A lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of lithium battery technology and discloses a lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure, comprising: a housing, wherein an installation slot and two installation cylinders are installed inside the housing, the installation slot is located between the two installation cylinders, and a battery pack is installed in the installation slot; a waterproof cover is installed on the top of the housing via a hinge; a fire extinguishing device for extinguishing flames when the battery pack catches fire; a self-locking device for self-locking the waterproof cover when the battery pack catches fire; and a power disconnection device for disconnecting the power connection when the battery pack catches fire. The fire extinguishing device allows two fire extinguishing units to be quickly activated when the battery pack inside the housing catches fire, spraying extinguishing agent onto the battery pack to quickly cover the fire source, achieving immediate fire extinguishing and preventing the fire from spreading rapidly and causing a larger fire if the battery pack fire in the electric vehicle is not detected and addressed in a timely manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery technology, and more specifically to a lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure. Background Technology

[0002] A lithium battery module is a combination of several individual battery cells connected in series and parallel through conductive connectors to form a power source. These cells are fixed in their designed positions through processes and structures, working together to perform the functions of charging, discharging, and storing electrical energy. Lithium battery modules are adjustable modules with high flexibility in combination, allowing voltage and capacity to be adjusted according to needs. Through the synergistic effect of the battery management system and thermal management system, lithium battery modules have higher safety and stability. They also have a long lifespan during cycle use and a high remaining capacity retention rate. Lithium battery modules are used in many fields, with electric vehicles being a particularly widespread application.

[0003] Chinese patent CN110783510B discloses "a soft-pack lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure," comprising a battery module, a stacked busbar, a cover plate, a top cover, side plates, and pressure plates. The battery module is composed of soft-pack cells. Stacked busbars are located at both ends of the battery module, each consisting of an insulating plate and a busbar. The soft-pack cells are welded to the busbars. A cover plate is located at the top of the battery module, with horizontal and vertical reinforcing ribs on its upper side. A top cover is located outside the stacked busbars, containing through holes and a fixing plate. Side plates are located on the left and right sides of the battery module, connected to the top cover via bolts and fixing holes. Pressure plates are located on the top and bottom sides of the battery module, welded to the side plates using laser welding. Under the action of the fixing device, the battery module receives good protection. This patent has the advantages of reasonable structure, high assembly efficiency, good heat conduction, and low cost.

[0004] However, the existing technology has the following problems:

[0005] After lithium battery modules are installed in electric bicycles, they may spontaneously combust due to factors such as battery aging, improper charging and discharging, excessively high ambient temperatures, or damage to the lithium battery modules. Because lithium battery modules have high internal energy density, the fire spreads rapidly when they spontaneously combust. Before people have time to extinguish the fire, it can spread to the electric bicycle and surrounding flammable materials, causing significant economic losses and safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure to solve the above-mentioned problems and overcome the defects of the prior art, as detailed below.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure, comprising:

[0009] The enclosure has an internal mounting slot and two mounting cylinders. The mounting slot is located between the two mounting cylinders. A battery pack is installed in the mounting slot. A waterproof cover is installed on the top of the enclosure via a hinge.

[0010] Fire extinguishing devices are used to extinguish flames when a battery pack catches fire.

[0011] A self-locking device is used to lock the waterproof cover in the event of a battery pack fire;

[0012] A power disconnect device used to disconnect the electrical connection in the event of a battery pack fire;

[0013] The fire extinguishing device includes two sets of fire extinguishing units, which are respectively installed in two mounting cylinders. Each fire extinguishing unit has a nozzle on its top and a pressure rod on its nozzle. A connecting ring is slidably connected to the pressure rod.

[0014] Preferably, two elastic sliders are slidably installed on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing, and four elastic sliders are located on the front and rear sides of the two sets of fire extinguishing units. A spring is provided between the elastic slider and the inner wall of the housing. A pull rod is connected to the side of the elastic slider away from the spring. A first slider is connected to the end of the pull rod away from the elastic slider. The four first sliders are slidably connected to the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing. A fastener is connected to the side of the first slider away from the pull rod. A buckle is fastened to the fastener. A fusible link is connected between two buckles located on the same inner wall of the housing. A smooth rod is connected between two elastic sliders located on the front and rear sides of the same fire extinguishing unit. The outer walls of the two smooth rods are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two connecting rings.

