wheels, and the lower section is tensioned by multiple tensioning wheels. The potato vine conveying assembly includes a potato vine conveying drive wheel, a potato vine conveying drive shaft, a potato vine conveying drive, a reversing roller, rubber wheels, tensioning wheels, a potato vine conveying screen, a screen pressing assembly, a guide plate, and a vine-pulling plate. The three potato vine conveying drive wheels are installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft. The two ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upwards on the left and right sides of the frame and are located at the rear of the potato combine harvester in the forward direction. One end of the drive shaft extends through the vertical plate of the frame and is connected to the potato vine conveying drive. The reversing roller is installed at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, and the reversing roller is located in front of the reversing wheel of the potato soil conveying assembly, close to the traction frame. Multiple rubber wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame, and the rubber wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are located above the rubber wheels of the potato soil conveying assembly. Two tensioning wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame, and the tensioning wheels of the potato vine conveying assembly are located below the tensioning wheels of the potato soil conveying assembly. The annular potato vine conveying screen has three drive belts along the width of the potato vine conveying screen, and the annular outer surface of the drive belt is along the annular segment length of the potato vine conveying screen. The vine conveyor screen has several vibrating protrusions evenly distributed along its length. The inner annular surface of the vine conveyor screen has several baffles evenly distributed along its length, with the spacing between adjacent baffles greater than the spacing between the soil strips of the soil conveyor screen. The outer annular surface of the vine conveyor screen has several vine-hanging protrusions corresponding to each baffle. The vine conveyor screen is hung on three vine conveyor drive wheels mounted on the vine conveyor drive shaft and on a reversing roller mounted at the rear end of the primary soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the vine conveyor screen is supported by multiple rubber wheels of the vine conveyor assembly, and the lower section is supported by two tensioning wheels of the vine conveyor assembly. The screen pressing assembly includes screen pressing wheels, screen pressing rods, and scrapers. The screen pressing rods, which are equipped with three screen pressing wheels, are supported at both ends... Below the rear end of the vertical plates extending upwards on both sides of the frame, and with the screen pressing rod located away from the protective cover relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft of the potato vine conveying assembly, each screen pressing wheel is equipped with a scraper; above the screen pressing assembly, near the potato vine conveying drive shaft, there is a guide plate, and the surface of the guide plate is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft. The guide plate is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge facing backward away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge facing forward in the forward direction; at the upper edge of the guide plate, there is a vine-pulling plate, and the surface of the vine-pulling plate is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft. The vine-pulling plate is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge facing forward in the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge facing backward away from the forward direction, and the lower edge of the vine-pulling plate is pressed against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen;The potato vine vibration desorption device includes a potato vine desorption device I, a potato vine desorption device II, an adjustment assembly I, an adjustment assembly II, and a vibration roller. The potato vine desorption device I includes a desorption rod, a desorption rocker arm I, a desorption middle plate, a desorption end plate, a desorption support arm, a lever plate, a torsion spring, a desorption shaft, and a desorption tension spring. One end of the desorption rod is fitted with the desorption rocker arm I. The triangular desorption middle plate has a support protrusion I extending from one corner perpendicular to the plate surface, and an installation protrusion extending from the other corner. The desorption middle plate is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod by the corner with the installation protrusion. One corner of the triangular desorption end plate has a support protrusion II extending from one side perpendicular to the plate surface. The two desorption end plates are fixed to the desorption rod by the corners without the support protrusion II extending from the other corner. At both ends of the rod, the support protrusions II of the two desorption end plates and the support protrusion I of the desorption middle plate face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of each of the two desorption arms is hinged to both sides of the desorption middle plate near the desorption rod, and the two desorption arms are supported on the support protrusions I extending to both sides of the desorption middle plate; another two desorption arms are hinged to the inner side of the two desorption end plates near the desorption rod, and the two desorption arms are supported on the support protrusions II extending from the two desorption end plates; one end of one lever is installed on the mounting protrusion of the desorption middle plate and is secured by a torsion spring; one end of multiple levers is evenly installed on the desorption shaft and secured by torsion springs; one desorption shaft equipped with multiple levers is fixed at both ends to the two desorption arms that are respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate and the desorption end plate. On the upper part, two desorption arms have a desorption spring attached to their ends away from the hinge point. The other ends of the two desorption springs are attached to the corners of the desorption middle plate and the desorption end plate away from the desorption rod and not extending beyond support protrusions I and II, respectively. Another desorption shaft equipped with multiple deflectors is fixed at both ends to two other desorption arms that are hinged to the desorption middle plate and another desorption end plate, respectively. A desorption spring is attached to the end of each of the two desorption arms, and the other ends of the two desorption springs are attached to the corners of the desorption middle plate and the desorption end plate, respectively. The desorption rod of a potato vine desorption device I is supported at both ends by the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame. A deflector mounted on the mounting protrusion of the desorption middle plate faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, with the end of the deflector away from the torsion spring facing downward. The end of the deflector plate is lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusion on the upper section of the drive belt of the potato seedling conveying screen of the potato seedling conveying assembly of the potato seedling mixing and conveying device; the potato seedling desorption device II includes a desorption rod, a desorption rocker arm II, a desorption middle plate, a desorption end plate, a desorption support arm, a deflector plate, a torsion spring, a desorption shaft, and a desorption tension spring. The desorption rocker arm II is installed at one end of the desorption rod of the potato seedling desorption device II. The middle of the desorption rod of the potato seedling desorption device II is fixed with a desorption middle plate, and the two ends are fixed with desorption end plates. The support protrusions II of the two desorption end plates and the support protrusions I of the desorption middle plate face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of each of the two desorption support arms of the potato seedling desorption device II is hinged to the two sides of the desorption middle plate near the desorption rod, and the two desorption support arms are respectively supported on the support protrusions I of the desorption middle plate.Two additional desorption arms are hinged at one end to the inner side of the two desorption end plates of the potato vine desorption device II, near the desorption rod. These two desorption arms are supported on the support protrusions II of the desorption end plates. One end of a lever from the potato vine desorption device II is mounted on the mounting protrusion of the desorption middle plate of the potato vine desorption device II and secured by a torsion spring. Multiple levers are evenly mounted at one end on the desorption shaft and secured by torsion springs. The two desorption shafts of the potato vine desorption device II, each equipped with multiple levers, are fixed at both ends to the two desorption arms hinged to the desorption middle plate and the desorption end plate, respectively. Two desorption tension springs have one end hanging on the desorption arms and the other end hanging on the desorption middle plate and the desorption end plate, respectively. The four desorption rods of the potato vine desorption device II are supported at both ends... Supported by the rear ends of the upright plates extending upwards on both sides of the frame, the deflector plates mounted on the mounting protrusions of the desorption plate face the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the planes where the ends of the deflector plates of potato vine desorption device I and potato vine desorption device II are located are parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying assembly of the potato vine mixing and conveying device; Adjustment assembly I includes adjustment arm I and adjustment rod, wherein one end of adjustment arm I is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm I of potato vine desorption device I, and the other end is mounted on the upright plate of the frame through the adjustment rod; Adjustment assembly II includes adjustment rod I, adjustment rod II, adjustment arm II and adjustment rod, wherein one end of adjustment rod I is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of potato vine desorption device II, which is closest to potato vine desorption device I. One end of the adjusting rod II is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the third potato vine desorption device II (from closest to farthest from potato vine desorption device I). The other ends of the adjusting rod I and the desorption rocker arm II are mounted on the upright plate of the frame via the adjusting rod of the adjusting assembly II. One end of the adjusting arm II is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the potato vine desorption device II closest to potato vine desorption device I, and the other end is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the second potato vine desorption device II (from closest to farthest from potato vine desorption device I). Another adjusting arm II is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the third potato vine desorption device II (from closest to farthest from potato vine desorption device I), and the other end is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II of the potato vine desorption device II farthest from potato vine desorption device I. One vibrating roller is supported at both ends by the middle of the vertical plates extending upwards on both sides of the frame, and is located below the end of the paddle of the potato vine desorption device I, on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The vibrating roller is lower than the upper section of the drive belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine mixing and conveying device, and higher than the lower edge of the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen. Four other vibrating rollers are supported at both ends by the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upwards on both sides of the frame, and each vibrating roller is located below the end of the paddle of the four potato vine desorption devices II, on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The four vibrating rollers and the one vibrating roller located below the end of the paddle of the potato vine desorption device I are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen.

