Glass antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a glass antenna and a vehicle. The glass antenna comprises a glass body, an antenna radiator and a first functional unit. The antenna radiator is arranged on one surface of the glass body, and the first functional unit is arranged on another surface of the glass body and is arranged in a stack with the antenna radiator. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers at least part of the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit is used for changing the radiation energy distribution of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit comprises at least three first sub-functional units, and two adjacent first sub-functional units are arranged in a spaced manner and are coupled. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit comprises at least two first sub-equivalent circuits. The glass antenna and the vehicle provided by the application are beneficial to improving the communication performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle communication technology, specifically to a glass antenna and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of vehicle technology, more and more antennas are being placed inside the vehicle or inside the vehicle glass, which results in some of the antenna's radiated energy being blocked, thus degrading communication performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a glass antenna and vehicle that are beneficial for improving communication performance.

[0004] On the one hand, this application provides a glass antenna, comprising:

[0005] Glass body;

[0006] The antenna radiator is disposed on one surface of the glass body; and

[0007] A first functional unit is disposed on another surface of the glass body and stacked with the antenna radiator. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit includes at least three first sub-functional units. Two adjacent first sub-functional units are spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits. Each first sub-equivalent circuit includes a first equivalent capacitor and at least one first equivalent inductor.

[0008] In one possible embodiment, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the first equivalent capacitor and the first equivalent inductor are connected in series; or, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the first equivalent capacitor and the first equivalent inductor are connected in parallel.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the first equivalent capacitance is formed between two adjacent first sub-functional units in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit, and a portion of the first sub-functional units form the first equivalent inductance in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the shape of the first sub-functional unit is one of the following: circular, rectangular, square, annular, rectangular, square, or symmetrical G-ring.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the at least three first sub-functional units are arranged sequentially along a first direction.

[0012] In one possible embodiment, the at least three first sub-functional units include at least two first sub-functional units arranged along a second direction and at least two first sub-functional units arranged along a third direction, the second direction intersecting the third direction.

[0013] In one possible embodiment, the first functional unit includes at least four first sub-functional units, which are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, the first functional unit includes at least six first sub-functional units, which are located in multiple different periodic regions. Each periodic region includes at least three first sub-functional units, and the size of the first sub-functional units in different periodic regions is different.

[0015] In one possible embodiment, all of the antenna radiators are used to generate a resonant current supporting the target frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, and the orthographic projection of the first functional unit onto the plane where the antenna radiators are located covers all of the antenna radiators.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, a first portion of the antenna radiator is used to generate a resonant current supporting a first frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, and a second portion of the antenna radiator is used to generate a resonant current supporting a second frequency band under the excitation of a signal source; the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers the first portion of the antenna radiator but does not cover the second portion of the antenna radiator, or the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers the second portion of the antenna radiator but does not cover the first portion of the antenna radiator; or the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers both the first portion and the second portion of the antenna radiator.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the glass antenna further includes a second functional unit, which is disposed on the same surface of the glass body as the first functional unit, or on different surfaces of the glass body. The second functional unit, the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit are stacked sequentially. The orthographic projection of the second functional unit onto the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator. The second functional unit is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator. The second functional unit includes at least three second sub-functional units, which are spaced apart and coupled to each other. The equivalent circuit of the second functional unit includes at least two second sub-equivalent circuits, each of which includes a second equivalent capacitor and at least one second equivalent inductor. The at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in series, or the at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in parallel.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, the second functional unit, the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit are stacked sequentially. One of the second functional unit and the first functional unit is used to conduct incident electromagnetic waves, and the other of the second functional unit and the first functional unit is used to block incident electromagnetic waves.

[0019] In one possible embodiment, the shape of the second functional unit is different from the shape of the first functional unit, or the shape of the second functional unit is the same as the shape of the first functional unit.

[0020] On the other hand, this application also provides a vehicle including a signal source and the glass antenna, wherein the signal source is electrically connected to the antenna radiator.

[0021] In one possible embodiment, the first functional unit is located near the outer side of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit is used to conduct electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator; or, the first functional unit is located near the inner side of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit is used to block electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator.

[0022] The glass antenna provided in this application includes a glass body, an antenna radiator, and a first functional unit. The first functional unit is stacked with the antenna radiator. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit onto the surface of the antenna radiator covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit includes at least three first sub-functional units. Adjacent first sub-functional units are spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits. Each first sub-equivalent circuit includes a first equivalent capacitor and at least one first equivalent inductor. Thus, the first functional unit can conduct electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band and block electromagnetic wave signals in other frequency bands, or it can block electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band, thereby changing the radiation energy distribution of the antenna radiator. When applied to vehicles, by enabling the first functional unit to conduct high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, the radiation energy in the upper hemisphere can be increased. Alternatively, by enabling the first functional unit to block low-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, the radiation energy in the lower hemisphere can be reduced, thereby improving the communication performance between the glass antenna and external devices. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the glass antenna provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a first functional unit in a glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the first functional unit in the glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a third structure of the first functional unit in a glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the first functional unit in the glass antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a fifth structure of the first functional unit in the glass antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 8A sixth structural schematic diagram of the first functional unit in the glass antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The equivalent circuit diagram of the first sub-functional unit in the first functional unit shown;

[0033] Figure 10 for Figure 6 The equivalent circuit diagram of the first sub-functional unit in the first functional unit shown;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of yet another structure of the glass antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The glass antenna shown also includes a structural schematic diagram of a second functional unit;

