Nitrogen-doped carbon material as well as preparation method and application thereof
The preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon materials in the spark ablation device through spark ablation technology solves the complexity and contamination problems of traditional methods, achieves high stability and large-scale production, simplifies the production process, and provides excellent performance for the catalyst support.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411901810.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-22
AI Technical Summary
The preparation method of traditional nitrogen-doped carbon materials is too complex, and the doped reagents are highly polluted and corrosive, resulting in damage to the carbon structure, reducing stability, and putting strict requirements on production processes and waste treatment, limiting their large-scale application.
The nitrogen-doped carbon material is prepared in the spark ablation device by using spark ablation technology. By discharged the carbon electrode target, vapor is generated and quenched and condensed in the nitrogen-containing gas stream to generate nitrogen-doped carbon particles, avoiding the use of doping reagents and simplifying the production process and waste treatment.
The high stability and large-scale production possibility of nitrogen-doped carbon materials are achieved, the production process is simplified, the risk of pollution is reduced, and as a catalyst carrier, it does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metals.
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Figure CN119858907A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a nitrogen-doped carbon material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Since carbon atoms can be combined in various ways to form linear, planar and tetrahedral bonding arrangements, the physical and chemical properties of carbon, such as conductivity, surface area and porosity, and surface chemistry, can be adjusted for specific applications, giving carbon a wide range of properties that can be applied in multiple technical fields. For example, carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon black, graphite and graphene have been widely used as catalysts or catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalysis.
[0003] However, simple carbon materials as catalysts can no longer meet the requirements of high stability and high activity. Therefore, different types of nitrogen-doped carbon materials have been gradually developed, and nitrogen-doped carbon has gradually demonstrated its advantages as a catalyst and catalyst carrier in the field of electrochemical applications. However, the traditional nitrogen doping process is too complicated, and the doping reagents used are highly polluting and corrosive, which has a certain destructive effect on the structure of the carbon itself, reduces the stability of the carbon, and puts forward more stringent requirements for the production process and waste treatment, thus greatly limiting the large-scale application of nitrogen-doped carbon. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a nitrogen-doped carbon material and its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the technical problems of the complexity of the existing nitrogen-doped carbon material preparation method and the severity of the production process and waste treatment.
[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] The first aspect of the present application discloses a method for preparing a nitrogen-doped carbon material for a water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
[0007] placing two electrode targets in a spark ablation device;
[0008] introducing a carrier gas into the spark ablation device;
[0009] starting a spark ablation device to generate a nitrogen-doped carbon material;
[0010] Wherein, the material of the electrode target is carbon, and the carrier gas is nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen and an inert gas.
[0011] It should be noted that the preparation method generates vapor by discharging a carbon electrode target, and the vapor is quenched by a variable temperature nitrogen-containing gas flow, thereby condensing to produce nitrogen-doped carbon particles. Since the supersaturation of the rapidly quenched vapor is very high, the critical size is pushed down to the atomic scale. The entire process is carried out in a spark ablation device, which is simple to operate and does not require the use of doping agents, which not only avoids damage to the carbon itself, but also simplifies the production process and waste treatment process. It can also mass-produce nitrogen-doped carbon, greatly increasing the possibility of large-scale application of nitrogen-doped carbon.
[0012] In one embodiment, the current of the spark ablation device is 0.01 mA to 20 mA;
[0013] Preferably, the current is 8 mA to 17 mA.
[0014] It should be noted that the nitrogen-doped carbon generated when the current is in the range of 0.01 mA to 20 mA has high stability, while when the current is lower than 0.01 mA or higher than 20 mA, the surface structure of the nitrogen-doped carbon generated changes dramatically.
[0015] In one embodiment, the voltage of the spark ablation device is 1 kV to 20 kV;
[0016] Preferably, the voltage is 10 kV to 20 kV.
[0017] In one embodiment, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 1 L / min to 20 L / min;
[0018] Preferably, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 8 L / min to 20 L / min.
[0019] In one embodiment, the two electrode targets are arranged opposite to each other in the spark ablation device, and the distance between the two electrode targets is 4 mm to 6 mm.
[0020] In one embodiment, the carrier gas is a mixture of nitrogen and an inert gas.
[0021] The inert gas includes at least one of argon, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon; and / or the volume percentage of nitrogen in the carrier gas is greater than or equal to 50%.
