Deep-ditch hanging planting method for Chinese yams

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of Chinese yam planting, and particularly relates to a Chinese yam deep ditch hanging planting method. According to the simple and efficient Chinese yam deep-ditch hanging planting method, Chinese yam rhizomes do not make contact with soil in the growth process, and the problems that Chinese yams are irregular in shape, difficult to dig and serious in damage are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of yam planting, and particularly relates to a yam deep-ditch hanging planting method. Background Art

[0002] Chinese yam is a traditional specialty food and medicine crop in my country. It is widely planted and grown in a large area. Its rich nutritional value and outstanding medicinal effects have been widely recognized and welcomed by consumers. The rhizome of Chinese yam can reach 1 meter deep underground. The rhizome is tender and time-consuming to dig, and it is easy to cause damage. In addition, during the growth process of many varieties of Chinese yam, the rhizome is hindered by the soil, and the shape changes in various ways, which seriously affects the quality and value of the product. The irregular shape of Chinese yam makes it difficult to peel and the peeling loss rate is high, which also becomes the main obstacle to the mechanical processing of Chinese yam. After the yam seed potatoes germinate, thick roots grow horizontally at the lower end of the seed potatoes, only 2-3cm away from the soil surface, and then most of the roots grow horizontally 5-10cm underground, absorbing water and nutrients from the soil on the one hand, and supporting the growth of the aboveground stems and leaves on the other hand. The rhizomes grown from the seed potatoes grow downward and expand to form the edible tissue of Chinese yam, and the root system is concentrated in the rhizome. Therefore, the rhizomes of yam can grow in a suspended state without contact with the soil. They have a regular shape, a smooth surface, and are easy to dig. The invention patent "Yam Hole Cultivation Method" (CN 1799304A) uses a special puncher to vertically drill holes in the field. After the ground film is sealed, the yam is planted on the ground film at the hole, so that the yam passes through the ground film and grows in a suspended state, which is convenient for the harvest of the yam and reduces the damage caused by digging. "A Suspended Long Yam Cultivation Method" (CN 104303753A) uses special perforated nutrient pots to carry out off-season seedling cultivation of yam seeds. A U-shaped trench of more than 90 cm is dug in the raw soil layer of the yam planting site, and a PVC filter pipe is laid in the U-shaped trench and multiple layers of hollow bricks are stacked in a stacking manner to form a 90 cm deep hole. The yam seedlings are placed on the vertical holes formed by the hollow bricks, so that the yam rhizomes grow downward along the vertical holes in a suspended state. Although these methods achieve the suspended growth of yam rhizomes, the rhizomes are confined to the holes, and the growth of the rhizomes may be limited by space. The holes are also prone to water accumulation and poor ventilation, which affects the quality of the yam rhizomes. In addition, the excavation or construction of the holes is inconvenient, and the production efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for deep-ditch hanging planting of yam, comprising the following steps:

[0004] (1) Land preparation: Choose a sandy loam land that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with good drainage, compact soil, and suitable for growing yam;

[0005] (2) Trenching: digging deep trenches by scraping away the loose soil layer on the surface;

[0006] (3) Laying the cover board: Lay a cover board with a thickness of about 2-4 mm along the ditch, and a rope is provided at the opening of the cover board;

[0007] (4) Planting potatoes: Place the cut or diced yam seed potatoes on the ropes at the cover opening to ensure that the seed potatoes do not fall into the ditch. The seed potatoes are spaced 20 cm apart. A layer of 1 cm thick dead grass is laid on the ropes and seed potatoes. Then, the entire cover is covered with loose soil to ensure that the loose soil does not fall into the ditch. The yam planting is completed.

[0008] (5) Covering with mulch film: After planting the yam and covering the soil, ridges are made with a height of 10 cm and a width of 30 cm; the ridge surface is scraped flat and covered with mulch film;

[0009] (6) Laying drip irrigation tape: After the whole field is planted and covered with mulch, drip irrigation tape is laid at the bottom of each furrow between ridges;

[0010] (7) Breaking the ground film: 10 to 15 days after sowing, the ground film should be broken in time, and a slit should be made in the ground film on the top of the ridge to expose the ground film in time after the yam seedlings emerge;

[0011] (8) Seedling selection: 20 to 30 days after sowing, the yam seedlings will gradually emerge and be selected. One healthy seedling will be left in each hole according to the determined spacing, and the rest will be removed. The second seedling selection will be carried out about 15 days after the first seedling selection.

[0012] (9) Hanging climbing: When the seedling height is about 20 cm, keep two strong main vines and remove other side branches. Before the yam forms vines, erect the columns and build the frame in time. Wrap the special vine climbing net with a 3 mm diameter plastic steel wire and connect it to the frame, and guide the vines to hang on the climbing net.

