Emergency method and system for processing thermal runaway of energy storage power station

Abstract

The invention discloses an emergency method and system for processing thermal runaway of an energy storage power station, and the system comprises a data collection module which is used for collecting the environment data of a battery box in the energy storage power station and the environment data of each battery pack in real time; the intelligent judgment and research module is used for judging the thermal runaway development stage of the current power station according to the battery box environment data and the battery pack environment data and outputting a corresponding emergency level instruction according to the thermal runaway development stage; the control module is used for generating corresponding emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instruction; and the emergency execution module is used for executing corresponding emergency processing operation according to the emergency control instruction and the emergency control parameters. Emergency measures can be intelligently converted according to monitoring of the energy storage power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of emergency technology for energy storage power stations, and in particular to an emergency method and system for handling thermal runaway of energy storage power stations. Background Art

[0002] Energy storage technology is an important means to meet the large-scale intervention of renewable energy, and is also an important part of the distributed energy system and electric vehicle industry. It has the advantages of high efficiency, good dynamic characteristics, high service life, and almost no influence from terrain, and is widely used in energy storage power stations, battery swap stations and other scenarios. Due to the activity of the energy storage battery electrode and the instability of the electrolyte, during use, such as short circuit in the external circuit of the energy storage battery; short circuit in the internal material of the energy storage battery; overcharging; mechanical damage caused by impact or extrusion of the energy storage battery, etc., the energy storage battery will be triggered to have thermal runaway, and chemical reactions between its internal materials will release heat, causing fire or explosion accidents, which will seriously affect the safety performance of the energy storage power station.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of multifunctional integrated energy station projects for oil, gas, hydrogen and charging and swapping stations, scholars have paid attention to how to efficiently achieve emergency fire safety of the integrated system, maintain long-term, stable and low-cost operation of the battery system, and ensure that refueling, gas filling, charging and swapping stations and energy storage stations do not affect each other in the event of a fire.

[0004] The existing emergency response system generally has problems such as excessive emergency response and untimely emergency response. Excessive or improper emergency response of energy storage stations and energy conversion stations connected with gas stations can easily cause the entire business to be closed, which is extremely harmful. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate, proper and correct emergency response procedures so that gas stations, charging and swapping stations and energy storage stations do not affect each other in the event of a fire.

[0005] The existing emergency response plan for energy storage battery fire is to store the energy storage battery in a sealed storage station. When a fire occurs in the energy storage battery, water injection will be used to carry out fire control inside the energy storage station. For example: using a water pump to quickly extract water from the water tank to quickly immerse the battery and cool the battery; using a spraying method to quickly cool the flammable parts of the battery; using an inert gas / heptafluoropropane spray method to extinguish the fire; using a liquid nitrogen spray method to instantly freeze the battery and extinguish the fire source. It cannot effectively control the thermal runaway of the battery pack of the energy storage battery in a timely manner, resulting in a large amount of heat generated by the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery, which will quickly spread to the adjacent energy storage batteries, that is, it is difficult to contain the spread of thermal runaway of the battery pack, and there is still a high risk of causing a fire in the battery pack.

[0006] In summary, in view of the current problem of untimely or excessive emergency response in the event of thermal runaway in energy storage power stations, the existing technology urgently needs to develop a solution that can adjust emergency measures in real time according to the development stage of thermal runaway in energy storage power stations, so as to meet the emergency needs of energy storage power stations at different stages. It can reduce the probability of thermal runaway in energy storage power stations, reduce the loss of batteries caused by excessive emergency response, and ensure the safety of batteries to the greatest extent. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem of excessive emergency response or untimely emergency response in current energy storage power stations, and to propose a technical solution that can adaptively adjust the emergency level and corresponding treatment measures according to the development stage of thermal runaway of batteries in the energy storage power station.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station, including: a data acquisition module, which is used to collect real-time environmental data of the battery box and the environmental data of each battery pack in the energy storage power station; an intelligent judgment module, which is used to judge the thermal runaway development stage of the current power station according to the battery box environmental data and the battery pack environmental data, and output a corresponding emergency level instruction according to the thermal runaway development stage, and the thermal runaway development stage includes battery pack no runaway, battery pack early thermal runaway, electrical early thermal runaway, single cell thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage; a control module, which is used to generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instructions; an emergency execution module, which is used to perform corresponding emergency processing operations according to the emergency control instructions and the emergency control parameters, and the emergency processing operations include but are not limited to local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

[0009] Preferably, the battery box environmental data includes but is not limited to: the temperature inside the battery box, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration, and the battery pack environmental data includes but is not limited to: battery pack temperature and battery pack voltage.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent analysis module uses the following expression to judge different thermal runaway stages:

[0011] Q=A×BΔT n1 ×MC H2 n2 ×PC CO n3 ×Et n4

[0012] Where ΔT represents the temperature change of the battery pack, C H2 represents the H2 concentration, C COrepresents CO concentration, t represents abnormal duration, A, B, M, P, E represent constant coefficients respectively, n1, n2, n3, n4 represent exponential coefficients respectively, Q represents indicators of different thermal runaway stages, wherein Q is rounded and the value range of Q is 1 to 5, 1 represents that the battery pack is not out of control, 2 represents the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, 3 represents the early stage of electrical thermal runaway, 4 represents thermal runaway of the single battery, and 5 represents thermal runaway fire linkage.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent judgment module is also used to generate corresponding emergency level instructions according to the following judgment strategy: judging whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches the first change level according to the battery pack temperature change characteristics; if so, the battery pack is currently in the non-out-of-control stage, and the first level emergency level instruction corresponding to the battery pack is output; judging whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches the second change level according to the battery pack temperature change characteristics; if so, the battery pack is currently in the early stage of thermal runaway, and the second level emergency level instruction corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway is output, wherein the second change level is higher than the first change level; judging whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box reaches the corresponding first level threshold according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box; if so, the battery pack is currently in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway. , output the third level emergency level instruction corresponding to the early stage of the electrical thermal runaway; according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, judge whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box reaches the corresponding second level threshold value, if so, it is currently in the single cell thermal runaway stage, and output the fourth level emergency level instruction corresponding to the single cell thermal runaway stage, wherein each second level threshold value is higher than each first level threshold value; according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, judge whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box reaches the corresponding third level threshold value, if so, it is currently in the thermal runaway fire linkage stage, and output the fifth level emergency level instruction corresponding to the thermal runaway fire linkage stage, wherein each third level threshold value is higher than each second level threshold value.

