Electronic and electrical system, data transmission method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to an electronic and electrical system, a data transmission method and a vehicle. The electronic and electrical system comprises: a data receiving device; the central computing unit is in communication connection with the data receiving device; the area controller is in communication connection with the central computing unit; the vehicle controller is in communication connection with the area controller; wherein in the diagnosis mode, the data receiving device, the central computing unit and the area controller carry out real-time communication, and the central computing unit and the area controller are configured to forward communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller. According to the invention, through abundant communication interfaces of the central computing unit, the central computing unit is in communication connection with the data receiving device and the area controller, so that multi-channel communication data can be acquired. Moreover, the data receiving device is directly communicated with the central computing unit, so that a plurality of OBD ports and intermediate acquisition equipment can be omitted, the steps of system configuration are simplified, and the generation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to an electronic and electrical system, a data transmission method and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology, the automotive industry is developing rapidly towards electronic control, intelligence and networking, and the number of in-vehicle controllers and communication buses are becoming more and more complex. During the vehicle development stage, it is often necessary to obtain the messages of the communication buses of each control to analyze the problem, or to calibrate or diagnose the controller.

[0003] In the related art, multiple OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) ports and vehicle gateways are used to obtain messages from the controlled communication bus. However, during the implementation, there are at least the following problems:

[0004] In order to obtain data from different vehicle systems, multiple additional OBD interfaces need to be arranged on the vehicle. Intermediate acquisition devices (such as data loggers or gateway devices) need to be installed to collect and forward messages on the bus. This causes OEMs to invest additional costs to design and install these acquisition devices, such as hardware costs, software development costs, and maintenance costs. In actual operation, the method of arranging multiple OBD ports and using intermediate acquisition devices requires experimenters to connect multiple devices and perform complex configurations to obtain the required data, which increases the complexity and time cost of the operation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic and electrical system, a data transmission method and a vehicle to solve the problem in the prior art that it is necessary to arrange multiple OBD interfaces on the vehicle and install intermediate acquisition equipment to collect and forward messages on the bus, resulting in complex operation and high cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present application provides an electronic and electrical system, comprising: a data receiving device, a central computing unit, a regional controller and a vehicle controller, wherein the data receiving device, the central computing unit, the regional controller and the vehicle controller can communicate in real time; the electronic and electrical system is configured to implement the following steps: the data receiving device sends a calibration or diagnostic instruction to the central computing unit; the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the regional controller; the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment; the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic instruction and sends a calibration or diagnostic response to the regional controller; the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the central computing unit; the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device; the data receiving device processes the calibration or diagnostic response.

[0008] The electronic and electrical system provided by the present application includes a data receiving device, a central computing unit and a regional controller. The real-time communication among the data receiving device, the central computing unit and the regional controller ensures the rapid and accurate transmission of information inside the vehicle. Among them, the data receiving device communicates directly with the central computing unit, thereby eliminating the need to set up multiple OBD ports and intermediate acquisition devices, thereby simplifying the steps of system configuration and reducing the generation cost. Furthermore, the central computing unit is communicatively connected to the regional controller of the vehicle, and the regional controller is connected to the vehicle controller. The communication data of all vehicle controllers can be collected and the vehicle controller can be diagnosed through the central computing unit and the regional controller.

[0009] The electronic and electrical system of the present application is connected to the data receiving device and the regional controller through the rich communication interface of the central computing unit, thereby being able to collect multi-channel communication data. At the same time, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD harnesses and OBD connectors. Moreover, in the diagnostic mode, the central computing unit and the regional controller can forward the communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller, making fault diagnosis more accurate, and the problem can be quickly located by analyzing these messages, thereby reducing maintenance time and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, through the instruction forwarding and processing flow, the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems can be managed accurately, responded quickly, and communicated efficiently, thereby improving the vehicle's performance, safety, and user satisfaction. At the same time, this structured data processing method also provides strong support for the vehicle's intelligence and automation.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrical system is also configured to implement the following steps: the central computing unit receives the instructions issued by the data receiving device and performs a primary authentication on the instructions issued; the regional controller receives the instructions issued by the central computing unit that have passed the primary authentication, and performs a secondary authentication on the instructions issued; the vehicle controller is used to control the functions of the vehicle according to the instructions issued after the secondary authentication.

