Method for planting winter wheat in desert land

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of desert agricultural engineering, and discloses a method for planting winter wheat in desert land, which comprises the following steps: S1, land pretreatment; s2, an intelligent drip irrigation system; s3, constructing a composite water retention layer; s4, finely leveling the ground; s5, accurate sowing; s6, secondary wheat cultivation; s7, performing no-tillage continuous planting; and S8, crop rotation period management. By the adoption of the laser leveling instrument and the intelligent drip irrigation system, efficient leveling and precise irrigation of the land are achieved, the labor cost and the operation difficulty are reduced, the water retention capacity of the soil is further improved through construction of the composite water retention layer, and the irrigation frequency and the water consumption are reduced. The accurate sowing and secondary wheat cultivation technology ensures uniform distribution and healthy growth of wheat seeds, and improves the emergence rate and the survival rate. By means of the no-tillage continuous planting technology, the soil turning frequency is reduced, the soil structure is protected, development of wheat root systems and nutrient absorption are promoted, and then the yield of wheat is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of desert agricultural engineering, and in particular relates to a method for planting winter wheat in deserts. Background Art

[0002] The desert environment poses a huge challenge to the growth of crops due to its extreme climatic conditions, such as extreme lack of water, severe salinization, and large temperature differences. Traditional agricultural planting techniques are often difficult to implement in such an environment, especially for growing crops such as winter wheat that require a lot of water in the desert. At present, although there are some methods for growing crops in the desert, these technologies still have many shortcomings. For example, some technologies require deep digging of the soil layer and large-scale leveling, which not only makes the operation difficult and expensive, but may also destroy the soil structure during the deep digging process, affecting the growth of subsequent crops. In addition, some technologies have the defect of being not conducive to desert alkali drainage, which further limits their application in desert agriculture.

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a new method for planting winter wheat in desert areas, aiming to overcome the obstacles of the desert environment through technological innovation and improve the planting efficiency and yield of winter wheat in desert areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting winter wheat in desert land to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for growing winter wheat in deserts, the method comprising: S1, land pretreatment: use a laser land leveler to level the land, ensure the stability of the equipment and adjust the height of the blade, improve the soil structure by applying basalt weathered sand, test the soil salt content and carry out necessary salt washing, and at the same time increase the application of organic matter and water retaining agent to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity; S2, intelligent drip irrigation system; all necessary materials and tools need to be prepared, including drip irrigation tape, drip irrigation connector, drip irrigation pressure regulator, and filter; the layout and trajectory of the drip irrigation tape are arranged in straight lines, curves, and rings; the main pipeline is fixed at an appropriate location in the construction area, and the main pipeline is connected to the water supply source; the drip irrigation tape is laid on the soil surface of the crop root zone along the predetermined trajectory, and the drip irrigation tape is connected to the main pipeline using a drip irrigation connector; the drip irrigation pressure regulator is installed on the main pipeline to adjust the water pressure; the filter is installed at the water inlet of the main pipeline; Regularly inspect and maintain the drip irrigation system, including cleaning drippers, replacing filters and repairing leaks, and properly setting controller parameters to ensure that plants get the right amount of water; integrate wireless sensor networks to monitor soil moisture and temperature in real time for precise irrigation; S3, composite water-retaining layer construction; when laying the ground film, ensure that it fits tightly to the ground, optimize the backfilling process, backfill diatomaceous earth and water-retaining agent at the bottom layer, and backfill improved sandy soil at the top layer to improve soil structure and water-retaining capacity; S4, ground leveling: use a pneumatic grader for secondary leveling to ensure that the ground leveling error is within the allowable range, and improve soil compaction by controlling the pressure of the pressing wheel; S5, precision sowing: calibrate sowing equipment, adjust sowing parameters, select appropriate crop varieties and sowing rates, and ensure sowing uniformity and accuracy; S6, secondary wheat cultivation; control the amount of water for the first irrigation, and adjust the amount of subsequent irrigation in a timely manner according to the soil moisture and the growth of secondary wheat; spray oxadiazole solution to inhibit the excessive growth of secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; S7, no-tillage continuous planting; improve the soil environment by adding microbial agents, shallow loosening the soil and applying biochar, regularly check the soil condition and adjust the improvement measures to achieve no-tillage continuous planting; S8, crop rotation management; use magnetic separation residual film recovery machine to recover residual film, and properly dispose of the recovered residual film to avoid environmental pollution; reasonably select crop varieties and planting methods for rotation according to market demand and soil conditions; Preferably, the S1 land pretreatment specifically includes: Step 1: Use a laser land leveler to level the land. The transmitter tripod must be firmly set up at the edge of the field, and the height must be about 20 cm higher than the tractor cab to obtain the best operating angle. Step 2: Start the tractor and turn on the power output to a low speed state, and at the same time turn on the controller power and set the AUTO automatic mode; Step 3: Adjust the quick-connect lever on the rear of the tractor and observe the indicator light on the controller or the rise and fall of the blade to ensure correct operation; Step 4: Adjust the blade to about 3-5 cm off the ground, and drive around the ground to determine the height difference of the ground; Step 5: Drive the grader to the highest point, operate the quick-connect joystick to keep the blade close to the ground, start walking, and unload the soil in the blade to the lowest point.

