Communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided are a communication method and a communication device, the method comprising: an access network device receiving a first protocol data unit (PDU) set, the first PDU set comprising at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets comprising at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet; and when the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set is smaller than a corresponding first threshold value, the access network equipment sends the first PDU set, thereby ensuring that the PDU set can realize integrity transmission of the PDU set based on redundancy in different FEC redundancy adding modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the latency requirements of services such as Extended Reality (XR), the current standard proposes a Quality of Service (QoS) processing mechanism for the Protocol Data Unit Set (PDU Set), which schedules, processes, and transmits the data packets in the PDU set as a whole to ensure the user's service experience. Correspondingly, the standard also mentions a PDU set processing method with a certain degree of redundancy for a certain service flow. For example, before sending the corresponding PDU set, the current PDU set will be forward error corrected (FEC), that is, by adding additional redundant data packets to avoid damage to the service experience caused by packet loss during transmission, thereby ensuring the transmission of the PDU set under limited packet loss conditions.

[0003] However, the method of adding FEC redundancy in a PDU set may not be performed at the granularity of the PDU set. For example, the redundancy adding operation (such as XOR operation) in the PDU set is performed on a group of data packets therein. Therefore, there is no effective solution for how to ensure integrity transmission within the scope of the group of data packets. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device, which can ensure that the PDU set can achieve integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set under different FEC redundancy adding modes.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be performed by an access network device. The access network device here can refer to the access network device itself, or to a processor, module, chip, or chip system in the access network device that implements the method, and the present application does not limit this. The method includes:

[0006] An access network device receives a first protocol data unit (PDU) set, the first PDU set including at least two data packet sets, each data packet set including at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet being a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet in the same data set; when a transmission parameter (such as a packet loss rate or a number of packet losses) of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is less than a first threshold value corresponding to the data packet set, the access network device sends the first PDU set.

[0007] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the data packet set can be understood as a group of data packets after performing a redundant addition operation in the process of performing forward error correction coding (Forward Error Correction, FEC), including a redundant data packet generated based on the original data packet. Specifically, the redundant data packet can be a data packet that has undergone a redundant addition operation, or it can be a retransmitted data packet of the original data packet. Exemplarily, the data packet set can include the original data packet to be subjected to an XOR operation and the redundant data packet generated based on the XOR operation.

[0008] It should be understood that the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, which can be understood as the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet in the data packet set. In addition, the at least one first data packet can be an original data packet or a data packet processed by the application server (for example, negated), which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0009] It should be understood that the transmission parameter can be understood as the number or proportion of data packets lost in each data packet set (i.e., the number of packet losses or the packet loss rate) in the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set, or the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set in the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set. Alternatively, the transmission parameter can be understood as the number or proportion of data packets lost in each data packet set in the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set and the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set in the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set (i.e., the number of packet losses or the packet loss rate), that is, the proportion or number of data packets includes the proportion or number corresponding to the sum of the data packets lost in each data packet set in the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set and the data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set in the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set, that is, the number or proportion of missing data packets in each data packet set in the process of the access network device transmitting the first PDU set.

[0010] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific indication method of the first threshold.

[0011] Exemplarily, the first threshold may be indicated in the form of a quantity, and is used to indicate an upper limit value of data packets that are allowed to be discarded in each data packet set during the transmission process.

[0012] Exemplarily, the first threshold may be indicated in the form of redundancy, used to indicate an upper limit value of the proportion of packets allowed to be discarded for each packet set during transmission, or used to indicate a lower limit value of the proportion of packets that must be guaranteed for each packet set during transmission.

[0013] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can send the first PDU set when the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set is less than the corresponding first threshold, thereby ensuring that the PDU set can achieve integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set under different FEC redundancy addition methods.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set include a packet loss rate or a number of packet losses of the data packet set. It should be understood that the packet loss rate or the number of packet losses of the data packet set may be the number or proportion of data packets lost in the data packet set during the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set (i.e., the number of packet losses or the packet loss rate), or the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in the data packet set during the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set. Alternatively, the number or proportion of data packets lost in the data packet set during the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set and the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in the data packet set during the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set (i.e., the number of packet losses or the packet loss rate), that is, the proportion or number of the sum of the data packets lost in each data packet set during the process of the access network device receiving the first PDU set and the data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set during the process of the access network device sending the first PDU set, that is, the number or proportion of missing data packets in each data packet set during the process of the access network device transmitting the first PDU set.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device sends the first PDU set, including: the access network device ensures that the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold.

[0016] It should be understood that the access network device can ensure that the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value when the transmission parameters in each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value and greater than the corresponding second threshold value. That is, when the transmission parameters of any data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value and greater than the corresponding second threshold value, the access network device schedules sufficient network resources for the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set. Among them, the second threshold value can be 0, that is, when the access network device can ensure that the transmission parameters in each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value, it is necessary to ensure the complete transmission of the PDU set, and the transmission parameters in each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value.

[0017] In this implementation, the access network device allocates sufficient resources for the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set, ensuring that the data packet set to which the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set belong can be less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold in the subsequent transmission process, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set.

[0018] Exemplarily, the RAN allocates a first time-frequency resource to the data packets to be transmitted of the first PDU set, and the first time-frequency resource is used to ensure that the data packet set to which the data packets to be transmitted of the first PDU set belong can be less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value in the subsequent transmission process, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set. It is easy to understand that the number of data packets that can be carried by the first time-frequency resource is greater than or equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set. That is, the RAN ensures that the corresponding transmission parameters of each data packet set of the first PDU set can be less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value in the subsequent transmission process, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set.

[0019] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific indication method of the second threshold value. The specific method can refer to the indication method of the first threshold value, which will not be repeated here.

[0020] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of the second threshold. Exemplarily, the second threshold is 0, that is, when the access network device finds that packet loss occurs during the transmission of any data packet set in the first PDU set, the first time-frequency resource is allocated to the first PDU set, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set. The number of data packets that can be carried by the first time-frequency resource is greater than or equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

[0021] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can allocate sufficient resources to the first PDU set to ensure that the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold, thereby ensuring that the PDU set can achieve integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set under different FEC redundancy addition methods.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the method also includes: when a packet loss number transmission parameter of at least one of the at least one data packet sets in the first PDU set is greater than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the access network device discarding the first PDU set includes: the access network device discarding data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

[0024] It should be understood that the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set may be one or more, and this application does not limit this.