[0012] In this technical solution, through two authentications, the system establishes a multi-level security protection mechanism, effectively preventing security threats such as hacker attacks and malware implantation, enhancing security, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The authentication process protects the vehicle's important data and user privacy, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. Double authentication ensures that only legal instructions can be executed, reducing the occurrence of system errors and failures, and improving system reliability. By implementing double authentication on the central computing unit and the regional controller, a safer, more reliable and efficient operating environment is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the safety of passengers.

[0013] Furthermore, the central computing unit receives the instruction issued by the data receiving device and authenticates the instruction once, including: the data receiving device sends a capture mode instruction to the central computing unit, and the central computing unit returns a first random number; the data receiving device obtains the first random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs with the vehicle key, and sends the signature to the central computing unit; the central computing unit verifies and authenticates the signature with the vehicle key, records its authority information, and enables the corresponding authority.

[0014] In this technical solution, by using random numbers and digital signatures, the solution provides security protection, prevents unauthorized access and instruction tampering, and ensures the security of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The use of vehicle keys ensures the security of the authentication process, while the management and control of keys protect the vehicle from unauthorized operations. The signature mechanism ensures the integrity and non-repudiation of transmitted data, and any tampering with the data will cause signature verification failure, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the data. By recording and opening corresponding permissions, the system can flexibly manage permissions according to different operating requirements and security levels, improving the flexibility and scalability of the system. Through random number generation, digital signatures and permission management in a single authentication step, safe, efficient and reliable communication of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems is achieved, providing strong security guarantees for the intelligent operation of the vehicle.

[0015] Furthermore, the steps of the regional controller receiving the issued instruction that has passed the primary authentication of the central computing unit and performing secondary authentication on the issued instruction include: the central computing unit forwards the issued instruction that has passed the primary authentication to the regional controller, and the regional controller returns a second random number; the second random number is forwarded to the data receiving device through the central computing unit; the data receiving device obtains the second random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs the signature using the vehicle key, and forwards the signature to the data receiving device through the central computing unit; the regional controller verifies and authenticates the signature using the vehicle key, records its authority information, and enables the corresponding authority.

[0016] In this embodiment, by implementing double authentication, a double layer of security is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, greatly reducing security risks. The double authentication mechanism makes the system more robust in the face of security threats. Even if one layer of authentication fails, the other layer can still provide protection. The data transmission involved in the entire authentication process is protected by signatures and random numbers, ensuring the security of the data during transmission. By recording and enabling corresponding permissions, system administrators can more effectively manage access rights to the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, improving the management efficiency of the system. This technical solution further strengthens the security of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems through random number generation, digital signatures, and permission management in the secondary authentication step, ensuring the legal, safe, and reliable execution of vehicle functions, and providing a high level of security protection for the vehicle.

[0017] Furthermore, the vehicle controller sends data on the bus in real time; after receiving the data, the regional controller packages the forwarded data according to the content of the forwarding command and the preset packaging rules, and sends the packaged data to the central computing unit; when the central computing unit enables the cache instruction, the packaged data is stored in the local storage space; when the central computing unit receives and implements the forwarding instruction, the packaged data is forwarded to the data receiving device in real time; after receiving the packaged data, the data receiving device performs unpacking operations according to the preset packaging rules and displays it according to the format in the data packet.

[0018] In this technical solution, through the collaborative work between the vehicle controller, regional controller, central computing unit and data receiving device, real-time monitoring, efficient processing and friendly display of vehicle data are achieved, thereby improving the overall performance of the vehicle's electronic and electrical system and user experience.

[0019] Furthermore, the preset packing rules include data header, total length, sequence number, frame type, network segment ID, time information, message ID, message length, message content, and checksum.

[0020] In this technical solution, the accuracy and integrity of data during transmission are ensured through clear field definitions. In addition, data processing is made more efficient and data processing efficiency is optimized by setting a unified data format.

[0021] Furthermore, the communication method between the central computing unit and the data receiving device includes USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet.

[0022] In this technical solution, the communication method between the central computing unit and the data receiving device adopts USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet, realizing direct communication between the central computing unit and the data receiving device. In this way, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD harnesses and OBD connectors.

[0023] Furthermore, the communication method between the zone controller and the vehicle controller includes CAN, CANFD or LIN.

[0024] In this technical solution, there are multiple vehicle controllers, and the multiple vehicle controllers are multi-connected to the vehicle's regional controller through CAN, CANFD, and LIN to achieve multi-channel data collection.

[0025] Furthermore, the communication method between the regional controller and the central computing unit includes Ethernet.