[0013] (10) Harvesting: When harvesting, dig up the soil layer, hold the yam head, and pull the yam out of the ditch together with the cover.

[0014] Furthermore, the deep trench in step (2) has a width of 15 cm, a depth of 80 cm, and a trench spacing of 1.0-1.2 m.

[0015] Furthermore, the cover plate described in step (3) is 20 cm wide, 60 cm long, and has a middle opening of 54 cm×10 cm; baffles are provided on both longitudinal sides of the back of the cover plate, the baffles are 8-10 cm wide, and the length is consistent with the length of the cover plate, and the distance between the two side baffles is consistent with the width of the groove; an arc-shaped ring strip is provided along the back of the cover plate opening, and the rope is tied through the holes of the ring strip; the cover plate is made of polypropylene or other lightweight and durable hard materials; the rope is generally a plastic rope or a straw rope.

[0016] Furthermore, the mulch film in step (5) is a common mulch film or a degradable mulch film with a width of 60 cm and a thickness of 0.007 to 0.008 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape in step (6) is a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tape with a drip hole flow rate of 2.4 to 2.8 L / h, and the joint is connected to prepare for irrigation.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The rhizome of yam grows downward, and after passing through the cover rope, it is completely in a suspended state. The growth process is not subject to any physical obstacles, so the rhizome of yam not only has a high yield, but also has a regular shape and a smooth surface.

[0020] 2. The rhizome of yam is in a suspended state. When harvesting, you only need to hold the rhizome and pull it out of the ditch. It not only saves effort but also completely avoids damage.

[0021] 3. Reduce the cost of yam cultivation, and the ditches and covers can be reused for many years.

[0022] 4. The cover plate not only plays the role of hanging yams, but also supports both sides of the ditch through baffles, which can effectively prevent the collapse of the ditch.

[0023] 5. The rope in the cover opening can not only prevent the seed potatoes and soil from falling into the ditch, but also has a certain elasticity, so the rhizomes of the seed potatoes can easily pass through the rope and grow downward.

[0024] 6. The cultivation mode of mulching + drip irrigation can effectively prevent rainwater erosion from causing waterlogging, mud accumulation and collapse in ditches. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. The methods in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents used are conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] Example

[0031] The specific steps are as follows:

[0032] Step 1, land preparation: select a high and dry land with good drainage and deep soil. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, and the soil quality should be consistent between the top and bottom.

[0033] Step 2, trenching: dig the loose soil layer on the surface and use a special trenching machine to dig deep trenches with a width of 15 cm, a depth of 80 cm, and a trench spacing of 1.0 m;

[0034] Step 3, lay the cover board: lay a polypropylene cover board with a thickness of about 3mm along the ditch, with a width of 20cm and a length of 60cm. The baffle on the back of the cover board just fits the ditch;

[0035] Step 4, sowing potatoes: Place the cut or diced yam seed potatoes on the ropes at the cover opening to ensure that the seed potatoes do not fall into the ditch. The seed potatoes are 20 cm apart. A layer of dead grass (1 cm thick) is laid on the ropes and seed potatoes. Then, cover the entire cover with loose soil to ensure that the loose soil does not fall into the ditch. The yam is planted.

[0036] Step 5, covering with mulch film: After planting the yam, ridges are made with a height of 10 cm and a width of 30 cm. The ridge surface is scraped flat and covered with mulch film. Ordinary mulch film with a width of 60 cm and a thickness of 0.007-0.008 mm or degradable mulch film can be used. The edges of the film should be pressed tightly and the surface of the film should be flat to prevent strong winds from blowing off the film.

[0037] Step 6, laying drip irrigation tape: After the whole field is planted and covered with mulch, the drip irrigation tape is laid at the bottom of each furrow between ridges in time. A single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tape can be used, and the drip hole flow rate is preferably 2.4-2.8L / h. Connect the joints for irrigation;

[0038] Step 7, Breaking the Ground Film: Break the ground film in time 10-15 days after sowing and laying the film, cut a hole in the ground film on the top of the ridge to prevent the temperature under the film from being too high and scalding the tip of the yam seedling. After the yam seedlings emerge, expose the ground film in time;

[0039] Step 8, seedling selection: 20 to 30 days after sowing, the yam seedlings will gradually emerge and be selected. According to the determined spacing (20 cm), one healthy seedling will be left in each hole, and the rest will be removed. The second seedling selection will be carried out about 15 days after the first seedling selection;

[0040] Step 9, hanging climbing: When the seedling height is about 20cm, keep 2 strong main vines and remove other side branches. Before the yam forms vines, erect the columns and build the frame in time. Wrap the special vine climbing net with a 3mm diameter plastic steel wire and connect it to the frame, and guide the vines to hang on the climbing net.