[0007] Compared with the existing state of the art, this invention features a potato vine vibration desorption device. When potato vines, along with a small amount of potatoes and weeds, are suspended on the potato vine conveying screen and move backward to below the potato vine desorption devices I and II of the potato vine vibration desorption device, the vibration protrusion on the upper section of the drive belt of the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine mixing conveying device pushes the end of the dial plate mounted on the desorption plate backward. This twists the torsion spring on the dial plate, causing the desorption shaft and the dial plate mounted on the desorption shaft to swing. After the vibration protrusion passes the end of the dial plate, the torsion spring force is released, and the dial plate instantly returns to its original position under the action of the torsion spring force, thereby generating a vibration force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines. Therefore, the desorption efficiency is high. Because of the potato vine vibration desorption... The device has a vibrating roller below the end of each deflector plate mounted on the desorption shaft. During the backward movement of the upper section of the potato vine conveyor screen, when the baffle of the upper section touches the vibrating roller, it forces a localized "wavy" bend in the upper section of the screen, which is holding the potato vines. This restricts the movement of the potato chunks, vines, and weeds hanging on the upper section of the screen, thus facilitating the deflector plate to remove the potato chunks hanging on the vines. When the baffle passes the vibrating roller, the resistance experienced by the upper section of the potato vine conveyor screen and the baffle is instantly released, generating a secondary vibration force to remove the potatoes hanging on the vines, further improving the desorption effect of the deflector plate. Because the potato vine vibration desorption device is equipped with adjustment components I and II, it can be adjusted for different potato types. The length of the adjusting arm I of the corresponding adjusting components I and II can be selected according to the variety and different soil environments to adjust the tilt angle of each baffle, thus providing good adaptability. Because the potato vine conveying screen of the potato vine conveying component is fitted outside the potato soil conveying screen of the potato soil conveying component, the operating speed of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than that of the potato soil conveying screen, and the distance between adjacent baffles of the potato vine conveying screen is greater than the distance between adjacent bars of the potato soil conveying screen. As the potato vine and potato soil conveying screens move backward, the potato vines and weeds are gradually extracted from the mixture due to the pulling action of the potato vine conveying screen, resulting in good separation of potato soil and vines. Because the potato soil conveying screen of the potato vine mixing conveying device... The outer side of the potato vine conveyor belt has potato-blocking fingers extending from each potato vine bar, effectively preventing damage to the potato tubers from friction with the side uprights of the frame, thus improving the harvest quality of the potato tubers. Because the section of the potato vine conveyor belt from the vine conveyor assembly downwards forms a wedge-shaped channel between the vine conveyor belt and the protective cover, narrowing at the top and widening at the bottom, blockage during the vine and weed fall is completely eliminated. After the harvested potatoes, along with torn or broken vines and weeds, pass through the vine conveyor belt, they are guided by the guide plate below and fall onto the subsequent vine separation and conveying device, effectively preventing the rebound of potatoes, vines, and weeds. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Axonometric view of the potato vine mixing and conveying device of the embodiment shown;

[0010] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 Axonometric view of the tensioning mechanism in the embodiment shown;

[0011] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 Axonometric view of the tensioning assembly in the embodiment shown;

[0012] Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 2 The isometric view of the potato soil conveying assembly shown in the embodiment;

[0013] Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 5 The isometric view of the potato soil conveying screen shown in the embodiment;

[0014] Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 2 The isometric view of the potato vine conveying assembly in the embodiment shown;

[0015] Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 The illustrated embodiment shows an isometric view of the potato vine conveying screen.

[0016] Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 7 The isometric view of the screen pressing assembly in the embodiment shown;

[0017] Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 1 The diagram shows an isometric view of the potato vine vibration desorption device in the embodiment shown.