[0037] Figure 14 for Figure 2 The glass antenna shown also includes a structural schematic diagram of a second functional unit.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0039] Glass antenna 100; glass body 10; antenna radiator 20; first functional unit 30; outer surface 101; inner surface 102; outer glass plate 103; inner glass plate 104; first surface 130; second surface 131; third surface 140; fourth surface 141; first sub-functional unit 301; first sub-equivalent circuit 302; first equivalent capacitance 320; first equivalent inductance 321; periodic region 303; second functional unit 40; second sub-functional unit 401. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions provided in this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described in this application are only a part of the embodiments, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0041] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, an assembly or device that includes one or more components is not limited to the one or more components listed, but may optionally also include one or more components not listed but inherent to the exemplified product, or one or more components that it should have based on the described function.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a glass antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the glass antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The vehicles provided in this application include, but are not limited to, sedans, buses, trucks, tractors, special-purpose vehicles, and special vehicles. The vehicle includes a signal source and the glass antenna 100. Of course, the vehicle may also include body panels, wheels, chassis, engine, etc. The glass antenna 100 includes a glass body 10, an antenna radiator 20, and a first functional unit 30.

[0044] The signal source is electrically connected to the antenna radiator 20 of the glass antenna 100. The signal source provides a radio frequency signal to the antenna radiator 20, exciting the antenna radiator 20 to generate a corresponding resonant current, thereby achieving communication. The signal source can be located inside the vehicle. The signal source and the antenna radiator 20 can be directly or indirectly electrically connected. In embodiments where the signal source and the antenna radiator 20 are directly electrically connected, the signal source and the feed point of the antenna radiator 20 can be soldered together. In embodiments where the signal source and the antenna radiator 20 are indirectly electrically connected, the signal source and the feed point of the antenna radiator 20 can be connected by at least one electrical connector such as a coaxial cable, microstrip line, conductive spring, conductive adhesive, or circuit board.

[0045] The glass body 10 can be a single-layer glass, a laminated glass, or a multi-layered glass. In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the glass body 10 is a single-layer glass, and includes an outer surface 101 and an inner surface 102 disposed opposite to each other, wherein the outer surface 101 faces the exterior of the vehicle, and the inner surface 102 faces the interior of the vehicle. In another possible embodiment, as... Figure 2 As shown, the glass body 10 is laminated glass, which includes an outer glass plate 103 and an inner glass plate 104 stacked together. The outer glass plate 103 includes a first surface 130 and a second surface 131 arranged opposite to each other, and the inner glass plate 104 includes a third surface 140 and a fourth surface 141 arranged opposite to each other. The first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103 faces the outside of the vehicle, and the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104 faces the inside of the vehicle. The second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103 and the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104 can be connected by an adhesive layer.

[0046] The antenna radiator 20 is a conductor with a specific electrical length. The antenna radiator 20 is made of a conductive material, including but not limited to metals or alloys. The shape of the antenna radiator 20 includes but is not limited to strips, sheets, or films. The extension method of the antenna radiator 20 includes but is not limited to straight extension, curved extension, or bent extension. The width of the antenna radiator 20 can be uniform, gradually changing, or abrupt. When categorized by the communication function implemented by the antenna radiator 20, the antenna radiator 20 includes, but is not limited to, a 5G antenna radiator, a WIFI antenna radiator, a V2X (vehicle-to-vehicle) antenna radiator, a UWB (ultra-wideband) antenna radiator, a Bluetooth antenna radiator, a GPS antenna radiator, or an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) antenna radiator, etc.

[0047] The antenna radiator 20 is disposed on one surface of the glass body 10. Specifically, in an embodiment where the glass body 10 is a single-layer glass, the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the inner surface 102 of the glass body 10, or the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the outer surface 101 of the glass body 10. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass, the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, or the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or the antenna radiator 20 may be disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103.

[0048] The first functional unit 30 is disposed on another surface of the glass body 10 and is stacked with the antenna radiator 20. Specifically, in an embodiment where the glass body 10 is a single layer of glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the inner surface 102 of the glass body 10, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the outer surface 101 of the glass body 10. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is a single layer of glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the outer surface 101 of the glass body 10, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the inner surface 102 of the glass body 10. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104. The stacked arrangement of the first functional unit 30 and the antenna radiator 20 can be understood as the first functional unit 30 and the antenna radiator 20 being arranged along the thickness direction of the glass body 10.

[0049] The orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the plane where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator 20. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the plane where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers a portion of the antenna radiator 20, or the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the plane where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers the entire antenna radiator 20.

[0050] The first functional unit 30 is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. In one possible embodiment, the first functional unit 30 may change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20 by causing more of the radiated energy to radiate towards the outer side of the glass body 10. In another possible embodiment, the first functional unit 30 may change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20 by causing less of the radiated energy to radiate towards the inner side of the glass body 10. Here, the inner side of the glass body 10 refers to the interior space of the vehicle, and the outer side of the glass body 10 refers to the exterior space of the vehicle.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 3 to 8 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 8 This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of the first functional unit 30 in the glass antenna 100 provided in this application embodiment. The first functional unit 30 includes at least three first sub-functional units 301. Two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 are spaced apart and coupled. It is understood that the number of first sub-functional units 301 is greater than or equal to three. This application does not specifically limit the number of first sub-functional units 301. Exemplarily, the number of first sub-functional units 301 can be four, six, nine, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-five, thirty, thirty-six, forty-two, forty-nine, fifty-six, sixty-four, seventy-two, eighty-one, ninety, one hundred, one hundred and seventeen, one hundred and twenty-one, or two hundred, etc.

