Staggered mining method under pre-supporting condition and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a staggered mining method under a pre-supporting condition and application of the staggered mining method, and belongs to the field of mining methods.The staggered mining method comprises the steps that firstly, directional pre-supporting and high-strength grouting are conducted on caving discrete bodies through roadways along the vein, so that the caving discrete bodies form a cementation combination, and the cementation combination is endowed with certain self-stabilizing capacity; and a safe environment is created for stoping the ore body beside the caving discrete body. Meanwhile, the interior of the middle section of the ore body is divided into an upper stoping unit and a lower stoping unit, the stoping sequence of the upper stoping unit and the lower stoping unit is limited, and stoping and filling are conducted through a rhombic stope structure, so that a stable structure similar to an inverted triangle is formed firstly, an inclined strut effect is provided for hanging wall caving discrete bodies, and the stoping safety of the lower stoping unit is improved. Compared with a mining mode needing to reserve pillars in the prior art, the mining method has the advantages that the ore recovery rate is high, the loss of ore resources is avoided, and the problems of difficulty in recovery, poor safety and low recovery rate of the ore body beside the existing mine caving discrete body are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, and in particular to a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the mining industry, many mines are facing historical problems. Due to the disorderly mining, lack of long-term planning and design, lack of targeted problem solving, and the idea of ​​mining first where the ore is rich and then considering the surrounding ore bodies, the random mining in the mines has destroyed the overall stress environment. Under the action of dynamic disturbance, the empty areas formed by mining are prone to large-scale collapse. Under the strong disturbance, the ore pillars reserved in the early stage are also unable to bear the huge pressure and break, which is easy to cause large ground pressure activities in the mine. At the same time, it also causes a large number of cross-fall areas in the mine, which has caused great difficulties for the mining of the surrounding ore bodies. It also makes the underground mining technical conditions of most old mines extremely complicated, and the loss of resources underground is incalculable, which has caused great waste of mining resources.

[0003] At present, most mines generally leave a certain width of pillars as protective pillars when mining the ore body next to the bulk body, and this method causes the loss of ore; the prior art discloses an improved method for mining the thick and large crushed top and bottom pillars under the bulk body, which divides the vertical direction of the remaining pillars into several blocks, and leaves intermediate pillars and arc-top pillars between the blocks to control the top plate of the approach; the top and bottom pillars are mined by the approach method, and the approach adopts the backward mining method one by one. The mined approach adopts the cemented filling body to connect the top filling, which serves as the top protection pillar when the next approach is mined, and supports the top plate together with the ore body on the other side of the approach. Although this method mines the remaining residual pillars again, it still cannot completely mine out the pillars, and it also increases the mining process and cost, and reduces the mining yield.

[0004] Some existing mines adopt the full grouting method, which uses low-strength and low-concentration filling materials to irrigate the collapsed loose bodies on a large scale. However, due to the unclear regional scope and collapse situation, it is easy to cause disorderly turbulence of the filling materials after entering the underground, and large-scale slurry leakage of the filling materials in some local areas, posing a greater risk to underground safety. However, no effective cementation combination has been formed in the collapsed area, which still threatens the safety of normal ore recovery around the collapsed loose bodies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions and its application, aiming to solve the technical problems of difficulty in mining the ore body beside the collapsed loose body in existing mines, poor safety and low recovery rate.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps: S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections in the height direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body, and mine the middle section in steps according to the subsections; further divide the middle section into several small sections in the height direction; and arrange the mining project, including the middle section vein outer roadway and the small section vein outer roadway; S2, excavating the vein-penetrating tunnels of each subarea from the middle section outer vein tunnel and the sub-section outer vein tunnel respectively toward the ore body until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk, and then excavating several vein-penetrating tunnels along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk; and supporting the entire section of the vein-penetrating tunnel, and simultaneously supporting the vein-penetrating tunnel toward the collapsed bulk by using high-strength grouting anchor cables, and injecting grout into the collapsed bulk by using high-strength grouting anchor cables; S3. In any partition, a first rock drilling tunnel is excavated along the direction of the ore body at the center position of the middle section, and the first rock drilling tunnel is arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel and communicates with it; the middle section is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first rock drilling tunnel; the upper mining unit is a quasi-inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit is a quasi-right triangle structure; the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in a diamond stope structure distributed in an upper and lower staggered manner, and high-strength filling can be carried out after the mining of any diamond stope structure is completed to form a diamond support space; S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like diagonal support is formed on the upper part of the middle section. Then the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a regular triangle-like support is formed, which forms a complete combination with the inverted triangle-like diagonal support. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section is completed. The same method is then used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0007] Preferably, in step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mining, they are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond stope structure as a unit. In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mining with the diamond stope structure, they first excavate rock drilling tunnels and receiving ore tunnels along the direction of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnels and receiving ore tunnels are both arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnels and communicated with them; the receiving ore tunnel is arranged at the bottom of the diamond stope structure, and the rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the edge of the diamond stope structure close to the collapsed bulk.