[0025] It is easy to understand that when the access network device determines that the transmission parameter of any one of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is greater than the corresponding first threshold value during the process of receiving the first PDU set, the access network device can discard the data packets in the first PDU set that have been received. When the access network device determines that the transmission parameter of any one of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is greater than the corresponding first threshold value during the process of sending the first PDU set, the access network device discards the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

[0026] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can discard the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set when a data packet set with at least one transmission parameter greater than the first threshold appears in the first PDU set, thereby saving transmission resources when the integrity transmission of the PDU set cannot be achieved.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set is the same, or the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set may be different.

[0028] As an example but not limitation, the first PDU set includes three data packet sets, wherein the first thresholds corresponding to data packet set #1 and data packet set #2 are both 10%, and the first threshold corresponding to data packet set #3 is 15%.

[0029] Based on the above solution, the first thresholds corresponding to at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set may be different, thereby improving the flexibility of integrity transmission in the first PDU set.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the access network device receives the first PDU set, the method also includes: the access network device receives first indication information, and the first indication information is used to instruct the access network device to transmit the first PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0031] It should be understood that the RAN sends the first PDU set according to the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold value, which can be understood as sending the first PDU set when the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value; or discarding the first PDU set when the transmission parameters of any data packet set in the first PDU set are greater than the corresponding first threshold value. Alternatively, when transmitting each data packet set in the first PDU set, it is ensured that the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value.

[0032] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set is included in the first indication information.

[0033] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the access network device sends the first PDU set, the method also includes: the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set.

[0034] Specifically, before the access network device sends the first PDU set, or before the access network device discards the first PDU set, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0035] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set, including: the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set based on a first quantity and a sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set, the first quantity being the number of data packets in the data packet set within the first PDU set.

[0036] As an example but not limitation, the sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set may be a PDU sequence number (SN).

[0037] It should be understood that the first number is the number of data packets in each data packet set except the last data packet set in the first PDU set, that is, the number in each data packet set except the last data packet set in the first PDU set is fixed.

[0038] As an example but not limitation, PDU set 1 includes 18 data packets and the first number is 5, that is, each data packet set includes 5 data packets, then the data packets with sequence numbers 1-5 are data packet set #1, the data packets with sequence numbers 6-10 are data packet set #2, the data packets with sequence numbers 11-15 are data packet set #3, and the data packets with sequence numbers 16-18 are data packet set #4.

[0039] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can determine the at least two data packet sets according to the number of data packets in at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and then combine the transmission parameters of each data packet set and the corresponding first threshold to achieve integrity transmission of the first PDU set.

[0040] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set, including: the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set based on a second quantity and a sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set, the second quantity being the number of data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0041] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can determine the at least two data packet sets according to the number of at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and then combine the transmission parameters of each data packet set and the corresponding first threshold to achieve integrity transmission of the first PDU set.

[0042] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the first quantity and the sequence number of at least one data packet in the first PDU set, the method also includes: the access network device receives second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the first quantity, wherein the second indication information comes from a session management network element, or the second indication information comes from a user plane function network element.

[0043] It should be understood that the second indication information can also be used to indicate the aforementioned second quantity or first quantity.

[0044] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set in response to the second indication information based on the first quantity or the second quantity and the sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set.

[0045] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set, including: the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set based on first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, and the sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set, wherein the first information includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

[0046] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the number of data packets carrying the first information in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0047] Exemplarily, the first or last data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set carries the first information.

[0048] Exemplarily, each data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set carries the first information.

[0049] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the network element that adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set. As an example but not a limitation, the first information is added by a user plane network element or the first information is added by an application server.

[0050] It should be understood that when the first and / or last data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set carries the first information, the access network device also needs to determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set in combination with the sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set.

[0051] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, and then combine the transmission parameters of each data packet set and the corresponding first threshold to achieve integrity transmission of the first PDU set.

[0052] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first information also includes a first threshold corresponding to a data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

[0053] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first information is carried in the user plane General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane, GTP-U) layer, or the Real-time Transport Protocol (Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP) layer of at least one data packet of the first PDU set.

[0054] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, including: the access network device receives third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant addition method for at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set; the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and / or a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set, based on the third indication information and the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0055] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can respond to the indication of the third indication information and determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set. It should be understood that the third indication information instructs the access network device to determine / acquire the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, or the access network device determines the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the third indication information, thereby further determining at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0056] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set, including: the access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set based on second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set, and the second information is used to determine the at least one first data packet and the at least one second data packet in each of the data packet sets.

[0057] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific location of the second information. As an example, the second information is included in the RTP layer of each data packet, specifically in the RTP data packet header or the RTP extension header. In another example, the second information is included in the GTP-U layer of each data packet.

[0058] Based on the above scheme, the access network device can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set, and then combine the transmission parameters of each data packet set and the corresponding first threshold to achieve integrity transmission of the first PDU set.

[0059] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the second information is also used to determine the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set, and the method also includes: the access network device determines the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set based on the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set.

[0060] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set, including: the access network device receives third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant addition method for at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set; the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and / or the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set, based on the third indication information and the second information carried by each data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0061] Based on the above solution, the access network device can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set in response to the indication of the third indication information. It should be understood that the third indication information instructs the access network device to determine / acquire the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set, or the access network device determines the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set according to the third indication information, thereby further determining at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0062] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be performed by a user plane network element. The user plane network element here can refer to the user plane network element itself, or to a processor, module, chip, or chip system that implements the method in the user plane network element, and this application does not limit this. The method includes:

[0063] The user plane network element receives a first PDU set; the user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; the user plane device sends the first PDU set.

[0064] Based on the above scheme, after receiving the first PDU set, the user plane network element can add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, thereby assisting the access network device receiving the first PDU set to determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and further assisting the access network device to ensure that the PDU set can achieve integrity transmission based on redundant PDU sets under different FEC redundancy addition methods. That is, the first information is used to determine at least two data packet sets in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0065] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, before the user plane network element receives the first PDU set, the method further includes: the user plane network element receives third indication information and / or fourth indication information, the third indication information is used to indicate the redundant adding mode of the at least one first data packet set, and the fourth indication information is used to indicate the user plane network element to add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set; the user plane network element adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information. That is, the user plane network element can add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set according to the third indication information; or the user plane network element can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the third indication information, and add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set, or the user plane network element can add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the fourth indication information; or the user plane network element determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the fourth indication information, and adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set. Additionally, the user plane network element determines the first information according to the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information. For a specific description of the first information, reference may be made to the relevant content of the first aspect, which will not be described in detail here.

