High-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill with circumferential and axial adjustability

Abstract

The present invention provides a highly efficient free-cutting stepped end mill with adjustable circumferential and axial directions, belonging to the technical field of end mills, which includes a main cutter head, a first-order cutter head, a second-order cutter head, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order cutter body, a second-order cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly; the axial adjustment of the first-order cutter head and the first-order cutter body is realized through the telescopic movement of the axial telescopic rod to achieve stepped machining at different depths, and the independent circumferential adjustment of the first-order cutter body and the second-order cutter body is realized by controlling the media in the first-order media chamber and the second-order media chamber in the circumferential telescopic assembly to adapt to workpieces of different sizes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of end mills, and specifically discloses a high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill with adjustable circumferential and axial directions. Background Art

[0002] Milling, as a commonly used cutting process in mechanical manufacturing, occupies an important position in machining. Almost all metal cutting products have milling operations. Milling is widely used in the roughing and finishing of mechanical parts in the automotive, aviation, and mold manufacturing industries. In particular, milling with large machining allowances plays a key role in the manufacturing of large equipment such as aircraft carrier engines, gearboxes, nuclear power plant equipment, and hydraulic power generation equipment.

[0003] The maturity of milling cutter manufacturing technology plays a decisive role in the development of milling technology. During the machining of large flat surfaces, there are problems such as poor surface quality of the workpiece and large machining allowances. First, the milling efficiency of ordinary end mills is low, and they cannot efficiently complete these milling tasks. Second, during the operation of ordinary end mills and traditional stepped end mills, the cutting edges of all teeth participate in cutting, which is a typical non-free cutting. This not only has an adverse impact on the cutting edges, especially the cutting tips, reducing the tool life, but also reduces the surface quality of the machined surface due to the wear of the cutting edges. Although existing high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mills (such as the Chinese patent with the publication number CN114042978A and the patent name of high-efficiency stepped end mill) can well overcome the above problems, once they are produced, they cannot be adjusted in terms of circumferential and axial dimensions, making it difficult to meet the changing machining requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill with adjustable circumferential and axial directions, solving the technical problem that existing high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mills cannot be adjusted in terms of circumferential and axial dimensions once they are produced.

[0005] The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill provided by the present invention includes a main cutter disk, a first-order cutter disk, a second-order cutter disk, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order cutter body, a second-order cutter body, and a circumferential telescopic assembly; the main cutter disk includes an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves are equiangularly arranged at the lower end of the annular side plate; the first-order cutter disk and the second-order cutter disk are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter disk or an annular cutter disk, the first-order cutter disk corresponds to the axial groove, the second-order cutter disk is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate, and the first-order cutter disk and the second-order cutter disk are axially slidably connected; the axial telescopic rod corresponds to the first-order cutter disk, the axial telescopic rod includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod that are slidably connected, the fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover, and the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the first-order cutter disk; the first-order cutter body corresponds to the first-order cutter disk, the first-order cutter body includes a first-order cutter holder and a first-order cutter blade, the first-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the first-order cutter disk, and a first-order cutter blade is installed at the end of the first-order cutter holder outside the first-order cutter disk; the second-order cutter body corresponds to the second-order cutter disk, the second-order cutter body includes a second-order cutter holder and a second-order cutter blade, the second-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the second-order cutter disk, and a second-order cutter blade is installed at the end of the second-order cutter holder outside the second-order cutter disk; the main rake angles and the tip positions of the first-order cutter blade and the second-order cutter blade are different; the circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed part, a first-order telescopic part, a first-order connecting rod, a second-order telescopic part, a second-order connecting rod, a medium providing mechanism, and a medium recovering mechanism; the fixed part is fixedly installed in the main cutter disk, the fixed part includes a fixed cylinder and a fixed inner baffle fixed in the fixed cylinder, and a through hole is arranged on the fixed inner baffle; the first-order telescopic part includes a first-order telescopic cylinder, a first-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the first-order telescopic cylinder, and a first-order telescopic inner baffle fixed in the first-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder slidably passes through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle, the first-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the fixed cylinder and is in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder, the first-order telescopic outer baffle, the first-order telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the fixed inner baffle enclose a first-order medium chamber, and a through hole is arranged on the first-order telescopic inner baffle; a first-order medium inlet channel and a first-order medium outlet channel are arranged on the fixed part, the first-order medium inlet channel communicates the first-order medium chamber with the medium providing mechanism, and the first-order medium outlet channel communicates the first-order medium chamber with the medium recovering mechanism; the first-order connecting rod corresponds to the first-order cutter body, and the two ends of the first-order connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected to the first-order cutter holder and the first-order telescopic cylinder; the second-order telescopic part includes a second-order telescopic cylinder and a second-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic cylinder slidably passes through the through hole of the first-order telescopic inner baffle, the second-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-order telescopic cylinder and is in sliding contact with the first-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic outer baffle, the second-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the first-order telescopic inner baffle enclose a second-order medium chamber; a second-order medium inlet channel and a second-order medium outlet channel are arranged on the first-order telescopic part, the second-order medium inlet channel communicates the second-order medium chamber with the medium providing mechanism, and the second-order medium outlet channel communicates the second-order medium chamber with the medium recovering mechanism; the second-order connecting rod corresponds to the second-order cutter body, and the two ends of the second-order connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected to the second-order cutter holder and the second-order telescopic cylinder.