[0052] The shapes of the various first sub-functional units 301 may be the same or different. The shapes of the first sub-functional units 301 include, but are not limited to, circular, rectangular, square, annular, rectangular, square, and symmetrical G-shaped rings (e.g., circular, rectangular, square, and symmetrical G-shaped rings). Figure 4(As shown), other symmetrical shapes, irregular shapes, etc. The sizes of each first sub-functional unit 301 can be the same or different. In this embodiment, the same size of the first sub-functional unit 301 can be understood as the same area of ​​the first sub-functional unit 301. The spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 can be the same, that is, the first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30 are arranged at equal intervals; or, the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 can be different, that is, the first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30 are not arranged at equal intervals. This application does not specifically limit the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301. For example, to ensure good coupling performance, the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 can be less than 5mm.

[0053] In embodiments where the first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30 are arranged at equal intervals, the spacing between any two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 is the same. In embodiments where the first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30 are not arranged at equal intervals, the spacing between the first sub-functional units 301 may gradually increase or gradually decrease along a specific direction, or increase first and then decrease, or decrease first and then increase, or there may be no specific pattern of change, etc.

[0054] Each of the first sub-functional units 301 is conductive, meaning that the material of the first sub-functional unit 301 is conductive, including but not limited to metals or alloys. The material of the first sub-functional unit 301 can be the same as or different from the material of the antenna radiator 20.

[0055] The coupling between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 can be understood as the mutual transmission of radiated energy between the two adjacent first sub-functional units 301.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 9 for Figure 3 The equivalent circuit diagram of the first sub-functional unit 301 in the first functional unit 30 shown is shown below. Figure 10 for Figure 6 The diagram shows the equivalent circuit of the first sub-functional unit 301 in the first functional unit 30. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, each of which includes a first equivalent capacitor 320 and at least one first equivalent inductor 321.

[0057] The number of first sub-equivalent circuits 302 can be equal to the number of first sub-functional units 301 minus one. A first equivalent capacitor 320 is formed between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301, meaning the distance between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 can be equivalent to a capacitor element in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30. It is understood that there is capacitive coupling between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301. Each first sub-functional unit 301 itself forms at least one first equivalent inductor 321, meaning the first sub-functional unit 301 itself can be equivalent to one or more inductor elements in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30. In other words, a first equivalent capacitor 320 is formed between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30, and a portion of the first sub-functional units 301 form a first equivalent inductor 321 in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30.

[0058] Wherein, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in parallel, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in series; or, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in series, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in parallel.

[0059] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in parallel, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in series. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 includes multiple first sub-equivalent circuits 302 connected in parallel, and each first sub-equivalent circuit 302 includes a first equivalent capacitor 320 and a first equivalent inductor 321 connected in series. In other words, the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 is an equivalent series-parallel circuit.

[0060] In another possible embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in series, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in parallel. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 includes multiple first sub-equivalent circuits 302 connected in series, and each first sub-equivalent circuit 302 includes a first equivalent capacitor 320 and a first equivalent inductor 321 connected in parallel. In other words, the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 is an equivalent series-parallel circuit.

[0061] The glass antenna 100 provided in this application includes a glass body 10, an antenna radiator 20, and a first functional unit 30. The first functional unit 30 is stacked with the antenna radiator 20. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the surface of the antenna radiator 20 covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator 20. The first functional unit 30 includes at least three first sub-functional units 301. Adjacent first sub-functional units 301 are spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302. Each first sub-equivalent circuit 302 includes a first equivalent capacitor 320 and at least one first equivalent inductor 321. The at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in parallel, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in series. Alternatively, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in series. The circuits 302 are connected in series, and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in parallel. That is, the first functional unit 30 as a whole forms an equivalent series-parallel circuit. In this way, the first functional unit 30 can conduct electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band and block electromagnetic wave signals in other frequency bands, or block electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band. That is, it can change the radiation energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. When applied to vehicles, by making the first functional unit 30 conduct high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, the radiation energy in the upper hemisphere can be increased. Or, by making the first functional unit 30 block low-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, the radiation energy in the lower hemisphere can be reduced. This can improve the communication performance between the glass antenna 100 and external devices.

[0062] Understandably, the design of the first functional unit 30 can influence the distribution of radiated energy of the antenna radiator 20, thereby designing the radiation pattern of the glass antenna 100 and enabling the glass antenna 100 to have good outward radiation performance.

[0063] The following embodiments describe in detail the glass antenna 100 provided in this application based on the arrangement of the first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30.

[0064] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 7 The diagram shows multiple first sub-functional units 301 in any direction. The at least three first sub-functional units 301 are arranged sequentially along a first direction. The first direction may be along the width direction of the glass body 10, or along the length direction of the glass body 10, or the first direction may intersect with the width direction and the length direction of the glass body 10, or the first direction may be the circumferential direction of the glass body 10.

[0065] Optionally, the shapes of the at least three first sub-functional units 301 can be the same or different. The sizes of the at least three first sub-functional units 301 can be the same or different. The arrangement of the at least three first sub-functional units 301 can be equally spaced or non-equally spaced.

