A wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device and a monitoring system thereof

Abstract

The application provides a wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device and a monitoring system thereof, which comprises a single fixed seat, a front ditch opener fixed seat, a front ditch opener, a fertilizer spreading device, an anti-abrasion plate, a rotary tiller group, a side plate, a soil retaining plate, a rear ditch opener, a soil humidity sensor, a metal water pipe, a profiling mechanism, a spring damper, a transmission box and a motor. The single fixed seat is provided with a through hole, and the single body is fixed to a seeding machine frame through U-shaped bolts. The seeding machine can be installed with multiple single bodies. The spacing between the single bodies is adjusted to adapt to the wide seedling strip seeding operation of different row spacings. The soil disturbance and power consumption during operation are reduced through wide seedling strip rotary tillage. The monitoring system comprises a rotary tiller group power distribution monitoring system and a lower irrigation monitoring system. The rotary tiller group power is automatically adjusted with the change of the forward speed and the working resistance, so that the seedbed preparation operation effect is improved. Through lower irrigation of the seedling strip, the problem of uneven emergence caused by the inconsistent soil moisture content of different plots in the field is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wheat sowing technology, and in particular relates to a wheat wide seedbed preparation device and its monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat is an important food crop in my country, and its yield is crucial to national food security. The quality of wheat sowing directly determines the distribution of wheat seeds within the seed furrow, significantly impacting germination, emergence, tillering, and heading—all factors that ultimately determine wheat yield. Wide-seedling strip sowing technology is a cost-effective and efficient technique. Compared to conventional mechanized row sowing, wide-seedling strip sowing transforms the traditional narrow-row sowing into wide-row sowing. The sowing width increases from the conventional 2-3 cm to 8-25 cm. The advantages of wide-seedling strip sowing include ensuring even distribution of wheat seeds within the seed furrow, reducing competition for water and fertilizer among individual plants, promoting ventilation and light penetration within the wheat population, fostering robust individual development, increasing photosynthetic rate and water and fertilizer utilization, and increasing the number of ears, grains per ear, and grain weight, ultimately leading to increased wheat yield and income.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of wide-seedling strip sowing technology for wheat, various machines suitable for wide-seedling strip sowing operations have emerged. For example, patent CN201710494918.X provides a single unit of wide-seedling strip wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine; patent CN202010057876.5 provides a wheat seeder and a method for pre-sowing compaction and planting wide-seedling strip wheat; however, these patents do not address seedbed preparation. Patent CN202210536059.7 provides an integrated machine for wide-seedling strip wheat seeding and fertilizing; patent CN202321842677.0 provides a wide-seedling strip wheat seeder; and patent CN201610263161.9 provides a wheat rotary tillage wide-seedling strip lower-level fertilizing and seeding machine. However, these patents use conventional rotary tillage methods, i.e., adding a rotary tiller to the front of the machine, which results in soil disturbance and high power consumption. Patent CN201510815267.0 discloses a precision wheat seeder with wide seedbed strips that combines reduced tillage and fertilizer application, along with its working method. This patent employs a seedbed rotary tillage method, where the rotary tillage blades only till the wide seedbed strips. However, the fixed spacing between the rotary tillage blades makes it difficult to adjust for different row spacings. During seedbed preparation, the fixed rotation speed and torque of the rotary tillage blades prevent adaptive adjustment based on tillage resistance, resulting in poor soil breaking up. After seedbed preparation, soil moisture is retained by the compaction wheel, but inconsistent soil moisture content across different plots leads to uneven wheat emergence in dry and wet areas, with low germination rates in some dry plots. Furthermore, existing wide seedbed strip wheat seedbed preparation equipment has a low level of intelligent operation, limiting the promotion and application of wide seedbed strip wheat sowing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation device and its monitoring system. On one hand, to address the issues of soil disturbance and high power consumption during seedbed preparation, and to adapt to different row spacings during sowing, a wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation device is provided to achieve adjustable rotary tiller blade spacing and reduced power consumption. On the other hand, to address the problem of poor soil pulverization due to fixed rotary tiller blade power, a rotary tiller blade power distribution monitoring system is proposed to adaptively adjust the rotary tiller blade power according to changes in the tillage speed and tillage resistance. Furthermore, to address the problem of uneven seedling emergence due to inconsistent soil moisture content in different field plots, a lower-level irrigation monitoring system is proposed to enable precise irrigation of arid fields.