[0008] Preferably, when the diamond-shaped stope structure is mined, blasting fan-shaped holes are constructed from the rock drilling tunnel wall to the surrounding of the ore body in front of the rock drilling tunnel; when blasting, the receiving tunnel at the bottom of the diamond-shaped stope structure receives ore, and the ore is discharged to the small-segmented vein outer tunnel or the middle-segment vein outer tunnel through the vein-penetrating tunnel. When the diamond-shaped stope structure is filled, a filling retaining wall of the rock drilling tunnel is set, so that the rock drilling tunnel after blasting can continue to be used as the receiving tunnel when the adjacent diamond-shaped stope structure with staggered distribution at the top is mined.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the small segments is an even number, the first rock drilling roadway is located between two adjacent small segments, and the first rock drilling roadway can be used as the rock drilling roadway of the diamond stope structure for the first mining in the upper mining unit. The diamond stope structure is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas respectively located in two adjacent small segments, and the mining height of the diamond stope structure is the height of the two small segments; the rock drilling roadway and the receiving ore roadway are both located between two adjacent small segments.

[0010] Preferably, when mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond stope structure cannot be formed, mining is carried out with a triangular stope structure, or mining is carried out after retaining the structure until the next middle section forms a diamond stope structure.

[0011] The remaining ore bodies at the upper and lower boundaries of the middle section can be handled flexibly. When mining with a triangular stope structure, only tunnels are excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure and used as rock drilling tunnels and ore-receiving tunnels. That is, upward fan-shaped holes are drilled and blasted out of the mine through this tunnel.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, when supporting the entire cross-section of the vein tunnel, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

[0013] Full-section support of the tunnels along the vein is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the collapsed loose bodies beside the ore body and avoiding collapse problems during blasting mining.

[0014] Secondly, the present application provides an application of a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, and the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions is suitable for the recovery of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies; this method provides a new idea for the recovery of ore bodies next to collapsed loose bodies, improves the safety of ore recovery, and will not cause waste of ore resources.

[0015] Beneficial effects: (1) In the technical solution of the present application, the collapsed bulk is firstly directional pre-supported and high-strength grouting is carried out along the vein tunnel, so that the collapsed bulk forms a cemented assembly, giving it a certain self-stabilizing ability, creating a safe environment for the mining of the ore body next to the collapsed bulk, and the grouting liquid will not flow disorderly, avoiding the problem of large-scale slurry leakage. At the same time, by dividing the middle section of the ore body into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit, limiting the mining sequence and mining and filling with a diamond-shaped stope structure, a stable inverted triangle structure is first formed, which provides a diagonal support for the collapsed bulk of the upper plate, improving the safety of the mining of the lower mining unit; and after the mining and filling of the lower mining unit, a support of a regular triangle structure is formed, which forms a complete support assembly with the diagonal support of the inverted triangle structure, providing a safe space for the mining of the next middle section. Compared with the mining method of reserving pillars in the prior art, the mining method of the present application has a high recovery rate and will not cause ore loss, solving the problems of difficulty in recovering ore bodies next to collapsed scattered bodies in existing mines, poor safety and low recovery rate.

[0016] (2) In the mining method of the present application, the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped stope structure as a unit. After blasting, the diamond-shaped space, i.e., the upper and lower triangular structure, can remain relatively stable to a certain extent; and after filling, a diamond-shaped support body is formed, which avoids damage to the overall stability of the ore body and is conducive to the safe mining of subsequent stopes.

[0017] (3) Different from the traditional arrangement of upward or downward blasting fan-shaped holes, the blasting fan-shaped holes of the present application are oriented toward the front of the tunnel and distributed in all directions. The blasting effect is more stable and less destructive to the rock drilling tunnel. The rock drilling tunnel is only used as a tunnel for drilling blasting fan-shaped holes and can be used directly or after simple repair as a receiving tunnel for the next diamond-shaped stope structure, thereby reducing the amount of engineering work and shortening the mining engineering time.