[0066] This embodiment enables the first functional unit 30 to alter the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. Simultaneously, the first functional unit 30 has a simple structure, facilitating production and manufacturing, and allows for greater coverage of the portion of the antenna radiator 20 along the first direction. The size of the first equivalent capacitance 320 can be adjusted by changing the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301, and the size of the first equivalent inductance 321 can be adjusted by changing the shape and size of the first sub-functional unit 301. This allows for adjustment of the resonant point of the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30, resulting in improved communication performance in a specific frequency band.

[0067] In another possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 7 The diagram shows a plurality of first sub-functional units 301 arranged in any two intersecting directions. The at least three first sub-functional units 301 include at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along a second direction and at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along a third direction, wherein the second direction intersects with the third direction.

[0068] In this embodiment, the second direction and the third direction can be perpendicular, or they can intersect but not be perpendicular. Optionally, one of the second direction and the third direction can be along the width direction of the glass body 10, and the other can be along the length direction of the glass body 10; or, one of the second direction and the third direction can be along the width direction of the glass body 10, and the other can intersect with both the width direction and the length direction of the glass body 10; or, one of the second direction and the third direction can be along the length direction of the glass body 10, and the other can intersect with both the width direction and the length direction of the glass body 10; or, both the second direction and the third direction can intersect with both the width direction and the length direction of the glass body 10.

[0069] Optionally, regarding the shape of the at least three first sub-functional units 301, the shapes of the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the second direction can be the same or different, and the shapes of the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the third direction can be the same or different. Regarding the size of the at least three first sub-functional units 301, the sizes of the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the second direction can be the same or different, and the sizes of the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the third direction can be the same or different. Regarding the arrangement of the at least three first sub-functional units 301, the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the second direction can be arranged at equal intervals or non-equal intervals, and the at least two first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the third direction can be arranged at equal intervals or non-equal intervals.

[0070] This embodiment enables the first functional unit 30 to alter the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. Simultaneously, the first functional unit 30 has a simple structure, facilitating production and manufacturing, and allows for greater coverage of the portion of the antenna radiator 20 along the second and third directions. The size of the first equivalent capacitance 320 can be adjusted by changing the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 arranged along the second or third direction. The size of the first equivalent inductance 321 can be adjusted by changing the shape and size of the first sub-functional unit 301. This allows for adjustment of the resonant point of the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30, thereby improving communication performance in a specific frequency band.

[0071] In the third possible embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 7 The diagram shows multiple first sub-functional units 301 within an arbitrary array. Each first functional unit 30 includes at least four first sub-functional units 301, which are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

[0072] Optionally, the at least four first sub-functional units 301 are arranged in a square array, or in a rectangular array, or in a circular array. The square array includes, but is not limited to, 2×2, 3×3, 4×4, 5×5, 6×6, 7×7, 8×8, 9×9, 10×10, and 11×11 arrays. The rectangular array includes, but is not limited to, 2×3, 2×4, 3×4, 2×5, 3×5, 4×5, 2×6, 3×6, 4×6, 7×8, 8×9, 9×6, 10×7, 11×12, 13×9, and 13×12 arrays.

[0073] In this embodiment, the shapes of the at least four first sub-functional units 301 can be the same or different. The sizes of the at least four first sub-functional units 301 can be the same or different. The arrangement of the at least four first sub-functional units 301 can be equally spaced or non-equally spaced.

[0074] In this embodiment, while enabling the first functional unit 30 to alter the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20, the first functional unit 30 can also cover a larger portion of the antenna radiator 20, thereby conducting or blocking more incident electromagnetic waves and more effectively changing the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. Similarly, by changing the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301, the size of the first equivalent capacitance 320 can be adjusted; by changing the shape and size of the first sub-functional unit 301, the size of the first equivalent inductance 321 can be adjusted. This allows adjustment of the resonant point of the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30, thereby improving communication performance in a specific frequency band.