[0026] In this technical solution, Ethernet can provide a higher data transmission rate, meeting the high real-time requirements of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. In addition, it enhances the stability and reliability of communication and ensures the normal operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems.

[0027] The present application also proposes a data transmission method, which is applied to the electronic and electrical system as described in any of the above technical solutions. The data transmission method includes: receiving calibration or diagnostic instructions issued by a data receiving device; forwarding the calibration or diagnostic instructions to a regional controller, and the regional controller forwarding the calibration or diagnostic instructions to a vehicle controller in a corresponding network segment, so that the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic instructions and sends a calibration or diagnostic response to the regional controller; receiving the calibration or diagnostic response forwarded by the regional controller, and forwarding the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device.

[0028] The data transmission method provided by the present application is connected to the data receiving device and the regional controller through the rich communication interface of the central computing unit, so as to collect multi-channel communication data. At the same time, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD wiring harnesses and OBD connectors. In addition, in the diagnostic mode, the central computing unit and the regional controller can forward the communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller, making fault diagnosis more accurate, and the problem can be quickly located by analyzing these messages, thereby reducing maintenance time and improving maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, through the instruction forwarding and processing flow, accurate management, rapid response and efficient communication of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are achieved, thereby improving the performance, safety and user satisfaction of the vehicle. At the same time, this structured data processing method also provides strong support for the intelligence and automation of vehicles.

[0029] Furthermore, the data transmission method also includes: receiving instructions from a data receiving device and performing a primary authentication on the instructions; sending the instructions that pass the primary authentication to a regional controller so that the regional controller can perform a secondary authentication on the instructions; and controlling the functions of the vehicle according to the instructions that pass the secondary authentication.

[0030] In this technical solution, through two authentications, the system establishes a multi-level security protection mechanism, effectively preventing security threats such as hacker attacks and malware implantation, enhancing security, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The authentication process protects the vehicle's important data and user privacy, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. Double authentication ensures that only legal instructions can be executed, reducing the occurrence of system errors and failures, and improving system reliability. By implementing double authentication on the central computing unit and the regional controller, a safer, more reliable and efficient operating environment is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the safety of passengers.

[0031] The present application also proposes a vehicle, comprising: a vehicle body; and an electronic and electrical system as described in any of the above technical solutions, wherein the electronic and electrical system is arranged on the vehicle body.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] (1) The data receiving device communicates directly with the central computing unit, thereby eliminating the need to set up multiple OBD ports and intermediate acquisition devices, thereby simplifying the system configuration steps and reducing the production cost.

[0034] (2) In the diagnostic mode, the central computing unit and the regional controller can forward the communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller, making fault diagnosis more accurate. The problem can be quickly located by analyzing these messages, thereby reducing maintenance time and improving maintenance efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic and electrical system of a vehicle of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a diagnostic calibration controller for an electronic and electrical system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the flow chart of command downlink processing of the electronic and electrical system provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the process flow of security authentication of the electronic and electrical system provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the data uplink process of the electronic and electrical system provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the data transmission method provided by the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 100 electrical and electronic systems;

[0043] 110 data receiving device; 120 central computing unit; 130 area controller; 140 vehicle controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0046] The present application provides an electronic and electrical system, combined with Figure 1As shown, the electronic and electrical system includes: a data receiving device, a central computing unit, a regional controller and a vehicle controller. The central computing unit is connected to the data receiving device in communication. The regional controller is connected to the central computing unit in communication. The vehicle controller is connected to the regional controller in communication. In the diagnostic mode, the data receiving device, the central computing unit and the regional controller communicate in real time, and the central computing unit and the regional controller are configured to forward the communication message between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller. The electrical and electrical system is configured to implement the following steps: the data receiving device sends a calibration or diagnostic instruction to the central computing unit; the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the regional controller; the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment; the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic instruction and sends a calibration or diagnostic response to the regional controller; the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the central computing unit; the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device; the data receiving device processes the calibration or diagnostic response.

[0047] The electronic and electrical system provided by the present application ensures the rapid and accurate transmission of information inside the vehicle through real-time communication between the data receiving device, the central computing unit and the regional controller. Among them, the data receiving device communicates directly with the central computing unit, thereby eliminating the need to set up multiple OBD ports and intermediate acquisition devices, thereby simplifying the steps of system configuration and reducing the generation cost. Furthermore, the central computing unit is connected to the regional controller of the vehicle in communication, and the regional controller is connected to the vehicle controller. In addition, the communication data of all vehicle controllers can be collected and the vehicle controller can be diagnosed through the central computing unit and the regional controller.