[0005] On the one hand, this invention proposes a wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation device, which is a single seedbed preparation unit with fertilization, seedbed rotary tillage and irrigation functions, comprising:

[0006] A single fixed base, which is fixed to the seeder frame;

[0007] A front trencher fixing seat is fixedly connected to the single fixing seat;

[0008] A front-mounted furrow opener is fixed to the front-mounted furrow opener fixing base and is equipped with strain gauges for detecting tillage resistance.

[0009] A fertilizer spreading device, which is fixed to the pre-furrow opener;

[0010] The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, with a wear-resistant plate fixed at its bottom end. It also includes a fixed side plate and a soil retainer, with the soil retainer fixed to the transmission box.

[0011] The electric motor is fixed to a single fixed base, and the motor shaft is coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission box;

[0012] The rotary tiller blade assembly is fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the transmission box;

[0013] A contouring mechanism, which is fixed to the single-unit fixing seat;

[0014] A rear-mounted trencher is fixed to the contouring mechanism, and a soil moisture sensor is installed at its bottom.

[0015] A spring damper is hinged to the contouring mechanism;

[0016] A metal water pipe, which is fixed to the rear-mounted trencher, is used for irrigation.

[0017] Preferably, the rear trencher is provided with multiple through holes, which are fixed to the contouring mechanism by bolts. The bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the trenching depth.

[0018] Preferably, the fertilizer spreading device consists of a fertilizer guide pipe and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2, with the end of the fertilizer guide pipe having a trumpet-shaped opening and the electric fertilizer spreading blade installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

[0019] Preferably, the rotary tiller assembly consists of blades, a blade disc, safety pins, fixing bolts, fixing plates, and a blade roller; the blades are fixed to the blade disc by safety pins and fixing bolts, and the fixing plates are arranged alternately with the blades; the blade disc has through holes evenly distributed around its circumference for mounting the blades, and is fixed to the blade roller by welding.

[0020] Preferably, the upper part of the blade is curved, the cutting edge for cutting soil is chamfered, and the bottom is an arc-shaped notch with the same arc diameter as the outer diameter of the cutter roller. During installation, the arc-shaped notch fits tightly against the outer edge of the cutter roller, and two through holes are provided near the notch.

[0021] Preferably, the fixing plate is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes, and the fixing plate is in close contact with the outer edge of the blade roller during installation; the rotary tiller assembly includes four fixing plates.

[0022] Preferably, the cutter roller has a hexagonal through hole inside and is coaxially fitted with the power output shaft of the transmission box.

[0023] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a monitoring system for the preparation of wheat wide seedbeds, characterized in that it includes a rotary tiller power distribution monitoring system and a lower-level irrigation monitoring system.

[0024] Preferably, the operation of the rotary tiller blade power distribution monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0025] S101: The soil breaking effect under different operating parameters was measured through field trials. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque were used as test factors, and the soil breaking rate was used as the test evaluation index. Response surface optimization test was carried out to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque.

[0026] S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0027] S103: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the rotary tiller blade assembly power distribution monitoring task;

[0028] S104: Agricultural machinery operators set the rotary tillage speed ratio via a web terminal;

[0029] S105: The microcontroller receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform via the DTU module;

[0030] S106: The Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0031] S107: The microcontroller calculates the target blade rotation speed based on the rotary tillage speed ratio and the machine's forward speed;

[0032] S108: The target cutter speed is the input value of the cutter speed in the mathematical model of implement forward speed - tillage resistance - cutter speed - cutter torque;

[0033] S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the deformation of the strain gauge into a digital signal;

[0034] S110: The microcontroller receives digital signals and calculates tillage resistance;

[0035] S111: The microcontroller calculates the target cutter torque based on a mathematical model of the machine's forward speed, tillage resistance, cutter speed, and cutter torque.