[0022] The second aspect of the present application discloses a nitrogen-doped carbon material for use as a catalyst for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and a hydrogen fuel cell, which is prepared using the method of the first aspect described above.
[0023] It should be noted that the nitrogen-doped carbon material provided in the present application has strong stability and does not affect the performance of loaded precious metals when used as a carrier.
[0024] The third aspect of the present application discloses a catalyst carrier, comprising the nitrogen-doped carbon material for the water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogen fuel cell of the second aspect.
[0025] It should be noted that the catalyst carrier provided in this embodiment has strong stability and does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metal.
[0026] The fourth aspect of the present application discloses a catalyst, characterized in that it comprises a noble metal and the nitrogen-doped carbon material for the water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogen fuel cell according to the second aspect.
[0027] In one embodiment, the weight percentage of the precious metal is greater than or equal to 25wt%.
[0028] The fifth aspect of the present application discloses the use of the nitrogen-doped carbon material according to the second aspect in a water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and a hydrogen fuel cell.
[0029] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this application are:
[0030] The nitrogen-doped carbon material and its preparation method and application of the present application adopt spark ablation technology to prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon material. The operation process is simple and does not require the use of doping reagents, which not only avoids damage to the carbon itself, but also simplifies the production process and waste treatment process. In addition, nitrogen-doped carbon can be produced on a large scale, greatly improving the possibility of large-scale application of nitrogen-doped carbon. In addition, the nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared by spark ablation technology has strong stability, and its use as a carrier does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 The cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 1;
[0032] Figure 2 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 2;
[0033] Figure 3 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 3;
[0034] Figure 4 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 4;
[0035] Figure 5 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 1;
[0036] Figure 6 Cyclic voltammetry test curve of nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained for existing commercial carbon material (EC300 Carbon);
[0037] Figure 7 Linear sweep (LSV) curves of Pt-loaded (30 wt%) nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst and commercial Pt / C catalyst in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solution;
[0038] Figure 8 The catalytic activity bar graphs of spark-ablated catalysts with different Pt loadings, spark-ablated Pt particles, and commercial Pt / C catalysts;
[0039] Fig. 9 Linear plot of the yield versus applied power for spark ablation of nitrogen-doped carbon materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] The present invention is further described in detail below by specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are intended to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art can easily recognize that some of the features can be omitted in different situations, or can be replaced by other materials and methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification, in order to avoid the core part of the present application being overwhelmed by too much description, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail, and the related operations can be fully understood according to the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.
[0041] In addition, the features, operations or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any appropriate manner to form various implementations. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can also be interchanged or adjusted in a manner that is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and the drawings are only for the purpose of clearly describing a certain embodiment and are not meant to be a required sequence, unless otherwise specified that a certain sequence must be followed.
[0042] The first aspect of the present application discloses a method for preparing a nitrogen-doped carbon material for a water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
[0043] placing two electrode targets in a spark ablation device;
[0044] introducing a carrier gas into the spark ablation device;
[0045] starting a spark ablation device to generate a nitrogen-doped carbon material;
[0046] The material of the electrode target is carbon, and the carrier gas is nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen and an inert gas.
[0047] It should be noted that the preparation method generates vapor by discharging a carbon electrode target, and the vapor is quenched by a variable temperature nitrogen-containing gas flow, thereby condensing to produce nitrogen-doped carbon particles. Since the supersaturation of the rapidly quenched vapor is very high, the critical size is pushed down to the atomic scale. The entire process is carried out in a spark ablation device, which is simple to operate and does not require the use of doping agents, which not only avoids damage to the carbon itself, but also simplifies the production process and waste treatment process. It can also mass-produce nitrogen-doped carbon, greatly increasing the possibility of large-scale application of nitrogen-doped carbon.
[0048] In addition, the spark ablation device is a device specifically used for performing the spark ablation process, and this embodiment does not limit the spark ablation device.
[0049] In one embodiment, the current of the spark ablation device is 0.01mA to 20mA. In specific applications, the current can be 0.5mA, 0.8mA, 1mA, 2mA, 3mA, 4mA, 5mA, 6mA, 7mA, 8mA, 9mA, 10mA, 11mA, 12mA, 13mA, 14mA, 15mA, 16mA, 17mA, 18mA, 19mA, 20mA, etc. Preferably, the current of the spark ablation device is 8mA to 17mA.