[0006] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the fixed rod is of a hollow structure, with an upper end cover provided at the upper end and a lower end cover provided at the lower end; the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod; the first telescopic rod is installed inside the fixed rod, and the first telescopic rod and the fixed rod are connected through axially sliding tracks and axially grooves in sliding fit. A partition is provided inside the first telescopic rod, and the partition divides the first telescopic rod into a first space and a second space along the axial direction; the second telescopic rod is made of a magnetic material and includes a rod body and a limiting disk fixed to the upper end of the rod body. The rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first-order cutter head, and the limiting disk is located between the first telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod; the axial telescopic rod further includes a manual adjustment column, a circuit board, a support rod, an electromagnet, and a spring; the manual adjustment column includes a smooth section and a threaded section. The smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod and is threadedly connected to the first space; the circuit board is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod; both ends of the support rod are connected to the partition and the circuit board respectively; the electromagnet is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod and is connected to the circuit board; the spring is sleeved outside the rod body of the second telescopic rod, and both ends are respectively connected to the limiting disk of the second telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod.

[0007] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the fixed rod includes a first fixed rod and a second fixed rod that are inserted into each other. The upper end cover is provided at the upper end of the first fixed rod, and the lower end cover is provided at the lower end of the second fixed rod; the axial track includes a first axial track and a second axial track, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove and a second axial groove; the first axial track is provided on the inner wall of the first fixed rod; the second axial track is provided on the inner wall of the second fixed rod, and the lower end of the second axial track is located above the second telescopic rod; the first axial track and the second axial track are arranged in a staggered manner; both the first axial groove and the second axial groove are provided on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod and are in sliding fit with the first axial track and the second axial track respectively; the first axial groove penetrates through both ends of the first telescopic rod; the second axial groove penetrates through the upper end of the first telescopic rod and does not penetrate through the lower end of the first telescopic rod.

[0008] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the upper end cover of the fixed rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column are axially limited through a rotationally matched annular groove and annular boss.

[0009] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the axial telescopic rod further includes an annular magnet; the annular magnet is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetism of the annular magnet is opposite to that of the second telescopic rod; a plurality of electromagnets are evenly arranged around the support rod and are all located inside the annular magnet.

[0010] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, a tool holder connection groove is provided on the end cover of the main cutter disk; the first-order cutter disk and the second-order cutter disk are arranged at intervals to form an annular cutter disk, the inner ends of multiple second-order cutter disks are connected through a connecting ring, and the first-order cutter disk and the second-order cutter disk are slidably connected through an axial chute and an axial slide rail; the first-order tool holder and the first-order cutter disk, and the second-order tool holder and the second-order cutter disk are all slidably connected through a radial chute and a radial slide rail; the first-order cutting blade is connected to the first-order tool holder through a screw, and the second-order cutting blade is connected to the second-order tool holder through a screw.