[0014] Preferably, when the difference between the real-time battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches the first temperature range, the first level emergency stage is started, and the first temperature range is 10-30K; when the difference between the real-time battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches the second temperature range, and the current temperature difference exceeds the preset first time period, the second level emergency stage is started, the second temperature range is 30-90K, and the preset first time period is 20-60s; when the real-time CO concentration reaches the first CO concentration threshold range or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the first H2 concentration threshold range or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the first smoke concentration threshold range or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the first box temperature threshold, and any of the foregoing abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the third level emergency stage is started, the first CO concentration threshold range is 100-200ppm, the first H2 concentration threshold range is 100-400ppm, the first smoke concentration threshold range is 10-15ppm, the first box temperature threshold is 60-70℃, and the preset abnormal condition time threshold is 5-15s; when the real-time CO concentration reaches the second CO concentration threshold range, the first H2 concentration threshold range is 100-400ppm, the first smoke concentration threshold range is 10-15ppm, the first box temperature threshold is 60-70℃, and the preset abnormal condition time threshold is 5-15s. When the CO concentration reaches the third CO concentration threshold range or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the second H2 concentration threshold range or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the second smoke concentration threshold range or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the second box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fourth level emergency stage is initiated, the second CO concentration threshold range is 200-400ppm, the second H2 concentration threshold range is 400-1000ppm, the second smoke concentration threshold range is 15-20ppm, and the second box temperature threshold is 70-85℃; when the real-time CO concentration reaches the third CO concentration threshold range or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the third H2 concentration threshold range or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the third smoke concentration threshold range or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the third box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fifth level emergency stage is initiated, the third CO concentration threshold range is 400-600ppm, the third H2 concentration threshold range is 1000-1600ppm, the third smoke concentration threshold range is 20-30ppm, and the third box temperature threshold is 85-95℃.

[0015] Preferably, when the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage, a first-level emergency level instruction including increasing the current sampling frequency is output, so that the control module feeds back the new sampling frequency parameter to the data acquisition module after obtaining the first-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module does not perform the corresponding operation under the action of the first-level emergency level instruction; when the battery pack is currently in an early stage of thermal runaway, a second-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the second-level emergency stage is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module after obtaining the second-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module covers the abnormal temperature battery pack with refrigerant according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the second-level emergency level instruction; when the battery pack is currently in an early stage of electrical thermal runaway, a third-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the third-level emergency stage is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the third-level emergency level instruction. The emergency control parameters are obtained and sent to the emergency execution module, so that the emergency execution module, under the action of the third-level emergency level instruction, performs local cooling on the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters; when the single battery is currently in the thermal runaway stage, a fourth-level emergency level instruction including starting local fire extinguishing is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fourth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, so that the emergency execution module, under the action of the fourth-level emergency level instruction, performs local fire extinguishing on the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters; when the thermal runaway fire linkage stage is currently in the stage, a fifth-level emergency level instruction including starting global fire extinguishing is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fifth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, so that the emergency execution module, under the action of the fifth-level emergency level instruction, performs global fire extinguishing on the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters.

[0016] Preferably, the emergency control parameters include but are not limited to: the injection flow rate, injection angle, injection duration and injection position of the refrigerant or fire extinguishing agent.

[0017] Preferably, the intelligent judgment module is also used to output an alarm signal of a level corresponding to the thermal runaway development stage.

[0018] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes: a battery management system configured for each battery pack, which is used to obtain the battery pack environmental data of each battery pack; an H2 concentration online analyzer arranged inside the battery box; a CO concentration online analyzer arranged inside the battery box; a plurality of temperature detectors arranged at different positions inside the battery box; and a plurality of smoke detectors arranged at different positions inside the battery box.

[0019] Preferably, the emergency execution module is connected to the first atomizing nozzle, the second atomizing nozzle of each battery pack and the fire extinguishing nozzle of the battery box, wherein each first atomizing nozzle is installed at the windward position of the back side of each battery pack shell, so that the emergency execution module controls the injection rate of the refrigerant at the designated atomizing nozzle to complete local cooling, and the refrigerant is liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen; each second atomizing nozzle is installed at the windward position of the back side of each battery pack shell, so that the emergency execution module controls the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent at the designated atomizing nozzle to complete local fire extinguishing, and the fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone or a mixture of perfluorohexanone and heptafluoropropane; the fire extinguishing nozzle is arranged on the top of the battery container, so that the emergency execution module controls the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent at the fire extinguishing nozzle to complete global fire extinguishing.

[0020] Preferably, the emergency system further comprises: an alarm device arranged inside the battery box, the alarm device being used to respond to the alarm signals of levels corresponding to different stages of thermal runaway development.

[0021] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an emergency method for handling thermal runaway in an energy storage power station, wherein the emergency method is implemented using the emergency system as described above, wherein the emergency method includes: real-time collection of environmental data of the battery box and the environmental data of each battery pack in the energy storage power station; judging the thermal runaway development stage of the current power station according to the battery box environmental data and the battery pack environmental data, and outputting corresponding emergency level instructions according to the thermal runaway development stage, wherein the thermal runaway development stage includes battery pack non-runaway, early thermal runaway of battery pack, early electrical thermal runaway, thermal runaway of single cell, and thermal runaway fire linkage; generating corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instructions; performing corresponding emergency processing operations according to the emergency control instructions and the emergency control parameters, wherein the emergency processing operations include but are not limited to local cooling, local fire extinguishing, and global fire extinguishing.