[0066] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, before the user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, the method also includes: the user plane device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on second information carried by the data packets in the first PDU set, and the second information is used to determine the at least one first data packet and the at least one second data packet in each of the data packet sets.

[0067] It should be understood that the specific description of the second information can refer to the relevant content of the first aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0068] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the second information is carried in the real-time communication protocol RTP layer or other layer of at least one data packet in each data set in the first PDU set, which is not limited here.

[0069] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: the user-side network element determines a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set based on second information indicated in the data packet set in the first PDU set as carried by a data packet, and the first threshold is an upper limit of data packets allowed to be discarded by the corresponding data packet set or the proportion of data packets allowed to be discarded.

[0070] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the user plane network element sends the first PDU set, including: when the packet loss rate of each of the data packet sets is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold, the user plane network element sends the first PDU set; when the packet loss rate of at least one data packet set is greater than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

[0071] It should be understood that for the specific description of the transmission parameters, reference can be made to the relevant content of the first aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0072] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first information in at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set includes a first identifier and / or a first threshold corresponding to the data packet set to which the data packet belongs, wherein the first identifier is used to indicate the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

[0073] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the user plane network element adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, including: the user plane network element adds the first information to each data packet in the first PDU set.

[0074] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first information is carried on the RTP layer of at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, or on the user plane General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP-U layer.

[0075] On the third aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by an application function. The application function here can refer to the application function itself, or it can refer to the processor, module, chip, or chip system that implements the method in the application function. This application does not limit this.

[0076] The method includes:

[0077] The application function sends first indication information, where the first indication information is used to instruct the access network device to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0078] In combination with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first indication information includes the first threshold.

[0079] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the method also includes: the application function sends a second indication information, the second indication information includes a first quantity, and the first quantity is the number of data packets in each data packet set in the PDU set.

[0080] In combination with the third aspect, in certain implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes: the application function sends third indication information, and the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant addition method for at least two data packet sets in the PDU set.

[0081] In a fourth aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a policy control function, where the policy control function can refer to the policy control function itself, or to a processor, module, chip, or chip system that implements the method in the policy control function, and the present application does not limit this. The method includes:

[0082] The policy control function receives fifth indication information, the fifth indication information including a redundancy adding mode of at least two data packet sets in each PDU set of the first service;

[0083] The policy control function generates sixth indication information according to the fifth indication information, where the sixth indication information is used to indicate that the PDU set of the first service is transmitted based on the transmission parameter of each data packet set in each PDU set of the first service and the corresponding first threshold;

[0084] The policy control function sends the fifth indication information.

[0085] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the fifth indication information also includes a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in each PDU set of the first service.

[0086] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the fifth indication information also includes a first quantity, where the first quantity is the number of data packets in at least two data packet sets in each PDU set of the first service.

[0087] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the fifth indication information also includes a third number, which is an upper limit value of the number of packets allowed to be discarded for each packet in at least two packet sets in each PDU set of the first service.

[0088] In combination with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, the policy control function sends the fifth indication information, including: the policy control function sends the fifth indication information to a session management network element.

[0089] In a fifth aspect, a communication method is provided, the method comprising: a user plane network element receives a first PDU set from an application server; the user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set comprises at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets comprises at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; the user plane network element sends the first PDU set to the access network device; the access network device receives the first PDU set.

[0090] In combination with the fifth aspect, in certain implementations of the fifth aspect, the method also includes: when the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device sends the first PDU set; or, when the transmission parameters of at least one data packet set in the first PDU set are greater than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

[0091] In combination with the fifth aspect, in certain implementations of the fifth aspect, the method also includes: the session management network element sends first indication information to the access network device, the first indication information being used to instruct the access network device to transmit the first PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold; the access network device receives the first indication information.

[0092] In combination with the fifth aspect, in certain implementations of the fifth aspect, before the user plane network element receives the first PDU set from the application server, the method also includes: the session management network element sends third indication information, and / or fourth indication information to the user plane network element, the third indication information being used to indicate a redundant addition method for the at least one first data packet set, and the fourth indication information being used to instruct the user plane network element to add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set; the user plane network element receives the third indication information, and / or the fourth indication information.

[0093] In combination with the fifth aspect, in certain implementations of the fifth aspect, the method also includes: the user-plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set based on the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0094] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit, the transceiver unit being used to receive a first PDU set, the first PDU set including at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets including at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet being a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet; the processing unit being used to, when the transmission parameters of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set are less than the corresponding first threshold value, the access network device sending the first PDU set.

[0095] It should be understood that the sixth aspect is an implementation method on the device side corresponding to the first aspect, and the supplement, explanation and beneficial effects of the first aspect are also applicable to the sixth aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In the seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit, the transceiver unit is used to receive a first PDU set; the processing unit is used to add first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; the transceiver unit is also used to send the first PDU set.

[0097] It should be understood that the seventh aspect is an implementation method on the device side corresponding to the second aspect, and the supplement, explanation and beneficial effects of the second aspect are also applicable to the fifth aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0098] In an eighth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a transceiver unit, wherein the transceiver unit is used to send a first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used to instruct the access network device to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0099] It should be understood that the eighth aspect is an implementation method on the device side corresponding to the third aspect, and the supplement, explanation and beneficial effects of the third aspect are also applicable to the sixth aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0100] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, the communication device comprising a processor, configured to implement the method described in any one of the first to fifth aspects or the first to fifth aspects. The processor is coupled to a memory, the memory is configured to store instructions and data, and when the processor executes the instructions stored in the memory, the method described in any one of the first to fifth aspects or the first to fifth aspects can be implemented.

[0101] Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory. Optionally, the memory may be coupled to the processor. Optionally, the communication device may further include a communication interface, which is used for the device to communicate with other devices. Exemplarily, the communication interface may be a transceiver, a hardware circuit, a bus, a module, a pin or other types of communication interfaces.