[0075] In a fourth possible embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the first functional unit 30 includes at least six first sub-functional units 301, which are located in multiple different periodic regions 303. Each periodic region 303 includes at least three first sub-functional units 301, and the size of the first sub-functional units 301 in different periodic regions 303 is different. The equivalent circuit of each periodic region 303 includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, and the equivalent circuits of each periodic region 303 can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0076] Optionally, the first sub-functional unit 301 has two periodic regions 303, described as a first periodic region and a second periodic region, respectively. In this embodiment, the first functional unit 30 includes at least six first sub-functional units 301. At least three first sub-functional units 301 are located within the first periodic region, and at least three first sub-functional units 301 are located within the second periodic region. The at least three first sub-functional units 301 located within the first periodic region are of the same size, and the at least three first sub-functional units 301 located within the second periodic region are of the same size, but the size of the first sub-functional units 301 located within the first periodic region is different from the size of the first sub-functional units 301 located within the second periodic region. The shape of the first sub-functional units 301 located within the first periodic region may be the same as or different from the shape of the first sub-functional units 301 located within the second periodic region. The spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 located within the first periodic region may be the same as or different from the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 located within the second periodic region. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the first periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, and the equivalent circuit of the second periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302. The equivalent circuits of the first periodic region and the equivalent circuits of the second periodic region can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0077] Optionally, the first sub-functional unit 301 has four periodic regions 303, described as a third periodic region, a fourth periodic region, a fifth periodic region, and a sixth periodic region, respectively. In this embodiment, the first functional unit 30 includes at least twelve first sub-functional units 301. At least three first sub-functional units 301 are located in the third periodic region, at least three first sub-functional units 301 are located in the fourth periodic region, at least three first sub-functional units 301 are located in the fifth periodic region, and at least three first sub-functional units 301 are located in the sixth periodic region. The at least three first sub-functional units 301 located in the third periodic region are of the same size, the at least three first sub-functional units 301 located in the fourth periodic region are of the same size, the at least three first sub-functional units 301 located in the fifth periodic region are of the same size, and the at least three first sub-functional units 301 located in the sixth periodic region are of the same size. Furthermore, the sizes of the first sub-functional units 301 located in the third periodic region, the fourth periodic region, the fifth periodic region, and the sixth periodic region are all different. The shapes of the first sub-functional unit 301 located in the third periodic region, the fourth periodic region, the fifth periodic region, and the sixth periodic region can be the same or different. The spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 located in the third periodic region, the fourth periodic region, the fifth periodic region, and the sixth periodic region can be the same or different. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the third periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, the equivalent circuit of the fourth periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, the equivalent circuit of the fifth periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302, and the equivalent circuit of the sixth periodic region includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302. The equivalent circuits of the third periodic region, the fourth periodic region, the fifth periodic region, and the sixth periodic region can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0078] In this embodiment, the overall first functional unit 30 is non-uniform and non-periodic, but the multiple first sub-functional units 301 within the same periodic region 303 are uniform and periodic. Therefore, by changing the spacing between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 within one or more periodic regions 303, the size of the first equivalent capacitance 320 corresponding to the periodic region 303 can be adjusted accordingly. By changing the shape and size of the first sub-functional units 301 within one or more periodic regions 303, the size of the first equivalent inductance 321 corresponding to the periodic region 303 can be adjusted accordingly. This can change the radiated energy distribution of a portion of the radiating region of the antenna radiator 20, which is suitable for improving the communication performance of the antenna radiator 20 supporting multi-band communication in any frequency band.

[0079] The following embodiments provide a detailed description of the glass antenna 100 provided in this application based on the coverage relationship between the first functional unit 30 and the antenna radiator 20.

[0080] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 All of the antenna radiators 20 are used to generate a resonant current supporting the target frequency band under the excitation of the signal source, and the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 on the plane where the antenna radiators 20 are located covers all of the antenna radiators 20.

[0081] Optionally, the target frequency band can be located at a high frequency, that is, the target frequency band can be a frequency band greater than 3 GHz. In one possible embodiment, the target frequency band can be located in the frequency range of 3 GHz to 5 GHz. In this embodiment, the size of the first functional unit 30 can be greater than or equal to the size of the antenna radiator 20. The first functional unit 30 can have bandpass characteristics in the target frequency band, that is, the first functional unit 30 can transmit electromagnetic wave signals of the target frequency band; or, the first functional unit 30 can have bandstop characteristics in the target frequency band, that is, the first functional unit 30 has the effect of hindering the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals of the target frequency band.

[0082] In this embodiment, when the glass antenna 100 is applied to a vehicle, if the first functional unit 30 is located outside the antenna radiator 20 (i.e., the first functional unit 30 is relatively close to the outside of the vehicle and the antenna radiator 20 is relatively close to the inside of the vehicle), the first functional unit 30 can have bandpass characteristics in the target frequency band. If the first functional unit 30 is located inside the antenna radiator 20 (i.e., the first functional unit 30 is relatively close to the inside of the vehicle and the antenna radiator 20 is relatively close to the outside of the vehicle), the first functional unit 30 can have bandstop characteristics in the target frequency band. Thus, the outward radiated energy of the vehicle's glass antenna 100 can be increased, or the inward radiated energy can be reduced, both of which can improve the communication performance between the glass antenna 100 and external devices. In other words, when the first functional unit 30 is closer to the outside of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator 20, the first functional unit 30 has a conducting effect on the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator 20; or, when the first functional unit 30 is closer to the inside of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator 20, the first functional unit 30 has a blocking effect on the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator 20.

[0083] All antenna radiators 20 are used to generate resonant current supporting the target frequency band under the excitation of the signal source. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 on the plane where the antenna radiators 20 are located covers all antenna radiators 20, so that the first functional unit 30 can conduct or block electromagnetic waves radiated at any position of the antenna radiators 20. In this way, the energy distribution of the antenna radiators 20 can be changed to the maximum extent, thereby improving the effect of communication performance.

[0084] In another possible embodiment, please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 , Figure 11 This is another structural schematic diagram of the glass antenna 100 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 12 This is another schematic diagram of the glass antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. The first part of the antenna radiator 20 is used to generate a resonant current supporting a first frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, and the second part of the antenna radiator 20 is used to generate a resonant current supporting a second frequency band under the excitation of a signal source; the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers the first part of the antenna radiator 20 but does not cover the second part of the antenna radiator 20, or the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers the second part of the antenna radiator 20 but does not cover the first part of the antenna radiator 20.

[0085] The first frequency band differs from the second frequency band. Optionally, the first frequency band can be located at a high frequency, i.e., a frequency band greater than 3 GHz. In one possible embodiment, the first frequency band can be located in the frequency range of 3 GHz to 5 GHz. The second frequency band can be located at a low frequency or a mid-to-high frequency, i.e., a frequency band less than 3 GHz. In one possible embodiment, the second frequency band can be located in the low frequency range less than 1 GHz. Of course, in other possible embodiments, the second frequency band can also be located in the mid-to-high frequency range greater than 1 GHz and less than 3 GHz. In this embodiment, the size of the first functional unit 30 can be smaller than the size of the antenna radiator 20.