[0018] Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 10 The isometric view of the potato vine desorption device I in the illustrated embodiment;

[0019] Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 11 Axonometric view of the desorbed plate in the embodiment shown;

[0020] Figure 13 This is the present invention. Figure 11 Axonometric view of the desorption end plate in the embodiment shown;

[0021] Figure 14 This is the present invention. Figure 10 The isometric view of the potato vine desorption device II in the embodiment shown;

[0022] Figure 15 This is the present invention. Figure 10The isometric view of component I in the illustrated embodiment;

[0023] Figure 16 This is the present invention. Figure 10 The isometric view of the adjustment component II in the illustrated embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0024] 1. Frame 2. Protective cover 3. Potato vine mixing and conveying device 31. Tensioning mechanism 311. Tensioning assembly 3111. Tensioning crossbar 3112. Tensioning support arm 3113. Tensioning rocker arm 312. Tensioning plate 313. Tensioning wheel 314. Rubber wheel 315. Tensioning spring 32. Potato soil conveying assembly 321. Potato soil conveying drive wheel 322. Potato soil conveying drive shaft 323. Potato soil conveying drive 324. Reversing wheel 325. Potato soil conveying screen 3251. Potato soil bar 3252. Potato soil side belt 3253. Potato-blocking finger 3254. 33. Potato vine conveying assembly 331. Potato vine conveying drive wheel 332. Potato vine conveying drive shaft 333. Potato vine conveying drive 334. Reversing roller 335. Potato vine conveying screen 3351. Drive belt 3352. Vibration protrusion 3353. Baffle 3354. Seedling hanging protrusion 336. Screen pressing assembly 3361. Screen pressing wheel 3362. Screen pressing rod 3363. Scraper 337. Guide plate 338. Seedling pulling plate 4. Potato vine vibration desorption device 41. Potato vine desorption device I 411. Desorption rod 412. Desorption adjusting arm I 413. Desorption plate 4131. Support protrusion I 4132. Mounting protrusion 414. Desorption end plate 4141. Support protrusion II 415. Desorption support arm 416. Paddle plate 417. Torsion spring 418. Desorption shaft 419. Desorption tension spring 42. Potato vine desorption device II 421. Desorption rocker arm II 43. Adjustment assembly I 431. Adjustment arm I 432. Adjustment rod 44. Adjustment assembly II 441. Adjustment pull rod I 442. Adjustment pull rod II 443. Adjustment arm II 45. Vibration roller.