[0050] It should be noted that the nitrogen-doped carbon generated when the current is in the range of 0.01 mA to 20 mA has high stability, while when the current is lower than 0.01 mA or higher than 20 mA, the surface structure of the nitrogen-doped carbon generated changes dramatically.
[0051] In one embodiment, the voltage of the spark ablation device is 1 kV to 20 kV. In specific applications, the voltage can be 1 kV, 1.5 kV, 3 kV, 4.5 kV, 5 kV, 6.5 kV, 8 kV, 9 kV, 10 kV, 11 kV, 12 kV, 13 kV, 14 kV, 15 kV, 16 kV, 17 kV, 18 kV, 19 kV, 20 kV, etc. Preferably, the voltage of the spark ablation device is 10 kV to 20 kV.
[0052] In one embodiment, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 1L / min to 20L / min. In specific applications, the flow rate is 1L / min, 2L / min, 3L / min, 4L / min, 5L / min, 6L / min, 7L / min, 8L / min, 9L / min, 10L / min, 11L / min, 12L / min, 13L / min, 14L / min, 15L / min, 16L / min, 17L / min, 18L / min, 19L / min, 20L / min, etc. Preferably, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 8L / min to 20L / min.
[0053] In one embodiment, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 1 to 2 times the current value. For example, when the current is 10 mA, the flow rate can be 10 L / min to 20 L / min.
[0054] In one embodiment, two electrode targets are arranged opposite to each other in the spark ablation device, and the distance between the two electrode targets is 4 mm to 6 mm. In specific applications, the distance between the two electrode targets can be 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, etc.
[0055] In one embodiment, the carrier gas is a mixture of nitrogen and an inert gas, and the inert gas includes at least one of argon, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Preferably, the inert gas is argon.
[0056] In one embodiment, the carrier gas is a mixed gas of nitrogen and an inert gas, wherein the volume percentage of the nitrogen is greater than or equal to 50%. Of course, in other embodiments, the volume percentage of the nitrogen may also be less than 50%.
[0057] In one embodiment, the carbon material is any one of graphite, activated carbon, carbon black and graphene.
[0058] The second aspect of the present application discloses a nitrogen-doped carbon material for use as a catalyst for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and a hydrogen fuel cell, which is prepared using the method of the first aspect described above.
[0059] It should be noted that the nitrogen-doped carbon material provided in this embodiment has strong stability and does not affect the performance of loaded precious metals when used as a carrier.
[0060] The third aspect of the present application discloses a catalyst carrier, comprising the nitrogen-doped carbon material for the water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogen fuel cell of the second aspect.
[0061] It should be noted that the catalyst carrier provided in this embodiment has strong stability and does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metal.
[0062] The fourth aspect of the present application discloses a catalyst, characterized in that it comprises a noble metal and the nitrogen-doped carbon material for the water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogen fuel cell according to the second aspect.
[0063] In one embodiment, the weight percentage of the precious metal is greater than or equal to 25 wt %. In specific applications, the weight percentage of the precious metal can be 25 wt %, 28 wt %, 30 wt %, 35 wt %, 40 wt %, etc.
[0064] The fifth aspect of the present application discloses the use of the nitrogen-doped carbon material according to the second aspect in a water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and a hydrogen fuel cell.
[0065] The present application is further described in detail below by specific examples. The following examples are only further described for the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the reagents, instruments, etc. used in the examples are all commercially available.