[0006] Preferably, the S1 land pretreatment also includes: applying basalt weathered sand with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm to improve the surface structure, with an amount of 8 tons / mu; the soil salt content needs to be tested before treatment, and when the EC value is >4 dS / m, 200 kg / mu of gypsum needs to be used for salt washing treatment.

[0007] Preferably, the installation of the S2 intelligent drip irrigation system specifically includes: Step 1: Regularly check the various components of the drip irrigation system to ensure that it is operating normally; Step 2: Clean the drippers regularly, replace the filters, set controller parameters, clean or replace clogged drippers to fix leaks in a timely manner.

[0008] Preferably, the S2 intelligent drip irrigation system also includes: using an integrated wireless sensor network to monitor soil moisture and temperature at soil depths of 10 cm, 25 cm, and 40 cm; and adjusting the irrigation volume and frequency of the drip irrigation system in real time according to the monitoring data to achieve precise irrigation.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom membrane in the S3 composite water-retaining layer construction adopts a 3D honeycomb ground membrane; specifically comprising: Step 1: Lay the 3D honeycomb ground film at a depth of 25cm on the ground, and press it down so that the ground film fits tightly to the ground without any gaps; Step 2: Leave appropriate gaps between the ground films so that the tape can touch the ground and prevent the ground films from slipping.

[0010] Preferably, the S5 precision sowing includes: before using the air suction type wheat precision seeder for sowing, adjusting the seed meter, left and right level, front and back level, lifting height and sowing depth; The seeding parameters are set to: The row spacing is set to 15cm and the sowing depth is controlled at 3-4cm; Choose drought-resistant winter wheat varieties and control the sowing rate at 18-20kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, the S6 secondary wheat cultivation includes: the first dripping is carried out within 24 hours after harvest, and the irrigation amount is controlled at 30m³ / ha; 0.02% chloranil solution is sprayed to inhibit the leggy growth of the secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; according to the growth of the secondary wheat, the spraying concentration and frequency of the chloranil solution are adjusted in time.

[0012] Preferably, the S7 no-tillage continuous planting includes: adding Trichoderma harzianum T-22 microbial agent every year, with a dosage of 5L / mu, to improve the soil microbial environment; using a disc harrow to loosen the soil before sowing each season to improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil; Biochar was applied in a three-year cycle, with the straw carbonization temperature at 450°C and the dosage at 2t / ha, to further improve the soil's fertility and water retention capacity.

[0013] Preferably, the S8 crop rotation management includes: using a magnetic separation type residual film recovery machine to recover residual film; after turning over the land and picking up the residual film in the 11th year, selecting and planting other crops suitable for the desert environment for crop rotation according to market demand and soil conditions.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention uses a laser land leveler and an intelligent drip irrigation system to achieve efficient land leveling and precise irrigation, greatly reducing labor costs and operational difficulties. At the same time, the construction of a composite water-retaining layer effectively improves the water-retaining capacity of the soil, reduces the number of irrigations and water consumption, and further improves planting efficiency.

[0015] 2. The present invention ensures the uniform distribution and healthy growth of wheat seeds through precise sowing and secondary wheat cultivation technology, and improves the emergence rate and survival rate of wheat. In addition, the no-tillage continuous planting technology reduces the number of soil turning times, protects the soil structure, is conducive to the development of wheat roots and the absorption of nutrients, thereby increasing wheat yields.