[0086] In an embodiment where the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the surface of the antenna radiator 20 covers a first portion of the antenna radiator 20 but not a second portion, the first functional unit 30 may have bandpass characteristics in the first frequency band, meaning it can transmit electromagnetic wave signals in the first frequency band. Alternatively, the first functional unit 30 may have bandstop characteristics in the first frequency band, meaning it hinders the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals in the first frequency band. Similarly, when the glass antenna 100 is applied to a vehicle, if the first functional unit 30 is located outside the antenna radiator 20, it may have bandpass characteristics in the first frequency band; if it is located inside the antenna radiator 20, it may have bandstop characteristics in the first frequency band.

[0087] In embodiments where the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the surface of the antenna radiator 20 covers the second portion of the antenna radiator 20 but not the first portion, the first functional unit 30 may have bandpass characteristics in the second frequency band, meaning it can transmit electromagnetic wave signals in the second frequency band. Alternatively, the first functional unit 30 may have bandstop characteristics in the second frequency band, meaning it hinders the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals in the second frequency band. Similarly, when the glass antenna 100 is applied to a vehicle, if the first functional unit 30 is located outside the antenna radiator 20, it may have bandpass characteristics in the second frequency band; if it is located inside the antenna radiator 20, it may have bandstop characteristics in the second frequency band.

[0088] Of course, the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 onto the plane where the antenna radiator 20 is located can also cover the first part and the second part of the antenna radiator 20. In this case, the first functional unit 30 can have bandpass characteristics in at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band, or the first functional unit 30 can have bandstop characteristics in at least one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band.

[0089] In this embodiment, different parts of the antenna radiator 20 can generate resonant currents in different frequency bands. Therefore, by having the first functional unit 30 cover only a portion of the antenna radiator 20, the communication performance of the glass antenna 100 in a specific frequency band can be improved, while also taking into account the miniaturization of the first functional unit 30. This facilitates the concealment of the first functional unit 30 when applied to vehicles, thereby improving the neatness of the glass antenna 100's appearance.

[0090] The following embodiments are based on a scheme in which the glass antenna 100 includes multiple functional units, and provide a detailed description of the glass antenna 100 provided in this application.

[0091] In one possible embodiment, please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 , Figure 13 for Figure 12 The glass antenna 100 shown also includes a second functional unit 40. Figure 14 for Figure 2 The illustrated glass antenna 100 also includes a second functional unit 40. The second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 are disposed on the same surface of the glass body 10, or on different surfaces of the glass body 10, and the second functional unit 40, the antenna radiator 20, and the first functional unit 30 are stacked sequentially. The orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 onto the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator 20, and the second functional unit 40 is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20. The second functional unit 40 includes at least three second sub-functional units 401, with adjacent second sub-functional units 401 spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 includes at least two second sub-equivalent circuits, each second sub-equivalent circuit including a second equivalent capacitor and at least one second equivalent inductor. The at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in series; or, the at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in parallel.

[0092] In this embodiment, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can be disposed on the same side of the antenna radiator 20, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can be disposed on opposite sides of the antenna radiator 20. Optionally, in an embodiment where the glass body 10 is a single layer of glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the inner surface 102 of the glass body 10, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can both be disposed on the outer surface 101 of the glass body 10. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is a single layer of glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the outer surface 101 of the glass body 10, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can both be disposed on the inner surface 102 of the glass body 10. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may both be disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on any two of the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, and the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may both be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on any two of the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, and the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103. In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may both be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on any two of the fourth surface 141, the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, and the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, respectively.In an embodiment where the glass body 10 is laminated glass and the antenna radiator 20 is disposed on the first surface 130 of the outer glass plate 103, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may both be disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, or on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 may be disposed on any two of the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, the third surface 140 of the inner glass plate 104, and the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103.

[0093] In this embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 onto the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located can cover a portion of the antenna radiator 20, or the orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 onto the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located can cover the entire antenna radiator 20. In one possible embodiment, the second functional unit 40 may be used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20 by causing more of the radiated energy of the antenna radiator 20 to radiate towards the outer side of the glass body 10. In another possible embodiment, the second functional unit 40 may be used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator 20 by causing less of the radiated energy of the antenna radiator 20 to radiate towards the inner side of the glass body 10.

[0094] The number of second sub-functional units 401 is greater than or equal to three. This application does not specifically limit the number of second sub-functional units 401. For example, the number of second sub-functional units 401 can be four, six, nine, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-five, thirty, thirty-six, forty-two, forty-nine, fifty-six, sixty-four, seventy-two, eighty-one, ninety, one hundred, one hundred and seventeen, or one hundred and twenty-one, etc. The number of second sub-functional units 401 can be the same as or different from the number of first sub-functional units 301.

[0095] The shapes of the various second sub-functional units 401 can be the same or different. The shapes of the second sub-functional units 401 include, but are not limited to, circular, rectangular, square, annular, rectangular, square, symmetrical G-rings, other symmetrical shapes, and irregular shapes. The sizes of the various second sub-functional units 401 can be the same or different. The spacing between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401 can be the same or different. This application does not specifically limit the spacing between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401. For example, to ensure good coupling performance, the spacing between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401 can be less than 5 mm.