[0018] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of ore body recovery in the Ⅰ-Ⅰ direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of ore body recovery in the II-II direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ore body recovery in the III-III direction in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in the embodiment of the present application during stope recovery; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in the embodiment of the present application during stope recovery; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in the embodiment of the present application during the stope recovery; Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application during stope recovery; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in the embodiment of the present application during the stope recovery; Fig. 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ⑦ stope recovery in a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 100, middle section; 110, middle section outer vein tunnel; 120, small segment outer vein tunnel; 130, through-vein tunnel; 140, along-vein tunnel; 141, high-strength grouting anchor cable; 150, first rock drilling tunnel; 160, diamond-shaped mining field structure; 161, rock drilling tunnel; 162, mining tunnel; 163, blasting fan-shaped hole; 164, blasting upward fan-shaped hole; 200, collapsed bulk; 300, filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" and "several" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] For the convenience of explanation, the following embodiments take a staggered mining method and its application under pre-support conditions of an embodiment of the present application as an example for explanation.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1~Figure 3 In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps: S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections 100 in the height direction and several sub-sections along the strike of the ore body. The middle section 100 is mined in steps according to the sub-sections; the middle section 100 is further divided into several small sections in the height direction; and the mining project is arranged, including the middle section vein outer roadway 110 and the small section vein outer roadway 120; S2, excavating the vein tunnels 130 of each subarea from the middle section outer vein tunnel 110 and the subsection outer vein tunnel 120 respectively toward the ore body until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk 200, and then excavating several vein tunnels 140 along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk 200; and supporting the entire section of the vein tunnel 140, and at the same time using high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to support from the vein tunnel 140 toward the collapsed bulk 200, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to grout the collapsed bulk 200; S3. In any partition, a first rock drilling tunnel 150 is excavated along the direction of the ore body at the center position of the middle section 100. The first rock drilling tunnel 150 is arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel 130 and communicates with it; the middle section 100 is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first rock drilling tunnel 150; the upper mining unit is a quasi-inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit is a quasi-right triangle structure; the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in a diamond stope structure 160 distributed in an upper and lower staggered manner, and high-strength filling can be carried out after the mining of any diamond stope structure 160 is completed to form a diamond support space; S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like diagonal support is formed on the upper part of the middle section 100. Then the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a regular triangle-like support is formed, which forms a complete combination with the inverted triangle-like diagonal support. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section 100 is completed. The same method is used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0029] The mining method first performs directional pre-support grouting on the collapsed body 200 along the vein tunnel 140, so that the collapsed body 200 forms a cemented assembly, giving it a certain self-stabilizing ability, creating a safe environment for the recovery of the ore body next to the collapsed body 200, and the grouting liquid will not flow disorderly, avoiding the problem of large-scale slurry leakage. At the same time, by dividing the upper recovery unit and the lower recovery unit in the middle section 100 of the ore body, limiting the recovery order and recovering and filling with a diamond-shaped stope structure 160, a stable inverted triangle structure is first formed, providing a diagonal support for the upper plate collapsed body 200, and improving the safety of the lower recovery unit. Compared with the mining method of reserving ore pillars in the prior art, the mining method of the present application has a high recovery rate and will not cause ore loss, solving the problems of difficulty in recovery, poor safety and low recovery rate of the ore body next to the collapsed body in existing mines.

[0030] Further, in some embodiments, in step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined, they are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond stope structure 160 as a unit. In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined with the diamond stope structure 160, a rock drilling tunnel 161 and a receiving tunnel 162 are first excavated along the direction of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnel 161 and the receiving tunnel 162 are both arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel 130 and communicated with it; the receiving tunnel 162 is arranged at the bottom of the diamond stope structure 160, and the rock drilling tunnel 161 is arranged at the edge of the diamond stope structure 160 close to the collapsed bulk 200.

[0031] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped mining field structure 160 as a unit, which will form a diamond-shaped space after blasting, that is, an upper and lower triangular structure, which can maintain relative stability to a certain extent; and a diamond-shaped support body is formed after filling, which avoids damage to the overall stability of the ore body and is conducive to the safe mining of subsequent mining fields.

[0032] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the diamond stope structure 160 is mined, the construction is carried out from the inner wall of the rock drilling tunnel 161 to the surrounding of the ore body in front of the rock drilling tunnel 161; when blasting, the receiving tunnel 162 located at the bottom of the diamond stope structure 160 receives the ore, and the ore is discharged to the small-segmented vein outer tunnel 120 or the middle-segment vein outer tunnel 110 through the vein-penetrating tunnel 130. When the diamond stope structure 160 is filled, a filling retaining wall of the rock drilling tunnel 161 is set, so that the rock drilling tunnel 161 after blasting can continue to be used as the receiving tunnel 162 when the adjacent diamond stope structure 160 distributed in an interlaced manner at the upper part is mined.

