A welding method for fabricating three-dimensional structurally reinforced steel / aluminum welded joints on steel surfaces

By preparing a three-dimensional geometric structure on the steel surface and combining it with a laser-arc hybrid welding method, the problem of brittle intermetallic compound formation in steel/aluminum welding was solved, achieving a dual improvement in joint strength and toughness, and simplifying the preparation process.

CN119927429BActive Publication Date: 2026-05-26UNIV OF SCI & TECH BEIJING
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
UNIV OF SCI & TECH BEIJING
Filing Date
2025-01-17
Publication Date
2026-05-26

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During steel/aluminum welding, the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds due to differences in thermophysical properties leads to poor weld joint stability, low interfacial fracture toughness, and increased failure risk. Furthermore, existing porous interlayer preparation is cumbersome and unstable, affecting welding performance.

Method used

A three-dimensional geometric structure is prepared on the steel surface using selective laser melting technology. Combined with a laser-arc hybrid welding method, the wetting and spreading of liquid aluminum is enhanced by coating the steel surface with flux and alcohol suspension, forming a three-dimensional geometric structure with a high aspect ratio to improve the joint strength and toughness.

Benefits of technology

By introducing a three-dimensional geometric structure, uniform stress distribution is achieved, the interfacial surface area is increased, crack propagation is suppressed, the strength and toughness of steel/aluminum dissimilar metal joints are improved, the preparation process is simplified, and the welding performance is enhanced.

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Abstract

This invention discloses a welding method for fabricating a three-dimensional reinforced steel / aluminum welded joint on a steel surface, belonging to the field of dissimilar metal welding technology. This invention employs laser selective melting to fabricate a three-dimensional geometric structure on the surface of a steel substrate, forming a surface with a high aspect ratio and high specific surface area. By using brazing or fusion brazing methods, the bonding area between the liquid aluminum and the steel plate and the three-dimensional geometric structure is greatly increased, effectively suppressing crack propagation and achieving a dual enhancement of the strength and toughness of the steel / aluminum dissimilar metal joint. This method increases the specific surface area of ​​the steel / aluminum joint interface, improving sliding resistance under external loads, while the three-dimensional geometric structure itself bears some of the stress. Simultaneously, the three-dimensional geometric interface structure can alleviate joint interface stress and improve stress distribution, which is beneficial for obtaining a welded joint with good performance.
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