[0096] Each of the second sub-functional units 401 is conductive, meaning that the material of the second sub-functional unit 401 is conductive, including but not limited to metals or alloys. The material of the second sub-functional unit 401 can be the same as or different from that of the first sub-functional unit 301.

[0097] The coupling between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401 can be understood as the mutual transmission of radiated energy between the two adjacent second sub-functional units 401.

[0098] The number of second sub-equivalent circuits can be equal to the number of second sub-functional units 401 minus one. A second equivalent capacitor is formed between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401; that is, the distance between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401 can be equivalent to a capacitive element in the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40. It is understood that there is capacitive coupling between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401. Each second sub-functional unit 401 itself forms at least one second equivalent inductor; that is, each second sub-functional unit 401 itself can be equivalent to one or more inductor elements in the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40.

[0099] In one possible embodiment, at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in series. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 includes multiple parallel second sub-equivalent circuits, each of which includes a second equivalent capacitor and a second equivalent inductor connected in series. In other words, the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 is an equivalent series-parallel circuit.

[0100] In another possible embodiment, at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in parallel. In this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 includes multiple second sub-equivalent circuits connected in series, and each first sub-equivalent circuit 302 includes a second equivalent capacitor and a second equivalent inductor connected in parallel. In other words, the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 is an equivalent series-parallel circuit.

[0101] Optionally, in an embodiment where at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in parallel and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in series, at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in parallel. In an embodiment where at least two first sub-equivalent circuits 302 are connected in series and the first equivalent capacitor 320 and the first equivalent inductor 321 are connected in parallel, at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in series. It is understood that the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit 30 and the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 may be different. In one possible application scenario, due to the thickness of the glass body 10, the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40 may be coupled, in which case the first sub-equivalent circuit 302 and the second sub-equivalent circuit may have a series or parallel relationship.

[0102] Optionally, in the embodiment where the first part of the antenna radiator 20 is used to generate a resonant current supporting a first frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, and the second part of the antenna radiator 20 is used to generate a resonant current supporting a second frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, if the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 are located on the same side of the antenna radiator 20, that is, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 are disposed on the same surface of the glass body 10, then when the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers the first part of the antenna radiator 20 but does not cover the second part of the antenna radiator 20, the orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located can cover the antenna radiator 20. The second part of 20 does not cover the first part of the antenna radiator 20; if the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 are located on opposite sides of the antenna radiator 20, that is, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 are disposed on different surfaces of the glass body 10, and the second functional unit 40, the antenna radiator 20 and the first functional unit 30 are stacked in sequence, then when the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located covers the first part of the antenna radiator 20 and does not cover the second part of the antenna radiator 20, the orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located can cover the first part of the antenna radiator 20 and does not cover the second part of the antenna radiator 20.

[0103] By including both a first functional unit 30 and a second functional unit 40 in the glass antenna 100, for an antenna radiator 20 that supports only one frequency band, if the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40 are located on the same side of the antenna radiator 20, it is beneficial to generate a double conduction or double obstruction effect on the incident electromagnetic waves on that side. If the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40 are located on opposite sides of the antenna radiator 20, it is beneficial to conduct electromagnetic waves on the front side of the antenna radiator 20 through the first functional unit 30, while obstructing electromagnetic waves on the rear side of the antenna radiator 20 through the second functional unit 40. In this way, the communication performance of a specific frequency band can be greatly improved. Furthermore, for an antenna radiator 20 supporting multiple frequency bands, by having the glass antenna 100 simultaneously include a first functional unit 30 and a second functional unit 40, if the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40 are located on the same side of the antenna radiator 20, it is advantageous to have a dual conduction or dual obstruction effect on electromagnetic waves on that side through the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40. Alternatively, it is advantageous to have the first functional unit 30 conduct incident electromagnetic waves of one frequency band on that side, and the second functional unit 40 obstruct incident electromagnetic waves of another frequency band on that side. If the first functional unit 30 and the second functional unit 40 are located on the same side of the antenna radiator 20, it is advantageous to have a dual conduction or dual obstruction effect on incident electromagnetic waves of another frequency band on that side. The second functional unit 40 is located on the opposite side of the antenna radiator 20. This allows the first functional unit 30 to conduct electromagnetic waves in one frequency band on the front side of the antenna radiator 20, while the second functional unit 40 blocks electromagnetic waves in the same frequency band on the back side of the antenna radiator 20. Alternatively, the first functional unit 30 can conduct electromagnetic waves in one frequency band on the front side of the antenna radiator 20, while the second functional unit 40 blocks electromagnetic waves in another frequency band on the back side of the antenna radiator 20. This can significantly improve the communication performance of a single frequency band, or improve the communication performance of multiple frequency bands.

[0104] In one possible embodiment, one of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 is used to conduct incident electromagnetic waves, and the other of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 is used to block incident electromagnetic waves.

[0105] In this embodiment, the area covered by the second functional unit 40 of the antenna radiator 20 can be the same as the area covered by the first functional unit 30 of the antenna radiator 20, that is, the orthographic projection of the second functional unit 40 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located can coincide with the orthographic projection of the first functional unit 30 on the surface where the antenna radiator 20 is located.