[0016] 3. The soil improvement measures in this technical solution, such as the application of basalt weathered sand, organic matter and sand-fixing and water-retaining agents, effectively improve the fertility and water-retaining capacity of the soil and reduce the impact of salinization on wheat growth. The long-term implementation of this technical solution is expected to gradually improve the desert soil environment and lay the foundation for sustainable agricultural development.

[0017] 4. Promote environmental protection: Through precise irrigation and residual film recycling, water waste and plastic pollution are reduced, which is in line with the concept of green agriculture and sustainable development. At the same time, the application of this technical solution also helps to reduce the risk of desertification and protect the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified flow chart of the method for planting winter wheat of the present invention. Figure 2 This is the ground leveling operation diagram of the laser land leveler of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a diagram of wheat planting in the one-tube four-row mode of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for growing winter wheat in desert land, the method for growing winter wheat comprising: S1, land pretreatment: use a laser land leveler to level the land, ensure the stability of the equipment and adjust the height of the blade, improve the soil structure by applying basalt weathered sand, test the soil salt content and carry out necessary salt washing, and at the same time increase the application of organic matter and water retaining agent to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity; S2, intelligent drip irrigation system; all necessary materials and tools need to be prepared, including drip irrigation tape, drip irrigation connector, drip irrigation pressure regulator, and filter; the layout and trajectory of the drip irrigation tape are arranged in straight lines, curves, and rings; the main pipeline is fixed at an appropriate location in the construction area, and the main pipeline is connected to the water supply source; the drip irrigation tape is laid on the soil surface of the crop root zone along the predetermined trajectory, and the drip irrigation tape is connected to the main pipeline using a drip irrigation connector; the drip irrigation pressure regulator is installed on the main pipeline to adjust the water pressure; the filter is installed at the water inlet of the main pipeline; Regularly inspect and maintain the drip irrigation system, including cleaning drippers, replacing filters and repairing leaks, and properly setting controller parameters to ensure that plants get the right amount of water; integrate wireless sensor networks to monitor soil moisture and temperature in real time for precise irrigation; S3, composite water-retaining layer construction; when laying 3D honeycomb mulch, ensure that it fits tightly to the ground, optimize the backfilling process, backfill diatomaceous earth and water-retaining agent at the bottom layer, and backfill improved sandy soil at the top layer to improve soil structure and water-retaining capacity; S4, ground leveling: use a pneumatic grader for secondary leveling to ensure that the ground leveling error is within the allowable range, and improve soil compaction by controlling the pressure of the pressing wheel; Use an air suction grader for secondary leveling to ensure that the ground flatness error is ≤3cm.

[0021] The pressure of the pressing wheel is controlled at 200kPa (the moisture content of the sand needs to reach 8~10%) to improve the compaction of the soil. S5, precision sowing: calibrate sowing equipment, adjust sowing parameters, select appropriate crop varieties and sowing rates, and ensure sowing uniformity and accuracy; S6, secondary wheat cultivation; control the amount of water for the first irrigation, and adjust the amount of subsequent irrigation in a timely manner according to the soil moisture and the growth of secondary wheat; spray oxadiazole solution to inhibit the excessive growth of secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; S7, no-tillage continuous planting; improve the soil environment by adding microbial agents, shallow loosening the soil and applying biochar, regularly check the soil condition and adjust the improvement measures to achieve no-tillage continuous planting; S8, crop rotation management; use magnetic separation residual film recovery machine to recover residual film, and properly dispose of the recovered residual film to avoid environmental pollution; reasonably select crop varieties and planting methods for rotation according to market demand and soil conditions; The S1 land pretreatment specifically includes: Step 1: Use a laser land leveler (accuracy ±2cm) to level the land. The transmitter tripod should be firmly set up at the edge of the field, and the height should be about 20cm higher than the tractor cab to obtain the best operating angle. Step 2: Start the tractor and turn on the power output to a low speed state, and at the same time turn on the controller power and set the AUTO automatic mode; Step 3: Adjust the quick-connect lever on the rear of the tractor and observe the indicator light on the controller or the rise and fall of the blade to ensure correct operation; Step 4: Adjust the blade to about 3-5 cm off the ground, and drive around the ground to determine the height difference of the ground; Step 5: Drive the grader to the highest point, operate the quick-connect joystick to keep the blade close to the ground, start walking, and unload the soil in the blade to the lowest point.

[0022] Among them, the S1 land pretreatment also includes: applying basalt weathered sand with a particle size of 0.5-2mm to improve the surface structure, with an amount of 8 tons / mu; the soil salt content needs to be tested before treatment, and when the EC value is >4 dS / m, 200kg / mu of gypsum is required for salt washing treatment.