[0036] S112: The microcontroller calculates the target speed of the motor based on the target tool group speed and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, which drives the motor to rotate.

[0037] S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0038] S114: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target speed and the actual speed of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual speed of the motor is zero, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module.

[0039] S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual motor torque signal to the microcontroller.

[0040] S116: The microcontroller calculates the actual tool set torque based on the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box;

[0041] S117: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target torque and the actual torque of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque.

[0042] S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0043] Preferably, the operation of the lower-level irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0044] S201: Using wheat seed germination rate under different conditions in standard seed germination test, with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, and soil moisture as experimental factors and wheat seed germination rate as experimental evaluation index, a response surface optimization experiment was conducted to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate.

[0045] S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0046] S203: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the lower-level irrigation monitoring task;

[0047] S204: Agricultural machinery operators set the sowing row spacing and wheat variety via a web terminal;

[0048] S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing, and wheat variety information, and sends them to the microcontroller via the DTU module;

[0049] S206: Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0050] S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends the actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller.

[0051] S208: The irrigation monitoring system calculates soil accumulated temperature based on weather forecast data and calculates the target soil moisture based on a mathematical model relating wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate.

[0052] S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the amount of soil to be irrigated per unit time based on the machine's forward speed, furrowing depth, and sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand based on the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture.

[0053] S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate based on irrigation demand and unit time.

[0054] S211: The microcontroller controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the drive circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate in the pipeline. The frequency converter booster pump provides a stable water flow to the pipeline.

[0055] S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends the actual pipeline flow signal to the microcontroller;

[0056] S213: The microcontroller further corrects the solenoid valve opening based on the closed-loop feedback control algorithm;

[0057] S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, it sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module; otherwise, it proceeds to S203.

[0058] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation device, which adjusts the spacing between individual units to adapt to wide-seedling strip sowing operations with different row spacings, and reduces soil disturbance and power consumption during operation through rotary tillage of the wide-seedling strip; This invention provides a rotary tillage blade assembly power distribution monitoring system, which enables the rotary tillage blade assembly power to adaptively adjust to changes in the forward speed of the tillage tool and tillage resistance, thereby improving the seedbed preparation operation effect; This invention provides a lower-level irrigation monitoring system, which solves the problem of uneven seedling emergence caused by inconsistent soil moisture content in different plots of the field by lower-level irrigation of the seedbed. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is the overall structure of a wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the installation of the pre-furrow opener and fertilizer spreading device;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer spreading device.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tiller blade assembly installation;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a side view of the blade;

[0064] Figure 6 This is a side view of the cutter head shaft;

[0065] Figure 7 Side view of the fixed plate shaft;

[0066] Figure 8 The principle of the power distribution monitoring system for rotary tiller blades;

[0067] Figure 9 This describes the operating principle of a lower-level irrigation monitoring system.

[0068] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Single unit fixing seat; 2. Front furrow opener fixing seat; 3. Front furrow opener; 4. Fertilizer spreading device; 4-1. Fertilizer guide pipe; 4-2. Electric fertilizer spreading blade; 5. Wear plate; 6. Rotary tillage blade assembly; 6-1. Blade; 6-2. Cutter disc; 6-3. Safety pin; 6-4. Fixing bolt; 6-5. Fixing plate; 6-6. Cutter roller; 7. Side plate; 8. Soil retaining plate; 9. Rear furrow opener; 10. Soil moisture sensor; 11. Metal water pipe; 12. Contouring mechanism; 13. Spring damper; 14. Transmission box; 15. Electric motor. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] This invention provides a wheat wide seedbed preparation device, which is a single seedbed preparation unit with functions of fertilization, seedbed rotary tillage and irrigation;

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, the seedbed preparation unit consists of a unit fixing seat 1, a front furrow opener fixing seat 2, a front furrow opener 3, a fertilizer spreading device 4, a wear-resistant plate 5, a rotary tiller blade assembly 6, a side plate 7, a soil retaining plate 8, a rear furrow opener 9, a soil moisture sensor 10, a metal water pipe 11, a contouring mechanism 12, a spring damper 13, a transmission box 14, and a motor 15.