[0015] Preferably, a fireproof pad is installed at the bottom of the box, multiple flame-retardant cottons are connected to the four outer walls of the box, and rubber rings are connected to the top surface of the box and the bottom surface of the waterproof cover.

[0016] Preferably, the battery pack is equipped with a wiring module, which has multiple interfaces, connectors that are plugged into the interfaces, and wires that are attached to the connectors.

[0017] Preferably, the self-locking device includes a second slider, which is slidably mounted on the inner front wall of the housing. Connecting rods are respectively hinged to both ends of the second slider. The ends of the two connecting rods away from the second slider are respectively hinged to two first sliders located in front. Two rotating rods are rotatably mounted on the second slider, and latches are connected to the two rotating rods. Two inclined slot frames are installed on the inner front wall of the housing, and a locking hook is connected to the bottom surface of the waterproof cover.

[0018] Preferably, the two inclined slot frames are located on both sides of the second slider, and the inclined slot frames are provided with inclined sliding grooves. The outer wall of the buckle is slidably connected to the inclined sliding grooves of the two inclined slot frames, and the buckle contacts the locking hook during the movement.

[0019] Preferably, a latch is rotatably installed on the front side of the waterproof cover, a locking ring is installed on the front side of the box body, the latch is engaged with the locking ring, and a one-way exhaust valve is installed on the top of the waterproof cover.

[0020] Preferably, a sealing plate is connected to the bottom of the second slider, the sealing plate is slidably connected to the front inner wall of the box, a sliding shaft is connected to the front side of the sealing plate, an elongated groove is opened on the front side of the box, the sliding shaft is slidably connected to the elongated groove of the box, and a lever is connected to the end of the sliding shaft away from the sealing plate, the lever being located outside the box.

[0021] Preferably, the power-off device includes a square groove gasket, which is placed above the wiring module. The square groove gasket has multiple square grooves, which are respectively fitted onto multiple interfaces. The bottom surfaces of the multiple interfaces are in contact with the top surface of the square groove gasket. The front and rear sides of the square groove gasket are respectively connected to pry shafts. Two support frames are installed on the top surface of the wiring module, and pry bars are rotatably installed on the support frames.

[0022] Preferably, the two pry bars are located on the front and rear sides of the square groove gasket, respectively. One end of the pry bar is L-shaped, and the other end of the pry bar is fork-shaped. The L-shaped ends of the two pry bars are in contact with the right-side smooth rod, and the fork-shaped ends of the two pry bars are in contact with the two pry shafts respectively.

[0023] The beneficial effects are:

[0024] 1. This lithium battery module, featuring a multi-level protection structure, incorporates a fire extinguishing device. In the event of a fire within the battery pack, two fire extinguishing units can be quickly activated, spraying extinguishing agent onto the battery pack to rapidly cover the fire source and extinguish it immediately. This prevents the fire from spreading rapidly and escalating into a larger blaze due to failure to detect and address the fire in a timely manner. The waterproof cover provides both waterproofing and sealing, slowing the spread of fire. Furthermore, the fireproof pad and multiple flame-retardant cotton components work together to provide vibration damping and protection for the battery pack, while also acting as a fire isolation barrier, further reducing the speed of fire spread.

[0025] 2. This lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure features a self-locking device. When a fire breaks out inside the casing, the latch engages with the hook, locking the waterproof cover and isolating it from external oxygen. This causes the fire inside the casing to extinguish quickly due to lack of oxygen and prevents reignition upon contact with oxygen. The paddle allows users to open the waterproof cover from the outside, improving convenience.

[0026] 3. This lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure, through the setting of a power-off device, allows the square slot gasket to move upward and pull out multiple connectors after the battery pack catches fire, thereby cutting off the power supply, preventing the fire from spreading through the wires after the battery pack catches fire, and also preventing electric shock accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing unit structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fuse structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-locking device structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the locking hook structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the paddle structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the power-off device structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the square groove gasket structure of the present invention.