[0106] Since the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 have different effects on the incident electromagnetic waves, the equivalent circuit of the second functional unit 40 is different from that of the first functional unit 30; that is, the structure of the second functional unit 40 is different from that of the first functional unit 30. In other words, the shape of the second functional unit 40 is different from that of the first functional unit 30. In one possible embodiment, the gap between two adjacent second sub-functional units 401 in the second functional unit 40 can correspond to the first sub-functional unit 301 of the first functional unit 30, and the second sub-functional unit 401 in the second functional unit 40 can correspond to the gap between two adjacent first sub-functional units 301 in the first functional unit 30. In this embodiment, one of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can conduct incident electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency band, while the other of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can block incident electromagnetic waves in that frequency band.

[0107] Of course, in other possible embodiments, the shape of the second functional unit 40 may be the same as the shape of the first functional unit 30. In this embodiment, the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can conduct electromagnetic waves of the same frequency band, or the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can block electromagnetic waves of the same frequency band, or one of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can conduct electromagnetic waves of one frequency band, and the other of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 can block electromagnetic waves of another frequency band.

[0108] exist Figure 14 In the glass antenna 100 shown, the second functional unit 40 is disposed on the fourth surface 141 of the inner glass plate 104, and the first functional unit 30 is disposed on the second surface 131 of the outer glass plate 103. At this time, the second functional unit 40 can block the incident electromagnetic wave, and the first functional unit 30 can conduct the incident electromagnetic wave.

[0109] By stacking the second functional unit 40, the antenna radiator 20, and the first functional unit 30 in sequence, one of the second functional unit 40 and the first functional unit 30 is used to conduct incident electromagnetic waves, while the other is used to block incident electromagnetic waves. This can change the distribution of radiated energy on both sides of the antenna radiator 20, thereby greatly improving the communication performance of the glass antenna 100 in a specific frequency band.

[0110] The features mentioned above in the specification, claims, and drawings can be combined in any way as long as they are meaningful within the scope of this application. The advantages and features described for the glass antenna 100 are applied accordingly to the vehicle.

[0111] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A glass antenna, characterized in that, include: Glass body; An antenna radiator is disposed on one surface of the glass body; and A first functional unit is disposed on another surface of the glass body and stacked with the antenna radiator. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator. The first functional unit includes at least three first sub-functional units. Two adjacent first sub-functional units are spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the first functional unit includes at least two first sub-equivalent circuits. Each first sub-equivalent circuit includes a first equivalent capacitor and at least one first equivalent inductor. The first sub-functional units are located in multiple different periodic regions, and each periodic region includes at least three first sub-functional units. The spacing between the first sub-functional units in different periodic regions is different. The multiple periodic regions include four periodic regions arranged in a 2×2 array. Starting from the periodic region with the smallest spacing between the first sub-functional units, the spacing between the first sub-functional units in different periodic regions gradually increases in a counterclockwise direction.

2. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least two first sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the first equivalent capacitor and the first equivalent inductor are connected in series; or, the at least two first sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the first equivalent capacitor and the first equivalent inductor are connected in parallel.

3. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjacent first sub-functional units form a first equivalent capacitor in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit, and a portion of the first sub-functional units form a first equivalent inductor in the equivalent circuit of the first functional unit.

4. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first sub-functional unit is one of the following: circular, rectangular, square, circular, rectangular, square, or symmetrical G-shaped ring.

5. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least three first sub-functional units are arranged sequentially along the first direction.

6. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least three first sub-functional units include at least two first sub-functional units arranged along a second direction and at least two first sub-functional units arranged along a third direction, wherein the second direction intersects with the third direction.

7. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first functional unit includes at least four first sub-functional units, which are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

8. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the first sub-functional unit varies in different periodic regions.

9. The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, All of the antenna radiators are used to generate a resonant current supporting the target frequency band under the excitation of the signal source, and the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the plane where the antenna radiators are located covers all of the antenna radiators.

10. The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The first part of the antenna radiator is used to generate a resonant current supporting a first frequency band under the excitation of a signal source, and the second part of the antenna radiator is used to generate a resonant current supporting a second frequency band under the excitation of a signal source. The orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers the first part of the antenna radiator but does not cover the second part of the antenna radiator; or, the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers the second part of the antenna radiator but does not cover the first part of the antenna radiator; or, the orthographic projection of the first functional unit on the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers both the first part and the second part of the antenna radiator.

11. The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The glass antenna further includes a second functional unit, which is disposed on the same surface of the glass body as the first functional unit, or on different surfaces of the glass body. The second functional unit, the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit are stacked sequentially. The orthographic projection of the second functional unit onto the surface where the antenna radiator is located covers at least a portion of the antenna radiator. The second functional unit is used to change the radiated energy distribution of the antenna radiator. The second functional unit includes at least three second sub-functional units, which are spaced apart and coupled. The equivalent circuit of the second functional unit includes at least two second sub-equivalent circuits, each of which includes a second equivalent capacitor and at least one second equivalent inductor. The at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in parallel, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in series, or the at least two second sub-equivalent circuits are connected in series, and the second equivalent capacitor and the second equivalent inductor are connected in parallel.

12. The glass antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that, One of the second functional unit and the first functional unit is used to conduct incident electromagnetic waves, and the other of the second functional unit and the first functional unit is used to block incident electromagnetic waves.

13. The glass antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that, The shape of the second functional unit is different from the shape of the first functional unit, or the shape of the second functional unit is the same as the shape of the first functional unit.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a signal source and a glass antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the signal source is electrically connected to the antenna radiator.

15. The vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first functional unit is located near the outer side of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit has a conducting effect on the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator; or, the first functional unit is located near the inner side of the vehicle relative to the antenna radiator, and the first functional unit has a blocking effect on the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna radiator.

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