[0011] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the circumferential telescopic assembly further includes a medium control valve and a medium pipeline; the first-order medium inlet channel, the first-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel, and the second-order medium outlet channel are all connected to the medium control valve through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline.

[0012] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the medium used is gas.

[0013] The above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill further includes a sensor, a wireless transmitter, and a controller; the sensor is installed on the second-order cutter disk and is used to measure the size of the workpiece; the wireless transmitter is installed in the main cutter disk and is used to transmit the detection signal of the sensor to the controller; the controller is used to control the circuit board and the medium control valve according to the detection signal of the sensor.

[0014] In the above-mentioned high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill, the sensor is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an optical fiber sensor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] Aiming at the problem that the high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill is difficult to adapt to complex machining conditions due to the inability to achieve circumferential and axial regulation during the machining process, the present invention designs a first-order cutter disk, a second-order cutter disk, an axial telescopic rod, a first-order tool body, a second-order tool body, and a circumferential telescopic assembly. The axial regulation of the first-order cutter disk and the first-order tool body is realized through the telescopic of the axial telescopic rod to achieve stepped machining of different depths. By controlling the medium in the first-order medium chamber and the second-order medium chamber in the circumferential telescopic assembly, the independent circumferential regulation of the first-order tool body and the second-order tool body is realized to adapt to workpieces of different sizes. Since the axial movement and the circumferential movement adopt different control methods, there will be no movement interference, and the free regulation of the axial and circumferential movements can be realized. Description of the Drawings

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill that can be adjusted circumferentially and axially;

[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a view in another direction;

[0020] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a sectional view of;

[0021] Figure 4 is an assembly drawing of the first-order cutter head, the second-order cutter head, the first-order cutter body, and the second-order cutter body;

[0022] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the axial telescopic rod;

[0023] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the axial telescopic rod;

[0024] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the first fixing rod;

[0025] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the second fixing rod;

[0026] Figure 9 is a sectional view of the circumferential telescopic assembly;

[0027] Figure 10 is a working flow chart of the high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill that can be adjusted circumferentially and axially.

[0028] In the figure: 1 - main cutter head; 1.1 - tool holder connection groove; 1.2 - axial groove;

[0029] 2 - first-order cutter head; 2.1 - connection head;

[0030] 3 - second-order cutter head;

[0031] 4 - Axial telescopic rod; 4.1 - First telescopic rod; 4.2 - Second telescopic rod; 4.3 - Partition board; 4.4 - Manual adjustment column; 4.5 - Circuit board; 4.6 - Support rod; 4.7 - Electromagnet; 4.8 - Spring; 4.9 - First fixing rod; 4.10 - Second fixing rod; 4.11 - First axial track; 4.12 - Second axial track; 4.13 - First axial groove; 4.14 - Second axial groove; 4.15 - Ring magnet;

[0032] 5 - Sensor; 6 - Wireless transmitter; 7 - Connecting ring;

[0033] 8.1 - First - order tool rest; 8.2 - First - order cutting blade;

[0034] 9.1 - Second - order tool rest; 9.2 - Second - order cutting blade;

[0035] 10.1 - Fixed part; 10.2 - First - order telescopic part; 10.3 - First - order connecting rod; 10.4 - Second - order telescopic part; 10.5 - Second - order connecting rod; 10.6 - Medium control valve; 10.7 - First - order medium chamber; 10.8 - First - order medium inlet channel; 10.9 - First - order medium discharge channel; 10.10 - Second - order medium chamber; 10.11 - Second - order medium inlet channel; 10.12 - Second - order medium discharge channel. Detailed implementation mode

[0036] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This embodiment provides a circumferentially and axially adjustable high - efficiency free - cutting stepped end - milling cutter, including a main cutter disk 1, a first - order cutter disk 2, a second - order cutter disk 3, an axial telescopic rod 4, a first - order cutter body, a second - order cutter body, a circumferential telescopic assembly, a sensor 5, a wireless transmitter 6 and a controller.