[0039] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are explained as follows: 1. Housing; 11. Mounting slot; 12. Mounting cylinder; 2. Waterproof cover; 21. One-way exhaust valve; 22. Rubber ring; 3. Battery pack; 31. Wiring module; 32. Connector; 33. Interface; 4. Fire extinguishing device; 41. Fire extinguishing unit; 42. Pressure rod; 43. Connecting ring; 44. Smooth rod; 45. Elastic slider; 46. Pull rod; 47. First slider; 48. Fastener; 49. Buckle ring; 410. Fuse; 5. Self-locking device; 51. Second slider; 52. Rotating rod; 53. Buckle rod; 54. Inclined slot frame; 55. Connecting rod; 56. Lock hook; 57. Sealing plate; 58. Sliding shaft; 59. Paddle; 510. Locking buckle; 511. Locking ring; 6. Power-off device; 61. Square slot gasket; 62. Support frame; 63. Pry bar; 64. Pry bar shaft; 7. Fireproof pad; 8. Flame-retardant cotton. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0041] First Embodiment

[0042] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 6A lithium battery module with a multi-level protection structure includes: a housing 1, with an installation groove 11 and two installation cylinders 12 installed inside the housing 1. The installation groove 11 is located between the two installation cylinders 12, and a battery pack 3 is installed in the installation groove 11. A waterproof cover 2 is installed on the top of the housing 1 via a hinge. A fireproof pad 7 is installed on the bottom of the housing 1. Multiple flame-retardant cotton 8 are connected to the four outer walls of the housing 1. The housing 1 can be installed inside an electric vehicle. The fireproof pad 7 and the multiple flame-retardant cotton 8 can isolate the bottom and sides of the housing 1 from the electric vehicle, and also provide a certain degree of vibration damping. When the electric vehicle bumps, the vibration of the housing 1 can be reduced. The fireproof pad 7 and the flame-retardant cotton 8 can play a certain role in fire isolation and reduce the speed of fire spread. To buy time for firefighting and reduce fire losses, the top surface of the housing 1 and the bottom surface of the waterproof cover 2 are respectively connected to rubber rings 22. The waterproof cover 2 can prevent water from entering the top of the housing 1 during rainy weather, which could cause water to enter the battery pack 3 and cause malfunction. When the waterproof cover 2 is closed, the two rubber rings 22 fit together. There are also multiple wire grooves between the two rubber rings 22. A wiring module 31 is installed on the battery pack 3. The wiring module 31 is equipped with multiple interfaces 33. Connectors 32 are plugged into the interfaces 33. Wires are provided on the connectors 32. After the multiple connectors 32 are connected to the multiple interfaces 33 on the wiring module 31, the wires are led out along the wire grooves between the two rubber rings 22 and connected to the corresponding equipment of the electric vehicle. Fire extinguishing device 4 is used to extinguish the flames when the battery pack 3 catches fire.The fire extinguishing device 4 includes two sets of fire extinguishing units 41, which are similar to miniature fire extinguishers. The two sets of fire extinguishing units 41 are respectively installed in two mounting cylinders 12. A nozzle is provided on the top of each fire extinguishing unit 41, and a pressure rod 42 is provided on each nozzle. The pressure rod 42 acts as an on / off switch for the nozzle of the fire extinguishing unit 41. A connecting ring 43 is slidably connected to the pressure rod 42. Two elastic sliders 45 are slidably installed on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing 1, respectively. The four elastic sliders 45 are located on the front and rear sides of the two sets of fire extinguishing units 41. A spring is provided between the elastic sliders 45 and the inner wall of the housing 1. The side of the elastic slider 45 away from the spring is connected to... There is a pull rod 46, and the end of the pull rod 46 away from the elastic slider 45 is connected to a first slider 47. The four first sliders 47 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the housing 1 respectively. The side of the first slider 47 away from the pull rod 46 is connected to a fastener 48, and a buckle 49 is fastened to the fastener 48. A fusible link 410 is connected between two buckles 49 located on the same inner wall of the housing 1. The fusible link 410 will melt and break quickly at high temperature. A smooth rod 44 is connected between two elastic sliders 45 located on the front and rear sides of the same fire extinguishing unit 41. The outer walls of the two smooth rods 44 are slidably connected to the inner walls of two connecting rings 43 respectively. When the two fusible links are connected to the inner walls of the two connecting rings 43, the fusible link 410 will break quickly at high temperature. After 410 breaks, the four first sliders 47 lose their tension on the four elastic sliders 45, causing the four elastic sliders 45 to rebound due to the spring force. The four elastic sliders 45 respectively drive the two smooth rods 44 to move away from each other. When the smooth rods 44 move, they actuate the pressure rods 42 through the connecting rings 43. After the two pressure rods 42 are actuated, the two sets of fire extinguishing units 41 are activated, spraying fire extinguishing agent onto the battery pack 3, and simultaneously filling the box 1 with fire extinguishing agent, achieving the effect of quickly extinguishing the fire source inside the box 1. Through the setting of the fire extinguishing device 4, when the battery pack 3 inside the box 1 catches fire, the two sets of fire extinguishing units 41 can be activated quickly. The fire extinguishing agent is sprayed onto the battery pack 3 to quickly cover the fire source, achieving immediate fire suppression and preventing the fire from spreading rapidly and causing a larger fire if the battery pack 3 catches fire in the electric vehicle and measures are not taken in time. The waterproof cover 2 serves both waterproofing and sealing purposes, slowing the spread of fire. The fireproof pad 7 and multiple flame-retardant cotton balls 8 work together to provide vibration damping and protection for the casing 1, while also acting as a fire isolation mechanism, further reducing the speed of fire spread.