[0022] Preferably, the emergency method further comprises: outputting an alarm signal of a level corresponding to the development stage of the thermal runaway.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the above scheme may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention proposes an emergency method and system for handling thermal runaway in an energy storage power station. The present invention improves the problem of excessive emergency response or untimely emergency response when thermal runaway occurs in an energy storage power station in traditional technologies. Through comprehensive analysis of multiple real-time parameters, the emergency level can be adjusted in real time according to the development stage of thermal runaway in the energy storage power station, and corresponding emergency handling operations can be performed according to the actual needs. In this way, the present invention can reduce the probability of thermal runaway in an energy storage power station, and can also reduce the loss of batteries caused by excessive emergency response.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is an example flow chart of the first example of intelligent analysis and five-level emergency response in an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an example flow chart of the second example of intelligent analysis and four-level emergency response in the emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 This is an example flow chart of the third example of intelligent analysis and three-level emergency response in the emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of applying refrigerant on the propagation of thermal runaway in an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the steps of an emergency method for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will describe the implementation methods of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the implementation process of how the present invention applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the various features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] In addition, the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions. Also, although a logical sequence is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a sequence different from that here.

[0035] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "one" and "item" used herein are also intended to include plural numbers. It should also be understood that the terms "include" and / or "comprise" used herein specify the existence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, units and / or components, without excluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, units, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] Energy storage technology is an important means to meet the large-scale intervention of renewable energy, and is also an important part of the distributed energy system and electric vehicle industry. It has the advantages of high efficiency, good dynamic characteristics, high service life, and almost no influence from terrain, and is widely used in energy storage power stations, battery swap stations and other scenarios. Due to the activity of the energy storage battery electrode and the instability of the electrolyte, during use, such as short circuit in the external circuit of the energy storage battery; short circuit in the internal material of the energy storage battery; overcharging; mechanical damage caused by impact or extrusion of the energy storage battery, etc., the energy storage battery will be triggered to have thermal runaway, and chemical reactions between its internal materials will release heat, causing fire or explosion accidents, which will seriously affect the safety performance of the energy storage power station.

[0037] In recent years, with the development of multifunctional integrated energy station projects for oil, gas, hydrogen and charging and swapping stations, scholars have paid attention to how to efficiently achieve emergency fire safety of the integrated system, maintain long-term, stable and low-cost operation of the battery system, and ensure that refueling, gas filling, charging and swapping stations and energy storage stations do not affect each other in the event of a fire.

[0038] The existing emergency response system generally has problems such as excessive emergency response and untimely emergency response. Excessive or improper emergency response of energy storage stations and energy conversion stations connected with gas stations can easily cause the entire business to be closed, which is extremely harmful. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate, proper and correct emergency response procedures so that gas stations, charging and swapping stations and energy storage stations do not affect each other in the event of a fire.

[0039] The existing emergency response plan for energy storage battery fire is to store the energy storage battery in a sealed storage station. When a fire occurs in the energy storage battery, water injection will be used to carry out fire control inside the energy storage station. For example: using a water pump to quickly extract water from the water tank to quickly immerse the battery and cool the battery; using a spraying method to quickly cool the flammable parts of the battery; using an inert gas / heptafluoropropane spray method to extinguish the fire; using a liquid nitrogen spray method to instantly freeze the battery and extinguish the fire source. It cannot effectively control the thermal runaway of the battery pack of the energy storage battery in a timely manner, resulting in a large amount of heat generated by the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery, which will quickly spread to the adjacent energy storage batteries, that is, it is difficult to contain the spread of thermal runaway of the battery pack, and there is still a high risk of causing a fire in the battery pack.

[0040] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an emergency method and system for handling thermal runaway of energy storage power stations. The method and system use a variety of analysis and judgment strategies to determine whether the battery pack in the energy storage power station is in thermal runaway, and then perform local cooling, local fire extinguishing and other operations, and determine whether there is a fire in the energy storage battery container, so as to timely and effectively control the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery pack of the energy storage battery. In addition, the present invention can take timely and effective emergency response measures to fires generated in the battery pack, meeting the emergency needs of different levels of energy storage power stations.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides an emergency system (also referred to as an "emergency system") for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station. The system uses multiple modules to predict the development stage of thermal runaway of the energy storage power station, thereby meeting the emergency needs of different levels of the energy storage power station.

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the emergency system described in the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes: a data acquisition module 10, an intelligent analysis module 20, a control module 30, and an emergency execution module 40. The data acquisition module 10 is used to collect the environmental data of the battery box and the environmental data of each battery pack in the energy storage power station in real time. The intelligent analysis module 20 is used to determine the thermal runaway development stage of the current power station according to the environmental data of the battery box and the environmental data of each battery pack, and output the corresponding emergency level instructions according to the thermal runaway development stage. Among them, the thermal runaway development stages include: battery pack not out of control, battery pack early thermal runaway, electrical early thermal runaway, single cell thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage.

[0044] The control module 30 is used to generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instructions. The emergency execution module 40 is used to perform corresponding emergency handling operations according to the emergency level instructions and emergency control parameters. Among them, the emergency handling operations include but are not limited to: local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

[0045] In this way, the emergency system described in the embodiment of the present invention can jointly complete the emergency disposal under thermal runaway of the energy storage power station through the linkage of multiple modules.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the battery box environmental data collected by the data acquisition module 10 includes but is not limited to: the temperature inside the battery box, the smoke concentration, the H2 concentration and the CO concentration. Each battery pack corresponds to a set of battery pack environmental data. Each set of battery pack environmental data includes but is not limited to: the battery pack temperature and the battery pack voltage. The data acquisition module 10 transmits the collected battery box environmental data and the environmental data of each battery pack to the intelligent analysis module 20 in real time, and the intelligent analysis module 20 adjusts the output emergency level instructions in real time according to the received environmental data information, thereby preventing excessive emergency response or untimely emergency response during the emergency process.

