Method for evaluating endangered grade of fish in cave
By obtaining the population distribution, life history and threat factors of cave fish, combining the IUCN evaluation system B standard and cave environmental dependence, the threat factor score is calculated, and the problem of endangered level assessment of cave fish is solved and scientific protection measures are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411661003.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-29
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to effectively evaluate the endangered level of cave fish, resulting in the inability to take corresponding protection measures.
A method was adopted, including obtaining the population distribution status, life history and threat factors of cave fish. Based on the IUCN evaluation system B standard, combined with the dependence of cave fish on the cave environment and threat factor scores, multiple adjustments were made to finally determine the endangered level of cave fish.
Ability to accurately assess the endangered level of cave fish, thereby developing effective protection measures to ensure the survival of cave fish.
Smart Images
Figure CN119903431A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application belongs to the field of biodiversity survey technology, and specifically relates to a method for assessing the endangered level of cave fish. Background Art
[0002] Biodiversity, the ecological complex formed by organisms and their environment, is a natural resource upon which human survival depends and a crucial foundation for the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature and sustainable development. my country attaches great importance to biodiversity conservation and has formulated a series of biodiversity conservation policies and standards. To address issues such as the unclear baseline and dynamics of biodiversity, biodiversity surveys and assessments are urgently needed.
[0003] Based on the endangered status of aquatic organisms in my country, great attention is currently paid to the endangered level classification, population status, risk factors and protection measures of endangered species in my country. At present, it is difficult to assess the endangered level of cave fish, and it is impossible to determine the corresponding protection measures. Based on this, a method that can effectively assess the endangered level of cave fish is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To solve the above problems and technical defects, the present application adopts the following technical solution, a method for assessing the endangered level of cave fish, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the population distribution, life history and threat factors of the target cave fish; Step 2: Based on the assessment system standards and combined with the population distribution of the target cave fish, a preliminary species level assessment of the extinction risk of the target cave fish is conducted to obtain a preliminary assessment result; Step 3: Obtain the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment based on its life history, and make a first adjustment to the preliminary assessment results based on the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment; Step 4: Calculate the score of each threat factor based on the threat factor of the target cave fish, and then calculate the final score of the threat factor. Make a second adjustment to the preliminary assessment result based on the final score to obtain the final assessment result and determine the endangered level of the target cave fish.
[0005] Preferably, the first adjustment of the preliminary assessment results in step 3 is to determine whether the entire life history of the target cave fish needs to be completed in the cave; If the target cave fish species needs to complete its entire life cycle in caves, the preliminary assessment results of the target cave fish species will be upgraded and the next step will be taken; If part of the life history of the target cave fish needs to be completed in a cave environment, proceed directly to the next step.
[0006] Preferably, the threat factors of the target cave fish in step 4 include: the degree of cave destruction, the degree of water pollution, whether there is water extraction from underground rivers, whether tourism projects are developed, whether there is human fishing, whether there is occasional invasion of surface species, and whether there are protective measures; The formula for calculating the final score of the threat factor is as follows:
[0007] Where n is the number of regions where the target cave fish are distributed, The score of the threat factor in each division area; The second adjustment of the preliminary evaluation results is to determine whether the final score is greater than or equal to the preset score; If the score is greater than or equal to the preset value, the preliminary assessment results of the target cave fish will be upgraded and proceed to the next step; If not, go directly to the next step.