[0043] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 7 - Figure 9A self-locking device 5 is used to self-lock the waterproof cover 2 when the battery pack 3 catches fire. The self-locking device 5 includes a second slider 51, which is slidably mounted on the inner front wall of the housing 1. Connecting rods 55 are hinged to both ends of the second slider 51. The ends of the two connecting rods 55 away from the second slider 51 are respectively hinged to two first sliders 47 located at the front. Two rotating rods 52 are rotatably mounted on the second slider 51, and latches 53 are connected to the two rotating rods 52. Two inclined slot frames 54 are installed on the inner front wall of the housing 1. A locking hook 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the waterproof cover 2. The two inclined slot frames 54 are located on both sides of the second slider 51, and inclined slots are provided on the inclined slot frames 54. The outer wall of the latches 53 is connected to... The two inclined slide frames 54 are slidably connected by their inclined slides. The two first sliders 47 drive the second slider 51 to slide downwards via two connecting rods 55. The second slider 51 drives the latch 53 to move downwards via two rotating rods 52. The latch 53 slides downwards along the inclined slides of the two inclined slide frames 54. During the movement, the latch 53 contacts the locking hook 56. The latch 53 contacts the bottom of the locking hook 56 during the movement, locking the waterproof cover 2 from the inside of the box 1. After the two rubber rings 22 are pressed together, a good sealing effect is achieved, thereby isolating the oxygen in the box 1, accelerating the fire extinguishing process, and preventing external oxygen from entering the box 1 and causing reignition after the fire source is extinguished. The front side of the waterproof cover 2 is rotatably equipped with a latch. 510. A locking ring 511 is installed on the front side of the housing 1. The latch 510 is engaged with the locking ring 511. The waterproof cover 2 can be fastened to the locking ring 511 by the latch 510 to achieve a locking effect, preventing the waterproof cover 2 from being bumped during use. In the event of a fire inside the housing 1, the waterproof cover 2 can also isolate oxygen, promoting fire extinguishing efficiency. A one-way exhaust valve 21 is installed on the top of the waterproof cover 2. The one-way exhaust valve 21 can only exhaust air and not allow air to enter, allowing high-pressure gas inside the housing 1 to be discharged, preventing the waterproof cover 2 from being forced open due to excessive internal pressure. It can also prevent oxygen from flowing back into the housing 1. The bottom of the second slider 51 is connected to a sealing plate 57. The sealing plate 57 is slidably connected to the inner front wall of the box 1. A sliding shaft 58 is connected to the front side of the sealing plate 57. A long groove is opened on the front side of the box 1. The sliding shaft 58 is slidably connected to the long groove of the box 1. A lever 59 is connected to the end of the sliding shaft 58 away from the sealing plate 57. The lever 59 is located outside the box 1. When the lever 59 is pushed upward, the lever 59 drives the sealing plate 57 to move upward through the sliding shaft 58. The sealing plate 57 drives the second slider 51 to move upward, thereby disengaging the latch 53 from the locking hook 56. At this time, the waterproof cover 2 can be opened to carry out subsequent processing inside the box 1. During the movement, the sealing plate 57 always covers the long groove of the box 1 to prevent the long groove from communicating with the internal space of the box 1 and causing air leakage.The self-locking device 5, in conjunction with the locking hook 56, allows the latch 53 to engage with the locking hook 56 when a fire breaks out inside the enclosure 1, effectively locking the waterproof cover 2. This isolates the enclosure 1 from external oxygen, causing the fire inside to extinguish quickly due to lack of oxygen and preventing reignition upon contact with oxygen. The lever 59 allows the user to open the waterproof cover 2 from the outside, improving convenience.