[0072] The single unit fixing seat 1 is provided with a through hole. The single unit is fixed to the seeder frame by U-bolts. The seeder can install multiple units, and the spacing between the units is determined by the sowing row spacing of the wide seedling strip.

[0073] The front trencher mounting base 2 is fixed to the single mounting base 1 by bolts.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the front furrow opener 3 is provided with a through hole and is fixed to the front furrow opener fixing seat 2 by bolts. The front furrow opener 3 is equipped with strain gauges to detect tillage resistance. The fertilizer spreading device 4 is fixed to the front furrow opener 3 by welding.

[0075] The wear plate 5 is fixed to the bottom of the transmission box 14 by bolts; the rotary tiller blade assembly 6 is fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission box 14; the side plate 7 is fixed to the retaining plate 8 by welding, and the retaining plate 8 is fixed to the transmission box 14 by bolts.

[0076] The rear-mounted furrow opener 9 has multiple through holes and is fixed to the contouring mechanism 12 by bolts. The bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the soil penetration depth of the rear-mounted furrow opener, that is, to adjust the furrowing depth. The soil moisture sensor 10 is installed at the bottom of the rear-mounted furrow opener 9 and is in close contact with the soil at the bottom of the furrow. The metal water pipe 11 is fixed to the rear-mounted furrow opener 9 by welding, and the water pipe is used for irrigation. The contouring mechanism 12 is connected to the single-unit fixing seat 1 and the spring damper 13 by bolts, and the connection part forms a hinge. When the farmland surface is uneven, the contouring mechanism 12 floats up and down with the surface to ensure a consistent soil penetration depth. The spring damper 13 is also fixed to the single-unit fixing seat 1.

[0077] The transmission box 14 includes a power input shaft and an output shaft. The power input shaft is fixed to the motor 15, and the power output shaft is fixed to the rotary tiller assembly 6. The transmission box 14 is fixed to the single-unit fixing seat 1 by bolts.

[0078] Optionally, the transmission box 14 can adopt a transmission method such as gear transmission, chain transmission, or belt transmission.

[0079] The motor 15 is fixed to the single-unit mounting base 1 by bolts, and the motor shaft is coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission box 14.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the fertilizer spreading device 4 consists of a fertilizer guide pipe 4-1 and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2. The end of the fertilizer guide pipe 4-1 is a trumpet-shaped opening, and the electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2 is installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, the rotary tiller blade assembly 6 consists of blades 6-1, a blade disc 6-2, a safety pin 6-3, a fixing bolt 6-4, a fixing plate 6-5, and a blade roller 6-6. Figure 5 As shown, the upper part of blade 6-1 is curved, and the cutting edge for cutting soil is chamfered. The bottom is an arc-shaped notch with the same arc diameter as the outer diameter of cutter roller 6-6. During installation, the arc-shaped notch fits tightly against the outer edge of cutter roller 6-6, and two through holes are provided near the notch. Figure 6 As shown, the cutter head 6-2 has circumferentially distributed through holes for mounting the blades 6-1, and is fixed to the cutter roller 6-6 by welding. Figure 7 As shown, the fixing plate 6-5 is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes. During installation, the fixing plate 6-5 is tightly fitted to the outer edge of the blade roller 6-6. The rotary tiller assembly 6 includes four fixing plates 6-5.

[0082] The blade 6-1 is fixed to the cutter head 6-2 by safety pin 6-3 and fixing bolt 6-4, and the fixing plate 6-5 is arranged alternately with the blade 6-1. The cutter roller 6-6 has a hexagonal through hole inside and is coaxially fitted with the power output shaft of the transmission box 14.

[0083] This invention also provides a monitoring system for wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation, characterized in that:

[0084] The monitoring system consists of a rotary tiller power distribution monitoring system and a lower-level irrigation monitoring system;

[0085] like Figure 8 As shown, the operation of the rotary tiller blade assembly power distribution monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0086] S101: The soil breaking effect under different operating parameters was measured through field trials. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque were used as test factors, and the soil breaking rate was used as the test evaluation index. Response surface optimization test was carried out to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque.