[0008] Furthermore, the cave damage degree score is obtained by first obtaining the cave area and the destroyed cave area within the distribution area of the target cave fish, and then calculating the cave damage degree score based on the cave area and the destroyed cave area. The cave damage degree score calculation formula is as follows:
[0009] Furthermore, the water pollution degree score is obtained by first obtaining the water pollution degree of the target cave fish distribution area, then using multiple indicator limits of the surface water environmental quality standard to judge the water pollution degree, and obtaining the water quality classification result of the target cave fish distribution area. The water pollution degree score is obtained based on the water quality classification result. The water pollution degree score formula is as follows:
[0010] Furthermore, the underground river water extraction score for the presence or absence of underground river water extraction is obtained by first obtaining the rock wall reef depth of the main feeding area of the target cave fish, the water level fluctuation range after the water extraction equipment is operated, and the water level change range of the historical years. The underground river water extraction score is calculated based on the rock wall reef depth, water level fluctuation range, and water level change range. The calculation formula for the underground river water extraction score is as follows:
[0011] Furthermore, the tourism development score of whether to develop a tourism project is calculated by first obtaining the area of the distribution area of the target cave fish and the overlapping area of the distribution area and the tourism project area, and then calculating based on the area of the distribution area and the overlapping area to obtain the tourism development score. The tourism development score calculation formula is as follows:
[0012] Furthermore, the human fishing score for whether there is human fishing is obtained by first obtaining the fishing method in the distribution area of the target cave fish, assigning a value according to the fishing method, and obtaining the corresponding human fishing score. The human fishing score formula is as follows:
[0013] Furthermore, the surface occasional entry score calculation for the presence or absence of surface occasional entry is to first obtain the surface occasional entry species in the distribution area where the target cave fish is located, determine whether the surface occasional entry species is a native fish or a key invasive alien species under management, and obtain the relative importance index of the surface occasional entry species in the distribution area where the target cave fish is located; If the surface occasional species is a local fish species in the distribution area, the surface occasional score is calculated as follows:
[0014] If the surface occasional invasive species is a key invasive species under management in its distribution area, the surface occasional invasive species score is calculated as follows:
[0015] in, is the relative importance index.
[0016] Furthermore, the protection measure score calculation for the presence or absence of protection measures is to first obtain the area of the distribution area of the target cave fish, the overlapping area of the distribution area and the protected area, and then calculate the proportion of the overlapping area in the area of the distribution area. The protection measure score calculation formula is as follows:
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: This application is based on the B standard in the IUCN assessment system, combined with the special characteristics of cave fish habitats, and directly or indirectly assesses the risk of extinction of target cave fish based on their distribution or population status. Species for which data are available are preliminarily determined to be unclassified and enter the next step of assessment. Taking into account the dependence of cave fish on the cave environment, the endangered level of species that need to complete their entire life history in caves will be upgraded and enter the next step. Species that need to complete part of their life history in the cave environment will directly enter the next step. The cumulative score obtained by the impact of threatening factors on the degree of survival is then used for assessment, and the endangered level of the target cave fish is finally determined, so that corresponding species protection can be carried out according to the endangered level of the target cave fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] In the attached figure: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the method steps of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a method for assessing the endangered level of cave fishes is characterized by comprising the following steps: Obtain the population distribution, life history and threat factors of target cave fish; Based on the assessment system standards and combined with the population distribution status of the target cave fish, a preliminary species level assessment of the risk of extinction of the target cave fish was conducted, and preliminary assessment results were obtained; The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Species is a formal standard used worldwide to effectively assess the extinction risk status of species. In the assessment of cave fish, the IUCN Red List assessment system has five assessment system standards, namely A, B, C, D and E. Only the assessment system B standard is assessed based on the species distribution range. The other assessment system standards are related to population size, mature individuals and extinction probability. However, since data on cave fish population sizes are difficult to obtain and there is a lack of long-term monitoring data on cave fish, the four standards A, C, D and E are not suitable for the assessment of cave fish. Therefore, the assessment system standard adopts the IUCN assessment system B standard.
[0021] According to the life history of the target cave fish, the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment is obtained, and the initial assessment results are adjusted for the first time according to the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment; The first adjustment to the initial assessment results is to determine whether the target cave fish species need to complete their entire life history in caves; If the target cave fish species needs to complete its entire life cycle in caves, the preliminary assessment results of the target cave fish species will be upgraded and the next step will be taken; If part of the life history of the target cave fish needs to be completed in a cave environment, proceed directly to the next step.
[0022] Calculate the score of each threat factor based on the threat factors of the target cave fish, and then calculate the final score of the threat factor. Make a second adjustment to the preliminary assessment result based on the final score to obtain the final assessment result and determine the endangered level of the target cave fish.
[0023] Threat factors for target cave fish include: degree of cave destruction, degree of water pollution, presence of underground river water extraction, presence of tourism projects, presence of human fishing, presence of occasional introduction of surface species, and presence of protective measures. The second adjustment of the preliminary evaluation results is to determine whether the final score is greater than or equal to the preset score; If the score is greater than or equal to the preset value, the preliminary assessment results of the target cave fish will be upgraded and proceed to the next step; If not, go directly to the next step.