[0038] The main cutter disk 1 includes an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover. A tool - shank connection groove 1.1 is provided on the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves 1.2 are equiangularly arranged at the lower end of the annular side plate.

[0039] The first - order cutter head 2 and the second - order cutter head 3 are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter head or an annular cutter head. The first - order cutter head 2 corresponds to the axial groove 1.2. The second - order cutter head 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate. The first - order cutter head 2 and the second - order cutter head 3 are axially slidably connected. To facilitate the connection between the circumferential telescopic assembly and the first - order cutter head 2 and the second - order cutter head 3, the first - order cutter head 2 and the second - order cutter head 3 enclose an annular cutter head, and the inner ends of multiple second - order cutter heads 3 are connected into one body through a connecting ring 7. The first - order cutter head 2 and the second - order cutter head 3 are connected through an axial chute and an axial slide rail, which can not only achieve axial sliding but also achieve radial limit.

[0040] The axial telescopic rod 4 is arranged corresponding to the first - order cutter head 2. The axial telescopic rod 4 includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod that are slidably connected. The fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover. The telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the connecting head 2.1 on the first - order cutter head 2. By the telescopic movement of the telescopic rod, the first - order cutter head 2 axially moves along the axial groove 1.2 of the main cutter head 1.

[0041] In the above - mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the fixed rod is a hollow structure, with an upper end cover arranged at the upper end and a lower end cover arranged at the lower end; the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic rod 4.1 and a second telescopic rod 4.2; the first telescopic rod 4.1 is installed inside the fixed rod, and the first telescopic rod 4.1 and the fixed rod are connected through axially - sliding - matched axial tracks and axial grooves. A partition 4.3 is arranged inside the first telescopic rod 4.1, and the partition 4.3 axially divides the first telescopic rod 4.1 into a first space and a second space; the second telescopic rod 4.2 is made of a magnetic material and includes a rod body and a limit disk fixed to the upper end of the rod body. The rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first - order cutter head 2. The limit disk is located between the first telescopic rod 4.1 and the lower end cover of the fixed rod, and is used to limit the maximum downward movement stroke of the second telescopic rod 4.2; the axial telescopic rod also includes a manual adjustment column 4.4, a circuit board 4.5, a support rod 4.6, an electromagnet 4.7 and a spring 4.8; the manual adjustment column 4.4 includes a smooth section and a threaded section. The smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and is threadedly connected to the first space; the circuit board 4.5 is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod 4.1; both ends of the support rod 4.6 are respectively connected to the partition 4.3 and the circuit board 4.5; the electromagnet 4.7 is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and is connected to the circuit board 4.5, and the magnetic size and direction of the electromagnet 4.7 are controlled through the circuit board 4.5; the spring 4.8 is sleeved outside the rod body of the second telescopic rod 4.2, and both ends are respectively connected to the limit disk of the second telescopic rod 4.2 and the lower end cover of the fixed rod, providing the supporting force required for the second telescopic rod 4.2.

[0042] In the above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the fixed rod includes a first fixed rod 4.9 and a second fixed rod 4.10 that are inserted into each other. The upper end cap is arranged at the upper end of the first fixed rod 4.9, and the lower end cap is arranged at the lower end of the second fixed rod 4.10; the axial track includes a first axial track 4.11 and a second axial track 4.12, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove 4.13 and a second axial groove 4.14; the first axial track 4.11 is arranged on the inner wall of the first fixed rod 4.9; the second axial track 4.12 is arranged on the inner wall of the second fixed rod 4.10, and the lower end of the second axial track 4.12 is located above the second telescopic rod 4.2; the first axial track 4.11 and the second axial track 4.12 are arranged in a staggered manner; the first axial groove 4.13 and the second axial groove 4.14 are both arranged on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod 4.1, and are respectively in sliding fit with the first axial track 4.11 and the second axial track 4.12; the first axial groove 4.13 penetrates through both ends of the first telescopic rod 4.1; the second axial groove 4.14 penetrates through the upper end of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and does not penetrate through the lower end of the first telescopic rod 4.1. The cooperation between the second axial track 4.12 and the second axial groove 4.14 not only limits the circumferential rotation of the first telescopic rod 4.1 and the fixed rod, but also limits the maximum upward movement stroke of the first telescopic rod 4.1.