[0044] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 10 - Figure 11 Power-off device 6 is used to disconnect the power connection when battery pack 3 catches fire. Power-off device 6 includes a square groove gasket 61, which is placed above the wiring module 31. The square groove gasket 61 has multiple square grooves, which are respectively fitted onto multiple interfaces 33. The bottom surfaces of multiple connectors 32 are in contact with the top surface of the square groove gasket 61. The square groove gasket 61 is located between the multiple connectors 32 and the multiple interfaces 33. After the multiple interfaces 33 are connected to the multiple connectors 32, the multiple connectors 32 abut against the multiple square grooves. The front and rear sides of the square groove gasket 61 are respectively connected to pry shafts 64. Two support brackets 62 are installed on the top surface of the wiring module 31. Pry bars 63 are rotatably installed on the support brackets 62. The two pry bars 63 are located on the front and rear sides of the square groove gasket 61, respectively. One end of the pry bar 63 is set as L-shaped, and the other end of the pry bar 63 is set as L-shaped. The device is configured in a fork shape, with the L-shaped ends of the two levers 63 contacting the right-hand light rod 44. The fork-shaped ends of the two levers 63 are in contact with the two pry bars 64. The right-hand light rod 44 pushes the L-shaped ends of the two levers 63 downwards and to the right, causing the two levers 63 to use leverage to pry the two pry bars 64 upwards through their fork-shaped ends. The two pry bars 64 drive the square groove gasket 61 to move upwards. After the square groove gasket 61 moves upwards, it applies an upward pushing force to multiple connectors 32, causing the multiple connectors 32 to move upwards and disengage from multiple interfaces 33, thereby achieving the effect of power cut-off and causing the battery pack 3 to lose connection with external devices. Through the setting of the power cut-off device 6, after the battery pack 3 catches fire, the square groove gasket 61 can pull out multiple connectors 32 by moving upwards, thereby cutting off the power supply and preventing the fire from spreading through the wires after the battery pack 3 catches fire, while also preventing electric shock accidents.