[0025] exist Figures 1-16In the embodiment shown: the frame 1 is supported on the ground by ground wheels, and is connected to the tractor by a traction frame at the front end of the potato combine harvester in the direction of travel. Vertical plates extend upward on the left and right sides parallel to the direction of travel of the potato combine harvester, and a protective cover 2 is provided at the rear away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester. The tensioning mechanism 31 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3 has a tensioning crossbar 3111 with one tensioning arm 3112 fixed at each end, and the two tensioning arms 3112 are located in the same plane. Each end of the two tensioning arms 3112 is hinged to a tensioning wheel 313. A tensioning rocker arm 3113 is fixed at each end of the tensioning crossbar 3111 near the tensioning arms 3112, and the two tensioning rocker arms 3113 are located in the same plane. The ends of the two tensioning components 311 are hinged to the upper middle part of the vertical plates extending upwards on the left and right sides of the frame 1. One end of the tensioning plate 312 is hinged to a tensioning wheel 313, and the other end is hinged to a rubber wheel 314. Two other rubber wheels 314 are hinged between the tensioning wheel 313 and the rubber wheel 314. Each rubber wheel 314 and tension wheel 313 is located on the same side of the tension plate 312. The middle parts of the two tension plates 312 are respectively hinged to the upper middle part of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1. The rubber wheels 314 and tension wheels 313 are both facing inward, and the hinge point of the tension plate 312 on the vertical plate of the frame 1 is located in front of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester relative to the hinge point of the tensioning assembly 311. One end of each of the two tension springs 315 is respectively hooked to the end of the tension plate 312 that is hinged to the tension wheel 313. One end of each of the two tension springs 315 is respectively hooked to the end of the two tensioning rocker arms 3113 of the tensioning assembly 311, and the tension wheel 313 hinged to the end of the tensioning arm 3112 is located on the side away from the tension plate 312. The three potato soil conveying drive wheels 321 of the potato soil conveying assembly 32 are installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft 322. The two ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft 322 are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and the hinge point relative to the tensioning assembly 311 is located behind the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. One end of the potato soil conveying drive shaft 322 passes through the vertical plate of the frame 1 and the extended end is connected to the potato soil conveying drive 323. The three reversing wheels 324 are respectively installed at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. Multiple rubber wheels 314 are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame 1, and all rubber wheels 314 are located between the reversing wheels 324 and the potato soil conveying drive shaft 322. The four tensioning wheels 313 are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame 1, and all tensioning wheels 313 are located between the reversing wheels 324 and the potato soil conveying drive shaft 322.The potato soil conveying screen 325 has multiple potato soil bars 3251 fixed at both ends to two annular potato soil side strips 3252. The multiple potato soil bars 3251 are parallel to each other, and the distance between adjacent potato soil bars 3251 is equal. On the outer side of the two potato soil side strips 3252, corresponding to each potato soil bar 3251, there are potato-blocking fingers 3253 to prevent damage to the potato tubers from friction with the two side uprights of the frame 1. The potato-blocking fingers 3253 located on the potato soil bars 3251 are all located in the same plane and all face the annular shape. The outer side of the potato soil edge strip 3252; the annular potato soil middle strip 3254 is fixed in the middle of each potato soil bar 3251; the potato soil conveying screen 325 is hung on 3 potato soil conveying drive wheels 321 and 3 reversing wheels 324 installed at the rear end of the first-stage potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester; the upper section of the potato soil conveying screen 325 is supported on multiple rubber wheels 314; the lower section of the potato soil conveying screen 325 is tensioned by 4 tensioning wheels 313; in addition, the tensioning mechanism 31 also dynamically tensions the potato soil conveying screen 325 through the tensioning mechanism 31 tension spring 315.The three potato vine conveying drive wheels 331 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 are installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332. The two ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332 are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upwards on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and are located at the rear of the potato combine harvester in the forward direction. One end of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332 passes through the vertical plate of the frame 1 and the extended end is connected to the potato vine conveying drive 333. The reversing roller 334 is installed at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, and the reversing roller 334 is located in front of the reversing wheel 324 of the potato soil conveying assembly 32, close to the traction frame. The multiple rubber wheels 314 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the vertical plates on the left and right sides of the frame 1, and the potato vine conveying assembly 33... The rubber wheel 314 is located above the rubber wheel 314 of the potato soil conveying assembly 32; the two tension wheels 313 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right side uprights of the frame 1, and the tension wheel 313 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 is located below the tension wheel 313 of the potato soil conveying assembly 32; the annular potato vine conveying screen 335 is provided with three drive belts 3351 along the width direction of the potato vine conveying screen 335, and the annular outer surface of the drive belts 3351 is uniformly provided with a number of excitation protrusions 3352 along the length direction of the annular segment line of the potato vine conveying screen 335; the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen 335 is uniformly provided with a number of baffles 3353 along the length direction of the annular segment line of the potato vine conveying screen 335, and the space between adjacent baffles 3353 is... The spacing between the soil-carrying rods 3251 of the soil-carrying screen 325 is greater than that between the soil-carrying screen 325. The annular outer surface of the vine-carrying screen 335 is provided with several vine-hanging protrusions 3354 corresponding to each baffle 3353. The vine-carrying screen 335 is hung on three vine-carrying drive wheels 331 installed on the vine-carrying drive shaft 332 and on the reversing roller 334 installed at the rear end of the primary soil-separating device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the vine-carrying screen 335 is supported on multiple rubber wheels 314 of the vine-carrying assembly 33, and the lower section of the vine-carrying screen 335 is supported on two tensioning wheels 313 of the vine-carrying assembly 33. The screen-pressing assembly 336 is equipped with three screen-pressing wheels 3361. The two ends of the screen-pressing rods 3362 are respectively supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame 1. Below, the pressure roller 3361 restricts the swing of the loose section of the potato vine conveying screen 335, while also creating a longer overhanging section at the rear of the potato vine conveying screen 335 as it moves away from the potato combine harvester, near the protective cover 2, to facilitate the detachment of potato vines hanging on the potato vine conveying screen 335; the pressure rod 3362 is located on the side away from the protective cover 2 relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33, so the channel for potato vines and weeds formed between the overhanging section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 and the protective cover 2 is wedge-shaped, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, to avoid blockage during the fall of potato vines and weeds; each pressure roller 3361 is equipped with a scraper 3363 to scrape off soil and other debris adhering to the pressure roller 3361.A guide plate 337 is provided above the screen assembly 336 near the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332. The surface of the guide plate 337 is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332. The guide plate 337 is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge forward in the forward direction, so as to guide the harvested potato tubers and small potato vine fragments to fall onto the potato vine separating and conveying device arranged below. A vine-pulling plate 338 is provided at the upper edge of the guide plate 337. The surface of the vine-pulling plate 338 is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft 332. The vine-pulling plate 338 is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge forward in the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge away from the forward direction. The lower edge of the vine-pulling plate 338 is pressed against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen 335, so as to pull off the longer potato vines hanging on the potato vine conveying screen 335. The potato vine desorption device 4 has a desorption rod 411 with a desorption rocker arm 412 at one end. A triangular desorption middle plate 413 has a supporting protrusion 4131 extending from one corner perpendicular to the plate surface, and an installation protrusion 4132 extending from the other corner. The middle plate 413 is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod 411 by the corner with the installation protrusion 4132. A triangular desorption end plate 414 has a supporting protrusion 4141 extending from one corner perpendicular to the plate surface. The two desorption end plates 414 are fixed to the desorption rod 411 by the corners without the supporting protrusion 4141 extending from the other corner. At both ends of rod 411, the support protrusions II 4141 of the two desorption end plates 414 and the support protrusion I 4131 of the desorption middle plate 413 face