[0024] The cave damage degree score is obtained by first obtaining the cave area and the destroyed cave area within the distribution area of the target cave fish, and then calculating the cave damage degree score based on the cave area and the destroyed cave area. If the cave area is damaged by less than 5%, it is considered good; if it is damaged by 5% to 10%, it is considered slight; if it is damaged by 10% to 15%, it is considered moderate; if it is damaged by 15% to 20%, it is considered major; if it is damaged by more than 20%, it is considered severe. The calculation formula for the cave damage degree score is as follows:
[0025] The water pollution degree score is obtained by first obtaining the water pollution degree of the target cave fish distribution area, then using multiple indicator limits of the surface water environmental quality standard to judge the water pollution degree, and obtaining the water quality classification result of the target cave fish distribution area. The water pollution degree score is obtained based on the water quality classification result. The water pollution degree score formula is as follows:
[0026] The Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002) has a total of 24 indicator limits, Class I water quality is good; Class II water quality is mild; Class III water quality is fair; Class IV water quality is major; and Class V water quality is severe.
[0027] The underground river water extraction score of whether there is underground river water extraction is obtained by first obtaining the rock wall reef depth of the main feeding area of the target cave fish, the water level fluctuation range after the water extraction equipment is operated, and the water level change range of the historical years. The underground river water extraction score is calculated based on the rock wall reef depth, water level fluctuation range, and water level change range. A water level drop of 0-20% is good, 20%-40% is fair; 40%-60% is slight, 60%-80% is major; and more than 80% is severe. The calculation formula for underground river water withdrawal score is as follows:
[0028] The tourism development score for whether to develop a tourism project is calculated by first obtaining the area of the distribution area of the target cave fish and the overlapping area between the distribution area and the tourism project area. Then, the tourism development score is calculated based on the area and overlapping area of the distribution area. An overlapping area of less than 10% is good; 10%-20% is mild; 20%-30% is general; 30%-40% is major; and more than 50% is serious.
[0029] The formula for calculating the tourism development score is as follows:
[0030] The human fishing score for whether there is human fishing is obtained by first obtaining the fishing methods in the distribution area of the target cave fish, assigning a value based on the fishing methods, and obtaining the corresponding human fishing score. No fishing is good; fishing by a single person with a single rod and a single hook is minor; fishing by a single person with multiple rods and multiple hooks is fair; fishing with nets such as gillnets or ground traps is major; and fishing with electric fishing, blasting fish, or poisoning fish is severe. The human fishing scoring formula is as follows:
[0031] The calculation of the score of surface occasional introduction of target cave fish is to first obtain the surface occasional introduction of target cave fish in the distribution area, determine whether the surface occasional introduction of target cave fish is a native fish or a key invasive species, and then obtain the relative importance index of the surface occasional introduction of target cave fish in the distribution area. Occasionally introduced species are “indigenous” fish, with an IRI of <10 indicating good, 10 ≤ IRI <100 indicating slight, 100 ≤ IRI <1000 indicating fair, and 1000 ≤ IRI indicating serious. Occasionally introduced species are “key invasive alien species under management” indicating serious. If the surface occasional species is a local fish species in the distribution area, the surface occasional score is calculated as follows:
[0032] If the surface occasional invasive species is a key invasive species under management in its distribution area, the surface occasional invasive species score is calculated as follows:
[0033] in, is the relative importance index.
[0034] The calculation of the protection measure score for the presence or absence of protection measures is to first obtain the regional area of the distribution area of the target cave fish, the overlapping area of the distribution area and the protected area, and then calculate the proportion of the overlapping area in the regional area of the distribution area. The overlapping area of 100% to 80% is good; 80% to 60% is mild; 60% to 40% is fair; 40% to 20% is major; and less than 20% is severe. The formula for calculating the protection measure score is as follows:
[0035] The formula for calculating the final score of the threat factor is as follows:
[0036] Where n is the number of regions where the target cave fish are distributed, The score of the threat factor in each division area.
