Bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, and relates to the technical field of bionic prostheses, the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis comprises a glenoid fossa prosthesis, the glenoid fossa prosthesis comprises a wing plate, an extension plate and a fixed column, one end of the wing plate is fixedly connected with one side of the extension plate, one end of the fixed column is fixedly connected with the other side of the extension plate, and the wing plate is perpendicular to the extension plate; the joint ball prosthesis is in an ellipsoid shape, and the joint ball prosthesis is detachably connected with the fixing column; the mandibular ramus prosthesis comprises a condylar process cup and a mandibular ramus retention handle, the condylar process cup is a semi-ellipsoidal shell, a semi-ellipsoidal concave part is arranged on the condylar process cup, the condylar process cup comprises a wear-resistant layer, a backing layer fixedly connected with the wear-resistant layer and a connecting column connected with the backing layer, and the mandibular ramus retention handle is detachably connected with the connecting column; and the joint ball prosthesis can be in running fit and sliding fit with the semi-ellipsoidal concave part. The dislocation rate is low, stress is more dispersed, the abrasion-resistant layer is not prone to fatigue, and the opening degree and the forward stretching amount of a larger degree can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bionic prostheses, in particular to a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] The temporomandibular joint prosthesis was first used in the human body in 1960. It has been continuously developed and improved over the past seven decades. It has been recognized both at home and abroad for its advantages such as stability, non-absorbability, and no need to open a second surgical area.

[0003] However, although the current standard products are designed based on the anatomical structure of the temporomandibular joint, they cannot simulate the muscles and fibrous connective tissue attachment around the joint, which makes them not only prone to external dislocation, but also have limited improvement in mouth opening. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the increase in the incidence of temporomandibular joint diseases, the rate of artificial joint replacement surgery has increased at the same time, but the problems of high dislocation rate and limited improvement in mouth opening have gradually emerged. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, reduce the dislocation rate of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, and improve its mouth opening degree.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, comprising: A glenoid prosthesis, the glenoid prosthesis comprising a wing plate, an extension plate and a fixing column, one end of the wing plate being fixedly connected to one side of the extension plate, and one end of the fixing column being fixedly connected to the other side of the extension plate, the wing plate and the extension plate being perpendicular to each other, and the wing plate being used to connect to the zygomatic arch; A joint ball prosthesis, the joint ball prosthesis is in an ellipsoidal shape, and the joint ball prosthesis is detachably connected to the fixing column; A mandibular ramus prosthesis, the mandibular ramus prosthesis comprising a condylar cup and a mandibular ramus retaining handle, the condylar cup being a semi-ellipsoidal shell, the condylar cup being provided with a semi-ellipsoidal recess, the condylar cup comprising a wear-resistant layer, a backing layer fixedly connected to the wear-resistant layer and a connecting column connected to the backing layer, the wear-resistant layer being closer to the semi-ellipsoidal recess than the backing layer, the mandibular ramus retaining handle being detachably connected to the connecting column, the mandibular ramus retaining handle being used to be connected to the mandibular ramus; the articular ball prosthesis can be rotationally and slidably fitted with the semi-ellipsoidal recess.

[0006] Preferably, a plurality of first threaded holes are provided on the wing plate, and the wing plate is connected to the zygomatic arch through a plurality of first screws, the first screws correspond to the first threaded holes one by one, and the first screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding first threaded holes.

[0007] Preferably, a second threaded hole is provided on the joint ball prosthesis, and the fixing column is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole.

[0008] Preferably, the second threaded hole is coaxial with the short diameter of the joint ball prosthesis.

[0009] Preferably, the glenoid fossa prosthesis is integrally formed and is made of integrally cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy.

[0010] Preferably, the mandibular ramus retaining handle is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes, the mandibular ramus retaining handle is connected to the mandibular ramus via a plurality of second screws, the second screws correspond one-to-one to the third threaded holes, and the second screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding third threaded holes.

[0011] Preferably, the mandibular ramus retaining handle is made of titanium alloy, and the surface of the mandibular ramus retaining handle in contact with the mandibular ramus is sprayed with a titanium coating.

[0012] Preferably, the mandibular ramus retaining handle is threadedly connected to the connecting column.