[0033] In the technical solution of this embodiment, different from the traditional arrangement of upward or downward blasting fan-shaped holes, the blasting fan-shaped holes 163 are directed to the front of the rock drilling tunnel 161 and are distributed in all directions. The blasting effect is more stable and less destructive to the rock drilling tunnel 161. The rock drilling tunnel 161 is only used as a tunnel for drilling the blasting fan-shaped holes 163, and can be used directly or after simple repair as the receiving tunnel 162 of the next diamond-shaped mining field structure 160, reducing the amount of engineering and shortening the mining engineering time.

[0034] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the number of small segments is an even number, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 is located between two adjacent small segments, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the first diamond mining structure 160 in the upper mining unit, and the vein tunnel 140 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond mining structure 160 close to the collapsed bulk 200; the diamond mining structure 160 is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas respectively located in two adjacent small segments, and the mining height of the diamond mining structure 160 is the height of the two small segments; the rock drilling tunnel 161 and the receiving tunnel 162 are both located between two adjacent small segments.

[0035] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond mining field structure 160 cannot be formed, mining is carried out with a triangular mining field structure, or mining is carried out after retaining the diamond mining field structure 160 to the next middle section.

[0036] In the technical solution of this embodiment, the remaining ore bodies at the upper and lower boundaries of the middle section 100 can be handled flexibly. When mining with a triangular stope structure, only tunnels are excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure to be used as rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore receiving tunnels 162. That is, upward fan-shaped holes 164 are drilled and blasted in the tunnels to remove the ore.

[0037] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S2, when supporting the entire section of the vein tunnel 140, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

[0038] In the technical solution of this embodiment, full-section support is provided for the vein tunnel 140, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the collapsed bulk 200 beside the ore body and avoiding the problem of collapse during blasting mining.

[0039] Secondly, the embodiment of the present application provides an application of an interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions, and the interlaced mining method under pre-support conditions is suitable for the recovery of ore bodies beside collapsed loose bodies 200; this method provides a new idea for the recovery of ore bodies beside collapsed loose bodies, improves the safety of ore recovery, and will not cause waste of ore resources.

[0040] Specific embodiments are listed below. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0041] Example 1 See also Figure 3~Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, comprising the following steps: S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections 100 in the height direction and several sub-sections along the strike of the ore body. The middle section 100 is mined in steps according to the sub-sections; the middle section 100 is further divided into several small sections in the height direction; and the mining project is arranged, including the middle section vein outer roadway 110 and the small section vein outer roadway 120; S2, excavating the vein tunnels 130 of each subarea from the middle section outer vein tunnel 110 and the subsection outer vein tunnel 120 respectively toward the ore body until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk 200, and then excavating several vein tunnels 140 along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk 200; and supporting the entire section of the vein tunnel 140, and at the same time using high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to support from the vein tunnel 140 toward the collapsed bulk 200, and using the high-strength grouting anchor cables 141 to grout the collapsed bulk 200; S3. In any partition, a first rock drilling tunnel 150 is excavated along the direction of the ore body at the center position of the middle section 100. The first rock drilling tunnel 150 is arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel 130 and communicates with it; the middle section 100 is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first rock drilling tunnel 150; the upper mining unit is a quasi-inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit is a quasi-right triangle structure; the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in a diamond stope structure 160 distributed in an upper and lower staggered manner, and after the mining of any diamond stope structure 160 is completed, a high-strength filling body 300 can be filled to form a diamond support space; S4. During mining, priority should be given to the mining of the upper mining unit (such as Figure 3~Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 ), the specific mining sequence of the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 is: ①-②-③-④. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, a diagonal support of an inverted triangle structure is formed at the upper part of the middle section 100; then the lower mining unit is mined and filled (as shown in FIG. Figure 7~Figure 9 As shown), the specific mining sequence of the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 is: ⑤-⑥-⑦. After the mining and filling is completed, a support of a regular triangle structure is formed, which forms a complete combination with the oblique support of an inverted triangle structure. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section 100 is completed; and the same method is used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first rock drilling tunnel 150 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the first diamond-shaped stope structure 160 in the upper mining unit, and the vein tunnel 140 can be used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 of the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 close to the collapsed bulk body 200. For the remaining ore body at the upper boundary of the middle section 100, when mining is carried out in a triangular stope structure (for example, stope ④), only tunnels are excavated at the bottom of the triangular stope structure, which are used as the rock drilling tunnel 161 and the receiving tunnel 162, that is, the tunnels are used to drill and blast upward fan-shaped holes 164, and blast out the ore; the stopes ⑧ and ⑨ at the lower boundary are considered for mining in a unified manner by the lower middle section, that is, mining is carried out when the diamond-shaped stope structure 160 is formed in the next middle section. In addition, although Figure 3~Figure 9The rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 of each diamond-shaped mining structure 160 have been drawn in the figure. However, in the actual mining process of the ore body, the rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 cannot be formed in advance to avoid destroying the rock drilling tunnels 161 and ore-receiving tunnels 162 formed in advance when mining other diamond-shaped mining structures 160, thereby increasing the amount of engineering work.