[0023] The S2 intelligent drip irrigation system installation specifically includes: Step 1: Regularly check the various components of the drip irrigation system to ensure that it is operating normally; Step 2: Clean the drippers regularly, replace the filters, set controller parameters, clean or replace clogged drippers to fix water leaks in a timely manner.

[0024] The S2 intelligent drip irrigation system also includes: using an integrated wireless sensor network to monitor soil moisture and temperature at soil depths of 10cm, 25cm, and 40cm; adjusting the irrigation volume and frequency of the drip irrigation system in real time based on the monitoring data to achieve precise irrigation.

[0025] The bottom membrane of the S3 composite water-retaining layer is a 3D honeycomb ground membrane; specifically, it includes: Step 1: Lay the 3D honeycomb ground film at a depth of 25cm on the ground, and press it down so that the ground film fits tightly to the ground without any gaps; Step 2: Leave appropriate gaps between the ground films so that the tape can touch the ground and prevent the ground films from slipping.

[0026] Among them, the S5 precision sowing includes: before using an air-suction wheat precision seeder (such as Qingdao Hongzhu 2BMC-12) for sowing, adjust the seed meter, left and right level, front and back level, lifting height and sowing depth; ensure the uniformity and accuracy of sowing to avoid missed sowing or re-seeding.

[0027] The seeding parameters are set to: The row spacing is set to 15cm and the sowing depth is controlled at 3-4cm; Choose drought-resistant winter wheat varieties (such as Jingdong No. 22) and control the sowing rate at 18-20kg / mu.

[0028] Irrigation system: The S6 secondary wheat cultivation includes: the first dripping is carried out within 24 hours after harvest, and the irrigation volume is controlled at 30m³ / ha; 0.02% chloranil solution is sprayed to inhibit the excessive growth of the secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; the spraying concentration and frequency of chloranil solution are adjusted in time according to the growth of the secondary wheat.

[0029] The S7 no-tillage continuous planting includes: adding Trichoderma harzianum T-22 microbial agent every year, with a dosage of 5L / mu, to improve the soil microbial environment; using a disc harrow to loosen the soil (depth ≤ 5cm) before sowing each season to improve the soil's air permeability and water retention capacity; Biochar was applied in a three-year cycle, with the straw carbonization temperature at 450°C and the dosage at 2t / ha, to further improve the soil's fertility and water retention capacity.

[0030] Among them, the S8 rotation period management includes: using a magnetic separation residual film recovery machine to recover residual film, and the recovery rate should be ≥92%; after turning the land and picking up the residual film in the 11th year, choose to plant other crops suitable for the desert environment for rotation according to market demand and soil conditions.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for planting winter wheat in desert land, characterized in that: The winter wheat method comprises: S1, land pretreatment: use a laser land leveler to level the land, ensure the stability of the equipment and adjust the height of the blade, improve the soil structure by applying basalt weathered sand, test the soil salt content and carry out necessary salt washing, and at the same time increase the application of organic matter and water retaining agent to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity; S2, intelligent drip irrigation system; all necessary materials and tools need to be prepared, including drip irrigation tape, drip irrigation connector, drip irrigation pressure regulator, and filter; the layout and trajectory of the drip irrigation tape are arranged in straight lines, curves, and rings; the main pipeline is fixed at an appropriate location in the construction area, and the main pipeline is connected to the water supply source; the drip irrigation tape is laid on the soil surface of the crop root zone along the predetermined trajectory, and the drip irrigation tape is connected to the main pipeline using a drip irrigation connector; the drip irrigation pressure regulator is installed on the main pipeline to adjust the water pressure; Install the filter at the water inlet of the main pipe; Regularly inspect and maintain the drip irrigation system, including cleaning drippers, replacing filters and repairing leaks, and properly setting controller parameters to ensure that plants get the right amount of water; integrate wireless sensor networks to monitor soil moisture and temperature in real time for precise irrigation; S3, composite water-retaining layer construction; when laying the ground film, ensure that it fits tightly to the ground, optimize the backfilling process, backfill diatomaceous earth and water-retaining agent at the bottom layer, and backfill improved sandy soil at the top layer to improve soil structure and water-retaining capacity; S4, ground leveling: use a pneumatic grader for secondary leveling to ensure that the ground leveling error is within the allowable range, and improve soil compaction by controlling the pressure of the pressing wheel; S5, precision sowing: calibrate sowing equipment, adjust sowing parameters, select appropriate crop varieties and sowing rates, and ensure sowing uniformity and accuracy; S6, secondary wheat cultivation; control the amount of water for the first irrigation, and adjust the amount of subsequent irrigation in a timely manner according to the soil moisture and the growth of secondary wheat; spray oxadiazole solution to inhibit the excessive growth of secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; S7, no-tillage continuous planting; improve the soil environment by adding microbial agents, shallow loosening the soil and applying biochar, regularly check the soil condition and adjust the improvement measures to achieve no-tillage continuous planting; S8, crop rotation management; use magnetic separation residual film recovery machine to recover residual film, and properly dispose of the recovered residual film to avoid environmental pollution; reasonably select rotation crop varieties and planting methods according to market demand and soil conditions.