[0087] S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0088] S103: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the rotary tiller blade assembly power distribution monitoring task;

[0089] S104: Agricultural machinery operators set the rotary tillage speed ratio via a web terminal;

[0090] S105: The microcontroller receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform via the DTU module;

[0091] S106: The Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0092] S107: The microcontroller calculates the target blade rotation speed based on the rotary tillage speed ratio and the machine's forward speed;

[0093] S108: The target cutter speed is the input value of the cutter speed in the mathematical model of implement forward speed - tillage resistance - cutter speed - cutter torque;

[0094] S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the deformation of the strain gauge into a digital signal;

[0095] S110: The microcontroller receives digital signals and calculates tillage resistance;

[0096] S111: The microcontroller calculates the target cutter torque based on a mathematical model of the machine's forward speed, tillage resistance, cutter speed, and cutter torque.

[0097] S112: The microcontroller calculates the target speed of the motor based on the target tool group speed and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, which drives the motor to rotate.

[0098] S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0099] S114: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target speed and the actual speed of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual speed of the motor is zero, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module.

[0100] S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual motor torque signal to the microcontroller.

[0101] S116: The microcontroller calculates the actual tool set torque based on the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box;

[0102] S117: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target torque and the actual torque of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque.

[0103] S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0104] like Figure 9 As shown, the operation of the lower-level irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0105] S201: Using wheat seed germination rate under different conditions in standard seed germination test, with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, and soil moisture as experimental factors and wheat seed germination rate as experimental evaluation index, a response surface optimization experiment was conducted to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate.

[0106] S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0107] S203: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the lower-level irrigation monitoring task;

[0108] S204: Agricultural machinery operators set the sowing row spacing and wheat variety via a web terminal;

[0109] S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing, and wheat variety information, and sends them to the microcontroller via the DTU module;

[0110] S206: Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0111] S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends the actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller.

[0112] S208: The irrigation monitoring system calculates soil accumulated temperature based on weather forecast data and calculates the target soil moisture based on a mathematical model relating wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate.

[0113] S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the amount of soil to be irrigated per unit time based on the machine's forward speed, furrowing depth, and sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand based on the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture.

[0114] S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate based on irrigation demand and unit time.

[0115] S211: The microcontroller controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the drive circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate in the pipeline. The frequency converter booster pump provides a stable water flow to the pipeline.

[0116] S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends the actual pipeline flow signal to the microcontroller;

[0117] S213: The microcontroller further corrects the solenoid valve opening based on the closed-loop feedback control algorithm;

[0118] S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, it sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module; otherwise, it proceeds to S203.