[0047] In one embodiment, the data acquisition module 10 includes, but is not limited to: multiple battery management systems 11, H2 concentration online analyzers 12, CO concentration online analyzers 13, multiple temperature detectors 14, and multiple smoke detectors 15, to realize the collection of battery box environmental data and battery pack environmental data of the energy storage power station. Specifically, each battery pack is configured with a corresponding battery management system 11, and each battery management system 11 is used to obtain the battery pack environmental data of each battery pack. The H2 concentration online analyzer 12 is arranged inside the battery box to detect the real-time H2 concentration data inside the battery box in real time. And the CO concentration online analyzer 13 is arranged inside the battery box to detect the real-time CO concentration data inside the battery box in real time.

[0048] A plurality of temperature detectors 14 are arranged at different positions inside the battery box for real-time detection of the real-time temperature of the corresponding positions inside the battery box. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, temperature detection includes temperature detection inside the battery pack and temperature detection of the battery box. Battery box temperature detection is to install the temperature detector on the top of the container in a ceiling-mounted manner, while the battery pack internal detection module is integrated into the battery management system 11.

[0049] A plurality of smoke detectors 15 are arranged at different positions inside the battery box, and are used to detect the smoke concentration at corresponding positions inside the battery box in real time. In the embodiment of the present invention, the smoke detector 15 used is a point-type smoke detector, which can be integrated with one or more of the H2 and CO concentration online analyzers and the battery box temperature detector, or can be independently configured and installed on the top of the container in a ceiling-mounted manner.

[0050] Different measuring devices are installed in the battery boxes and battery packs of the energy storage power station to form an all-round monitoring of the energy storage power station, so that the various development stages of thermal runaway of the energy storage power station can be detected, so that the emergency system can take different emergency treatment measures according to the different development stages of thermal runaway of the energy storage power station.

[0051] The intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to determine the current thermal runaway development stage according to the received battery box environmental data and each battery pack environmental data according to the following analysis strategy after receiving the environmental data, thereby generating corresponding emergency level instructions.

[0052] In one embodiment, the intelligent analysis module 20 uses the following expression to judge different thermal runaway stages:

[0053] Q=A×BΔT n1 ×MC H2 n2 ×PC CO n3 ×Et n4

[0054] Where ΔT represents the temperature change of the battery pack, C H2 represents the H2 concentration, C CO Represents CO concentration, t represents abnormal duration, A, B, M, P, E represent constant coefficients respectively, n1, n2, n3, n4 represent exponential coefficients respectively, and Q represents indicators of different thermal runaway stages. When determining different thermal runaway stages, Q is rounded and the value range of Q is 1 to 5. Among them, 1 represents that the battery pack is not out of control, 2 represents the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, 3 represents the early stage of electrical thermal runaway, 4 represents thermal runaway of the single cell, and 5 represents thermal runaway fire linkage. It should be noted that the above constant coefficients A, B, M, and P are obtained through a large number of experimental inductions, and the value range is 0 to 10000.

[0055] In the first embodiment, the intelligent judgment module 20 determines whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches the first change level according to the battery pack temperature change characteristics. If it reaches the first change level, the battery pack is currently in the non-out-of-control stage. At this time, the intelligent judgment module 20 outputs an emergency handling level instruction corresponding to the current battery pack non-out-of-control stage.

[0056] Specifically, when the difference between the battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches a first temperature range, the first level emergency stage is initiated, wherein the first temperature range is 10-30K.

[0057] In the second embodiment, the intelligent judgment module 20 will judge whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches the second change level according to the battery pack temperature change characteristics. If it reaches the second change level, the battery pack is currently in the early stage of thermal runaway. At this time, the intelligent judgment module 20 outputs an emergency handling level instruction corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway of the current battery pack. The second change level is higher than the first change level.

[0058] Specifically, when the difference between the real-time battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches the second temperature range, and the current temperature difference exceeds the value and reaches the preset first time period, the second level emergency stage is activated. The second temperature range is 30-90K, and the preset first time period is 20-60s.

[0059] In the third embodiment, the intelligent judgment module 20 determines whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding first level threshold value according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box. If so, the current state is in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway. At this time, the intelligent judgment module 20 outputs an emergency handling level instruction corresponding to the current early stage of electrical thermal runaway.

[0060] Specifically, when the real-time CO concentration reaches the first CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the first H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the first smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the first box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the third level emergency stage is initiated. Among them, the first CO concentration threshold range is 100-200ppm, the first H2 concentration threshold range is 100-400ppm, the first smoke concentration threshold range is 10-15ppm, the first box temperature threshold is 60-70℃, and the preset abnormal condition time threshold is 5-15s.

[0061] In the fourth embodiment, the intelligent judgment module 20 will judge whether the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding second-level threshold value according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box. If so, the battery is currently in the thermal runaway stage. At this time, the intelligent judgment module 20 outputs the emergency handling level instruction corresponding to the current thermal runaway stage of the battery. Among them, each second-level threshold value is higher than each first-level threshold value.

[0062] Specifically, when the real-time CO concentration reaches the second CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the second H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the second smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the second box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fourth level emergency stage is activated. Among them, the second CO concentration threshold range is 200-400ppm, the second H2 concentration threshold range is 400-1000ppm, the second smoke concentration threshold range is 15-20ppm, and the second box temperature threshold is 70-85℃.

[0063] In the fifth embodiment, the intelligent analysis module 20 will determine whether the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding third-level threshold value according to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box. If so, it is currently in the thermal runaway fire linkage stage. At this time, the intelligent analysis module 20 outputs the emergency response level instruction corresponding to the current thermal runaway fire linkage stage. Among them, each third-level threshold value is higher than each second-level threshold value.

[0064] Specifically, when the real-time CO concentration reaches the third CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the third H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the third smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the third box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fifth level emergency stage is activated. Among them, the third CO concentration threshold range is 400-600ppm, the third H2 concentration threshold range is 1000-1600ppm, the third smoke concentration threshold range is 20-30ppm, and the third box temperature threshold is 85-95℃.