the same direction and are located in the same plane; one end of the two desorption arms 415 are respectively hinged to both sides of the desorption middle plate 413 near the desorption rod 411, and the two desorption arms 415 are respectively supported on the support protrusions I 4131 extending to both sides of the desorption middle plate 413; another two desorption arms 415 are respectively hinged to the inner side of the two desorption end plates 414 near the desorption rod 411, and the two desorption arms 415 are respectively supported on the support protrusions II 4141 extending from the two desorption end plates 414.One end of a lever 416 is mounted on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption middle plate 413 and secured by a torsion spring 417. Seven levers 416 are evenly mounted on the desorption shaft 418 and secured by torsion springs 417. The two ends of a desorption shaft 418, equipped with seven levers 416, are fixed to two desorption arms 415, respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414. Each of the two desorption arms 415 has a desorption tension spring 419 attached to its end away from the hinge point. The other ends of the two desorption tension springs 419 are respectively attached to the corners of the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414 away from the desorption rod 411 and not extending beyond the support protrusions I 4131 and II 4141. Another desorption shaft 418 equipped with seven levers 416 is fixed to the two ends of the shaft 418, respectively hinged to the hinge... Two additional desorption arms 415 are attached to the desorption middle plate 413 and another desorption end plate 414. Each of the two desorption arms 415 has a desorption spring 419 hanging at its end. The other ends of the two desorption springs 419 are respectively hung on the corners of the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414. The two ends of the desorption rod 411 of the potato vine desorption device I 41 are respectively supported on the middle of the upright plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1. A deflector plate 416 installed on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption middle plate 413 faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The end of the deflector plate 416 away from the torsion spring 417 is downward, and the end of the deflector plate 416 is lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusion 3352 of the upper section of the drive belt 3351 of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3. Therefore, as the upper section of the potato vine conveyor screen 335 moves backward in the direction away from the potato combine harvester, the excitation protrusion 3352 on the upper section of the drive belt 3351 continuously pushes the end of the lever plate 416 mounted on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption plate 413 backward. This, in turn, twists the torsion spring 417 on the lever plate 416, which then drives the desorption shaft 418 and its lever plate 416 to rotate through the desorption plate 413 and the desorption support arm 415. The desorption rod 411 swings; when the top surface of the excitation protrusion 3352 on the upper section of the drive belt 3351 of the potato vine conveyor 335 passes the end of the deflector plate 416, the elastic force of the torsion spring 417 is released, and the deflector plate 416 quickly returns to its original position under the elastic force of the torsion spring 417. Consequently, the desorption plate 413, the desorption support arm 415, the desorption shaft 418, and the deflector plate 416 also quickly return to their original positions, thereby generating an excitation force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines.The desorption rocker arm II 421 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 is installed at one end of the desorption rod 411 of the potato vine desorption device II 42. A desorption middle plate 413 is fixed in the middle of the desorption rod 411 of the potato vine desorption device II 42, and desorption end plates 414 are fixed at both ends. The support protrusions II 4141 of the two desorption end plates 414 and the support protrusions I 4131 of the desorption middle plate 413 face the same direction and are located in the same plane; the two pieces of the potato vine desorption device II 42... One end of each desorption arm 415 is hinged to both sides of the desorption middle plate 413 near the desorption rod 411, and the two desorption arms 415 are respectively supported on the support protrusion I 4131 of the desorption middle plate 413; another two desorption arms 415 are hinged to one end of each of the two desorption end plates 414 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 near the desorption rod 411, and the two desorption arms 415 are respectively supported on the support protrusion II 4141 of the desorption end plate 414. One end of a paddle plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 is mounted on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption middle plate 413 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 and is secured by a torsion spring 417. One end of each of the seven paddle plates 416 is evenly mounted on the desorption shaft 418 and secured by a torsion spring 417. The two desorption shafts 418 of the potato vine desorption device II 42, each equipped with seven paddle plates 416, are fixed at both ends to two desorption support arms 415 that are respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414. One end of each of the two desorption tension springs 419 is hung on the desorption support arm 415, and the other end is hung on the desorption middle plate 413 and the desorption end plate 414, respectively. The two ends of the desorption rods 411 of the four potato vine desorption devices II 42 are respectively supported on the rear ends of the upright plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1. The push plate 416 installed on the mounting protrusion 4132 of the desorption middle plate 413 faces the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the plane where the end of the push plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device I 41 and the end of the push plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 are located is parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine conveying assembly 33 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3. Therefore, the push plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device II 42 will also generate a vibration force to remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines. One end of the adjusting arm I431 of the adjusting component I43 is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm I412 of the potato vine desorption device I41, and the other end is mounted on the upright plate of the frame 1 through the adjusting rod 432. Therefore, changing the length of the adjusting rod 432 can drive each of the paddles 416 on the potato vine desorption device I41 to swing around the axis of the desorption rod 411 of the potato vine desorption device I41, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the paddle 416.One end of the adjusting rod I441 of the adjusting assembly II44 is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II421 of the potato vine desorption device II42 closest to the potato vine desorption device I41. One end of the adjusting rod II442 is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II421 of the third potato vine desorption device II42 from the nearest to the potato vine desorption device I41. The other ends of the adjusting rods I441 and II442 are mounted on the upright plate of the frame 1 via the adjusting rod 432 of the adjusting assembly II44. One end of the adjusting arm II443 is hinged to the end of the potato vine desorption device II42. The vine desorption device I 41 has one end hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II 421 of the nearest vine desorption device II 42, and the other end hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II 421 of the second vine desorption device II 42 from the nearest to the first vine desorption device I 41. Another adjusting arm II 443 has one end hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II 421 of the third vine desorption device II 42 from the nearest to the first vine desorption device I 41, and the other end hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II 421 of the vine desorption device II 42 furthest from the first vine desorption device I 41. Therefore, by changing the length of the adjusting rod 432, the adjusting rod I 441, adjusting rod II 442, and adjusting arm II 443 can cause the levers 416 on each vine desorption device II 42 to swing around the axis of the desorption rod 411 of each vine desorption device II 42, thereby changing the tilt angle of the levers 416. One vibrating roller 45 is supported at both ends on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1. The vibrating roller 45 is located below the end of the paddle plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device I 41 on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The vibrating roller 45 is lower than the upper section of the drive belt 3351 of the potato vine conveying screen 335 of the potato vine mixing and conveying device 3, and higher than the lower edge of the baffle 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335. There are also four vibrating rollers 45 supported at both ends on the rear end of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame 1. Each vibrating roller 45 is located below the end of the paddle plate 416 of the four potato vine desorption devices II 42 on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. The four vibrating rollers 45 and the one vibrating roller 45 located below the end of the paddle plate 416 of the potato vine desorption device I 41 are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen 335. Therefore, as the upper section of the potato vine conveyor 335 moves backward in the direction away from the potato combine harvester, when the baffle 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveyor 335 contacts the vibrating roller 45, it will force the upper section of the potato vine conveyor 335 to form a "wavy" bend, which will help the upper plate 416 to remove the potato pieces hanging on the potato vines. When the baffle 3353 of the upper section of the potato vine conveyor 335 passes the vibrating roller 45, the resistance of the upper section of the potato vine conveyor 335 and the baffle 3353 is released, thereby generating a vibration force to further remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines.

