Rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of space planning, and discloses an ArcGIS-based rural space construction suitability evaluation method, which comprises six steps of data collection and preprocessing, spatial data analysis, evaluation factor selection and scoring, evaluation index weight determination, construction suitability evaluation analysis and visual display. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system and combining a spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software, quantitative evaluation is performed on factors such as land resources, water resources, geological disasters and location advantages, weights are determined by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, and finally a construction suitability evaluation result is obtained. The method overcomes the defects that a traditional evaluation method is high in subjectivity and low in efficiency, improves the scientificity and accuracy of evaluation, provides reliable decision support for rural planning, and has remarkable practical value. The evaluation result is visually displayed in the form of a thematic map, a three-dimensional model and the like, and the suitability distribution condition of rural space construction is visually presented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of space planning, and in particular to an ArcGIS-based rural space construction suitability evaluation method. Background Art

[0002] Rural space construction faces many challenges. How to scientifically and rationally plan and utilize rural space resources has become a key issue that needs to be solved. Traditional rural space planning methods mainly rely on expert experience and manual judgment, which have problems such as strong subjectivity, low efficiency, and insufficient precision. It is difficult to adapt to the needs of refined planning for rural development in the new era.

[0003] As a powerful geographic information system software, ArcGIS has multiple functions such as spatial analysis, data processing, and visualization, providing a new technical means for the study of suitability of rural space construction. In recent years, some studies have attempted to apply ArcGIS to rural space evaluation, such as land suitability evaluation and ecological sensitivity analysis. However, most of these studies focus on a single aspect of evaluation, lacking a comprehensive evaluation system that considers multiple factors such as natural conditions, social economy, ecological environment, and land use. In addition, existing studies also have certain limitations in the selection of evaluation indicators, weight determination, and spatial data analysis methods, making it difficult to meet the requirements of rural space construction planning for scientificity, objectivity, and practicality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive, efficient, and accurate rural space construction suitability evaluation method to provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for rural planning. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of strong subjectivity, low efficiency and poor accuracy in existing rural space planning, and provide a rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system and combining the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software, a comprehensive, objective and accurate evaluation of the suitability of rural space construction can be achieved, providing a scientific basis and decision-making support for rural planning.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS, comprising: 1. A rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS, characterized in that it comprises:

[0007] Data collection and preprocessing: Collect data related to rural space construction, including topographic data, land use data, socio-economic data, and ecological environment data, process the remote sensing data and DEM data in a unified geographic coordinate system, establish an ArcGIS basic database, and preprocess the data in the database, including format conversion, coordinate unification, missing value processing, and outlier correction;

[0008] Spatial data analysis: Using the spatial analysis function in ArcGIS software, we can analyze the topography and geomorphology of rural space, the distribution of land use types, the road traffic network, and the center of social and economic activities, and obtain the basic spatial characteristic data of rural space;

[0009] Selection and scoring of evaluation factors: Based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, land resources, water resources, geological hazards and location advantages are selected as evaluation factors, and the variables in each factor are scored;

[0010] Determination of evaluation index weights: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of each evaluation factor, and the composite weights are calculated by constructing a judgment matrix, combining expert scoring opinions and the Delphi method;

[0011] Construction suitability evaluation and analysis: Using the 3DAnalyst tool of ArcGIS software, the evaluation factor data is rasterized and the land construction suitability value is calculated by weighted summation;

[0012] Visual display: Using the visualization function of ArcGIS software, the results of the rural space construction suitability evaluation are visualized in the form of thematic maps, three-dimensional models, etc.

[0013] Furthermore, the spatial data analysis includes:

[0014] Use DEM data to calculate terrain slope and generate slope classification map;

[0015] Analyze the spatial distribution of land use types;

[0016] Construct a road traffic network model and analyze the connectivity of the traffic network;

[0017] Determine the spatial distribution characteristics of centers of socio-economic activity.

[0018] Furthermore, the scoring rule of the evaluation factor is a 5-point system, wherein suitable is 5 points, relatively suitable is 4 points, moderately suitable is 3 points, relatively unsuitable is 2 points, and unsuitable is 0-1 point.