[0065] In addition, the above emergency system also includes: an alarm device 50 arranged inside the battery box. The intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output an alarm signal of a level matching the thermal runaway development stage (and each level of emergency stage). The alarm device 50 is used to respond to alarm signals of levels corresponding to different thermal runaway development stages.

[0066] When the control module 30 receives the emergency level instruction output by the intelligent analysis module 20, it generates corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency disposal level corresponding to the current emergency level instruction. Among them, the emergency control parameters include but are not limited to: the injection flow rate, injection angle, injection duration and injection position of the refrigerant or fire extinguishing agent. Specifically, the emergency execution module 40 will complete the emergency handling operation together according to the received emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters.

[0067] In addition, the emergency execution module 40 is connected to various types of nozzles to achieve different levels of emergency handling operations. Specifically, the emergency execution module 40 is connected to the first atomizing nozzle 41 of each battery pack, the second atomizing nozzle 42 of each battery pack and the fire extinguishing nozzle 43 of the battery box to complete emergency handling operations such as cooling and fire extinguishing.

[0068] Furthermore, each battery pack is configured with a corresponding first atomizing nozzle 41. Each first atomizing nozzle 41 is installed at the windward position on the back of each battery pack housing, so that the emergency execution module 40 controls the injection rate of the refrigerant at the specified atomizing nozzle to complete local cooling. In an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen.

[0069] Furthermore, each battery pack is correspondingly configured with a corresponding second atomizing nozzle 42. Each second atomizing nozzle 42 is installed at the windward position on the back of each battery pack housing, so that the emergency execution module 40 controls the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent at the designated atomizing nozzle to complete local fire extinguishing. In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone or a mixture of perfluorohexanone and heptafluoropropane.

[0070] The fire extinguishing nozzle 43 is arranged on the top of the battery container so that the emergency execution module 40 can control the spraying rate of the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing nozzle to complete the overall fire extinguishing.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] Based on the emergency system provided in the first embodiment above, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific embodiment of various disposal measures.

[0073] The emergency system divides the current thermal runaway development stage of the power station into: battery pack not out of control, early stage of battery pack thermal runaway, early stage of electrical thermal runaway, single cell thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage according to the collected battery box environment data and battery pack environment data. According to the different thermal runaway development stages of the thermal power station, the emergency system performs different emergency treatment operations according to the actual situation, including but not limited to: local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

[0074] Local cooling is to spray the refrigerant directly into the battery pack. The battery pack customized atomizing nozzle is installed at the air inlet position on the back of each battery pack shell to control the injection rate of the refrigerant.

[0075] Local fire extinguishing is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly into the battery pack. The customized atomizing nozzle of the battery pack is installed at the air inlet position on the back of each battery pack shell to control the injection rate of the refrigerant. The atomizing nozzle of the fire extinguishing agent can also be installed on the top of the energy storage battery container to control the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0076] Global fire extinguishing is to install the atomizing nozzle of the fire extinguishing agent on the top of the energy storage battery container to control the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0077] The intelligent analysis module 20 determines the development stage of thermal runaway of the current power station based on the collected battery box environmental data and multiple groups of battery pack environmental data, and then outputs corresponding emergency level instructions.

[0078] Embodiment 3

[0079] Based on the emergency response systems provided in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific embodiment combining five emergency response stages with five emergency response levels.

[0080] Figure 2 This is an example flow chart of the first example of intelligent analysis and five-level emergency response in an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station in an embodiment of the present application.

[0081] Since the intelligent judgment module 20 is used to judge the current thermal runaway development stage according to the battery box environmental data and multiple battery pack environmental data, and output the five-level emergency level instruction corresponding to the current thermal runaway development stage, the control module 30 will generate the corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the current emergency level instruction to control the current emergency handling operation; at the same time, the emergency execution module 40 will execute the current emergency handling operation.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, in the first example, the intelligent analysis module 20 determines whether the current temperature change of each battery pack reaches the first change level based on the temperature change characteristics of the current battery pack. If the temperature change level of a battery pack reaches the first change level, the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage, and a first-level emergency level instruction including increasing the current sampling frequency is output, so that after obtaining the first-level emergency level instruction, the control module 30 feeds back the new sampling frequency parameters to the data acquisition module 10, and the emergency execution module 40 does not perform corresponding operations (for example: does not output alarm information to the outside) under the action of the first-level emergency level instruction.

[0083] In the second example, the intelligent analysis module 20 determines whether the current temperature change of each battery pack reaches the second change level based on the temperature change characteristics of the current battery pack. If the temperature change level of a battery pack reaches the second change level, the battery pack is currently in the early stage of thermal runaway, and a second-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the second-level emergency stage is output, so that after obtaining the second-level emergency level instruction, the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40, and the emergency execution module 40 starts local cooling according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the second-level emergency level instruction, so as to cover the abnormal temperature battery pack with refrigerant.

[0084] In the third example, the intelligent analysis module 20 determines whether the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding first-level threshold value based on the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the current battery box. If the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding first-level threshold value, it is currently in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway (also known as the "early smoldering stage of electrical fire", or "electrolyte leakage accident", or "early stage of thermal runaway accident"). At this time, the intelligent analysis module 20 outputs a third-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the third-level emergency stage, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the third-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module 40 performs local cooling on the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the third-level emergency level instruction.

[0085] In the fourth example, the intelligent analysis module 20 determines whether the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding second-level threshold value based on the current temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box. If the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding second-level threshold value, the single cell is currently in thermal runaway. At this time, the intelligent analysis module 20 outputs a fourth-level emergency level instruction including starting local fire extinguishing, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the fourth-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module 40 performs local fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fourth-level emergency level instruction.

[0086] In the fifth example, the intelligent analysis module 20 determines whether the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding third-level threshold value based on the current temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box. If the H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding third-level threshold value, it is currently in the thermal runaway fire linkage stage. At this time, the intelligent analysis module 20 outputs a fifth-level emergency level instruction including starting global fire extinguishing, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the fifth-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module 40 performs global fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fifth-level emergency level instruction.