[0026] Its working principle is as follows: The potato vine vibration desorption and separation mechanism of the intelligent potato combine harvester is installed behind the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester through the frame and supported on the ground by the ground wheel; start the potato soil conveying drive and the potato vine conveying drive.

[0027] During harvesting, the mixture of potatoes, soil, stones, vines, and other debris excavated by the potato harvester's digging shovel is initially separated by the primary potato-soil separator at the front of the harvester and falls onto the front of the potato vine conveying assembly's potato vine conveying screen and the potato soil conveying assembly's potato soil conveying screen, which are positioned in the direction of the harvester's movement. The mixture then follows the upper sections of these two screens, moving backward and upward. Because the potato vine conveying drive shaft of the potato vine conveying assembly is supported at the rear of the frame, and the reversing roller is located in front of the reversing wheel of the potato soil conveying assembly (meaning the potato vine conveying screen is fitted outside the potato soil conveying screen), the potato vine conveying screen's operating speed is greater than that of the potato soil conveying screen, and the distance between adjacent baffles on the potato vine conveying screen is greater than the distance between adjacent bars on the potato soil conveying screen. Therefore, as the potato vine conveyor and potato soil conveyor move backward, the potato vines and weeds are gradually extracted from the mixture due to the pulling of the potato vine conveyor and continue to move backward in the direction of the potato combine harvester while hanging on the potato vine conveyor and continuing to move backward. The potatoes, as well as the broken soil, broken stones and broken vines, fall onto the potato soil conveyor after passing through the gaps between the baffles of the potato vine conveyor. Then, the broken soil, broken stones and broken vines gradually pass through the gaps between the bars of the potato soil conveyor and fall to the ground.