[0019] Furthermore, the scoring of the water resource factor is based on the classification of the total amount of water resources, and the scoring rules are: total amount of water resources ≥ 500,000 m³ / km² is 5 points, 200,000-500,000 m³ / km² is 4 points, 100,000-200,000 m³ / km² is 3 points, 50,000-100,000 m³ / km² is 2 points, and <50,000 m³ / km² is 1 point.

[0020] Furthermore, the scoring of the geological hazard factor includes earthquake hazard and geological hazard susceptibility, wherein:

[0021] The earthquake hazard rating is based on the distance to the active fault, and the rating rules are: 5 points for 400 meters away from the fault on one side, 3 points for 200-400 meters, 2 points for 100-200 meters, and 1 point for within 100 meters;

[0022] The geological disaster susceptibility score is based on the cumulative settlement of ground subsidence or the annual settlement rate. The scoring rules are: 5 points for cumulative settlement <200mm or settlement rate <10mm / a, 3 points for cumulative settlement 200-800mm or settlement rate 10-30mm / a, 2 points for cumulative settlement 800-1600mm or settlement rate 30-50mm / a, and 1 point for cumulative settlement >1600mm or settlement rate >50mm / a.

[0023] Furthermore, the scoring of the location advantage factor includes accessibility to transportation trunk lines, accessibility to the central urban area and accessibility to transportation hubs, among which:

[0024] The accessibility score of traffic arteries is based on the distance to traffic arteries. The scoring rules are: 5 points for distance to a first-class highway ≤ 3 km, 4 points for 3 km < distance ≤ 6 km, and 1 point for distance > 6 km;

[0025] The accessibility score of the central urban area is based on the driving time. The scoring rules are: driving time ≤ 30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 4 points, 60-90 minutes is 3 points, 90-120 minutes is 2 points, and >120 minutes is 1 point;

[0026] The accessibility score of transportation hubs is based on driving time, and the scoring rules are: driving time ≤30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 3 points, and >60 minutes is 0 points.

[0027] Furthermore, in the construction suitability evaluation and analysis step, the formula is used: The suitability value is calculated, where Q represents construction suitability, An represents the weight of the nth factor, Pn represents the single factor score of the spatial unit relative to the nth factor, and k is the number of participating factors.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] The present invention constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system, combines the spatial analysis and data processing functions of ArcGIS software, and conducts a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the suitability of rural space construction. Starting from multiple dimensions such as natural conditions, social economy, ecological environment and land use, the present invention overcomes the limitations of traditional single evaluation methods and significantly improves the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation. At the same time, by utilizing the automation capabilities of ArcGIS, the present invention reduces the subjectivity caused by manual intervention, greatly improves the evaluation efficiency and accuracy, and meets the needs of rural planning in the new era for efficiency and refinement. In addition, the evaluation results are presented in intuitive forms such as thematic maps and three-dimensional models through visualization technology, which provides a scientific basis and reliable decision-making support for rural planning, thereby effectively improving the rationality and practicality of the planning, and promoting the process of urban-rural integration and the sustainable development of rural construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1: Data collection and preprocessing: First, collect data related to rural space construction, including but not limited to topographic data, land use data, socio-economic data, ecological environment data, etc. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Process remote sensing data and digital elevation model (DEM) data in a unified geographic coordinate system and establish ArcGIS basic database;

[0035] Through field research, county and village annals and statistical yearbooks, we can obtain specific data on the natural, social, cultural and economic aspects of the village;

[0036] Preprocess the data, including format conversion, coordinate unification, missing value processing and outlier processing, to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data;

[0037] S2: Spatial data analysis: Use the spatial analysis function in ArcGIS software to conduct multi-dimensional analysis of rural space, including:

[0038] Topographic analysis: Based on DEM data, analyze the terrain slope and geomorphic characteristics in the area;

[0039] Land use type distribution analysis: Evaluate the distribution of different land use types;

[0040] Road traffic network analysis: Analyze the distribution and accessibility of road traffic networks in rural areas;

[0041] Analysis of socio-economic activity centres: Identification of socio-economic activity centres within rural areas and their sphere of influence;

[0042] S3: Selection of evaluation factors: Based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, select evaluation factors related to the suitability of rural space construction and score each factor, including the following:

[0043] Land Resources: Calculate terrain slope using DEM, data or measured elevation data and score according to the following criteria:

[0044] Slope ≤3°: 5 points;

[0045] Slope 3-8°: 4 points;

[0046] Slope 8-15°: 3 points;