[0087] Embodiment 4

[0088] Based on the emergency response systems provided in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific embodiment combining five emergency response stages with four emergency response levels.

[0089] Figure 3 This is an example flow chart of the second example of intelligent analysis and four-level emergency response in the emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0090] Since the intelligent judgment module 20 is used to judge the current thermal runaway development stage according to the battery box environmental data and multiple battery pack environmental data, and output the four-level emergency level instructions corresponding to the current thermal runaway development stage, the control module 30 will generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the current emergency level instructions to control the current emergency handling operation; at the same time, the emergency execution module 40 will execute the current emergency handling operation.

[0091] like Figure 3 As shown, in the first example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a second-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the second-level emergency stage when it is determined that the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage or in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the second-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module 40 starts local cooling according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the second-level emergency level instruction, so as to cover the abnormal temperature battery pack with the refrigerant.

[0092] In the second example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a third-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the third-level emergency stage when it is determined that the current stage is in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway (also called "early smoldering stage of electrical fire", or "electrolyte leakage accident", or "early stage of thermal runaway accident"), so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the third-level emergency level instruction, and enables the emergency execution module 40 to perform local cooling on the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the third-level emergency level instruction.

[0093] In the third example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a fourth-level emergency level instruction including starting local fire extinguishing when it is determined that the single cell battery is currently in the thermal runaway stage, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fourth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module 40, and the emergency execution module 40 performs local fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fourth-level emergency level instruction.

[0094] In the fourth example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a fifth-level emergency level instruction including starting global fire extinguishing when it is determined that the current stage is a thermal runaway fire linkage stage, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fifth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module 40, and the emergency execution module 40 performs global fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fifth-level emergency level instruction.

[0095] Embodiment 5

[0096] Based on the emergency response systems provided in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a specific embodiment combining five emergency response stages with three emergency response levels.

[0097] Figure 4 This is an example flow chart of the third example of intelligent analysis and three-level emergency response in the emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0098] Since the intelligent judgment module 20 is used to judge the current thermal runaway development stage according to the battery box environmental data and multiple battery pack environmental data, and output the three-level emergency level instruction corresponding to the current thermal runaway development stage, the control module 30 will generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the current emergency level instruction to control the current emergency handling operation; at the same time, the emergency execution module 40 will execute the current emergency handling operation.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown, in the first example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a third-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the third-level emergency stage when it is determined that the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage or a battery pack in the early stage of thermal runaway or an early stage of electrical thermal runaway (also called the "early smoldering stage of electrical fires", or "electrolyte leakage accidents", or "early stages of thermal runaway accidents"), so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters and sends them to the emergency execution module 40 after obtaining the third-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module 40 performs local cooling of the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the third-level emergency level instruction.

[0100] In the second example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a fourth-level emergency level instruction including starting local fire extinguishing when it is determined that the single cell battery is currently in the thermal runaway stage, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fourth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module 40, and the emergency execution module 40 performs local fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fourth-level emergency level instruction.

[0101] In the third example, the intelligent analysis module 20 is also used to output a fifth-level emergency level instruction including starting global fire extinguishing when it is determined that the current stage is a thermal runaway fire linkage stage, so that the control module 30 generates corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fifth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module 40, and the emergency execution module 40 performs global fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fifth-level emergency level instruction.

[0102] Embodiment 6

[0103] Based on the emergency system provided in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 5, the embodiment of the present invention further provides specific embodiments of other diagnostic bases for emergency stages at various levels.

[0104] If, based on the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, it is judged whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box has reached the corresponding second-level threshold; and if it is detected that data abnormalities (for example, exceeding the threshold) occur in any two temperature detectors or smoke detectors at different addresses, a fifth-level emergency level instruction is output. At this time, the emergency execution module 40 performs a global fire extinguishing operation inside the battery box.

[0105] If the temperature change of a battery pack reaches the second change level; and it is detected that the temperature rise in the battery pack exceeds 150K, and the temperature rise rate is >1K / s, and the duration exceeds 5 to 15s, then the fourth level emergency level instruction is output. At this time, the emergency execution module 40 performs local fire extinguishing inside the battery box.

[0106] Embodiment 7

[0107] Based on the emergency system provided in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 6, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an example of the propagation impact of the refrigerant used in local cooling. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of applying refrigerant on the propagation of thermal runaway in an emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the effect of refrigerant injection on the propagation of thermal runaway events without refrigerant injection and at different refrigerant injection times.

[0108] The refrigerant is a non-flammable liquid that can undergo phase change and absorb heat. The preferred refrigerant is liquid carbon dioxide. The spraying amount is 0.005-0.2 kg / m 2 For emergency processes involving level 2 or above, the refrigerant duration is ≮100s, and the preferred refrigerant spraying time is level 2 warning ≮300s.

[0109] During normal operation, the gaseous low-temperature carbon dioxide that is vaporized by heat is transmitted to the battery pack through the coolant spray path, cooling the lithium-ion battery cluster and absorbing the heat generated by the operation of the lithium-ion battery cluster.

[0110] During emergency operation, liquid carbon dioxide enters the air inlet on the back of the battery pack casing through a spray nozzle to control the injection rate of the refrigerant.

[0111] Embodiment 8

[0112] Based on the emergency system provided in the seventh embodiment above, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another specific example regarding refrigerant.

[0113] The refrigerant is a non-flammable liquid that can undergo phase change and absorb heat. The preferred refrigerant is liquid nitrogen. The spraying amount is 0.001-0.2 kg / m 2 For emergency processes involving level 2 or above, the refrigerant duration is ≮100s, and the preferred refrigerant spraying time is level 2 warning ≮300s.

[0114] During normal operation, the heated and vaporized low-temperature nitrogen is transmitted to the battery pack through the coolant spray path to cool the lithium-ion battery cluster and absorb the heat generated by the operation of the lithium-ion battery cluster.