[0043] In the above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4, the upper end cap of the fixed rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column 4.4 are axially limited by a rotationally matched annular groove and annular boss.

[0044] The above-mentioned axial telescopic rod 4 further includes an annular magnet 4.15; the annular magnet 4.15 is fixed on the circuit board 4.5, and the magnetism of the annular magnet 4.15 is opposite to that of the second telescopic rod 4.2 to prevent the second telescopic rod 4.2 from contacting the circuit board 4.5; a plurality of electromagnets 4.7 are evenly arranged around the support rod 4.6 and are all located within the annular magnet 4.15. The electromagnets 4.7 use electricity to control the polarity and magnetic force magnitude. If the second telescopic rod 4.2 generates a radial offset situation (such as offset to the left), the electromagnets 4.7 will generate an opposite force (such as a force to the right) for balance to ensure that the second telescopic rod 4.2 only generates axial movement.

[0045] The first-order tool body is correspondingly arranged with the first-order tool disc 2. The first-order tool body includes a first-order tool holder 8.1 and a first-order cutting blade 8.2. The first-order tool holder 8.1 is radially slidably connected to the first-order tool disc 2. A first-order cutting blade 8.2 is installed at the end of the first-order tool holder 8.1 located outside the first-order tool disc 2 through a screw; the second-order tool body is correspondingly arranged with the second-order tool disc 3. The second-order tool body includes a second-order tool holder 9.1 and a second-order cutting blade 9.2. The second-order tool holder 9.1 is radially slidably connected to the second-order tool disc 3. A second-order cutting blade 9.2 is installed at the end of the second-order tool holder 9.1 located outside the second-order tool disc 3 through a screw; the principal cutting edge angles and the tip positions of the first-order cutting blade 8.2 and the second-order cutting blade 9.2 are different, enabling the two-order cutting blades to have different geometric parameters and distribution positions, realizing free cutting. The two-order cutting blades both use the same cutting blade. Since the wear positions of the two-order cutting blades are different, after being used for a period of time, the two-order cutting blades can be interchanged and continue to be processed, greatly improving the utilization rate and service life of the cutting blades. When they are worn again and cannot be used normally, only the screw needs to be removed and a new cutting blade can be replaced. In this embodiment, the first-order tool holder 8.1 and the first-order tool disc 2, and the second-order tool holder 9.1 and the second-order tool disc 3 are both connected through a radial chute and a radial slide rail, which can not only achieve radial sliding but also axial limit.