[0037] The preliminary and final assessment results include: good, minor, general, major, severe, endangered and critically endangered.
[0038] A final score greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.2 is considered good; A final score greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.4 is considered mild; The final score is greater than or equal to 0.4 and less than 0.6, which is fair; A final score greater than or equal to 0.6 and less than 0.8 is considered significant; The final score is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1, which is severe; The final score is greater than 1 and less than 3, which is endangered. A final score of 3 or greater is considered critical.
[0039] Example 2 Cave fish A relies on caves for its entire life cycle (requiring special habitats), and its distribution area is <20,000 km 2 , and meets the criterion of being distributed in only 10 sites, which meets the Vulnerable (VU) in the B1 criterion. Therefore, the initial assessment is Vulnerable (VU), and its entire life history needs to be studied in caves to upgrade the endangered level to Endangered (EN); The destroyed caves in distribution area A account for 1% of the distribution area, with a score of 0.04 = 1% × 4; A distribution area is Class I water, score = 0.1; Whether there is water intake from underground rivers: The depth of the rock wall reef in the main feeding area of A is 11 meters. The annual water level fluctuation range in this area is between 0.5 meters. After the operation of the surrounding water intake equipment, the annual average water level fluctuation range in this area is between 3.5 meters. The score is 0.27 = (3.5-0.3) / 11; Within distribution area A, 30% of the distribution area overlaps with the tourism project area, with a score of 0.6 = 30% × 2; In distribution area A, there is a single person fishing with multiple rods and multiple hooks, with a score of 0.3; Among the 10 sites in distribution area A, 1 site had occasional introduction of alien invasive species, with an IRI index of 0.2 and a score of 0.9; There were occasional incursions of “indigenous” fish at five sites, where the IRI indices were 68, 71, 74, 60, and 60, and their scores were 0.327, 0.334, 0.341, 0.31, and 0.31, respectively; There were no “indigenous” fish occasional introductions at the four sites, with IRI indices of 9, 2, 4, and 5, all with scores of 0; The score for the presence or absence of occasional invasion of surface species is 0.252=0.9×0.1+0.327×0.1+0.334×0.1+0.341×0.1+0.31×0.1+0.31×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1; Among the 10 distribution sites of A, 6 have protected areas, of which the distribution area overlaps with the protected areas by 80%, 72%, 35%, 31%, 38% and 36% respectively; 4 sites have no protected areas; The scores of each location were 0.2, 0.28, 0.65, 0.69, 0.62, 0.64, 0, 0, 0, 0; The score is 0.308=0.2×0.1+0.28×0.1+0.65×0.1+0.69×0.1+0.62×0.1+0.64×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1+0×0.1 Taking into account the overall degree to which the seven populations are affected by threatening factors, the standards for further upgrading the evaluation level are not met.
[0040]
[0041] According to the IUCN Red List assessment system standard B1, whether the entire life history requires special habitats, and analysis of the impact of seven threatening factors, species A is endangered (EN).
[0042] Example 3 Cave fish B relies on caves for only some life stages, and its distribution area is <100 km 2, and meets the criteria of being distributed in only one location, meeting the Critically Endangered (CR) criteria in B1 In distribution area B, the destroyed caves account for 18% of the distribution area, with a score of 0.72 = 18% × 4; B distribution area is Class III water, score = 0.5; The depth of the rock wall reef in the main feeding area of B is 5.5m. The annual water level fluctuation range in this area is between 0.5m. After the operation of the surrounding water intake equipment, the annual average water level fluctuation range in this area is between 5m. The score is 0.818 = (5-0.5) / 5.5; B. There are no tourism development projects in the distribution area, score = 0; In distribution area B, there is a single person fishing with a single rod, score = 0.3; The occasional surface species in distribution area B is an “indigenous” fish with an IRI index of 8, 0.16=8×0.02; The area where B is distributed has no protected area and the score is 1; The overall degree of exposure of the seven populations to these threats is assessed, with a total score greater than 3. This has met the criteria for upgrading the assessment to Critically Endangered (CR).
[0043]
[0044] According to the IUCN Red List assessment system standard B1, whether the entire life history requires special habitats, and analysis of the impact of seven threatening factors, the endangered level of species B is Critically Endangered (CR).