[0045] In this embodiment, the battery pack 3 is installed in the mounting slot 11, which improves the stability of the battery pack 3. The two mounting cylinders 12 can maintain the stability of the two fire extinguishing units 41. The box 1 can be installed inside the electric vehicle. The fireproof pad 7 and multiple flame-retardant cotton 8 can isolate the bottom and sides of the box 1 from the electric vehicle, and also have a certain vibration damping effect. When the electric vehicle bumps, it can reduce the vibration of the box 1. When the electric vehicle collides, the flame-retardant cotton 8 and the fireproof pad 7 can also play a protective role. When a fire starts in the external space of the box 1 or inside the box 1, the fireproof pad 7 and the flame-retardant cotton 8 can play a certain fireproof isolation role, reduce the speed of fire spread, buy time for fire extinguishing, and reduce fire losses; the waterproof cover 2 can prevent When the battery pack is in use during rainless weather, water may enter the top of the housing 1, causing the battery pack 3 to malfunction. When the waterproof cover 2 is closed, the two rubber rings 22 fit together, and there are multiple wire grooves between the two rubber rings 22. The waterproof cover 2 can be opened to facilitate the replacement and maintenance of the battery pack 3. After the multiple connectors 32 are connected to the multiple interfaces 33 on the wiring module 31, the wires are led out along the wire grooves between the two rubber rings 22 and connected to the corresponding equipment of the electric vehicle. When the battery pack 3 catches fire, the temperature inside the housing 1 rises rapidly, and the fuse 410 will melt and break rapidly at high temperature. Under normal conditions, the fuse 410 applies tension to the two first sliders 47 through two buckles 49 and two fasteners 48. The four first sliders 47 respectively apply tension to the four elastic sliders 4 through four pull rods 46. 5. When a pulling force is applied, the spring of the elastic slider 45 also applies a pulling force to the elastic slider 45. The pulling force of the spring is less than the pulling force generated by the fuse 410. When the two fuses 410 break, the four first sliders 47 lose the pulling force on the four elastic sliders 45, causing the four elastic sliders 45 to rebound due to the spring force. The four elastic sliders 45 respectively drive the two smooth rods 44 to move away from each other. When the smooth rods 44 move, they actuate the pressure rods 42 through the connecting rings 43. The pressure rods 42 are the switches for the nozzles of the fire extinguishing units 41. After the two pressure rods 42 are actuated, the two sets of fire extinguishing units 41 are activated, spraying the fire extinguishing agent onto the battery pack 3, and at the same time filling the box 1 with fire extinguishing agent, achieving the effect of quickly extinguishing the fire source in the box 1; through the fire extinguishing device The placement of component 4 allows the two fire extinguishing units 41 to activate quickly when the battery pack 3 inside the enclosure 1 catches fire, spraying extinguishing agent onto the battery pack 3 to quickly cover the fire source and extinguish the fire immediately. This prevents the fire from spreading rapidly and causing a larger fire if the battery pack 3 inside the electric vehicle catches fire and measures are not taken in time. The waterproof cover 2 serves to waterproof and seal the fire, reducing the speed of fire spread. The fireproof pad 7 and multiple flame-retardant cotton 8 work together to provide vibration reduction and protection for the enclosure 1, while also providing fire isolation and reducing the speed of fire spread.