[0043] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A staggered mining method under pre-support conditions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the ore body to be mined into several middle sections in the height direction and several subsections along the strike of the ore body, and mine the middle section in steps according to the subsections; further divide the middle section into several small sections in the height direction; and arrange the mining project, including the middle section vein outer roadway and the small section vein outer roadway; S2, excavating the vein-penetrating tunnels of each subarea from the middle section outer vein tunnel and the sub-section outer vein tunnel respectively toward the ore body until the excavation reaches the vicinity of the collapsed bulk, and then excavating several vein-penetrating tunnels along the direction of the ore body at a certain distance from the collapsed bulk; and supporting the entire section of the vein-penetrating tunnel, and simultaneously supporting the vein-penetrating tunnel toward the collapsed bulk by using high-strength grouting anchor cables, and injecting grout into the collapsed bulk by using high-strength grouting anchor cables; S3. In any partition, a first rock drilling tunnel is excavated along the direction of the ore body at the center position of the middle section, and the first rock drilling tunnel is arranged perpendicular to the vein tunnel and communicates with it; the middle section is divided into an upper mining unit and a lower mining unit by the first rock drilling tunnel; the upper mining unit is a quasi-inverted triangle structure, and the lower mining unit is a quasi-right triangle structure; the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mined in a diamond stope structure distributed in an upper and lower staggered manner, and high-strength filling can be carried out after the mining of any diamond stope structure is completed to form a diamond support space; S4. During mining, the upper mining unit is mined first. After all the upper mining units are mined and filled, an inverted triangle-like diagonal support is formed on the upper part of the middle section. Then the lower mining unit is mined and filled. After the mining and filling are completed, a regular triangle-like support is formed, which forms a complete combination with the inverted triangle-like diagonal support. At this point, the mining of the ore body in the middle section is completed. The same method is then used to mine the next middle section until the mining of the entire ore body to be mined is completed.

2. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit are mining, they are mined in an alternating manner from bottom to top with the diamond-shaped stope structure as a unit.

3. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before the upper mining unit and the lower mining unit carry out mining in a diamond-shaped mining structure, rock drilling tunnels and ore-receiving tunnels are first excavated along the direction of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnels and ore-receiving tunnels are both arranged perpendicular to the vein-penetrating tunnels and communicated with them; the ore-receiving tunnel is arranged at the bottom of the diamond-shaped mining structure, and the rock drilling tunnel is arranged at the edge of the diamond-shaped mining structure close to the collapsed bulk body.

4. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the diamond-shaped stope structure is mined, fan-shaped holes are constructed from the wall of the rock drilling tunnel to the surrounding areas of the ore body in front of the rock drilling tunnel; when blasting, the receiving tunnel located at the bottom of the diamond-shaped stope structure receives the ore, and the ore is discharged through the vein-penetrating tunnel to the small-segmented vein outer tunnel or the middle-segment vein outer tunnel.

5. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the diamond stope structure is filled, a filling retaining wall of the rock drilling tunnel is set so that the rock drilling tunnel after blasting can continue to be used as a receiving tunnel during mining of the adjacent diamond stope structure distributed in an upper staggered manner.

6. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the small sections is an even number, the first rock drilling tunnel is located between two adjacent small sections, and the first rock drilling tunnel can be used as a rock drilling tunnel of the first diamond stope structure in the upper mining unit.

7. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diamond stope structure is composed of upper and lower triangular structure mining areas respectively located in two adjacent small segments, and the mining height of the diamond stope structure is the height of the two small segments; the rock drilling tunnel and the receiving tunnel are both located between the two adjacent small segments.

8. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: When mining at the upper boundary of the upper mining unit or the lower boundary of the lower mining unit, if a complete diamond stope structure cannot be formed, mining is carried out with a triangular stope structure, or mining is carried out after the next middle section forms a diamond stope structure.

9. The staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when supporting the entire cross section of the vein tunnel, high-strength I-beams are used for dense support.

10. An application of the staggered mining method under pre-support conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The staggered mining method under the pre-support condition is suitable for the recovery of ore bodies beside collapsed loose bodies.

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