[0045] The above-described embodiments merely represent preferred implementations of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations, improvements, and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for assessing the endangered status of cave fish, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the population distribution, life history and threat factors of the target cave fish; Step 2: Based on the evaluation system standards and combined with the population distribution of the target cave fish, a preliminary species level evaluation is conducted on the risk level of extinction of the target cave fish to obtain a preliminary evaluation result; Step 3: According to the life history of the target cave fish, the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment is obtained, and the initial assessment result is adjusted for the first time according to the dependence of the target cave fish on the cave environment; Step 4: Calculate the score of each threat factor based on the threat factor of the target cave fish, and then calculate the final score of the threat factor. Make a second adjustment to the preliminary assessment result based on the final score to obtain the final assessment result and determine the endangered level of the target cave fish.
2. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adjustment of the preliminary assessment results in step 3 is to determine whether the entire life history of the target cave fish needs to be completed in the cave; If the target cave fish needs to complete its entire life history in the cave, the preliminary assessment results of the target cave fish are upgraded and proceed to the next step; If part of the life history of the target cave fish needs to be completed in a cave environment, proceed directly to the next step.
3. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threat factors of the target cave fish in step 4 include: the degree of cave destruction, the degree of water pollution, whether there is water extraction from underground rivers, whether tourism projects are developed, whether there is human fishing, whether there are occasional introductions of surface species, and whether there are protective measures; The formula for calculating the final score of the threat factor is as follows: Where n is the number of regions where the target cave fish are distributed. The score of the threat factor in each division area; The second adjustment of the preliminary evaluation results is to determine whether the final score is greater than or equal to the preset score; If the score is greater than or equal to the preset score, the preliminary assessment result of the target cave fish is upgraded and proceed to the next step; If not, go directly to the next step.
4. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cave damage degree score is obtained by first obtaining the cave area and the destroyed cave area in the distribution area of the target cave fish, and then calculating the cave damage degree score based on the cave area and the destroyed cave area. The cave damage degree score calculation formula is as follows: 。 5. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water pollution degree score is obtained by first obtaining the water pollution degree of the target cave fish distribution area, and then using multiple indicator limits of the surface water environmental quality standard to judge the water pollution degree, and obtaining the water quality classification result of the target cave fish distribution area, and obtaining the water pollution degree score according to the water quality classification result. The water pollution degree score formula is as follows: 。 6. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The underground river water extraction score of whether there is underground river water extraction phenomenon is obtained by first obtaining the rock wall reef depth of the main feeding area of the target cave fish, the water level fluctuation range after the water extraction equipment is operated, and the water level change range of the historical years, and then calculating according to the rock wall reef depth, water level fluctuation range, and water level change range to obtain the underground river water extraction score. The calculation formula of the underground river water extraction score is as follows: 。 7. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the tourism development score of whether to develop a tourism project is to first obtain the area of the distribution area of the target cave fish, the overlapping area of the distribution area and the tourism project area, and then calculate according to the area of the distribution area and the overlapping area to obtain the tourism development score. The tourism development score calculation formula is as follows: 。 8. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The human fishing score for whether there is human fishing is obtained by first obtaining the fishing method in the distribution area of the target cave fish, assigning a value according to the fishing method, and obtaining the corresponding human fishing score. The human fishing score formula is as follows: 。 9. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation of the score of the occasional surface introduction of the target cave fish is to first obtain the situation of the occasional surface introduction in the distribution area of the target cave fish, determine whether the occasional surface introduction species is a local fish or a key invasive alien species, and obtain the relative importance index of the occasional surface introduction in the distribution area of the target cave fish; If the surface occasional species is a local fish in the distribution area, the surface occasional score is calculated as follows: 。 10. If the surface occasional invasive species is a key invasive alien species under management in its distribution area, the surface occasional invasive species score calculation formula is as follows: in, is the relative importance index.
11. A method for cave fish endangerment assessment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation of the protection measure score for whether or not there are protection measures is to first obtain the area of the distribution area of the target cave fish, the overlapping area of the distribution area and the protected area, and then calculate the proportion of the overlapping area in the area of the distribution area. The protection measure score calculation formula is as follows: 。