[0013] Preferably, the backing layer and the connecting column are integrally formed.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the wear-resistant layer is ultra-high molecular polyethylene; the material of the backing layer and the connecting column is metal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: After the artificial temporomandibular joint prosthesis is replaced, the rear baffle of the traditional fossa prosthesis is usually designed to be shorter in height so as not to compress the external auditory canal, resulting in a higher probability of posterior dislocation of the condylar prosthesis after the prosthesis is replaced. In the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention, the ball joint prosthesis is matched with the front baffle design of the condylar cup, so that the ball joint prosthesis and the condylar cup can maintain a larger area during the opening and closing movement, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of posterior dislocation.

[0016] Furthermore, in the condylar cup, the area of ​​the backing layer and the wear-resistant layer on one side of the connecting column is larger than that of the backing layer and the wear-resistant layer on the other side of the connecting column. During use, the backing layer and the wear-resistant layer on the side with the larger area (referred to as the front extension portion for short) are directed toward the front of the patient's head, while the backing layer and the wear-resistant layer on the side with the smaller area (referred to as the rear extension portion for short) are directed toward the rear of the patient's head. In this way, when the patient performs a closing action, the full contact between the front extension portion and the articular ball prosthesis can further reduce the occurrence of posterior dislocation.

[0017] Furthermore, in the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention, the stress is transmitted to the mandible via the condylar cup with a semi-ellipsoidal recess. The spherical-concave contact surface of the semi-ellipsoidal recess increases the contact area, and the stress is more dispersed, making the ultra-high molecular polyethylene material in the wear-resistant layer less prone to fatigue.

[0018] Furthermore, in the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention, the articular ball prosthesis can rotate and slide with the semi-ellipsoidal recess, relying on the rotation and sliding between the ball and recess joint (i.e., between the articular ball prosthesis and the semi-ellipsoidal recess), a greater degree of mouth opening and protrusion can be achieved.

[0019] Furthermore, the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention does not have a front baffle design. Compared with the traditional artificial temporomandibular joint prosthesis, it is easier to return to its original position after dislocation due to the lack of the obstruction of the front baffle. The reverse joint prosthesis can overcome the higher dislocation rate while satisfying the requirement of increasing the mouth opening range.

[0020] Furthermore, the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention moves the rotation center upward compared to the traditional temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis. For patients with unilateral temporomandibular joint replacement, the rotation center is more closely matched, which can further balance the stress between the healthy joint and the artificial temporomandibular joint.

[0021] Furthermore, the condylar cup portion of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention intentionally shortens the condylar cup wall close to the external auditory canal in the sagittal direction, effectively preventing posterior dislocation and impact on the auditory organ during posterior dislocation, thereby avoiding damage to the auditory organ.

[0022] Furthermore, the articular ball prosthesis and the condylar cup in the present invention are both replaceable; on the one hand, the replaceable articular ball prosthesis and the replaceable condylar cup can achieve partial replacement, which is lower in cost; on the other hand, due to the continuous development of the mandible of children, the artificial temporomandibular joint cannot be remodeled with the mandible, so the current expert consensus is that the applicable population of commercial artificial temporomandibular joint prosthesis is patients aged 18 and above, and the present invention can achieve adaptation to the mandibular reconstruction during children's growth and development by partially replacing the prosthesis accessories, so it has advantages; on the other hand, the mandibular ramus prosthesis in the current commercial artificial temporomandibular joint is fixedly connected to the mandible by screws, and when the service life of the articular prosthesis expires and needs to be replaced, the screws and the mandibular ramus prosthesis need to be removed. For middle-aged and elderly patients, this secondary trauma may not only cause fractures of the mandible, but also cause poor healing of the newly replaced articular prosthesis and screws with the mandible, resulting in failure of the operation. The replaceable articular ball prosthesis and the replaceable condylar cup can achieve partial replacement, which can avoid secondary surgery of the mandibular ramus prosthesis and the fossa prosthesis.