[0048] The electronic and electrical system of the present application is connected to the data receiving device and the regional controller through the rich communication interface of the central computing unit, so as to collect multi-channel communication data. At the same time, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD wiring harnesses and OBD connectors. In addition, in the diagnostic mode, the central computing unit and the regional controller can forward the communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller, making fault diagnosis more accurate, and the problem can be quickly located by analyzing these messages, thereby reducing maintenance time and improving maintenance efficiency. Through instruction forwarding and processing procedures, accurate management, rapid response and efficient communication of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are achieved, thereby improving the performance, safety and user satisfaction of the vehicle. At the same time, this structured data processing method also provides strong support for the intelligence and automation of vehicles.

[0049] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 2 As shown, the steps of the central computing unit and the regional controller being configured to forward the communication message between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller include:

[0050] S201, the data receiving device sends a calibration or diagnosis instruction to the central computing unit.

[0051] S202, the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnosis instruction to the regional controller.

[0052] S203, the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnosis instruction to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment.

[0053] S204, the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnosis instruction and sends a calibration or diagnosis response to the regional controller.

[0054] S205, the regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the central computing unit.

[0055] S206, the central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device.

[0056] S207, the data receiving device processes the calibration or diagnosis response.

[0057] In this embodiment, the data receiving device issues instructions, which realizes the centralized management of the vehicle's electronic and electrical system. The central computing unit can quickly distribute the instructions to the corresponding regional controllers, thereby improving the efficiency of instruction transmission. The instructions are forwarded to the regional controllers through the central computing unit, which realizes the distributed processing of tasks and reduces the burden of the central computing unit. The regional controller can perform local processing according to the received instructions, thereby improving the system's response speed to different parts of the vehicle. The regional controller manages the vehicle controllers of a specific network segment, thereby realizing the segmentation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical system, which is convenient for management and maintenance. The instructions are sent directly to the target network segment, which reduces unnecessary network communications and improves communication efficiency. After receiving the instructions, the vehicle controller can process and feedback the results in real time, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of the system. Through the diagnostic response of the vehicle controller, the system fault can be quickly located, providing a direct basis for maintenance. The regional controller sends the responses of each vehicle controller to the central computing unit, and the central computing unit can monitor the health status of the entire vehicle through the collected response data. The central computing unit aggregates the data of all regional controllers and feeds them back to the data receiving device, and the data receiving device can provide a user interface based on these response data to facilitate users to understand the vehicle status. The data receiving device processes the response data and provides decision support for users or maintenance personnel, such as fault warnings, maintenance suggestions, etc. Through the processed information, a more user-friendly interface and interactive experience can be provided to improve user satisfaction.

[0058] The present disclosure realizes accurate management, rapid response and efficient communication of vehicle electronic and electrical systems through instruction forwarding and processing flow, thereby improving vehicle performance, safety and user satisfaction. At the same time, this structured data processing method also provides strong support for vehicle intelligence and automation.

[0059] Optionally, the central computing unit receives the instructions issued by the data receiving device and performs a primary authentication on the instructions issued. The regional controller receives the instructions issued by the central computing unit after the primary authentication, and performs a secondary authentication on the instructions issued. The vehicle controller is used to control the functions of the vehicle according to the instructions issued after the secondary authentication.

[0060] In this embodiment, by performing a primary authentication in the central computing unit, the primary authentication can serve as the first line of defense to filter out invalid or malicious instructions, ensure the effective use of system resources, ensure the legitimacy of the issued instructions, prevent unauthorized instructions from interfering with the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, and enhance the security of the system. The regional controller receives the issued instructions that have passed the primary authentication of the central computing unit, and performs a secondary authentication on the issued instructions. The secondary authentication provides an additional security layer for the execution of instructions. Even if the primary authentication is bypassed, the secondary authentication can prevent potential security threats. The regional controller performs a secondary authentication, so that the security mechanism is distributed at all levels of the system, improving the overall security of the system. Only instructions that have been confirmed by two authentications will be executed by the vehicle controller, ensuring the precise control of vehicle functions and avoiding misoperation. Through the authentication mechanism, system instability or functional abnormalities caused by erroneous instructions are reduced, and the stability and reliability of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are improved.