[0102] In one example, the communication device may be an access network device, or may be a device, module or chip disposed in the access network device, or may be a device that can be used in conjunction with the access network device.

[0103] In another example, the communication device may be a user plane network element, or may be a device, module or chip disposed in the user plane network element, or may be a device that can be used in conjunction with the user plane network element.

[0104] In another example, the communication device may be an application function, or may be a device, module, chip, etc. provided in the application function, or may be a device that can be used in conjunction with the application function.

[0105] In the tenth aspect, the present application provides a communication system, including: an access network device, used to execute the method described in the first aspect or any implementation of the first aspect; a user-plane network element, used to execute the method described in the second aspect or any implementation of the second aspect; an application function, used to execute the method described in the third aspect or any implementation of the third aspect; a policy control function, used to execute the method described in the fourth aspect or any implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0106] In the eleventh aspect, the present application provides a communication system, including the access network device as described in the sixth aspect or any implementation of the sixth aspect, the user plane network element as described in the seventh aspect or any implementation of the seventh aspect, and the application function as described in the eighth aspect or any implementation of the eighth aspect.

[0107] In the twelfth aspect, the present application also provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in any one of the implementations of the first to fifth aspects or the first to fifth aspects.

[0108] In the thirteenth aspect, the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to execute the method described in any one of the implementations of the first to fifth aspects above or the first to fifth aspects.

[0109] In the fourteenth aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program or instructions are stored. When the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes the method described in any one of the implementations of the first to fifth aspects above, or the first to fifth aspects.

[0110] In the fifteenth aspect, the present application also provides a chip, which is used to read a computer program stored in a memory and execute the method described in the above-mentioned first to fifth aspects, or any implementation of the first to fifth aspects; or, the chip includes a chip for executing the method described in the above-mentioned first to fifth aspects, or any implementation of the first to fifth aspects.

[0111] In a sixteenth aspect, the present application further provides a chip system, which includes a processor for supporting a device to implement the method described in any of the first to fifth aspects or the first to fifth aspects. In a possible design, the chip system also includes a memory, which is used to store programs and data necessary for the device. The chip system can be composed of a chip, or it can include a chip and other discrete devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0112] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a network architecture;

[0113] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of XOR processing;

[0114] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0115] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the RTP layer header of a data packet;

[0116] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 500 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0117] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 600 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0118] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 700 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0119] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0120] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 2000 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0121] Fig.10 It is a structural diagram of a chip system 3000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0122] The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0123] To facilitate understanding, a communication system to which the embodiments of the present application may be applied is first described.

[0124] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems. For example: long term evolution (LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD), public land mobile network (PLMN), fifth generation (5G) system, sixth generation (6G) system or future communication system. The 5G system in the present application includes a non-standalone (NSA) 5G mobile communication system or a standalone (SA) 5G mobile communication system. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to non-terrestrial communication network (NTN) communication systems such as satellite communication systems. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to device to device (D2D) communication systems, sidelink (SL) communication systems, machine to machine (M2M) communication systems, machine type communication (MTC) systems, Internet of things (IoT) communication systems, vehicle to everything (V2X) communication systems, uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems or other communication systems.

[0125] As an example, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a network architecture is shown.

[0126] like Figure 1As shown, the network architecture takes the 5G system (5GS) as an example. The network architecture may include three parts, namely, the user equipment (UE) part, the data network (DN) part and the operator network part. Among them, the operator network may include one or more of the following network elements: (radio) access network (R)AN) equipment, user plane function (UPF) network element, authentication server function (AUSF) network element, access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, session management function (SMF) network element, service communication proxy (SCP) network element, network data analysis function (NWDAF) network element, network exposure function (NEF) network element, network repository function (NRF) network element, policy control function (PCF) network element, unified data management (UDM) network element and application function (AF) network element. In the above operator network, the part other than the RAN part can be called the core network part.

[0127] In this application, user equipment, (wireless) access network equipment, UPF network element, AUSF network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, SCP network element, NWDAF network element, NEF network element, NRF network element, PCF network element, UDM network element, and AF network element are respectively referred to as UE, (R)AN, UPF, AUSF, UDR, AMF, SMF, SCP, NWDAF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM, and AF.

[0128] Below Figure 1 A brief description of the network elements involved is given below.

[0129] 1.UE

[0130] The UE in this application may also be referred to as a terminal, user, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal equipment, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, etc. For the convenience of description, it is collectively referred to as a terminal below.

[0131] A terminal is a device that can access the network. The terminal and (R)AN can communicate with each other using some air interface technology (such as NR or LTE technology). Terminals can also communicate with each other using some air interface technology (such as NR or LTE technology). The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a terminal in satellite communication, a terminal in the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) system, a terminal in the WiFi communication system, a terminal in industrial control, a terminal in self driving, a terminal in remote medical, a terminal in smart grid, a terminal in transportation safety, a terminal in smart city, a terminal in smart home, etc.

[0132] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the UE.

[0133] 2. (R)AN

[0134] The (R)AN in the present application may be a device used to communicate with a terminal, or may be a device for connecting a terminal to a wireless network.

[0135] (R)AN can be a node in a radio access network. (R)AN can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a home base station (e.g., home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), a Wi-Fi access point (AP), a mobile switching center, a next generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, an access network device in an open radio access network (O-RAN or open RAN), a next generation base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a base station in a future mobile communication system. A network device can also be a module or unit that performs some functions of a base station, for example, a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a baseband unit (BBU). (R)AN can also be a device that performs base station functions in D2D communication systems, V2X communication systems, M2M communication systems, and IoT communication systems. (R)AN can also be a network device in NTN, that is, (R)AN can be deployed on a high-altitude platform or satellite. (R)AN can be a macro base station, a micro base station, an indoor station, a relay node, or a donor node.

[0136] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology, device form and name adopted by (R)AN. For the convenience of description, (R)AN is collectively referred to as access network equipment below.

[0137] 3. UPF

[0138] The main functions of UPF are packet routing and forwarding, mobility anchor point, uplink classifier to support routing service flows to data networks, branch point to support multi-homed PDU sessions, etc.