[0047] Slope 15-25°: 2 points;

[0048] Slope > 25°: 1 point;

[0049] Water resources: Water resources are classified according to the total amount of water resources (including surface water and groundwater). The scoring criteria are as follows:

[0050] Total water resources ≥ 500,000 m³ / km²: 5 points;

[0051] Total water resources 200,000-500,000 m³ / km²: 4 points;

[0052] Total water resources 100,000-200,000 m³ / km²: 3 points;

[0053] Total water resources 50,000-100,000 m³ / km²: 2 points;

[0054] Total water resources <50,000 m³ / km²: 1 point;

[0055] Geological hazards: including earthquake hazard score and address disaster susceptibility score, including:

[0056] Earthquake hazard: According to the active fault distribution map, the hazard is graded according to the distance from the active fault. The scoring standard is: 5 points if the distance is 400 meters on one side of the fault, 3 points if it is 200-400 meters, 2 points if it is 100-200 meters, and 1 point if it is within 100 meters.

[0057] Susceptibility to geological disasters: Based on the accumulated settlement amount or annual settlement rate of ground subsidence, the classification is carried out, and the scoring standard is: 5 points for accumulated settlement amount <200mm or settlement rate <10mm / a, 3 points for accumulated settlement amount 200-800mm or settlement rate 10-30mm / a, 2 points for accumulated settlement amount 800-1600mm or settlement rate 30-50mm / a, and 1 point for accumulated settlement amount >1600mm or settlement rate >50mm / a.

[0058] Location advantages: including accessibility to transportation trunk lines, accessibility to the central urban area and accessibility to transportation hubs, including:

[0059] The accessibility score of traffic arteries is based on the distance to traffic arteries. The scoring rules are: 5 points for distance to a first-class highway ≤ 3 km, 4 points for 3 km < distance ≤ 6 km, and 1 point for distance > 6 km;

[0060] The accessibility score of the central urban area is based on the driving time. The scoring rules are: driving time ≤ 30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 4 points, 60-90 minutes is 3 points, 90-120 minutes is 2 points, and >120 minutes is 1 point;

[0061] The accessibility score of transportation hubs is based on driving time, and the scoring rules are: driving time ≤30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 3 points, and >60 minutes is 0 points.

[0062] S4: Determination of evaluation index weights: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of the evaluation factors for the suitability of rural space construction. The specific steps are as follows:

[0063] Construct a hierarchical analysis model to clarify the objectives of rural land construction suitability evaluation.

[0064] By consulting relevant literature, combining expert scoring opinions and the Delphi method, a judgment matrix was constructed.

[0065] Calculate the composite weight to get the weight distribution of each evaluation factor. The following is an example of weight:

[0066] Land resources: 0.3

[0067] Water resources: 0.2

[0068] Geological disasters: 0.2

[0069] Location advantage: 0.3

[0070] S5: Construction suitability evaluation analysis: Use the 3DAnalyst tool of ArcGIS software to evaluate the suitability of rural space. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] Add each evaluation factor in step S3 to ArcGIS to obtain the initial conditions of all elements;

[0072] Perform rasterization operation on each indicator element in the initial condition to generate intermediate raster data;

[0073] According to the type of evaluation index, the element raster data of the same or similar type are weighted summed to obtain the final element index;

[0074] According to different types of factor indicators and input weights, the land construction suitability value of the study area is calculated using the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula: Q represents construction suitability; An represents the weight of the nth factor; Pn is the single factor score of the spatial unit relative to the nth factor; k is the number of factors involved in the evaluation. The larger the Q value, the better the construction suitability. The scoring results are graded as follows:

[0077] Q value 4-5: suitable

[0078] Q value 3-4: more suitable

[0079] Q value 2-3: moderately suitable

[0080] Q value 1-2: less suitable

[0081] Q value 0-1: unsuitable

[0082] S6: Visualization display: Use the visualization function of ArcGIS software to visualize the results of rural space construction suitability evaluation, including:

[0083] Produce thematic maps to visually display the distribution of rural space construction suitability;

[0084] Construct a three-dimensional model to show the spatial distribution characteristics of rural space construction suitability;

[0085] The suitability levels and their corresponding RGB color values ​​are clearly defined through legends and color annotations:

[0086] Suitable: RGB(189,4,38)

[0087] More suitable: RGB (235, 157, 147)

[0088] Medium: RGB(251,218,213)

[0089] Less suitable: RGB(255,250,194)

[0090] Unsuitable: RGB(218,235,193)

[0091] Through the above steps, a comprehensive, objective and accurate evaluation of the suitability of rural space construction can be achieved, providing a scientific basis for rural planning.