[0119] This embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation, characterized in that: It includes a rotary tiller power distribution monitoring system and a lower-level irrigation monitoring system; The operation of the rotary tiller blade power distribution monitoring system includes the following steps: S101: The soil breaking effect under different operating parameters was measured through field trials. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque were used as test factors, and the soil breaking rate was used as the test evaluation index. Response surface optimization test was carried out to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, blade speed and torque. S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller; S103: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the rotary tiller blade assembly power distribution monitoring task; S104: Agricultural machinery operators set the rotary tillage speed ratio via a web terminal; S105: The microcontroller receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform via the DTU module; S106: The Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller; S107: The microcontroller calculates the target blade rotation speed based on the rotary tillage speed ratio and the machine's forward speed; S108: The target cutter speed is the input value of the cutter speed in the mathematical model of implement forward speed - tillage resistance - cutter speed - cutter torque; S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the deformation of the strain gauge into a digital signal; S110: The microcontroller receives digital signals and calculates tillage resistance; S111: The microcontroller calculates the target cutter torque based on a mathematical model of the machine's forward speed, tillage resistance, cutter speed, and cutter torque. S112: The microcontroller calculates the target speed of the motor based on the target tool group speed and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, which drives the motor to rotate. S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller; S114: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target speed and the actual speed of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual speed of the motor is zero, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module. S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual motor torque signal to the microcontroller. S116: The microcontroller calculates the actual tool set torque based on the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box; S117: The microcontroller calculates the error between the target torque and the actual torque of the motor and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque. S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the microcontroller sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module; The operation of a lower-level irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps: S201: Using wheat seed germination rate under different conditions in standard seed germination test, with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, and soil moisture as experimental factors and wheat seed germination rate as experimental evaluation index, a response surface optimization experiment was conducted to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate. S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller; S203: Initialize the microcontroller and enter the lower-level irrigation monitoring task; S204: Agricultural machinery operators set the sowing row spacing and wheat variety via a web terminal; S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing, and wheat variety information, and sends them to the microcontroller via the DTU module; S206: Doppler radar monitors the machine's forward speed in real time and sends the machine's forward speed signal to the microcontroller; S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends the actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller. S208: The irrigation monitoring system calculates soil accumulated temperature based on weather forecast data and calculates the target soil moisture based on a mathematical model relating wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature, soil moisture, and germination rate. S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the amount of soil to be irrigated per unit time based on the machine's forward speed, furrowing depth, and sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand based on the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture. S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate based on irrigation demand and unit time. S211: The microcontroller controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the drive circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate in the pipeline. The frequency converter booster pump provides a stable water flow to the pipeline. S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends the actual pipeline flow signal to the microcontroller; S213: The microcontroller further corrects the solenoid valve opening based on the closed-loop feedback control algorithm; S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, it sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module; otherwise, it proceeds to S203. The device for preparing wide-seedling strip seedbeds for wheat is a single seedbed preparation unit with functions of fertilization, seedbed rotary tillage, and irrigation, including: The individual fixing base is fixed to the seeder frame. The seeder can be equipped with multiple units, and the spacing between the units is determined by the seeding row spacing of the wide seedling strip. A front trencher fixing seat is fixedly connected to the single fixing seat; A front-mounted furrow opener is fixed to the front-mounted furrow opener fixing base and is equipped with strain gauges for detecting tillage resistance. A fertilizer spreading device, which is fixed to the pre-furrow opener; The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, with a wear-resistant plate fixed at its bottom end. It also includes a fixed side plate and a soil retainer, with the soil retainer fixed to the transmission box. The electric motor is fixed to a single fixed base, and the motor shaft is coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission box; The rotary tiller blade assembly is fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the transmission box; A contouring mechanism, which is fixed to the single-unit fixing seat; A rear-mounted trencher is fixed to the contouring mechanism, and a soil moisture sensor is installed at its bottom. A spring damper is hinged to the contouring mechanism; A metal water pipe, which is fixed to the rear-mounted trencher, is used for irrigation.

2. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device for preparing wide seedling strips for wheat seedbeds has a rear-mounted furrow opener with multiple through holes, which are fixed to the contouring mechanism by bolts. The bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the furrow opening depth.

3. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer spreading device of the wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device consists of a fertilizer guide pipe and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2. The end of the fertilizer guide pipe is a trumpet-shaped opening, and the electric fertilizer spreading blade is installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

4. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage blade assembly of the wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device consists of blades, a blade disc, safety pins, fixing bolts, fixing plates, and a blade roller; the blades are fixed to the blade disc by safety pins and fixing bolts, and the fixing plates are arranged alternately with the blades; the blade disc has through holes evenly distributed around its circumference for installing blades, and is fixed to the blade roller by welding.

5. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the blade of the wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device is curved, the cutting edge of the blade is chamfered, and the bottom is an arc-shaped notch with the same arc diameter as the outer diameter of the cutter roller. When installed, the arc-shaped notch fits tightly with the outer edge of the cutter roller, and two through holes are set near the notch.

6. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing plate of the wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes. When installed, the fixing plate is tightly fitted with the outer edge of the blade roller; the rotary tiller set includes four fixing plates.

7. The wheat wide-seedling strip seedbed preparation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter roller of the wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation device has a hexagonal through hole inside and is coaxially matched with the power output shaft of the transmission box.

Images