[0028] However, the potato vines and weeds hanging on the potato vine conveyor screen often carry or mix with a small amount of potatoes. When these potato vines and weeds carrying a small amount of potatoes move along the potato vine conveyor screen to below the potato vine desorption devices I and II of the potato vine vibration desorption device, because the ends of the plates on the mounting protrusions of the desorption plate of the potato vine desorption devices I and II are downward and lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusions on the upper section of the drive belt of the potato vine conveyor screen of the potato vine mixing conveyor assembly, as the upper section of the potato vine conveyor screen moves backward away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, the excitation protrusions on the upper section of the drive belt continuously push the potato vines away from the potato vines. The end of the lever plate mounted on the mounting protrusion of the desorption plate is pushed backward, which in turn twists the torsion spring on the lever plate. This, in turn, drives the desorption shaft and the lever plate mounted on the desorption shaft to swing around the desorption rod through the desorption plate and the desorption support arm. When the top surface of the excitation protrusion on the upper section of the drive belt of the potato vine conveyor screen passes the end of the lever plate, the torsion spring force is released. The lever plate returns to its original position instantly under the action of the torsion spring force, which in turn drives the desorption plate, the desorption support arm, the desorption shaft, and the lever plate to return to their original positions quickly, generating an excitation force, thereby removing the potatoes hanging on the potato vines. By changing the length of the adjusting arm I of the adjusting component I and the adjusting component II, the tilt angle of each lever plate can be adjusted to adapt to different potato varieties and different soil environments. Meanwhile, since both the potato vine desorption device I and the potato vine desorption device II have vibrating rollers below the ends of the paddles, when the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen moves backward, the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen touches the vibrating roller, forcing a local "wavy" bend in the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen, which is more conducive to the paddles removing the potato chunks hanging on the potato vines; when the baffle of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen passes the vibrating roller, the resistance on the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen and the baffle is released instantly, thereby generating a vibration force to further remove the potatoes hanging on the potato vines. The removed potatoes, as well as the torn and broken potato vines and weeds, pass through the potato vine conveying screen and fall to the subsequent potato vine separation and conveying device arranged below, guided by the guide plate located below. The separated and longer potato vines and weeds continue to move backward with the potato vine conveying screen.

[0029] As the potato vines and weeds hanging on the potato vine conveying screen continue to move backward past the potato vine conveying assembly of the vibrating desorption device, they change direction and run downward. A relatively long hanging section is located near the rear of the screen close to the protective cover. Most of the potato vines and weeds fall from this hanging section due to the change in direction and drop to the ground through the vine channel between the hanging section and the protective cover. Because a vine-pulling plate is located above the pressing assembly, and its lower edge presses against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen, a small number of potato vines and weeds still hanging on the screen are pulled off by the vine-pulling plate as they pass.

[0030] Because the pressing and screening assembly is located on the side furthest from the protective cover relative to the potato vine conveying assembly, the channel for potato vines and weeds formed between the suspended section of the potato vine conveying screen and the protective cover is wedge-shaped, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. This effectively prevents blockage caused by potato vines and weeds during their descent. In addition, each pressing wheel of the pressing assembly is equipped with a scraper to remove dirt and other debris adhering to the pressing wheels, ensuring the normal operation of the potato vine mixing and conveying device.