Claims

1. A rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS, characterized in that: include: Data collection and preprocessing: Collect data related to rural space construction, including topographic data, land use data, socio-economic data, and ecological environment data, process the remote sensing data and DEM data in a unified geographic coordinate system, establish an ArcGIS basic database, and preprocess the data in the database, including format conversion, coordinate unification, missing value processing, and outlier correction; Spatial data analysis: Using the spatial analysis function in ArcGIS software, we can analyze the topography and geomorphology of rural space, the distribution of land use types, the road traffic network, and the center of social and economic activities, and obtain the basic spatial characteristic data of rural space; Selection and scoring of evaluation factors: Based on the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, land resources, water resources, geological hazards and location advantages are selected as evaluation factors, and the variables in each factor are scored; Determination of evaluation index weights: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of each evaluation factor, and the composite weights are calculated by constructing a judgment matrix, combining expert scoring opinions and the Delphi method; Construction suitability evaluation and analysis: Using the 3DAnalyst tool of ArcGIS software, the evaluation factor data is rasterized and the land construction suitability value is calculated by weighted summation; Visual display: Using the visualization function of ArcGIS software, the results of the rural space construction suitability evaluation are visualized in the form of thematic maps, three-dimensional models, etc.

2. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spatial data analysis includes: Use DEM data to calculate terrain slope and generate slope classification map; Analyze the spatial distribution of land use types; Construct a road traffic network model and analyze the connectivity of the traffic network; Determine the spatial distribution characteristics of centers of socio-economic activity.

3. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The scoring rule of the evaluation factor is a 5-point system, wherein suitable is 5 points, relatively suitable is 4 points, moderately suitable is 3 points, relatively unsuitable is 2 points, and unsuitable is 0-1 point.

4. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The scoring of the water resource factor is based on the classification of the total amount of water resources, and the scoring rules are: total amount of water resources ≥ 500,000 m³ / km² is 5 points, 200,000-500,000 m³ / km² is 4 points, 100,000-200,000 m³ / km² is 3 points, 50,000-100,000 m³ / km² is 2 points, and <50,000 m³ / km² is 1 point.

5. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The scoring of the geological hazard factor includes earthquake hazard and geological hazard susceptibility, among which: The earthquake hazard rating is based on the distance to the active fault, and the rating rules are: 5 points if the distance is more than 400 meters on one side of the fault, 3 points if it is 200-400 meters, 2 points if it is 100-200 meters, and 1 point if it is within 100 meters; The geological disaster susceptibility score is based on the cumulative settlement of ground subsidence or the annual settlement rate. The scoring rules are: 5 points for cumulative settlement <200mm or settlement rate <10mm / a, 3 points for cumulative settlement 200-800mm or settlement rate 10-30mm / a, 2 points for cumulative settlement 800-1600mm or settlement rate 30-50mm / a, and 1 point for cumulative settlement >1600mm or settlement rate >50mm / a.

6. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The location advantage factor scores include accessibility to transportation trunk lines, accessibility to the central urban area, and accessibility to transportation hubs, among which: The accessibility score of traffic arteries is based on the distance to traffic arteries. The scoring rules are as follows: 5 points for distance to a first-class highway ≤ 3 km, 4 points for 3 km < distance ≤ 6 km, and 1 point for distance > 6 km; The accessibility score of the central urban area is based on the driving time. The scoring rules are: driving time ≤ 30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 4 points, 60-90 minutes is 3 points, 90-120 minutes is 2 points, and >120 minutes is 1 point; The accessibility score of transportation hubs is based on driving time, and the scoring rules are: driving time ≤30 minutes is 5 points, 30-60 minutes is 3 points, and >60 minutes is 0 points.

7. The rural space construction suitability evaluation method based on ArcGIS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the construction suitability evaluation analysis step, the formula is used: The suitability value is calculated, where Q represents construction suitability, An represents the weight of the nth factor, Pn represents the single factor score of the spatial unit relative to the nth factor, and k is the number of participating factors.

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