[0061] Through two authentications, the system has established a multi-level security protection mechanism, effectively preventing security threats such as hacker attacks and malware implantation, enhancing security, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The authentication process protects the vehicle's important data and user privacy, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. Double authentication ensures that only legal instructions can be executed, reducing the occurrence of system errors and failures, and improving system reliability. By implementing double authentication on the central computing unit and the regional controller, a safer, more reliable and efficient operating environment is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the safety of passengers.

[0062] Optionally, the step of the central computing unit receiving the instruction issued by the data receiving device and authenticating the instruction once includes the data receiving device issuing a capture mode instruction to the central computing unit, and the central computing unit returning a first random number. The data receiving device obtains the first random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs the vehicle key, and sends the signature to the central computing unit. The central computing unit verifies and authenticates the signature using the vehicle key, records its authority information, and opens the corresponding authority.

[0063] In this embodiment, a secure communication channel is established between the data receiving device and the central computing unit by issuing a capture mode instruction and receiving a random number. The use of random numbers can prevent attackers from attacking by replaying old instructions, because each authentication requires a different random number. The integrity and authenticity of the transmitted data are ensured through the signing process to prevent the data from being tampered with during transmission. The use of the vehicle key for signing ensures that the authentication process is related to a specific vehicle, increasing the pertinence of the authentication. The central computing unit confirms the legitimacy of the instruction by verifying the signature, and only legal instructions will be further processed. Recording permission information and enabling corresponding permissions realizes the refined management of the operating permissions of the data receiving device, ensuring that only operations with corresponding permissions can be executed.

[0064] By using random numbers and digital signatures, the solution provides security protection, prevents unauthorized access and instruction tampering, and ensures the security of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The use of vehicle keys ensures the security of the authentication process, while the management and control of keys protect the vehicle from unauthorized operations. The signature mechanism ensures the integrity and non-repudiation of transmitted data. Any tampering with the data will cause the signature verification to fail, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the data. By recording and opening corresponding permissions, the system can flexibly manage permissions according to different operating requirements and security levels, improving the flexibility and scalability of the system. Through random number generation, digital signatures and permission management in a single authentication step, safe, efficient and reliable communication of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems is achieved, providing strong security protection for the intelligent operation of the vehicle.

[0065] Optionally, the step of the regional controller receiving the instruction issued after the central computing unit has passed the primary authentication and performing secondary authentication on the instruction issued includes: the central computing unit forwards the instruction issued after the primary authentication to the regional controller, and the regional controller returns a second random number. The second random number is forwarded to the data receiving device through the central computing unit. The data receiving device obtains the second random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs the information using the vehicle key, and forwards the signature to the data receiving device through the central computing unit. The regional controller verifies and authenticates the signature using the vehicle key, records its authority information, and enables the corresponding authority.

[0066] In this embodiment, by performing secondary authentication at the regional controller layer, multi-level security verification is implemented to increase the security of the system, ensuring that even if the central computing unit is compromised, the attacker cannot directly control the vehicle. The use of a second random number further enhances the uncertainty of the authentication process, making each authentication unique and improving security. The signing process protects the integrity and authenticity of the transmitted data, ensuring that the issued instructions are not tampered with during the transmission process. The use of the vehicle key for signing ensures that the operation is bound to the identity of a specific vehicle, improving the pertinence of the authentication. The regional controller verifies the signature and records the permission information to achieve fine permission control of the vehicle function, thereby improving the security and reliability of the system. Only instructions confirmed by secondary authentication will be executed, effectively preventing potential threats to the vehicle system from unauthorized operations.

[0067] By implementing double authentication, a double layer of security is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, greatly reducing security risks. The double authentication mechanism makes the system more robust in the face of security threats. Even if one layer of authentication fails, the other layer can still provide protection. The data transmission involved in the entire authentication process is protected by signatures and random numbers, ensuring the security of data during transmission. By recording and enabling corresponding permissions, system administrators can more effectively manage access rights to the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, improving system management efficiency. This technical solution further strengthens the security of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems through random number generation, digital signatures, and permission management in the secondary authentication step, ensuring the legal, safe, and reliable execution of vehicle functions, and providing a high level of security protection for the vehicle.

[0068] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the command downlink processing flow chart includes the following steps:

[0069] S301, after the user inputs a command on the data receiving device, the command is sent to the central computing unit through the current connection channel (USB / Wifi / Bluetooth / Ethernet).

[0070] S302, the central computing unit receives the instruction issued by the data receiving device and authenticates the instruction. If the instruction is illegal, it is discarded. If the instruction is legal, it goes to the next step.