[0139] 4. DN

[0140] DN is mainly used for operator networks that provide data services to terminals, such as the Internet, third-party service networks, or IP multimedia service (IMS) networks.

[0141] 5. AUSF

[0142] The main function of AUSF is to provide authentication services and support access authentication of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and non-3GPP.

[0143] 6. AMF

[0144] The main functions of AMF include managing user registration, reachability detection, SMF node selection, and mobile state transition management.

[0145] 7. SMF

[0146] The main functions of SMF are to control the establishment, modification and deletion of sessions, the selection of user plane nodes, etc.

[0147] 8. SCP

[0148] SCP is mainly responsible for the indirect communication between network elements and corresponding network element services.

[0149] 9. NWDAF

[0150] The main function of NWDAF is to provide network data collection and analysis capabilities based on technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence.

[0151] 10. NEF

[0152] NEF is mainly used to securely open the services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions and support secure interaction between 3GPP networks and third-party applications.

[0153] 11. NRF

[0154] NRF is mainly used to store network function entities and description information of the services they provide.

[0155] 12. PCF

[0156] PCF is mainly responsible for policy control decisions, policy rules for providing control plane functions, and traffic-based charging control functions.

[0157] 13. UDM

[0158] UDM is mainly responsible for the contract data management of the terminal, including the storage and management of the terminal identification, the access authorization of the terminal, etc.

[0159] 14. AF

[0160] AF mainly supports interaction with the 3GPP core network to provide services, such as influencing data routing decisions, policy control functions, or providing third-party services to the network. AF can be the AF deployed by the operator's network itself or a third-party AF.

[0161] exist Figure 1 In the network architecture shown, each network element can communicate with each other through an interface. The interface between each network element can be a point-to-point interface or a service-oriented interface, which is not limited in this application.

[0162] It should be understood that the network architecture shown above is only an exemplary description, and the network architecture applicable to the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto. Any network architecture that can realize the functions of the above-mentioned network elements is applicable to the embodiments of the present application.

[0163] It should also be understood that Figure 1 The functions or network elements such as AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, AUSF, SCP, NWDAF, NEF, NRF, AF, etc. shown in the specification can be understood as network elements used to implement different functions, for example, they can be combined into network slices as needed. These network elements can be independent devices, or they can be integrated into the same device to implement different functions, or they can be network elements in hardware devices, or they can be software functions running on dedicated hardware, or they can be virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform). This application does not limit the specific form of the above network elements.

[0164] It should also be understood that the above naming is only defined for the convenience of distinguishing different functions and should not constitute any limitation to this application. This application does not exclude the possibility of using other naming in 6G networks and other future networks. For example, in a 6G network, some or all of the above network elements may use the terminology in 5G, or may use other names, etc.

[0165] To facilitate understanding of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application, relevant concepts are explained.

[0166] 1. Quality of Service flow (QoS flow)

[0167] In 5GS, when UE has business communication needs, a protocol data unit set (PDU) session is established, and the corresponding QoS flow is used to carry the business flow in the PDU session. Specifically, the UE obtains the Internet Protocol (IP) address through the PDU session establishment to interact with the external business server to achieve business communication, and 5GS maps the corresponding business to different QoS flows based on the business flow description information, such as SDF template, and performs corresponding QoS processing.

[0168] 2. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Tunneling Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U)

[0169] During the PDU session establishment process, the connection between RAN and UPF will use the GTP-U tunnel, that is, the data from / to the UE side is added to the tunnel for transmission. The GTP-U tunnel is PDU session granularity, that is, each PDU session will establish a GTP-U tunnel between RAN and UPF.

[0170] 3. QoS processing based on the granularity of PDU set

[0171] The existing Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism guarantees services at the packet level, for example, by using the packet error rate (PER) and packet delay budget (PDB) in the QoS parameters. The data packets of a service will be mapped to the same QoS flow for transmission, and the data packets corresponding to the same QoS flow will be processed and transmitted one by one according to the corresponding QoS parameters. In other words, all data packets in the same QoS flow will be processed equally and without distinction during transmission.

[0172] Among them, PDB is used to identify the maximum delay of transmitting data packets in the wireless communication network, that is, the wireless communication network needs to transmit the data packet to the terminal within the PDB time. The PDB may include the core network data packet delay budget (core networkPDB, CN-PDB) (i.e., the transmission delay budget between UPF and access network equipment) and the access network data packet delay budget (access network PDB, AN-PDB) (i.e., the transmission delay budget between access network equipment and terminal). It should be noted that the PDB mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a complete PDB, or an AN-PDB or CN-PDB, which is not limited here. If the transmission time of a data packet exceeds its corresponding PDB, the data packet may be discarded, and the specific operation depends on the implementation.

[0173] In the research of extended reality and media service (XRM), real-time media services, such as the currently emerging virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) or cloud gaming, have extremely stringent requirements for end-to-end latency, and the granularity of data processing during encoding and transmission is no longer data packets. For example, when the upper service layer (such as the media layer) at the sending end encodes the service data, it is often encoded at the granularity of media frames or slices, that is, media frames or slices can be encoded independently; at the same time, the receiving end of the service will also decode and display the received service data at the same granularity of media frames or slices, and data units such as media frames or slices often contain multiple data packets.

[0174] In order to represent the above-mentioned data units such as media frames or fragments, the standard calls it a PDU set (PDU set), so as to support the data transmission of granularity such as media frames or fragments in the upper business layer. PDU set is the basic data unit that the upper business layer (i.e., the application layer) can process independently. PDU set can also be called PDU set, PDU set, etc. For the convenience of description, it is collectively referred to as PDU set below. For a PDU set, when one or some data packets in the PDU set are lost or damaged, the entire PDU set may be difficult to decode and display correctly.

[0175] Therefore, the current standard proposes a QoS processing mechanism at the PDU set granularity, that is, it will give the loss rate and latency requirements at the PDU set granularity. 5GS identifies the relationship between different data packets and PDU sets, and schedules, processes and transmits all data packets in the PDU set as a whole to ensure the user's service experience. Accordingly, the standard also mentions a PDU set processing method with a certain degree of redundancy for a certain service flow, that is, to ensure the transmission of the PDU set under limited packet loss conditions. Among them, in order to determine which PDU data packets in the QoS flow belong to the same PDU set, 5GC will add PDU set information to the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet to help the RAN side identify the PDU set. Specifically, the PDU set information can include the PDU set sequence number, the indication information of the last PDU data packet in the PDU set, the size of the PDU set, the importance of the PDU set, and the sequence number of each PDU data packet in the PDU set.