[0046] Second Embodiment

[0047] Based on the above embodiments, the waterproof cover 2 can be fastened to the locking ring 511 via the latch 510 to achieve a locking effect, preventing the waterproof cover 2 from shaking during use. In the event of a fire inside the housing 1, the waterproof cover 2 can also isolate oxygen, promoting fire extinguishing efficiency. However, in actual use, some users may forget to fasten the latch 510, and there is also the possibility of damage to the latch 510 or locking ring 511. After a fire breaks out inside the housing 1, when the two first sliders 47 located below the second slider 51 move away from each other, the two first sliders 47 drive the second slider 51 downwards via two connecting rods 55. The second slider 51 then drives the latch 53 downwards via two rotating rods 52. The latch 53 moves downwards along the two connecting rods 55. The inclined slide of the inclined slot frame 54 slides downwards. During the movement, the latch 53 contacts the bottom of the locking hook 56 and pulls the locking hook 56 downwards a certain distance, pressing the two rubber rings 22 between the waterproof cover 2 and the box 1 together. At this time, the latch 53, through the locking hook 56, fastens the waterproof cover 2 from the inside of the box 1. After the two rubber rings 22 are pressed together, a good sealing effect is achieved, thereby isolating the oxygen inside the box 1, accelerating the fire extinguishing process. After the fire source is extinguished, it prevents external oxygen from entering the box 1 and causing reignition. The one-way exhaust valve 21 on the waterproof cover 2 can only exhaust air and not allow air to enter, allowing the high-pressure gas inside the box 1 to be discharged, preventing the internal pressure of the box 1 from becoming too high and forcing open the waterproof cover 2. At the same time, it can also prevent oxygen from flowing back into the box 1. After the fire source is extinguished, the battery pack 3 still has a certain temperature. Without the self-locking device 5, the pressure inside the box 1 will rise and push up the waterproof cover 2, allowing outside air to come into direct contact with the fire source. Even if the fire source is temporarily extinguished, there is still a possibility of reignition after the extinguishing agent is exhausted. The buckle 53 and the locking hook 56 can prevent the fire source from reigniting due to contact with oxygen. The self-locking effect can be achieved regardless of whether the buckle 510 and the locking ring 511 are engaged. After confirming that it is safe, the lever 59 is pushed upward, causing the lever 59 to drive the sealing plate 57 upward through the sliding shaft 58. The sealing plate 57 drives the second slider 51 upward, thereby causing the second slider 51 to drive the buckle through the two rotating rods 52. Move 53 upwards to disengage the lever 53 from the hook 56, allowing the waterproof cover 2 to be opened for further processing of the interior of the box 1. The sealing plate 57 always covers the long groove of the box 1 during movement, preventing the long groove from connecting with the interior space of the box 1 and causing air leakage. The self-locking device 5, in cooperation with the hook 56, allows the lever 53 to engage with the hook 56 in the event of a fire inside the box 1, effectively locking the waterproof cover 2 and isolating the box 1 from external oxygen. This causes the fire inside the box 1 to extinguish quickly due to lack of oxygen and prevents reignition after contact with oxygen. The lever 59 allows the user to open the waterproof cover 2 from the outside, improving convenience.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the two optical rods 44 move away from each other, the right optical rod 44 pushes the L-shaped ends of the two pry bars 63 downward and to the right, causing the two pry bars 63 to swing around the fulcrum 62. Using the lever principle, the two pry bars 63 pry the two pry shafts 64 upward through their fork-shaped ends. The two pry shafts 64 drive the square groove gasket 61 upward. Under normal conditions, the square groove gasket 61 is located between multiple connectors 32 and multiple interfaces 33. The multiple square grooves on the square groove gasket 61 fit onto the multiple interfaces 33, and the multiple interfaces 33 are connected to the multiple connectors 32. After connection, multiple connectors 32 abut against multiple square grooves. After the square groove gasket 61 moves upward, the square groove gasket 61 applies an upward pushing force to the multiple connectors 32, causing the multiple connectors 32 to move upward and disengage from the multiple interfaces 33, thereby achieving the effect of power cut-off and causing the battery pack 3 to lose connection with external equipment. Through the setting of the power cut-off device 6, after the battery pack 3 catches fire, the square groove gasket 61 can pull out the multiple connectors 32 by moving upward, thereby cutting off the power supply, preventing the fire from spreading through the wires after the battery pack 3 catches fire, and also preventing electric shock accidents.