[0066] Embodiment 1:
[0067] Two cylindrical graphite carbon rods (electrode targets) with a diameter of 3 mm were placed in a spark ablation device as positive and negative electrodes, and the distance between the two electrode targets was controlled to be 5 mm. Nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 20 L / min was introduced into the spark ablation device, and the spark ablation device was started, and a voltage of 10 kV and a current of 15 mA were applied to the electrode targets to generate nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
[0068] Embodiment 2:
[0069] Two cylindrical graphite carbon rods (electrode targets) with a diameter of 3 mm were placed in a spark ablation device as positive and negative electrodes, and the distance between the two electrode targets was controlled to be 5 mm. Nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 20 L / min was introduced into the spark ablation device, and the spark ablation device was started, and a voltage of 9 kV and a current of 13 mA were applied to the electrode targets to generate nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
[0070] Embodiment 3:
[0071] Two 3mm diameter cylindrical graphene carbon rods (electrode targets) were placed in a spark ablation device as positive and negative electrodes, and the distance between the two electrode targets was controlled to be 5mm. A mixed gas of nitrogen and argon with a flow rate of 10 was introduced into the spark ablation device, the spark ablation device was started, a voltage of 3 and a current of 1mA were applied to the electrode targets to generate nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
[0072] Embodiment 4:
[0073] Two cylindrical activated carbon rods (electrode targets) with a diameter of 3 mm were placed in a spark ablation device as positive and negative electrodes, and the distance between the two electrode targets was controlled to be 5 mm. Nitrogen with a flow rate of 20 L / min was introduced into the spark ablation device, and the spark ablation device was started, and a voltage of 20 kV and a current of 20 mA were applied to the electrode targets to generate nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
[0074] Comparative Example 1:
[0075] Two cylindrical graphite carbon rods (electrode targets) with a diameter of 3 mm were placed in a spark ablation device as positive and negative electrodes, and the distance between the two electrode targets was controlled to be 3 mm. Nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 20 L / min was introduced into the spark ablation device, and the spark ablation device was started, and a voltage of 20 and a current of 50 mA were applied to the electrode targets to generate nitrogen-doped carbon materials.
[0076] Electrochemical test and results:
[0077] 1) Stability test:
[0078] Cyclic voltammetry was performed in a nitrogen-saturated 0.1 M HCIO4 solution with a voltage scan rate of 20 mV / s and a carbon loading of 0.1 g / cm 2 , scan in the range of 0.35-0.8V (Ag / AgCl as reference electrode) and record the initial performance. Then, scan 1000 times in the range of 1-1.5V vs.RHE at 500mV / s to accelerate the material decay, and then scan again in the range of 0.35-0.8V (Ag / AgCl as reference electrode) as the final performance. Compare the initial performance to characterize the stability.
[0079] Figure 1 The cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 1; Figure 2 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 2; Figure 3 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 3; Figure 4 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Example 4; Figure 5 This is the cyclic voltammetry test curve of the nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 1; Figure 6 The cyclic voltammetry curve of nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained from an existing commercial carbon material (EC300 Carbon) is shown in Figure 1. The commercial carbon material (EC300 Carbon) was purchased from Lion Corporation of Japan.
[0080] A large change in capacitance current between the initial (BOL) and end (EOL) capacitance current at the same voltage means a dramatic change in the surface structure. Figures 1 to 6 From the cyclic voltammetry test results, it can be seen that the spark-ablated nitrogen-doped carbon materials obtained at currents of 1mA, 13mA, 15mA and 20mA all have high stability, especially the spark-ablated nitrogen-doped carbon materials obtained at currents of 13mA and 15mA have better stability. Among them, the spark-ablated nitrogen-doped material obtained at a current of 15mA has a significantly smaller change in the final performance than the initial performance under the same cycle conditions compared with commercial carbon (EC300Carbon). Therefore, the spark-ablated nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained at a spark-ablated current of 15mA has stronger electrochemical stability than the existing commercial carbon material (EC300 Carbon). However, the spark-ablated nitrogen-doped carbon material obtained at a current of 50mA has a significantly larger change in the final performance than the initial performance at the same voltage, so the stability is poor.
[0081] 2) Performance test of spark erosion catalyst
[0082] The preparation method of the catalyst noble metal loaded nitrogen doped carbon catalyst is as follows: two cylindrical graphite carbon rods (graphite electrodes) with a diameter of 3 mm are used as the first pair of positive and negative electrodes, and two noble metal electrode rods with a diameter of 3 mm are used as the second pair of positive and negative electrodes. The first pair of positive and negative electrodes and the second pair of positive and negative electrodes are placed in a spark ablation device, the distance between the two graphite electrodes is 5 mm, and the noble metal electrode is placed 5 cm behind the graphite electrode. Nitrogen with a flow rate of 1L / min to 20L / min is introduced into the spark ablation device, and the nitrogen first passes through the graphite electrode and then passes through the noble metal electrode. The spark ablation device is started, and a voltage of 1kV to 20kV and a current of 0.01mA to 20mA are given to the first pair of positive and negative electrodes and the second pair of positive and negative electrodes at the same time, to generate a noble metal loaded nitrogen doped carbon catalyst.
[0083] The spark ablation catalyst used in this test experiment is a Pt-loaded nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst prepared by spark ablation, and the commercial catalyst is a commercial Pt / C catalyst, wherein the commercial Pt / C catalyst is purchased from Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK, Japan.