[0071] In this step, the issuing instruction that passes the authentication proceeds to S303, while the issuing instruction that fails the authentication is directly discarded.

[0072] S303, the central computing unit determines that if the current instruction is a command of its own, it executes the instruction. If it is a command of the vehicle zone controller, it forwards the instruction to the vehicle zone controller.

[0073] S304, the regional controller receives the instruction issued by the central computing unit after the primary authentication, and performs secondary authentication on the instruction issued. If the instruction is illegal, it is discarded. If the instruction is legal, it is executed.

[0074] In this step, the issuing instruction that passes the secondary authentication proceeds to S305, while the issuing instruction that fails the authentication is directly discarded.

[0075] S305, the vehicle controller is used to control the functions of the vehicle according to the instructions issued after the secondary authentication is passed.

[0076] In this embodiment, through two authentications, the system establishes a multi-level security protection mechanism, effectively preventing security threats such as hacker attacks and malware implantation, enhancing security, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The authentication process protects the vehicle's important data and user privacy, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. Double authentication ensures that only legal instructions can be executed, reduces the occurrence of system errors and failures, and improves the reliability of the system. By implementing double authentication on the central computing unit and the regional controller, a safer, more reliable and efficient operating environment is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the safety of passengers.

[0077] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 4 As shown, the security authentication process includes the following steps:

[0078] S401, the data receiving device sends a capture mode instruction to the central computing unit, and the central computing unit returns a first random number.

[0079] S402, the data receiving device obtains the first random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs them using the vehicle key, and sends the signature to the central computing unit.

[0080] S403, the central computing unit uses the vehicle key to verify and authenticate the signature, records its permission information, and enables the corresponding permission.

[0081] If the authentication is passed, the permission information will be recorded and the corresponding permission will be enabled. If the authentication is not passed, it will be discarded directly.

[0082] S404, the central computing unit forwards the instruction issued after one authentication to the regional controller, and the regional controller returns a second random number.

[0083] S405: forwarding the second random number to the data receiving device through the central computing unit.

[0084] S406, the data receiving device obtains the second random number, vehicle information and authority information, signs with the vehicle key, and forwards the signature to the data receiving device through the central computing unit.

[0085] S407, the regional controller uses the vehicle key to verify and authenticate the signature, records its permission information, and enables the corresponding permission.

[0086] If the authentication is passed, the permission information will be recorded and the corresponding permission will be enabled. If the authentication is not passed, it will be discarded directly.

[0087] In this embodiment, by implementing dual authentication, a double layer of security is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical system, greatly reducing security risks. The dual authentication mechanism makes the system more robust in the face of security threats. Even if one layer of authentication fails, the other layer can still provide protection. The data transmission involved in the entire authentication process is protected by signatures and random numbers, ensuring the security of data during transmission. By recording and opening corresponding permissions, system administrators can more effectively manage the access rights of the vehicle's electronic and electrical system, improving the management efficiency of the system.

[0088] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 5 , the data uplink flow chart includes the following steps:

[0089] S501, the vehicle controller sends data on the bus in real time.

[0090] S502, after receiving the data, the regional controller packages the forwarded data according to the forwarding command content and the preset packaging rules, and sends the packaged data to the central computing unit.

[0091] S503: When the central computing unit enables the cache instruction, the packaged data is stored in the local storage space.

[0092] S504, when the central computing unit receives and implements the forwarding instruction, it forwards the packaged data to the data receiving device in real time.

[0093] S505, after receiving the packaged data, the data receiving device performs an unpacking operation according to a preset packing rule and displays it according to the format in the data packet.

[0094] In this embodiment, the vehicle controller sends data in real time, ensuring real-time monitoring of the vehicle status and providing the possibility for timely response and diagnosis. After receiving the data, the regional controller packages the forwarded data according to the content of the forwarding command and the preset packaging rules. Through the packaging rules, the data is organized into a unified format, which is convenient for transmission and processing, and improves the readability of the data and the compatibility of the system. As the core of data processing, the central computing unit can centrally process the data from each regional controller, improving the consistency and efficiency of data processing. When the central computing unit enables the cache instruction, the packaged data is stored in the local storage space, which facilitates subsequent analysis and processing, especially when historical data is required for analysis. When the central computing unit receives the implementation of the forwarding instruction, the packaged data is forwarded to the data receiving device in real time, so that the data receiving device can obtain the vehicle status in time, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios that require rapid response. The unpacking operation restores the packaged data to the original format, which is convenient for users or maintenance personnel to understand and analyze. Display according to the format in the data packet provides an intuitive user interface and improves the user experience.