Claims

1. A potato vine vibration desorption and separation mechanism for an intelligent potato combine harvester, comprising a frame (1), a protective cover (2), a potato vine mixing and conveying device (3), and a potato vine vibration desorption device (4), wherein the frame (1) is supported on the ground by ground wheels, and is connected to the tractor via a traction frame at the front end facing the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; upright plates extend upwards on the left and right sides parallel to the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; and a protective cover (2) is provided at the rear away from the traction frame of the potato combine harvester; characterized in that: The potato vine mixing and conveying device (3) includes a tensioning mechanism (31), a potato soil conveying assembly (32), and a potato vine conveying assembly (33). The tensioning mechanism (31) includes a tensioning assembly (311), a tensioning plate (312), a tensioning wheel (313), a rubber wheel (314), and a tensioning spring (315). The tensioning assembly (311) includes a tensioning crossbar (3111), a tensioning support arm (3112), a tensioning wheel (313), and a tensioning rocker arm (3113). At each end of the tensioning crossbar (3111), a tensioning support arm (3112) is fixed, and the two tensioning support arms (3112) are located in the same plane. At the end of each of the two tensioning support arms (3112), a tensioning wheel (313) is hinged. (3111) One tensioning rocker arm (3113) is fixed at each end near the tensioning support arm (3112), and the two tensioning rocker arms (3113) are located in the same plane. The ends of the two tensioning components (311) are hinged to the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1). One end of the tensioning plate (312) is hinged to a tensioning wheel (313), and the other end is hinged to a rubber wheel (314). Two other rubber wheels (314) are hinged between the tensioning wheel (313) and the rubber wheel (314). Each rubber wheel (314) and the tensioning wheel (313) are located on the same side of the tensioning plate (312). The middle parts of the two tensioning plates (312) are respectively hinged to the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1). The rubber wheel (314) and tension wheel (313) both face inward, and the hinge point of the tension plate (312) on the upright plate of the frame (1) is located in front of the tension assembly (311) in the forward direction of the potato combine harvester; one end of each of the two tension springs (315) is hooked to the end of the tension plate (312) with the tension wheel (313) hinged to it, and one end of each of the two tension springs (315) is hooked to the end of the two tension rocker arms (3113) of the tension assembly (311), and the tension wheel (313) hinged to the end of the tension arm (3112) is located away from the tension plate (312); the potato soil conveying assembly (32) includes a potato soil conveying drive wheel (321) and a potato soil conveying drive shaft (32... 2) Potato soil conveying drive (323), reversing wheel (324), rubber wheel (314), tensioning wheel (313) and potato soil conveying screen (325). Three potato soil conveying drive wheels (321) are installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322). The two ends of the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322) are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1), and the hinge point relative to the tensioning assembly (311) is located behind the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. One end of the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322) extends through the vertical plate of the frame (1) and is connected to the potato soil conveying drive (323). Three reversing wheels (324) are respectively installed at the rear end of the first-stage potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester.Multiple rubber wheels (314) are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame (1), and all rubber wheels (314) are located between the reversing wheel (324) and the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322). Multiple tensioning wheels (313) are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right vertical plates of the frame (1), and all tensioning wheels (313) are located between the reversing wheel (324) and the potato soil conveying drive shaft (322). The potato soil conveying screen (325) includes potato soil bars (3251), potato soil side strips (3252), potato-blocking fingers (3253) and potato soil center strips (3254). The two ends of the multiple potato soil bars (3251) are respectively fixed. Two annular potato soil edge strips (3252) are fixed on the soil. Multiple potato soil rods (3251) are parallel to each other and the distance between adjacent potato soil rods (3251) is equal. A potato-blocking finger (3253) extends from the outer side of each of the two potato soil edge strips (3252) corresponding to each potato soil rod (3251). The potato-blocking fingers (3253) on the potato soil rods (3251) are located in the same plane and all face outwards from the annular potato soil edge strips (3252). An annular potato soil center strip (3254) is fixed in the middle of each potato soil rod (3251). A potato soil conveying screen (325) is hung on three potato soil conveying drive wheels (3251). 1) The potato vine conveying screen (325) is mounted on three reversing wheels (324) at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the potato soil conveying screen (325) is supported by multiple rubber wheels (314), and the lower section of the potato soil conveying screen (325) is tensioned by multiple tensioning wheels (313). The potato vine conveying assembly (33) includes a potato vine conveying drive wheel (331), a potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), a potato vine conveying drive (333), a reversing drum (334), rubber wheels (314), tensioning wheels (313), a potato vine conveying screen (335), a screen pressing assembly (336), a guide plate (337), and a vine-pulling plate (338), of which three are mounted on the drive shaft (324). The potato vine conveying drive wheel (331) is installed in the middle and at both ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332). The two ends of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) are respectively supported above the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1) and are located at the rear end of the forward direction of the potato combine harvester. One end of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) extends through the vertical plate of the frame (1) and is connected to the potato vine conveying drive (333). The reversing roller (334) is installed at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester, and the reversing roller (334) is located in front of the reversing wheel (324) of the potato soil conveying assembly (32) near the traction frame.Multiple rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right upright plates of the frame (1), and the rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are located above the rubber wheels (314) of the potato soil conveying assembly (32). Two tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are respectively installed on the inner side plates of the left and right upright plates of the frame (1), and the tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) are located below the tensioning wheels (313) of the potato soil conveying assembly (32). The annular potato vine conveying screen (335) has three drive belts (3351) along the width direction of the potato vine conveying screen (335), and the annular outer surface of the drive belts (3351) is along the potato vine conveying screen (335). The annular segment line of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is uniformly provided with several excitation protrusions (3352) along the length direction of the annular segment line; the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is uniformly provided with several baffles (3353) along the length direction of the annular segment line of the potato vine conveying screen (335), and the distance between adjacent baffles (3353) is greater than the distance between the potato soil conveying screen (3251) and the annular outer surface of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is provided with several hanging protrusions (3354) corresponding to each baffle (3353); the potato vine conveying screen (335) is hung on three potato vine conveying drive wheels (331) installed on the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) and on the reversing roller (334) installed at the rear end of the primary potato soil separation device of the potato combine harvester. The upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is supported on multiple rubber wheels (314) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33), and the lower section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) is supported on two tensioning wheels (313) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33). The screen pressing assembly (336) includes screen pressing wheels (3361), screen pressing rods (3362), and scrapers (3363). The screen pressing rods (3362) equipped with three screen pressing wheels (3361) are supported at both ends below the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on the left and right sides of the frame (1), and the screen pressing rods (3362) are located away from the protective cover (2) relative to the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33). Each screen pressing wheel (3361) is equipped with a scraper (3363). (336) A guide plate (337) is provided above the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332), and the surface of the guide plate (337) is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332). The guide plate (337) is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge forward in the forward direction. A seedling-pulling plate (338) is provided at the upper edge of the guide plate (337), and the surface of the seedling-pulling plate (338) is parallel to the axis of the potato vine conveying drive shaft (332). The seedling-pulling plate (338) is arranged in an inclined state with its upper edge forward in the forward direction of the potato combine harvester and its lower edge away from the forward direction and its lower edge backward. The lower edge of the seedling-pulling plate (338) is pressed against the annular inner surface of the potato vine conveying screen (335).The potato vine vibration desorption device (4) includes a potato vine desorption device I (41), a potato vine desorption device II (42), an adjustment assembly I (43), an adjustment assembly II (44), and a vibration roller (45). The potato vine desorption device I (41) includes a desorption rod (411), a desorption rocker arm I (412), a desorption middle plate (413), a desorption end plate (414), a desorption support arm (415), a lever plate (416), a torsion spring (417), a desorption shaft (418), and a desorption tension spring (419). One end of the desorption rod (411) is equipped with the desorption rocker arm I (412), and one corner of the triangular desorption middle plate (413) faces a direction perpendicular to the plate surface. Supporting protrusions I (4131) extend from both sides, and mounting protrusion (4132) extends from the other corner. The desorption middle plate (413) is fixed to the middle of the desorption rod (411) by the corner with the mounting protrusion (4132). One corner of the triangular desorption end plate (414) extends to one side in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface, with a supporting protrusion II (4141). The two desorption end plates (414) are fixed to both ends of the desorption rod (411) by the corners without the supporting protrusion II (4141). The supporting protrusions II (4141) of the two desorption end plates (414) and the supporting protrusion I (4131) of the desorption middle plate (413) face the same direction and are located in the same position. In one plane; one end of two desorption arms (415) is respectively hinged to the two sides of the desorption middle plate (413) near the desorption rod (411), and the two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported on the support protrusions I (4131) extending to both sides of the desorption middle plate (413); another two desorption arms (415) are respectively hinged to the inner side of two desorption end plates (414) near the desorption rod (411), and the two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported on the support protrusions II (4141) extending from the two desorption end plates (414); one end of a lever plate (416) is installed on the mounting protrusion (4132) of the desorption middle plate (413), and is connected by a torsion spring (41... 7) Clamping: One end of the multiple levers (416) is evenly installed on the desorption shaft (418) and clamped by the torsion spring (417); the two ends of the desorption shaft (418) equipped with multiple levers (416) are fixed on two desorption arms (415) that are respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414). The ends of the two desorption arms (415) away from the hinge point are respectively hung with a desorption tension spring (419). The other ends of the two desorption tension springs (419) are respectively hung on the corners of the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414) away from the desorption rod (411) and not protruding from the support protrusion I (4131) and the support protrusion II (4141);Another desorption shaft (418) equipped with multiple deflector plates (416) is fixed at both ends to two other desorption support arms (415) respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate (413) and another desorption end plate (414). Each of the two desorption support arms (415) has a desorption tension spring (419) hanging at its end. The other ends of the two desorption tension springs (419) are respectively hung on the corners of the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414). The desorption rod (411) of the potato vine desorption device I (41) is supported at both ends on the middle of the upright plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1). A deflector plate (416) is installed on the mounting protrusion (4132) of the desorption middle plate (413). 6) In the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, the end of the lever (416) away from the torsion spring (417) is downward, and the end of the lever (416) is lower than the top surface of the excitation protrusion (3352) on the upper section of the drive belt (3351) of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing and conveying device (3); the potato vine desorption device II (42) includes a desorption rod (411), a desorption rocker arm II (421), a desorption middle plate (413), a desorption end plate (414), a desorption support arm (415), a lever (416), a torsion spring (417), a desorption shaft (418), and a desorption tension spring (419), wherein the desorption rocker arm II (421) The desorption rod (411) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) is installed at one end. A desorption middle plate (413) is fixed in the middle of the desorption rod (411) of the potato vine desorption device II (42), and desorption end plates (414) are fixed at both ends. The support protrusions II (4141) of the two desorption end plates (414) and the support protrusions I (4131) of the desorption middle plate (413) face the same direction and are located in the same plane. One end of the two desorption arms (415) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) is respectively hinged to the two sides of the desorption middle plate (413) near the desorption rod (411). The two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported by the support of the desorption middle plate (413). On the support protrusion I (4131); two other desorption arms (415) are respectively hinged at one end to the inner side of the two desorption end plates (414) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) near the desorption rod (411), and the two desorption arms (415) are respectively supported on the support protrusion II (4141) of the desorption end plate (414); one end of one of the paddles (416) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) is installed on the mounting protrusion (4132) of the desorption middle plate (413) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) and is clamped by the torsion spring (417); one end of multiple paddles (416) is evenly installed on the desorption shaft (418) and is clamped by the torsion spring (417).The two desorption shafts (418) of the potato vine desorption device II (42), each equipped with multiple deflector plates (416), are fixed at both ends to two desorption support arms (415) respectively hinged to the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414). One end of each of the two desorption tension springs (419) is hung on the desorption support arm (415), and the other end is hung on the desorption middle plate (413) and the desorption end plate (414) respectively. The two desorption rods (411) of the four potato vine desorption device II (42) are supported at both ends on the rear ends of the upright plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1). The deflector plates (416) installed on the mounting protrusions (4132) of the desorption middle plate (413) face towards The forward direction of the potato combine harvester, and the plane where the end of the paddle plate (416) of the potato vine desorption device I (41) and the end of the paddle plate (416) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) are located is parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing and conveying device (3); the adjustment assembly I (43) includes an adjustment arm I (431) and an adjustment rod (432), wherein one end of the adjustment arm I (431) is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm I (412) of the potato vine desorption device I (41), and the other end is mounted on the upright plate of the frame (1) through the adjustment rod (432); the adjustment assembly II (44) includes an adjustment pull rod. Ⅰ(441), adjusting rod Ⅱ(442), adjusting arm Ⅱ(443), and adjusting rod (432), wherein one end of adjusting rod Ⅰ(441) is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm Ⅱ(421) of the potato vine desorption device Ⅱ(42) closest to the potato vine desorption device Ⅰ(41), and one end of adjusting rod Ⅱ(442) is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm Ⅱ(421) of the third potato vine desorption device Ⅱ(42) from the nearest to the potato vine desorption device Ⅰ(41). The other ends of adjusting rod Ⅰ(441) and desorption rocker arm Ⅱ(421) are mounted on the upright plate of the frame (1) through the adjusting rod (432) of adjusting assembly Ⅱ(44); 1 One end of the adjusting arm II (443) is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II (421) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) closest to the potato vine desorption device I (41), and the other end is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II (421) of the second potato vine desorption device II (42) from the nearest to the potato vine desorption device I (41); another adjusting arm II (443) is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II (421) of the third potato vine desorption device II (42) from the nearest to the potato vine desorption device I (41), and the other end is hinged to the end of the desorption rocker arm II (421) of the potato vine desorption device II (42) farthest from the potato vine desorption device I (41); One vibrating roller (45) is supported at both ends on the middle of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1), and the vibrating roller (45) is located on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, below the end of the baffle (416) of the potato vine desorption device I (41). The vibrating roller (45) is lower than the upper section of the drive belt (3351) of the potato vine conveying screen (335) of the potato vine conveying assembly (33) of the potato vine mixing and conveying device (3), and higher than the baffle (3353) of the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335). The lower edge; there are also 4 excitation rollers (45) with their ends supported on the rear ends of the vertical plates extending upward on both sides of the frame (1), and each excitation roller (45) is located on the side away from the forward direction of the potato combine harvester, below the end of the paddle plate (416) of the 4 potato vine desorption device II (42). The 4 excitation rollers (45) and the 1 excitation roller (45) located below the end of the paddle plate (416) of the potato vine desorption device I (41) are located in the same plane parallel to the upper section of the potato vine conveying screen (335).

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