[0176] It should be understood that when a data packet fails to be transmitted, it can be considered that the delay required for the transmission of the data packet exceeds the data packet delay budget of the data packet when the data packet is transmitted between the RAN and the UE. In this case, the data packet is also considered to have failed. Specifically, the RLC layer has not been able to send the data packet to the MAC layer for transmission in time. At this time, when the data packet is still in the RLC cache after the PDB time, it is considered that the data packet has exceeded the PDB and has not been scheduled for transmission, and the data packet is considered to be lost; or there is a feedback mechanism between the RAN and the UE, that is, the RAN can determine whether the data packet is successful based on the feedback from the UE. Specifically, it can be understood that when the data packet is sent to the MAC layer for transmission, the MAC layer will determine whether the data will eventually be sent successfully based on the feedback from the HARQ. The MAC layer needs to save the mapping relationship between the data packet and the MAC layer transmission data block (the MAC layer may split and reassemble the upper layer data packet during transmission to ensure that it is suitable for channel transmission), and provide feedback to the upper layer RLC or PDCP to ensure that the upper layer of the RAN can perceive the packet loss of per data packet when scheduling transmission. Specifically, it will ultimately depend on the implementation of the base station product.

[0177] 4. Forward Error Correction (FEC) Redundancy Addition Scheme

[0178] In order to improve the reliability of transmission, the sender of the service layer / application layer will perform FEC on the current PDU set before sending the corresponding PDU set, that is, by adding additional redundant data packets to avoid the loss of service experience caused by packet loss during transmission. Among them, the redundancy addition method of FEC depends on the application layer FEC algorithm, for example:

[0179] Redundant packets: The transmission reliability is provided by transmitting part of the data packets. Although the reliability is high, the efficiency is extremely low, which will greatly increase the transmission pressure.

[0180] Unequal importance protection: Different protection levels are distinguished according to the importance of data. Redundant data packets can be generated based on XOR operations. When a data packet is lost, it can be restored based on the redundant data packet and other data packets. However, if multiple data packets are lost in the data packet performing the redundant addition operation, it will be impossible to restore.

[0181] Flexible FEC: It can dynamically protect source data based on row / column XOR processing to generate redundant data packets for corresponding rows and columns. Similarly, after the redundancy addition operation, if multiple data packets are lost in the data packets that perform the redundancy addition operation, it may be impossible to recover.

[0182] Fountain code (Raptor / RaptorQ): Rely on the fountain code Raptor algorithm to generate redundant data packets. Its characteristic is that any discarded percentage of data packets can be restored;

[0183] Reed-Solomon FEC: Relies on the Reed-Solomon algorithm to generate repair packets, and can also achieve recovery even if a certain percentage of packets are discarded.

[0184] Generally speaking, the basic unit for performing FEC operation is a source block or symbol, which can be multiple data packets. FEC redundancy addition processing is performed within a basic unit, such as Figure 2 As shown, A and B can be a basic unit, where A and B are subjected to redundant addition processing (such as XOR operation) to obtain redundant data C. Then, when A or B is discarded, the discarded data packet can be restored through C; however, if both A and B data packets are lost, A and B cannot be restored by relying on C.

[0185] Currently, for the QoS of PDU set granularity with a certain redundancy in the service flow, one way is to provide transmission guarantee of the same redundancy in the current service flow, and the third-party AF sends the redundancy ratio of the corresponding service flow to the network side through interaction with the core network. Subsequently, for the integrity transmission of this PDU set using FEC, the core network and the network side are required to ensure that a certain number of PDU data packets in the PDU set can be transmitted correctly according to the redundancy ratio when transmitting the PDU set, that is, a certain number of PDU data packets can be allowed to fail in transmission.

[0186] In another way, during data transmission, the core network can determine the redundancy ratio of each PDU set based on the redundant information carried in the downlink data, and notify the RAN side of the corresponding redundancy ratio at the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet, ensuring that the RAN side can provide transmission guarantee based on the redundancy ratio of the PDU set, that is, ensuring that a certain number of PDU data packets in the PDU set can be transmitted correctly.

[0187] However, depending on different FEC implementation algorithms, the method of adding FEC redundancy within a PDU set may not be performed at the granularity of the PDU set. For example, if the redundancy addition operation within the PDU set is performed on one or more data packets therein, a certain proportion of random packet loss can only be performed within the range of a group of data packets.

[0188] As an example but not limitation, the PDU set includes 40 data packets, and 10 data packets are used as a group to perform an XOR operation to generate 2 redundant data packets. During the transmission process, it is only necessary to ensure that a certain proportion of the 12 data packets in each group (i.e., 10 original data packets and 2 redundant data packets) are successfully transmitted.

[0189] Therefore, how to identify the association between the redundant packets in the PDU set and their corresponding original data packets so as to determine a smaller redundant processing unit and perform corresponding processing is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0190] In view of this, the present application provides a communication method and a communication device, which determine a group processing mechanism in a PDU Set that can discard random data packets for an FEC implementation algorithm in an XR service, thereby achieving integrity transmission of the PDU Set.

[0191] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following points are explained before introducing the embodiments of the present application.

[0192] In the present application, "used to indicate" or "indicate" may include being used for direct indication and being used for indirect indication, or "used to indicate" or "indicate" may indicate explicitly and / or implicitly. For example, when describing that a certain information is used to indicate information I, it may include that the information directly indicates I or indirectly indicates I, but it does not mean that the information must carry I. For another example, implicit indication may be based on the location and / or resources used for transmission; explicit indication may be based on one or more parameters, and / or one or more indexes, and / or one or more bit patterns represented by it.

[0193] The definitions of many characteristics listed in this application are only used to explain the functions of the characteristics by way of example, and the details thereof can be referred to the prior art.

[0194] In the embodiments shown below, the first, second, third, fourth and various numbers are only used for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, to distinguish different fields, different information, etc.

[0195] "Pre-definition" can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device, and this application does not limit its specific implementation method. Among them, "saving" can mean saving in one or more memories. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this application does not limit this.