[0095] Through the preset packing and unpacking rules, the data processing process is optimized, which improves the data processing efficiency of the entire system. The unified data packaging and forwarding mechanism reduces errors in data transmission and enhances the stability of the system. Real-time data transmission and intuitive display interface provide users with a better interactive experience, allowing users to obtain vehicle information more conveniently. Unified data processing rules and formats facilitate system maintenance and upgrades, reducing system compatibility issues.

[0096] Optionally, the preset packing rules include data header, total length, sequence number, frame type, network segment ID, time information, message ID, message length, message content, and checksum.

[0097] In this embodiment, the accuracy and integrity of data during transmission are ensured through clear field definitions, and data processing is made more efficient and optimized by setting a unified data format.

[0098] Optionally, the communication method between the central computing unit and the data receiving device includes USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet.

[0099] In this embodiment, the communication method between the central computing unit and the data receiving device adopts USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet, so that direct communication between the central computing unit and the data receiving device is realized. In this way, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD harnesses and OBD connectors.

[0100] Optionally, the communication method between the zone controller and the vehicle controller includes CAN, CANFD or LIN.

[0101] In this embodiment, there are multiple vehicle controllers, and the multiple vehicle controllers are multi-connected to the vehicle's regional controller via CAN, CANFD, and LIN to achieve multi-channel data collection.

[0102] Optionally, the communication method between the regional controller and the central computing unit includes Ethernet.

[0103] In this embodiment, Ethernet can provide a relatively high data transmission rate, meeting the high real-time requirements of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, and enhancing the stability and reliability of communication, thus ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems.

[0104] In some embodiments, there are multiple vehicle controllers (ECU, Electronic Control Unit) to enable control of different functions of the vehicle, such as engine management, braking system, air conditioning, etc. There are multiple vehicle regional controllers (VIU, Vehicle Interface Unit) to achieve centralized control of vehicle controllers in different areas of the vehicle. The vehicle's regional controller is connected to the vehicle controller via CAN, CANFD, and LIN, and is responsible for receiving messages on each CAN, CANFD, and LIN bus, and packaging and transmitting data to the central computing unit according to the received instructions. The central computing unit is the vehicle's central computing unit, which is connected to the vehicle's regional controller via Ethernet, and can be connected to a data receiving device via USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet, and is responsible for receiving, forwarding, and storing upstream data from the regional controller.

[0105] The data receiving device includes a computer or mobile device, which is responsible for user input, issuing instructions, receiving, processing, storing, and displaying the vehicle's upstream data. The data receiving device directly establishes a communication connection with the central computing unit, and the communication method includes but is not limited to USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet.

[0106] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 6 As shown, the present application also proposes a data transmission method, which is applied to the electronic and electrical system as described in any of the above technical solutions, and the data transmission method includes:

[0107] S601, receiving a calibration or diagnosis instruction issued by a data receiving device;

[0108] S602, forwarding the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the regional controller, the regional controller forwarding the calibration or diagnostic instruction to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment, so that the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic instruction and sends a calibration or diagnostic response to the regional controller;

[0109] S603, the receiving area controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response, and forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device.

[0110] The data transmission method provided by the present application is connected to the data receiving device and the regional controller through the rich communication interface of the central computing unit, so as to collect multi-channel communication data. At the same time, no additional intermediate forwarding equipment is required, so that the vehicle can reduce the connection of OBD wiring harnesses and OBD connectors. In addition, in the diagnostic mode, the central computing unit and the regional controller can forward the communication messages between the data receiving device and the vehicle controller, making fault diagnosis more accurate, and the problem can be quickly located by analyzing these messages, thereby reducing maintenance time and improving maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, through the instruction forwarding and processing flow, accurate management, rapid response and efficient communication of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are achieved, thereby improving the performance, safety and user satisfaction of the vehicle. At the same time, this structured data processing method also provides strong support for the intelligence and automation of vehicles.

[0111] Furthermore, the data transmission method also includes: receiving instructions from a data receiving device and performing a primary authentication on the instructions; sending the instructions that pass the primary authentication to a regional controller so that the regional controller can perform a secondary authentication on the instructions; and controlling the functions of the vehicle according to the instructions that pass the secondary authentication.