[0084] Perform linear voltammetric sweep test on the electrochemical workstation:
[0085] Electrode preparation: In the rotating disk electrode test, 5 mg of catalyst or carbon support powder was dispersed in 1.8 mL of deionized water, 0.9 mL of IPA and 0.1 mL of a 5% Nafion mixed solution, and ultrasonicated for 10 minutes. The dispersed sample was taken and coated on a glassy carbon electrode to ensure that the carbon material electrode loading was 0.1 mg / cm 2 Or precious metal loading is 10ug / cm 2 .
[0086] Test conditions: oxygen saturated 0.1M HClO4 solution, applied scan rate of 10mV / s, disk electrode rotation rate of 1600rpm, noble metal loading of 10ug / cm 2 .
[0087] Figure 7 The linear sweep (LSV) curves of Pt-loaded (30 wt%) nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst (spark ablation catalyst) and commercial Pt / C catalyst in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solution are shown. As can be seen from the figure, under the linear sweep voltammetry test conditions, the performance of the Pt-loaded (30 wt%) nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst prepared by spark ablation is consistent with the performance of the commercial catalyst. This shows that nitrogen-doped carbon as a carrier does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metal.
[0088] Figure 8The catalytic activity bar graphs of spark eroded catalysts, spark eroded Pt particles and commercial Pt / C catalysts with different Pt loadings are shown. It can be seen from the figure that when the Pt loading reaches more than 30%, Pt-loaded nitrogen-doped carbon as a catalyst shows obvious activity superiority compared to commercial catalysts. When the Pt loading is 5%, or pure spark eroded Pt particles, it shows similar surface activity to commercial catalysts. Therefore, in the carrier application, the precious metal loading should be around 30% to give full play to the role of spark eroded nitrogen-doped carbon carrier in promoting the activity of precious metals.
[0089] Large-scale production testing:
[0090] Fig. 9 A linear curve graph of the output of nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced by spark ablation and the applied power is shown. From the graph, it can be seen that the output of nitrogen-doped carbon materials produced by spark ablation is proportional to the applied power. Increasing the power under 1L / min to 20L / min nitrogen conditions can significantly increase the production speed (nitrogen doped carbon). Therefore, it can effectively predict the large-scale production rate and improve the energy efficiency of large-scale production.
[0091] In summary, the nitrogen-doped carbon material prepared by spark ablation technology has strong stability, and its use as a carrier does not affect the performance of the loaded precious metal. In addition, the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon materials by spark ablation technology has a simple operation process and does not require the use of doping reagents, which not only avoids damage to the carbon itself, but also simplifies the production process and waste treatment process. In addition, nitrogen-doped carbon can also be produced on a large scale, greatly increasing the possibility of large-scale application of nitrogen-doped carbon.
[0092] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, according to the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions, modifications or substitutions can be made.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a nitrogen-doped carbon material for use as a catalyst for hydrogen production from water electrolysis and a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: include: placing two electrode targets in a spark ablation device; introducing a carrier gas into the spark ablation device; starting a spark ablation device to generate a nitrogen-doped carbon material; Wherein, the material of the electrode target is carbon, and the carrier gas is nitrogen or a mixture of nitrogen and an inert gas.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current of the spark ablation device is 0.01mA to 20mA; Preferably, the current is 8 mA to 17 mA.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage of the spark ablation device is 1kV to 20kV; Preferably, the voltage is 10 kV to 20 kV.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 1L / min to 20L / min; Preferably, the flow rate of the carrier gas introduced into the spark ablation device is 8 L / min to 20 L / min.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two electrode targets are arranged opposite to each other in the spark ablation device, and the distance between the two electrode targets is 4 mm to 6 mm.
6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The carrier gas is a mixed gas of nitrogen and inert gas; The inert gas includes at least one of argon, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon; and / or the volume percentage of nitrogen in the carrier gas is greater than or equal to 50%.
7. A nitrogen-doped carbon material for use as a catalyst for hydrogen production from water electrolysis and a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: The method is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A catalyst carrier, characterized in that The invention comprises the nitrogen-doped carbon material for the water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 7.
9. A catalyst, characterized in that The invention comprises a noble metal and a nitrogen-doped carbon material for a water electrolysis hydrogen production catalyst and a hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 7.
10. Use of the nitrogen-doped carbon material according to claim 7 in water electrolysis hydrogen production catalysts and hydrogen fuel cells.