[0196] The “protocol” involved in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communications, such as a long term evolution (LTE) protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, and related protocols used in future communication systems, which is not limited in the present application.

[0197] The present application will present various aspects, embodiments or features around a system including multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that each system may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the figures. In addition, combinations of these schemes may also be used.

[0198] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary", "for example", "exemplarily", "as (another) example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word example is intended to present concepts in a concrete way.

[0199] The terms "include", "comprising", "having" and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to", unless specifically emphasized otherwise.

[0200] "At least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b and c can mean: a, or b, or c, or a and b, or a and c, or b and c, or a, b and c. Where a, b and c can be single or plural, respectively.

[0201] In the embodiments of the present application, the description involving network element A sending a message, information or data to network element B, and network element B receiving a message, information or data from network element A is intended to illustrate to which network element the message, information or data is to be sent, but does not limit whether they are sent directly or indirectly via other network elements.

[0202] In the embodiments of the present application, descriptions such as "when...", "in the case of...", "if" and "if" all mean that the device will make corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances. It does not limit the time, nor does it require the device to have a judgment action when implementing it, nor does it mean that there are other limitations.

[0203] Figure 3 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, the method 300 includes the following steps:

[0204] S310, the application server sends a first PDU set to the UPF, and correspondingly, the UPF receives the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each data packet set includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, and the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet.

[0205] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the data packet set can be understood as a group of data packets after performing a redundancy adding operation in the FEC process. The group of data packet sets includes redundant data packets. Specifically, the redundant data packet can be a data packet that has undergone a redundancy adding operation, or a retransmitted data packet of the original data packet. Exemplarily, the data packet set can include the original data packet that has undergone an XOR operation and the redundant data packet generated based on the XOR operation.

[0206] It should be understood that the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and it can also be understood that the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet in the data packet set. The redundant data packet can be a data packet that has been added with redundancy, or a retransmitted data packet of the original data packet. Furthermore, the at least one first data packet can be an original data packet, or a data packet that has been processed by the application server (e.g., negated), and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0207] S320, UPF sends the first PDU set to RAN, and correspondingly, RAN receives the first PDU set.

[0208] Specifically, before the UPF sends the first PDU set to the RAN, the UPF determines that the downlink data packets are the same PDU set and adds PDU set information at the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packets. The PDU set information includes at least one of the following: a PDU set sequence number, an indication of the last PDU data packet in the PDU set, a PDU set importance, an order of PDUs in the PDU set, and / or a size of the PDU set.

[0209] Optionally, before step S320, the method 300 further includes the following steps:

[0210] S315, UPF adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, where the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

[0211] Among them, the first information added to the data packet includes at least one of a first identifier or a first threshold, and the first identifier is an identifier of the data packet set to which the data packet belongs. That is, the first identifier is used to identify the data packet set described in the data packet or for the access network device to determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the first identifier. The first threshold is a redundancy threshold that the data packet set to which the data packet belongs needs to meet during the transmission process, that is, the packet loss rate or number of packet losses of the data packet set described in the data packet during the transmission process needs to be lower than or equal to the redundancy threshold.

[0212] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific indication method of the first threshold.

[0213] Exemplarily, the first threshold may be indicated in the form of a quantity, and is used to indicate an upper limit value of data packets that are allowed to be discarded in each data packet set during the transmission process.

[0214] It should be understood that the discarded data packets may be data packets lost when receiving the first PDU set, or data packets that fail to be sent when sending the first PDU set, or data packets that include both data packets lost when receiving and data packets that fail to be sent when sending.

[0215] Exemplarily, the first threshold can be indicated in the form of redundancy, used to indicate the upper limit value of the proportion of data packets allowed to be discarded for each data packet set during the transmission process, or the lower limit value of the proportion of data packets that must be guaranteed to be transmitted for each data packet set during the transmission process, or the lower limit value of the proportion of data packets that must be guaranteed to be successfully transmitted for each data packet set during the transmission process, which is not limited here.

[0216] It should be understood that the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set may be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Among them, the first threshold may be sent to the UPF by any one of the AF, SMF, and PCF, or may be locally configured by the UPF, or may be determined by the UPF based on relevant information in the data packets in the first PDU set. The specific method will be described in detail later and will not be repeated here.

[0217] As an example but not limitation, the first PDU set includes three data packet sets, wherein the first thresholds corresponding to data packet set #1 and data packet set #2 are both 10%, and the first threshold corresponding to data packet set #3 is 15%.

[0218] Exemplarily, the first identifier may be Set#1, Set#2, Set#3, ..., or may be a data packet set start indication and / or a data packet set end indication, which is not limited here.

[0219] It is easy to understand that before adding the first information, the UPF needs to determine the first threshold corresponding to at least two data packet sets and / or each data packet set in the first PDU set.

[0220] First, the specific method for the UPF to determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set is described.

[0221] In one possible implementation, how the UPF determines at least two data packet sets within the PDU set depends on the UPF implementation.

[0222] In a possible implementation, the UPF determines the at least two data packet sets according to the first quantity or the second quantity and the data packet sequence number (e.g., PDU SN number) in the received downlink data packet. The first quantity is the number of data packets in the data packet set. Generally speaking, in the same PDU set, except for the last data packet set, the number of data packets in other data packet sets in the PDU set is the same. The second quantity is the number of data packet sets included in the first PDU set.

[0223] As an example but not limitation, PDU set 1 includes 20 data packets and the first number is 5, that is, each data packet set includes 5 data packets, then the data packets with sequence numbers 1-5 are data packet set #1, the data packets with sequence numbers 6-10 are data packet set #2, the data packets with sequence numbers 11-15 are data packet set #3, and the data packets with sequence numbers 16-20 are data packet set #4.

[0224] As an example but not limitation, PDU set 1 includes 18 data packets and the first number is 5, that is, each data packet set includes 5 data packets, then the data packets with sequence numbers 1-5 are data packet set #1, the data packets with sequence numbers 6-10 are data packet set #2, the data packets with sequence numbers 11-15 are data packet set #3, and the data packets with sequence numbers 16-18 are data packet set #4.