[0112] In this embodiment, through two authentications, the system establishes a multi-level security protection mechanism, effectively preventing security threats such as hacker attacks and malware implantation, enhancing security, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems. The authentication process protects the vehicle's important data and user privacy, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. Double authentication ensures that only legal instructions can be executed, reduces the occurrence of system errors and failures, and improves the reliability of the system. By implementing double authentication on the central computing unit and the regional controller, a safer, more reliable and efficient operating environment is provided for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the safety of passengers.

[0113] The present application also proposes a vehicle, comprising: a vehicle body and an electronic and electrical system as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the electronic and electrical system is arranged in the vehicle body.

[0114] The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a vehicle body and an electronic and electrical system of any of the above embodiments. Therefore, all the beneficial effects of the above electronic and electrical systems are achieved, which will not be described in detail here.

[0115] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic and electrical system, characterized in that: include: The data receiving device, the central computing unit, the regional controller and the vehicle controller are capable of real-time communication; the electrical system is configured to implement the following steps: The data receiving device sends calibration or diagnostic instructions to the central computing unit; The central computing unit forwards calibration or diagnostic instructions to the regional controllers; The regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic instructions to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment; The vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic command and sends the calibration or diagnostic response to the zone controller; The regional controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the central computing unit; The central computing unit forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device; The data receiving device processes the calibration or diagnostic response.

2. The electronic and electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical system is also configured to implement the following steps: The central computing unit receives the instruction issued by the data receiving device and authenticates the instruction once; The regional controller receives the instructions issued by the central computing unit after the primary authentication, and performs secondary authentication on the instructions issued; The vehicle controller is used to control the vehicle's functions according to the instructions issued after the secondary authentication is passed.

3. The electronic and electrical system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of the central computing unit receiving the instruction issued by the data receiving device and performing an authentication on the instruction issued include: The data receiving device sends a capture mode instruction to the central computing unit, and the central computing unit returns a first random number; The data receiving device obtains the first random number, the vehicle information and the authority information, signs the vehicle key, and sends the signature to the central computing unit; The central computing unit uses the vehicle key to verify and authenticate the signature, record its permission information, and enable the corresponding permissions.

4. The electronic and electrical system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of the regional controller receiving the instruction issued by the central computing unit after the primary authentication and performing secondary authentication on the instruction issued include: The central computing unit forwards the instruction issued after one authentication to the regional controller, and the regional controller returns the second random number; forwarding the second random number to the data receiving device via the central computing unit; The data receiving device obtains the second random number, the vehicle information and the authority information, signs the vehicle key, and forwards the signature to the data receiving device via the central computing unit; The regional controller uses the vehicle key to verify and authenticate the signature, record its permission information, and enable the corresponding permissions.

5. The electronic and electrical system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The electrical system is also configured to implement the following steps: The vehicle controller sends data on the bus in real time; After receiving the data, the regional controller packages the forwarded data according to the content of the forwarding command and the preset packaging rules, and sends the packaged data to the central computing unit; When the central computing unit enables the cache instruction, the packaged data is stored in the local storage space; When the central computing unit receives and implements the forwarding instruction, the packaged data is forwarded to the data receiving device in real time; After receiving the packaged data, the data receiving device performs unpacking operation according to the preset packing rules and displays it according to the format in the data packet.

6. The electronic and electrical system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preset packaging rules include data header, total length, sequence number, frame type, network segment ID, time information, message ID, message length, message content, and checksum.

7. The electronic and electrical system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The communication method between the central computing unit and the data receiving device includes USB, Wifi, Bluetooth or Ethernet; and / or The communication method between the zone controller and the vehicle controller includes CAN, CANFD or LIN; and / or The communication method between the regional controller and the central computing unit includes Ethernet.

8. A data transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to the electronic and electrical system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the data transmission method comprises: receiving calibration or diagnostic instructions issued by a data receiving device; forwarding the calibration or diagnostic command to the regional controller, and the regional controller forwarding the calibration or diagnostic command to the vehicle controller of the corresponding network segment, so that the vehicle controller processes the calibration or diagnostic command and sends the calibration or diagnostic response to the regional controller; The receiving zone controller forwards the calibration or diagnostic response and forwards the calibration or diagnostic response to the data receiving device.

9. The data transmission method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Receive the instruction issued by the data receiving device, and authenticate the instruction issued; Send the issued instruction that has passed the primary authentication to the regional controller, so that the regional controller can perform secondary authentication on the issued instruction; The vehicle functions are controlled based on the instructions issued after the secondary authentication is passed.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: Vehicle body; and The electrical and electronic system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrical and electronic system is provided in a vehicle body.

Images