[0115] During emergency operation, liquid nitrogen enters the air inlet on the back of the battery pack shell through a spray nozzle to control the injection rate of the refrigerant.

[0116] Embodiment 9

[0117] Based on the emergency system provided in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 8, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another embodiment of emergency handling operation.

[0118] Emergency refrigerant release, fire extinguishing agent release and sound and light alarms are all installed at the entrance of the container to alert personnel and take response measures. The control module 30 is equipped with a control device connected to the on-site display control box, which is set at the entrance of the energy storage battery container and is used to control the emergency processing module to select manual mode or automatic control mode. In manual working mode, the core controller only sends out an alarm signal and does not output an action signal. The manual start operation is realized through the on-site display control box set at the entrance of the energy storage container. When a global fire extinguishing signal is issued, the electrical management system issues a command to shut down the air conditioning system and supercapacitor fan in the container, cut off the relevant power supply, start the global fire extinguishing device, and output the fire confirmation signal machine action feedback signal at the same time.

[0119] The fire extinguishing agent can be all perfluorohexanone, or a mixture of perfluorohexanone and heptafluoropropane, or water.

[0120] Embodiment 10

[0121] Based on the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 9, the embodiments of the present invention also provide an emergency method for handling thermal runaway of energy storage power stations (also referred to as "emergency method"). The emergency method is applied to energy storage power stations, battery swap stations and other scenarios, and solves the problems of excessive emergency response and untimely emergency response in the case of thermal runaway of energy storage power stations.

[0122] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the steps of the emergency method for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the emergency method for handling thermal runaway of energy storage power station is to handle the emergency process of thermal runaway of energy storage power station in the following steps:

[0123] Step S610, real-time collection of environmental data of the battery box and each battery pack in the energy storage power station;

[0124] Step S620, judging the current thermal runaway development stage of the power station according to the battery box environment data and the battery pack environment data, and outputting the corresponding emergency level instruction according to the thermal runaway development stage, the thermal runaway development stage includes battery pack not out of control, battery pack early thermal runaway, electrical early thermal runaway, single cell thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage;

[0125] Step S630, generating corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instruction;

[0126] Step S640, executing corresponding emergency processing operations according to the emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters, the emergency processing operations including but not limited to local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

[0127] In addition, step S620 in the emergency method also includes: outputting an alarm signal of a level corresponding to the development stage of the thermal runaway.

[0128] In this way, this embodiment can utilize the above-mentioned emergency method for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station, and perform different emergency handling operations by analyzing the energy storage power station at different stages of thermal runaway development, thereby solving the problem of untimely or excessive emergency response.

[0129] The present invention provides an emergency method and system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station. The method and system use multiple emergency judgment conditions to distinguish whether the battery pack is in thermal runaway and needs local cooling and local fire extinguishing, and whether a fire occurs in the energy storage battery container and needs local fire extinguishing or global fire extinguishing, so as to timely and effectively control the thermal runaway of the energy storage battery. In addition, the present invention can also take timely and effective emergency response measures to fires in battery packs, meet the emergency needs of different levels of energy storage power stations, and avoid the problems of excessive emergency response or untimely emergency response.

[0130] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any person familiar with the technology within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0131] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0132] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0133] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by ordinary technicians in the relevant field. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not meant to be limiting.

[0134] The "one embodiment" or "embodiment" mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0135] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0136] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. An emergency system for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module, which is used to collect the environmental data of the battery box and each battery pack in the energy storage power station in real time; An intelligent judgment module is used to judge the current thermal runaway development stage of the power station according to the battery box environment data and the battery pack environment data, and output the corresponding emergency level instruction according to the thermal runaway development stage, and the thermal runaway development stage includes battery pack no runaway, battery pack early thermal runaway, electrical early thermal runaway, single battery thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage; A control module, which is used to generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instruction; The emergency execution module is used to execute corresponding emergency processing operations according to the emergency control instructions and the emergency control parameters. The emergency processing operations include but are not limited to local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

2. The emergency system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery box environmental data include but are not limited to: the temperature inside the battery box, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration, The battery pack environmental data includes but is not limited to: battery pack temperature and battery pack voltage.

3. The emergency system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent analysis module uses the following expressions to judge different thermal runaway stages: Q=A×BΔT n1 ×MC H2 n2 ×PC CO n3 ×Et n4 Where ΔT represents the temperature change of the battery pack, C H2 represents the H2 concentration, C CO represents CO concentration, t represents abnormal duration, A, B, M, P, E represent constant coefficients respectively, n1, n2, n3, n4 represent exponential coefficients respectively, Q represents indicators of different thermal runaway stages, wherein Q is rounded and the value range of Q is 1 to 5, 1 represents that the battery pack is not out of control, 2 represents the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, 3 represents the early stage of electrical thermal runaway, 4 represents thermal runaway of the single battery, and 5 represents thermal runaway fire linkage.

4. The emergency system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The intelligent judgment module is also used to generate corresponding emergency level instructions according to the following judgment strategy: According to the temperature change characteristics of the battery pack, determine whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches the first change level. If so, the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage, and output a first-level emergency level instruction corresponding to the non-out-of-control stage of the battery pack; According to the battery pack temperature change characteristics, determine whether the current battery pack temperature change reaches a second change level. If so, the battery pack is currently in the early stage of thermal runaway, and output a second level emergency level instruction corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, wherein the second change level is higher than the first change level; According to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, determine whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or temperature inside the battery box reaches the corresponding first level threshold; if so, it is currently in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway, and output a third level emergency level instruction corresponding to the early stage of electrical thermal runaway; According to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, it is judged whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration or the temperature inside the battery box reaches the corresponding second-level threshold value. If so, it is currently in the thermal runaway stage of the single battery, and a fourth-level emergency level instruction corresponding to the thermal runaway stage of the single battery is output, wherein each second-level threshold value is higher than each first-level threshold value; According to the temperature, smoke concentration, H2 concentration and CO concentration inside the battery box, determine whether the current H2 concentration or CO concentration or smoke concentration inside the battery box or the temperature inside the box has reached the corresponding third-level threshold; if so, it is currently in the thermal runaway fire linkage stage, and the fifth-level emergency level instruction corresponding to the thermal runaway fire linkage stage is output, wherein each third-level threshold is higher than each second-level threshold.