[0046] The circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed part 10.1, a first-stage telescopic part 10.2, a first-stage connecting rod 10.3, a second-stage telescopic part 10.4, a second-stage connecting rod 10.5, a medium control valve 10.6, a medium pipeline, a medium supply mechanism and a medium recovery mechanism; the fixed part 10.1 is fixedly installed in the main cutter head 1, the fixed part 10.1 includes a fixed cylinder and a fixed inner baffle fixed in the fixed cylinder, and a through hole is provided on the fixed inner baffle; the first-stage telescopic part 10.2 includes a first-stage telescopic cylinder, a first-stage telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the first-stage telescopic cylinder and a first-stage telescopic inner baffle fixed inside the first-stage telescopic cylinder, the first-stage telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle, the first-stage telescopic outer baffle is located in the fixed cylinder and is in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder, the first-stage telescopic outer baffle, the first-stage telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder and the fixed inner baffle enclose a first-stage medium chamber 10.7, and a through hole is provided on the first-stage telescopic inner baffle; a first-stage medium inlet channel 10.8 and a first-stage medium outlet channel 10.9 communicating with the first-stage medium chamber 10.7 are provided on the fixed part 10.1; the first-stage connecting rod 10.3 corresponds to the first-stage cutter body, and both ends of the first-stage connecting rod 10.3 are rotatably connected to the first-stage tool holder 8.1 and the first-stage telescopic cylinder respectively; the second-stage telescopic part 10.4 includes a second-stage telescopic cylinder and a second-stage telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-stage telescopic cylinder, the second-stage telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the first-stage telescopic inner baffle, the second-stage telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-stage telescopic cylinder and is in sliding contact with the first-stage telescopic cylinder, the second-stage telescopic outer baffle, the second-stage telescopic cylinder, the first-stage telescopic cylinder and the first-stage telescopic inner baffle enclose a second-stage medium chamber 10.10; a second-stage medium inlet channel 10.11 and a second-stage medium outlet channel 10.12 communicating with the second-stage medium chamber 10.10 are provided on the first-stage telescopic part 10.2; the first-stage medium inlet channel 10.8, the first-stage medium outlet channel 10.9, the second-stage medium inlet channel 10.11 and the second-stage medium outlet channel 10.12 are all connected to the medium control valve 10.6 through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline; the second-stage connecting rod 10.5 corresponds to the second-stage cutter body, and both ends of the second-stage connecting rod 10.5 are rotatably connected to the second-stage tool holder 9.1 and the second-stage telescopic cylinder respectively.

[0047] The circumferential telescopic assembly can be pneumatically controlled or hydraulically controlled. Compared with hydraulic control, pneumatic control has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost, flexible adjustment, high reliability, good safety and strong adaptability. Therefore, in this embodiment, the medium used in the circumferential telescopic assembly is gas.

[0048] The sensor 5 is installed on the second-stage cutter head 3 and is used to measure the size of the workpiece. The sensor 5 is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an optical fiber sensor.

[0049] The wireless transmitter 6 is used to transmit the detection signal of the sensor 5 to the controller. The wireless transmitter 6 is installed inside the main cutter head 1, avoiding damage caused by chips or cutting fluid generated during the machining process, which may affect its normal use.

[0050] The controller is used to control the circuit boards 4.5 and the medium control valves 10.6 according to the detection signal of the sensor 5.

[0051] The working process of the above circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting stepped end mill is described as follows.

[0052] S1, adjust the magnetic size and direction of the electromagnet 4.7.

[0053] S2, the second telescopic rod 4.2 expands and contracts axially.

[0054] S3, the first-order cutter head 2 and the first-order cutter body reach the expected axial position.

[0055] S4, the sensor 5 identifies the size of the workpiece.

[0056] S5, the cutter body expands and contracts circumferentially:

[0057] Open the valve port where the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the first-order medium inlet channel 10.8, close the other valve ports, fill the first-order medium chamber 10.7 with the medium, the first-order telescopic part 10.2 moves upward, and the first-order connecting rod 10.3 pulls the first-order cutter body to contract inward; open the valve port where the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the first-order medium discharge channel 10.9, close the other valve ports, extract the medium in the first-order medium chamber 10.7, the first-order telescopic part 10.2 moves downward, and the first-order connecting rod 10.3 pushes the first-order cutter body to expand outward; open the valve port where the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the second-order medium inlet channel 10.11, close the other valve ports, fill the second-order medium chamber 10.10 with the medium, the second-order telescopic part 10.4 moves upward, and the second-order connecting rod 10.5 pulls the second-order cutter body to contract inward; open the valve port where the medium control valve 10.6 is connected to the second-order medium discharge channel 10.12, close the other valve ports, extract the medium in the second-order medium chamber 10.10, the second-order telescopic part 10.4 moves downward, and the second-order connecting rod 10.5 pushes the second-order cutter body to expand outward.

[0058] S6, start milling.