2. A method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 land pretreatment specifically includes: Step 1: Use a laser land leveler to level the land. The transmitter tripod must be firmly set up at the edge of the field, and the height must be about 20 cm higher than the tractor cab to obtain the best operating angle. Step 2: Start the tractor and turn on the power output to a low speed state, and at the same time turn on the controller power and set the AUTO automatic mode; Step 3: Adjust the quick-connect lever on the rear of the tractor and observe the indicator light on the controller or the rise and fall of the blade to ensure correct operation; Step 4: Adjust the blade to about 3-5 cm off the ground, and drive around the ground to determine the height difference of the ground; Step 5: Drive the grader to the highest point, operate the quick-connect joystick to keep the blade close to the ground, start walking, and unload the soil in the blade to the lowest point.

3. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 land pretreatment also includes: applying basalt weathered sand with a particle size of 0.5-2mm to improve the surface structure, with an amount of 8 tons / mu; the soil salt content needs to be tested before treatment, and when the EC value is >4 dS / m, 200kg / mu of gypsum needs to be used for salt washing treatment.

4. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 intelligent drip irrigation system installation specifically includes: Step 1: Regularly check the various components of the drip irrigation system to ensure that it is operating normally; Step 2: Clean the drippers regularly, replace the filters, set controller parameters, clean or replace clogged drippers to fix water leaks in a timely manner.

5. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 intelligent drip irrigation system also includes: using an integrated wireless sensor network to monitor soil moisture and temperature at soil depths of 10cm, 25cm, and 40cm; and adjusting the irrigation volume and frequency of the drip irrigation system in real time based on the monitoring data to achieve precise irrigation.

6. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom membrane of the S3 composite water-retaining layer is constructed using a 3D honeycomb ground membrane; specifically, it includes: Step 1: Lay the 3D honeycomb ground film at a depth of 25cm on the ground, and press it down so that the ground film fits tightly to the ground without any gaps; Step 2: Leave appropriate gaps between the ground films so that the tape can touch the ground and prevent the ground films from slipping.

7. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 precision seeding includes: before using the air suction wheat precision seeder for sowing, adjusting the seed meter, left and right level, front and back level, lifting height and sowing depth; planting in a one-tube four-row mode; The seeding parameters are set to: The row spacing is set to 15cm and the sowing depth is controlled at 3-4cm; Choose drought-resistant winter wheat varieties and control the sowing rate at 18-20kg / mu.

8. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 secondary wheat cultivation includes: the first dripping is carried out within 24 hours after harvest, and the irrigation amount is controlled at 30m³ / ha; 0.02% oxadiazole solution is sprayed to inhibit the excessive growth of the secondary wheat and promote its healthy growth; according to the growth of the secondary wheat, the spraying concentration and frequency of the oxadiazole solution are adjusted in time.

9. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S7 no-tillage continuous planting includes: adding Trichoderma harzianum T-22 microbial agent every year, with a dosage of 5L / mu, to improve the soil microbial environment; using a disc harrow to loosen the soil before sowing each season to improve the soil's air permeability and water retention capacity; Biochar was applied in a three-year cycle, with the straw carbonization temperature at 450°C and the dosage at 2t / ha, to further improve the soil's fertility and water retention capacity.

10. The method for planting winter wheat in desert land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S8 rotation period management includes: using a magnetic separation residual film recovery machine to recover residual film; after turning the soil and picking up the residual film in the 11th year, choosing to plant other crops suitable for the desert environment for rotation planting according to market demand and soil conditions.

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