[0023] Furthermore, the articular ball prosthesis is made to be ellipsoidal in shape, which simulates the physiological morphology of the human condyle. The ellipsoidal articular ball prosthesis can maximize the contact area between the articular ball prosthesis and the condylar cup within a limited space to reduce the dead space. Moreover, because the movement of the temporomandibular joint includes rotation in situ and sliding in the anterior-posterior direction, the wide anterior-posterior diameter is not conducive to the condylar cup sliding forward along the articular ball prosthesis, and is not conducive to the mouth opening action. After the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention is installed, the major diameter direction of the articular ball prosthesis is along the left-right direction of the patient's head, which will not have an adverse effect on the patient's mouth opening action. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The structure of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The structure of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The structure of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 3 ; In the figure: 1, wing plate; 2, extension plate; 3, fixing column; 4, articular ball prosthesis; 5, wear-resistant layer; 6, backing layer; 7, connecting column; 8, condylar cup; 9, mandibular ramus retention handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, reduce the dislocation rate of the bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, and improve its mouth opening degree.

[0028] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, comprising: The joint fossa prosthesis includes a wing plate 1, an extension plate 2 and a fixing column 3. One end of the wing plate 1 is fixedly connected to one side of the extension plate 2, and one end of the fixing column 3 is fixedly connected to the other side of the extension plate 2. The wing plate 1 and the extension plate 2 are perpendicular to each other. The wing plate 1 is used to connect with the zygomatic arch. The connection structure with the zygomatic arch is increased by connecting the wing plate 1 with the zygomatic arch, which can be more stably fixed on the facial bones, providing a more stable support foundation for the entire joint prosthesis. The joint ball prosthesis 4 is ellipsoidal in shape and is detachably connected to the fixing column 3; Mandibular ramus prosthesis, the mandibular ramus prosthesis includes a condylar cup 8 and a mandibular ramus retaining handle 9, the condylar cup 8 is a semi-ellipsoidal shell, a semi-ellipsoidal recess is arranged on the condylar cup 8, the condylar cup 8 includes a wear-resistant layer 5, a backing layer 6 fixedly connected to the wear-resistant layer 5 and a connecting column 7 connected to the backing layer 6, the wear-resistant layer 5 is closer to the semi-ellipsoidal recess than the backing layer 6, the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 is detachably connected to the connecting column 7, and the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 is used to be connected to the mandibular ramus; the articular ball prosthesis 4 can rotate and slide with the semi-ellipsoidal recess, and can achieve a greater degree of mouth opening and protrusion by relying on the rotation and sliding between the ball and concave joint (i.e., between the articular ball prosthesis 4 and the semi-ellipsoidal recess).

[0030] The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis of this embodiment has a low dislocation rate. The stress is transmitted to the mandible through the condylar cup 8 with a semi-ellipsoidal concave portion. The ball-concave contact surface of the semi-ellipsoidal concave portion increases the contact area, and the stress is more dispersed, making the ultra-high molecular polyethylene material in the wear-resistant layer 5 less prone to fatigue. The joint ball prosthesis 4 is detachably connected to the fixing column 3, and the mandibular ramus retention handle 9 of the mandibular ramus prosthesis is detachably connected to the connecting column 7. This detachable connection method can be adjusted and installed according to the specific situation of the patient, making the coordination between the various parts of the joint more precise, thereby enhancing the stability of the joint and reducing the risk of dislocation. In this embodiment, the condylar cup 8 presents a structure in which the posterior wall is shorter and the anterior wall is longer in the sagittal section, and presents a structure in which the inner and outer walls are of equal length in the coronal section. The wall of the condylar cup 8 close to the external auditory canal is intentionally shortened to effectively prevent posterior dislocation and impact on the auditory organ during posterior dislocation, thereby avoiding damage to the auditory organ.

[0031] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that a plurality of first threaded holes are provided on the wing plate 1, and the wing plate 1 is connected to the zygomatic arch through a plurality of first screws, the first screws correspond to the first threaded holes one by one, and the first screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding first threaded holes. This threaded connection method is simple and reliable, and can ensure the connection strength between the fossa prosthesis and the zygomatic arch, ensuring that it will not loosen during joint movement.

[0032] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that a second threaded hole is provided on the joint ball prosthesis 4, and the fixing column 3 is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole. This design not only facilitates the installation and removal of the joint ball prosthesis 4, but also ensures the stability and accuracy of the joint ball during movement, making the rotation and sliding of the joint smoother. It is worth noting that in actual applications, the detachable connection between the joint ball prosthesis 4 and the fixing column 3 can also be achieved by other connection methods, such as bonding, clamping, etc.