[0041] Step 10, management: Use drip irrigation to carry out conventional fertilizer and water management, reasonably increase the application of organic fertilizer and pest control, strengthen drainage measures in the rainy season, and ensure smooth drainage of ditches and ridge fields. The emergence time of yam is relatively long, and it is necessary to replenish the emergence water in time. The amount of water should not be large, about 20m3 / mu, and there will be no dripping in the future, until the yam stems and vines are on the shelf, and then dripping will begin. When entering the vigorous growth period of rhizomes, the soil should be kept moist, and the drip interval should be 10 to 12 days. The dripping should adhere to the principle of small amounts and multiple times to prevent mud, collapse or water accumulation in ditches. Yam topdressing adheres to the principle of organic fertilizer as the main and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary. In the early stage of vine growth, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied. When entering the vigorous growth period of rhizomes, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in combination, especially the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased to promote the expansion of stems. In the later stage, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to avoid vine elongation. During the growth period of yam vines (around early July), urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied with water. When the stems and vines of yam have climbed all over the trellis (mid-July), apply well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer, spread it evenly on the ridges, and then drip water. When the rhizomes of yam begin to swell (early August), apply urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate with water. The main pests of yam are cutworms, white grubs, leaf eaters, and red spiders. To control underground pests, you can use 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate diluted with water for root irrigation. Leaf eaters can be controlled by spraying 2000 times of 2.5% diazinon or 1200 times of 3% phoxim alternately, and can be combined with insecticidal lamps to kill them. Red spiders can be controlled by spraying 1500-2000 times of cypermethrin;

[0042] Step 11, Harvesting: When harvesting, dig up the soil layer, hold the yam head, and pull the yam out of the ditch together with the cover.

[0043] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for deep-ditch hanging planting of yam, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Land preparation: Choose a sandy loam land that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with good drainage, compact soil, and suitable for growing yam; (2) Trenching: digging deep trenches by scraping away the loose soil layer on the surface; (3) Laying the cover board: Lay a cover board with a thickness of about 2-4 mm along the ditch, and a rope is provided at the opening of the cover board; (4) Planting potatoes: Place the cut or diced yam seed potatoes on the ropes at the cover opening to ensure that the seed potatoes do not fall into the ditch. The seed potatoes are spaced 20 cm apart. A layer of 1 cm thick dead grass is laid on the ropes and seed potatoes. Then, the entire cover is covered with loose soil to ensure that the loose soil does not fall into the ditch. The yam planting is completed. (5) Covering with mulch film: After planting the yam and covering the soil, ridges are made with a height of 10 cm and a width of 30 cm; the ridge surface is scraped flat and covered with mulch film; (6) Laying drip irrigation tape: After the whole field is planted and covered with plastic film, drip irrigation tape is laid at the bottom of each furrow between ridges; (7) Breaking the ground film: 10 to 15 days after sowing, the ground film should be broken in time, and a slit should be made in the ground film on the top of the ridge to expose the ground film in time after the yam seedlings emerge; (8) Seedling selection: 20 to 30 days after sowing, the yam seedlings will gradually emerge and be selected. One healthy seedling will be left in each hole according to the determined spacing, and the rest will be removed. The second seedling selection will be carried out about 15 days after the first seedling selection. (9) Hanging climbing: When the seedling height is about 20 cm, keep two strong main vines and remove other side branches. Before the yam forms vines, erect the columns and build the frame in time. Wrap the special vine climbing net with a 3 mm diameter plastic steel wire and connect it to the frame, and guide the vines to hang on the climbing net. (10) Harvesting: When harvesting, dig up the soil layer, hold the yam head, and pull the yam out of the ditch together with the cover.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The deep trenches in step (2) have a width of 15 cm, a depth of 80 cm, and a trench spacing of 1.0-1.2 m.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cover plate described in step (3) is 20 cm wide, 60 cm long, and has a 54 cm × 10 cm opening in the middle. Baffles are provided on both longitudinal sides of the back of the cover plate. The baffles are 8-10 cm wide and the length is consistent with the length of the cover plate. The distance between the two side baffles is consistent with the width of the groove. An arc-shaped ring strip is provided along the opening of the cover plate on the back of the cover plate, and the rope is tied through the holes of the ring strip. The cover plate is made of polypropylene or other lightweight and durable hard materials. The rope is generally a plastic rope or a straw rope.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ground film in step (5) is a common ground film or a degradable ground film with a width of 60 cm and a thickness of 0.007 to 0.008 mm.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The drip irrigation tape in step (6) is a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tape with a drip hole flow rate of 2.4 to 2.8 L / h. The joint is connected to prepare for irrigation.