[0059] S7, during the machining process, adjust the axial position of the first-order cutter head 2 and the first-order cutter body in a timely manner. If the electromagnetic module (i.e., the circuit boards 4.5 and the electromagnet 4.7) works normally, adjust the axial position of the first-order cutter head 2 and the first-order cutter body through the electromagnetic module. If the electromagnetic module fails or the electromagnetic module is difficult to meet the axial adjustment accuracy of the first-order cutter head 2 and the first-order cutter body, adjust the axial position of the first-order cutter head 2 and the first-order cutter body by rotating the manual adjustment column 4.4.

[0060] S8, continue processing.

[0061] S9, milling finished.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency free-cutting step end milling cutter that is adjustable in circumferential and axial directions, characterized in that: It includes a main cutter disc, a first-stage cutter disc, a second-stage cutter disc, an axial telescopic rod, a first-stage cutter body, a second-stage cutter body and a circumferential telescopic assembly; The main cutter disc includes an end cover and an annular side plate fixed below the end cover, and a plurality of axial grooves are arranged at equal angles at the lower end of the annular side plate; The first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a circular cutter disc or an annular cutter disc, the first-order cutter disc corresponds to the axial groove, the second-order cutter disc is fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular side plate, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are axially slidably connected; The axial telescopic rod is arranged corresponding to the first-order cutter disc, and the axial telescopic rod includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod that are slidably connected, the fixed rod passes through the end cover and is fixedly connected to the end cover, and the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the first-order cutter disc; The first-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the first-order cutter disc, the first-order cutter body comprises a first-order cutter holder and a first-order blade, the first-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the first-order cutter disc, and the first-order blade is installed at the end of the first-order cutter holder located outside the first-order cutter disc; The second-order cutter body is arranged correspondingly to the second-order cutter disc, the second-order cutter body comprises a second-order cutter holder and a second-order blade, the second-order cutter holder is radially slidably connected to the second-order cutter disc, and the second-order blade is installed at the end of the second-order cutter holder outside the second-order cutter disc; The main rake angle and the tip position of the first-order blade and the second-order blade are different; The circumferential telescopic assembly includes a fixed portion, a first-order telescopic portion, a first-order connecting rod, a second-order telescopic portion, a second-order connecting rod, a medium providing mechanism and a medium recovering mechanism; The fixing part is fixedly installed in the main cutter disc, and the fixing part includes a fixing cylinder and a fixing inner baffle fixed in the fixing cylinder, and a through hole is arranged on the fixing inner baffle; The first-order telescopic part includes a first-order telescopic cylinder, a first-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the first-order telescopic cylinder, and a first-order telescopic inner baffle fixed inside the first-order telescopic cylinder. The first-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the fixed inner baffle. The first-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the fixed cylinder and in sliding contact with the fixed cylinder. The first-order telescopic outer baffle, the first-order telescopic cylinder, the fixed cylinder, and the fixed inner baffle form a first-order medium chamber. The first-order telescopic inner baffle is provided with a through hole. The fixing part is provided with a first-order medium inlet channel and a first-order medium outlet channel, the first-order medium inlet channel is connected to the first-order medium chamber and the medium supply mechanism, and the first-order medium outlet channel is connected to the first-order medium chamber and the medium recovery mechanism; The first-order connecting rod corresponds to the first-order tool body, and the two ends of the first-order connecting rod are rotatably connected to the first-order tool holder and the first-order telescopic cylinder respectively; The second-order telescopic part includes a second-order telescopic cylinder and a second-order telescopic outer baffle fixed outside the second-order telescopic cylinder, the second-order telescopic cylinder slides through the through hole of the first-order telescopic inner baffle, the second-order telescopic outer baffle is located in the first-order telescopic cylinder and in sliding contact with the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the second-order telescopic outer baffle, the second-order telescopic cylinder, the first-order telescopic cylinder, and the first-order telescopic inner baffle enclose a second-order medium chamber; The first-order telescopic portion is provided with a second-order medium inlet channel and a second-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium supply mechanism, and the second-order medium outlet channel connects the second-order medium chamber with the medium recovery mechanism; The second-order connecting rod corresponds to the second-order tool body, and two ends of the second-order connecting rod are rotationally connected to the second-order tool holder and the second-order telescopic cylinder respectively.

2. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing rod is a hollow structure, with an upper end cover provided at the upper end and a lower end cover provided at the lower end; The telescopic rod comprises a first telescopic rod and a second telescopic rod; The first telescopic rod is installed in the fixed rod, the first telescopic rod is connected to the fixed rod through a slidingly matched axial track and an axial groove, and a partition is arranged in the first telescopic rod, which divides the first telescopic rod into a first space and a second space along the axial direction; The second telescopic rod is made of magnetic material, and includes a rod body and a limit plate fixed to the upper end of the rod body, the rod body passes through the lower end cover of the fixed rod and is fixedly connected to the first-stage cutter disc, and the limit plate is located between the first telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod; The axial telescopic rod also includes a manual adjustment column, a circuit board, a support rod, an electromagnet and a spring; The manual adjustment column comprises a smooth section and a threaded section, the smooth section passes through the upper end cover of the fixed rod and is rotatably connected with the upper end cover, and the threaded section is inserted into the first space of the first telescopic rod and is threadedly connected with the first space; The circuit board is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod; The two ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the partition plate and the circuit board; The electromagnet is installed in the second space of the first telescopic rod and connected to the circuit board; The spring is sleeved outside the rod body of the second telescopic rod, and two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the limit plate of the second telescopic rod and the lower end cover of the fixed rod.

3. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing rod comprises a first fixing rod and a second fixing rod which are plugged into each other, the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the first fixing rod, and the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the second fixing rod; The axial track includes a first axial track and a second axial track, and the axial groove includes a first axial groove and a second axial groove; The first axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the first fixing rod; The second axial track is arranged on the inner wall of the second fixed rod, and the lower end of the second axial track is located above the second telescopic rod; The first axial track and the second axial track are arranged in a staggered manner; The first axial groove and the second axial groove are both arranged on the outer wall of the first telescopic rod, and are respectively slidably matched with the first axial track and the second axial track; The first axial groove passes through both ends of the first telescopic rod; The second axial groove passes through the upper end of the first telescopic rod, but does not pass through the lower end of the first telescopic rod.

4. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end cover of the fixing rod and the smooth section of the manual adjustment column are axially limited by the annular groove and the annular boss that are rotationally matched.

5. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial telescopic rod also includes an annular magnet; The annular magnet is fixed on the circuit board, and the magnetism of the annular magnet is opposite to the magnetism of the second telescopic rod; A plurality of electromagnets are evenly arranged around the support rod and are all located inside the annular magnet.

6. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end cover of the main cutter disc is provided with a cutter handle connecting groove; The first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are arranged at intervals to enclose a ring-shaped cutter disc, the inner ends of the plurality of second-order cutter discs are connected by a connecting ring, and the first-order cutter disc and the second-order cutter disc are slidably connected by an axial sliding groove and an axial sliding rail; The first-stage tool rest and the first-stage cutter disc, and the second-stage tool rest and the second-stage cutter disc are all slidably connected via radial slide grooves and radial slide rails; The first-order blade is connected to the first-order tool holder through screws, and the second-order blade is connected to the second-order tool holder through screws.

7. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circumferential telescopic assembly also includes a medium control valve and a medium pipeline; The first-order medium inlet channel, the first-order medium outlet channel, the second-order medium inlet channel and the second-order medium outlet channel are all connected to the medium control valve through the medium pipeline, and the medium control valve is connected to the medium supply mechanism and the medium recovery mechanism through the medium pipeline.

8. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The medium used is gas.

9. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included are sensors, wireless transmitters, and controllers; The sensor is mounted on the second-stage cutter head and is used to measure the size of the workpiece; The wireless transmitter is installed in the main cutter head and is used to transmit the detection signal of the sensor to the controller; The controller is used to control the circuit board and the medium control valve according to the detection signal of the sensor.

10. The circumferentially and axially adjustable high-efficiency free-cutting step end mill according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sensor is one of an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an optical fiber sensor.

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