[0033] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the second threaded hole is coaxial with the short diameter of the articular ball prosthesis 4. The articular ball prosthesis 4 is ellipsoidal, which mimics the physiological morphology of the human condyle, so that the second threaded hole is coaxial with the short diameter of the articular ball prosthesis 4, and the articular ball prosthesis 4 is in the left-right direction in the long diameter direction, which increases the contact area between the articular ball prosthesis 4 and the semi-ellipsoidal concave part of the condylar cup 8 in the left-right direction, reducing the dead space; and because the movement of the temporomandibular joint includes rotation in situ and sliding in the front-back direction, the wide front-back diameter is not conducive to the condylar cup 8 sliding forward along the articular ball prosthesis 4, which is not conducive to the mouth opening action.

[0034] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the glenoid fossa prosthesis is integrally formed, and the glenoid fossa prosthesis is made of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy by integral casting.

[0035] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that a plurality of third threaded holes are provided on the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9, the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 is connected to the mandibular ramus through a plurality of second screws, the second screws correspond to the third threaded holes one by one, and the second screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding third threaded holes.

[0036] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the material of the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 is titanium alloy, which has good biocompatibility and light weight and high strength, and can reduce the burden on the patient's body. The surface of the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 in contact with the mandibular ramus is sprayed with a titanium coating, which further improves the bone integration ability with the mandibular ramus, promotes the fusion of the prosthesis with the body bone, and enhances the fixation effect.

[0037] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 is threadedly connected to the connecting column 7, and the threaded connection ensures the connection strength between the mandibular ramus retaining handle 9 and the mandibular ramus.

[0038] In the optional solution of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the backing layer 6 and the connecting column 7 are integrally formed to ensure the integrity and stability of the structure.

[0039] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the material of the wear-resistant layer 5 is ultra-high molecular polyethylene, which has good wear resistance and self-lubricating properties, can reduce friction and wear during joint movement, and extend the service life of the prosthesis; the material of the backing layer 6 and the connecting column 7 is metal, which provides sufficient strength and support.

[0040] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis, characterized in that: include: A glenoid prosthesis, the glenoid prosthesis comprising a wing plate, an extension plate and a fixing column, one end of the wing plate being fixedly connected to one side of the extension plate, and one end of the fixing column being fixedly connected to the other side of the extension plate, the wing plate and the extension plate being perpendicular to each other, and the wing plate being used to connect to the zygomatic arch; A joint ball prosthesis, the joint ball prosthesis is in an ellipsoidal shape, and the joint ball prosthesis is detachably connected to the fixing column; A mandibular ramus prosthesis, the mandibular ramus prosthesis comprising a condylar cup and a mandibular ramus retaining handle, the condylar cup being a semi-ellipsoidal shell, the condylar cup being provided with a semi-ellipsoidal recess, the condylar cup comprising a wear-resistant layer, a backing layer fixedly connected to the wear-resistant layer and a connecting column connected to the backing layer, the wear-resistant layer being closer to the semi-ellipsoidal recess than the backing layer, the mandibular ramus retaining handle being detachably connected to the connecting column, the mandibular ramus retaining handle being used to be connected to the mandibular ramus; the articular ball prosthesis can be rotationally and slidably fitted with the semi-ellipsoidal recess.

2. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wing plate is provided with a plurality of first threaded holes, and the wing plate is connected to the zygomatic arch through a plurality of first screws, the first screws correspond to the first threaded holes one by one, and the first screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding first threaded holes.

3. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The joint ball prosthesis is provided with a second threaded hole, and the fixing column is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole.

4. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second threaded hole is coaxial with the short diameter of the joint ball prosthesis.

5. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glenoid cavity prosthesis is integrally formed and is made of a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy by integral casting.

6. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mandibular ramus retaining handle is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes, and the mandibular ramus retaining handle is connected to the mandibular ramus via a plurality of second screws, the second screws correspond to the third threaded holes one by one, and the second screws are threadedly connected to the corresponding third threaded holes.

7. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the mandibular ramus retaining handle is titanium alloy, and the surface of the mandibular ramus retaining handle in contact with the mandibular ramus is sprayed with a titanium coating.

8. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mandibular ramus retaining handle is threadedly connected to the connecting column.

9. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backing layer and the connecting column are integrally formed.

10. The bionic artificial temporomandibular joint replacement prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the wear-resistant layer is ultra-high molecular polyethylene; the material of the backing layer and the connecting column is metal.

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