5. The emergency system according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the difference between the real-time battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches the first temperature range, the first level emergency stage is initiated, and the first temperature range is 10-30K; When the difference between the real-time battery pack temperature and the battery box ambient temperature reaches the second temperature range, and the current temperature difference exceeds the value and reaches the preset first time period, the second level emergency stage is started. The second temperature range is 30-90K, and the preset first time period is 20-60s. When the real-time CO concentration reaches the first CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the first H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the first smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the first box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the third level emergency stage is initiated, the first CO concentration threshold range is 100-200ppm, the first H2 concentration threshold range is 100-400ppm, the first smoke concentration threshold range is 10-15ppm, the first box temperature threshold is 60-70℃, and the preset abnormal condition time threshold is 5-15s; When the real-time CO concentration reaches the second CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the second H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the second smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the second box temperature threshold, and any of the above abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fourth level emergency stage is initiated, the second CO concentration threshold range is 200-400ppm, the second H2 concentration threshold range is 400-1000ppm, the second smoke concentration threshold range is 15-20ppm, and the second box temperature threshold is 70-85℃; When the real-time CO concentration reaches the third CO concentration threshold range, or the real-time H2 concentration reaches the third H2 concentration threshold range, or the real-time smoke concentration reaches the third smoke concentration threshold range, or the real-time battery box temperature exceeds the third box temperature threshold, and any of the foregoing abnormalities exceeds the preset abnormal condition time threshold, the fifth level emergency stage is initiated. The third CO concentration threshold range is 400-600ppm, the third H2 concentration threshold range is 1000-1600ppm, the third smoke concentration threshold range is 20-30ppm, and the third box temperature threshold is 85-95°C.

6. The emergency system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: When the battery pack is currently in a non-out-of-control stage, a first-level emergency level instruction including increasing the current sampling frequency is output, so that the control module feeds back the new sampling frequency parameter to the data acquisition module after obtaining the first-level emergency level instruction, and the emergency execution module does not perform the corresponding operation under the effect of the first-level emergency level instruction; When the battery pack is currently in the early stage of thermal runaway, a second-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the second-level emergency stage is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the second-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, and the emergency execution module covers the abnormal temperature battery pack with refrigerant according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the second-level emergency level instruction; When the current state is in the early stage of electrical thermal runaway, outputting a third-level emergency level instruction including starting local cooling based on the third-level emergency stage, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the third-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, and the emergency execution module performs local cooling of the inside of the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the third-level emergency level instruction; When the single cell is currently in thermal runaway, a fourth-level emergency level instruction including starting local fire extinguishing is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fourth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, and the emergency execution module performs local fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fourth-level emergency level instruction; When the system is currently in the thermal runaway fire linkage stage, a fifth-level emergency level instruction including starting global fire extinguishing is output, so that the control module generates the corresponding emergency control parameters after obtaining the fifth-level emergency level instruction and sends them to the emergency execution module, and the emergency execution module performs global fire extinguishing inside the battery box according to the emergency control parameters under the action of the fifth-level emergency level instruction.

7. The emergency system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The emergency control parameters include but are not limited to: the injection flow rate, injection angle, injection duration and injection position of the refrigerant or fire extinguishing agent.

8. The emergency system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The intelligent judgment module is also used to output an alarm signal of a level corresponding to the thermal runaway development stage.

9. The emergency system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition module comprises: A battery management system configured for each battery pack, which is used to obtain the battery pack environment data of each battery pack; An online H2 concentration analyzer installed inside the battery box; An online CO concentration analyzer installed inside the battery box; A plurality of temperature detectors disposed at different locations inside the battery box; and A plurality of smoke detectors are arranged at different positions inside the battery box.

10. The emergency system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The emergency execution module is connected to the first atomizing nozzle, the second atomizing nozzle and the fire extinguishing nozzle of each battery pack, wherein: Each first atomizing nozzle is installed at the windward position of the back side of each battery pack housing, so that the emergency execution module controls the injection rate of the refrigerant at the designated atomizing nozzle to complete local cooling, and the refrigerant is liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen; Each second atomizing nozzle is installed at the windward position of the back side of each battery pack housing, so that the emergency execution module controls the injection rate of the fire extinguishing agent at the designated atomizing nozzle to complete local fire extinguishing, and the fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone or a mixture of perfluorohexanone and heptafluoropropane; The fire extinguishing nozzle is arranged on the top of the battery container so that the emergency execution module can control the spraying rate of the fire extinguishing agent at the fire extinguishing nozzle to complete the overall fire extinguishing.

11. The emergency system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The emergency system further comprises: an alarm device arranged inside the battery box, and the alarm device is used to respond to the alarm signals of levels corresponding to different thermal runaway development stages.

12. An emergency method for handling thermal runaway of an energy storage power station, characterized in that: The emergency method is implemented by using the emergency system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the emergency method comprises: Real-time collection of environmental data of the battery box and each battery pack in the energy storage power station; According to the battery box environment data and the battery pack environment data, the current thermal runaway development stage of the power station is judged, and the corresponding emergency level instruction is output according to the thermal runaway development stage, and the thermal runaway development stage includes battery pack no runaway, battery pack early thermal runaway, electrical early thermal runaway, single battery thermal runaway and thermal runaway fire linkage; Generate corresponding emergency control instructions and emergency control parameters according to the emergency level instructions; According to the emergency control instruction and the emergency control parameter, a corresponding emergency processing operation is performed, and the emergency processing operation includes but is not limited to local cooling, local fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing.

13. The emergency method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The emergency method further includes: outputting an alarm signal of a level corresponding to the development stage of the thermal runaway.

Images