[0049] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lithium battery module having a multi-stage protection structure, characterized by, Include: Box (1), the inside of the box (1) is provided with a mounting groove (11) and two mounting barrels (12), the mounting groove (11) is located between the two mounting barrels (12), the battery pack (3) is mounted in the mounting groove (11), the waterproof cover (2) is hinged to the top of the box (1); Fire extinguishing device (4) for extinguishing fire when the battery pack (3) is on fire; Self-locking device (5) for self-locking the waterproof cover (2) when the battery pack (3) is on fire; Power-off device (6) for disconnecting the electrical connection when the battery pack (3) is on fire; The fire extinguishing device (4) includes two groups of fire extinguishing units (41), two fire extinguishing units (41) are respectively installed in two mounting barrels (12), the top of the fire extinguishing unit (41) is provided with a spray head, the spray head of the fire extinguishing unit (41) is provided with a pressure rod (42), the pressure rod (42) is slidably connected with a connecting ring (43); The inner walls of the front and rear sides of the box (1) are slidably provided with two elastic sliding blocks (45), four elastic sliding blocks (45) are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the two groups of fire extinguishing units (41), springs are arranged between the elastic sliding blocks (45) and the inner walls of the box (1), the side of the elastic sliding block (45) away from the spring is connected with a pull rod (46), one end of the pull rod (46) away from the elastic sliding block (45) is connected with a first sliding block (47), four first sliding blocks (47) are slidably connected with the front and rear inner walls of the box (1), the side of the first sliding block (47) away from the pull rod (46) is connected with a fastener (48), the fastener (48) is buckled with a clasp (49), the two claps (49) located on the same side inner wall of the box (1) are connected with a fuse link (410), two light rods (44) are connected between two elastic sliding blocks (45) located on the front and rear sides of the same fire extinguishing unit (41), the outer walls of the two light rods (44) are slidably connected with the inner walls of the two connecting rings (43); When the two fuse links (410) are broken, the four first sliding blocks (47) lose the pulling force on the four elastic sliding blocks (45), so that the four elastic sliding blocks (45) are bounced back by the elastic force of the springs, the four elastic sliding blocks (45) drive the two light rods (44) to move away from each other, the light rod (44) drives the pressure rod (42) through the connecting ring (43) when moving, the two pressure rods (42) are driven, and the two groups of fire extinguishing units (41) are started; The self-locking device (5) comprises a second sliding block (51) slidingly installed on the inner wall of the front side of the box (1), two ends of the second sliding block (51) are respectively hinged with connecting rods (55), one end of the two connecting rods (55) away from the second sliding block (51) is respectively hinged with two first sliding blocks (47) located in front, two rotating rods (52) are rotatably installed on the second sliding block (51), a buckle rod (53) is connected to the two rotating rods (52), two inclined chute frames (54) are installed on the inner wall of the front side of the box (1), and a lock hook (56) is connected to the bottom surface of the waterproof cover (2). The two inclined chute frames (54) are respectively located on the two sides of the second sliding block (51), the inclined chute frames (54) are provided with inclined sliding grooves, the outer wall of the buckle rod (53) is slidingly connected with the inclined sliding grooves of the two inclined chute frames (54), and the buckle rod (53) is in contact with the lock hook (56) in the movement process. The two first sliding blocks (47) drive the second sliding block (51) to slide downward through the two connecting rods (55), the second sliding block (51) drives the buckle rod (53) to move downward through the two rotating rods (52), the buckle rod (53) slides obliquely downward along the inclined sliding grooves of the two inclined chute frames (54), the buckle rod (53) is in contact with the lock hook (56) in the movement process, and the buckle rod (53) contacts the bottom of the lock hook (56) in the movement process to buckle the waterproof cover (2) from the inside of the box (1). 2.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the box (1) is provided with a fireproof pad (7), the outer walls of the four sides of the box (1) are connected with a plurality of fire-retardant cottons (8), and the top surface of the box (1) and the bottom surface of the waterproof cover (2) are respectively connected with rubber rings (22). 3.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 2, wherein: The battery pack (3) is provided with a wiring module (31), a plurality of interfaces (33) are installed on the wiring module (31), connectors (32) are inserted into the interfaces (33), and wires are arranged on the connectors (32). 4.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 3, wherein: The front side of the waterproof cover (2) is rotatably provided with a lock catch (510), the front side of the box (1) is provided with a lock ring (511), the lock catch (510) is buckled with the lock ring (511), and the top of the waterproof cover (2) is provided with a one-way exhaust valve (21). 5.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 4, wherein: The bottom of the second sliding block (51) is connected with a sealing plate (57), the sealing plate (57) is slidingly connected with the front inner wall of the box (1), the front side of the sealing plate (57) is connected with a sliding shaft (58), a long groove is formed in the front side of the box (1), the sliding shaft (58) is slidingly connected with the long groove of the box (1), one end of the sliding shaft (58) away from the sealing plate (57) is connected with a tab (59), and the tab (59) is located outside the box (1). 6.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 5, wherein: The power-off device (6) comprises a square groove gasket (61) arranged above the wiring module (31), a plurality of square grooves are formed in the square groove gasket (61), the plurality of square grooves of the square groove gasket (61) are respectively sleeved on the plurality of interfaces (33), the bottom surfaces of the plurality of connectors (32) are in contact with the top surface of the square groove gasket (61), the front and rear sides of the square groove gasket (61) are respectively connected with pry shafts (64), and the top surface of the wiring module (31) is provided with two fulcrum frames (62). 7.The lithium battery module with multi-level protection structure of claim 6, wherein: The two pry rods (63) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the square groove gasket (61), one end of the pry rod (63) is provided in an L shape, the other end of the pry rod (63) is provided in a fork shape, the L-shaped one end of the two pry rods (63) is in contact with the right light rod (44), and the fork-shaped one end of the two pry rods (63) is respectively in contact with the two pry shafts (64).

Images