[0225] As an example but not limitation, PDU set 2 includes 20 data packets and the second number is 4, that is, PDU set 2 includes 4 data packet sets, then the data packets with sequence numbers 1-5 are data packet set #1, the data packets with sequence numbers 6-10 are data packet set #2, the data packets with sequence numbers 11-15 are data packet set #3, and the data packets with sequence numbers 16-20 are data packet set #4.

[0226] It should be understood that the above-mentioned UPF determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set after the UPF determines the PDU sequence number in the PDU set. Exemplarily, the UPF determines the PDU data packet set sequence number in the PDU set based on the sequence number of the RTP data packet header; or the UPF determines the sequence number of the PDU data packet in the PDU set based on the sequence number of the PDU data packet in the RTP data packet extension header as the PDU data packet sequence number in the PDU set.

[0227] It should be understood that the first number or the second number may be locally configured by the UPF, or the first number or the second number may be sent to the UPF by the SMF, PCF or AF, or pre-configured by the SMF or PCF. As an example and not a limitation, in step S310, the UPF receives second indication information from the SMF, and the second indication information is used to indicate the first number or the second number, that is, the second indication information is used by the UPF to determine at least two data packet sets in the PDU set.

[0228] In another possible implementation, the UPF determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on second information in at least one data packet in the first PDU set.

[0229] The second information is used to determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, that is, the UPF determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the second information in at least one data packet in the first PDU set.

[0230] Alternatively, the UPF may determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the second information in each data packet in the first PDU set, that is, the second information may be carried in the data packets in the PDU set.

[0231] Additionally, the second information is also used to indicate at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet in each data packet set, that is, the UPF can determine at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet in each data packet set according to the second information. Specifically, the UPF can determine at least two data packet sets in the PDU set and at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet in each data packet set according to the second information.

[0232] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific location of the second information. As an example, the second information is included in the RTP layer of each data packet, and can be specifically in the RTP data packet header or the RTP extension header. In another example, the second information is included in the GTP-U layer of each data packet. The following is described by taking the second information in the RTP layer as an example.

[0233] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the triggering method for the UPF to detect the second information carried by each data packet.

[0234] As an example but not limitation, after receiving a downlink data packet, the UPF can detect the second information carried by each data packet on its own.

[0235] As an example but not limitation, the UPF may receive a third indication information from the session management network element SMF side, and the third indication information is used to instruct the UPF to determine at least two data packet sets in the PDU set based on the second information carried by each data packet after the downlink data packet. Among them, the third indication information can also be used to indicate the FEC redundancy addition scheme adopted by the current business flow, that is, the 5G system (5G system, 5GS), such as the UPF, can determine at least two data packet sets in the PDU set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme. Additionally, the UPF can determine at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet of each data packet set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme.

[0236] Exemplarily, if the third indication information is used to indicate that the FEC redundancy addition scheme currently adopted by the service flow is flexible FEC, or the FEC redundancy addition scheme adopted by the service flow complies with RFC 8672, then the UPF will detect the second information based on the RTP data packet format corresponding to the flexible FEC or RFC 8672, that is, determine at least two data packet sets in the PDU set based on the second information carried in the RTP data packet, where RFC8672 is the standard protocol for flexible FEC.

[0237] Additionally, the UPF accordingly determines the first information corresponding to the data packet.

[0238] Exemplarily, when the third indication information indicates that the FEC redundancy addition scheme adopted by the service flow corresponding to the first PDU set is flexible FEC, the UPF can determine the first information corresponding to the data packet based on the FEC header under the flexible FEC scheme in the RTP layer of the data packet.

[0239] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the RTP layer header of a data packet.

[0240] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), in the FEC header, R=0, F=0 indicates that a mask is used for identification, that is, the information in the packet header is used to dynamically characterize the data packet protected by the current redundant data packet; R=0, F=1 indicates that a row / column XOR operation is used for processing; R=1, F=0 indicates identification of retransmission, that is, the current data packet is a retransmission data packet of the target data packet; and R=1, F=1 is currently reserved for future use.

[0241] When R=0,F=1,such as Figure 4 As shown in (b), the number of rows L and the number of columns D will be included later, where SN base_i refers to the sequence number of the first data packet in the data packet set. If L=1 and D=5, then an XOR operation is performed on every 5 data packets to generate a redundant data packet. Then every 6 data packets are a data packet set, and the number of data packets that can be discarded in the data packet set is 1 (or X=16.67%), that is, the first threshold is 1 or 16.67%. That is, in this implementation, the UPF can simultaneously determine the first threshold corresponding to at least two data packet sets and / or each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the second information, and the second information in this example is R / F / L / D and SN base i.

[0242] It should be understood that the above-mentioned third indication information can be sent to UPF by any one of SMF, PCF, and AF, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0243] Based on the above method, the UPF can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set. The specific method in which the UPF determines the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set is described below.

[0244] In a possible implementation, before receiving a downlink data packet, the UPF receives configuration information from the SMF or AF, and the configuration information also includes a first threshold.

[0245] In another possible implementation, the UPF may determine the first threshold corresponding to each data packet in the first PDU set based on the second information.

[0246] In another possible implementation, the local configuration of the UPF includes a first threshold value of the service corresponding to the first PDU set. In this implementation, the first threshold value corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set is the same.

[0247] Furthermore, after determining the first information corresponding to the data packet, the UPF adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in each PDU set.

[0248] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific number of first information added by the UPF in each data packet set.

[0249] Exemplarily, the UPF adds the first information to each data packet in each data packet set, and the first information is used to identify the data packet set to which the data packet belongs.

[0250] Exemplarily, the UPF adds the first information to the first data packet or the last data packet in each data packet set. In this case, the first information can identify the first packet and / or the last packet in the data packet set to which the current data packet belongs.

[0251] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific manner in which the UPF adds the first information to the data packet. In one example, the UPF adds the first information to the GTP-U layer of the data packet, that is, adds the first information to the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet. In another example, the UPF adds the first information to the RTP layer of the data packet, that is, in the RTP layer header or RTP layer extension header of the downlink data packet.

[0252] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the triggering conditions for the UPF to add the first information in the data packet.

[0253] Exemplarily, the UPF adds the first information to the data packet based on the third indication information or the fourth indication information, wherein the fourth indication information is used to instruct the UPF to add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set.

[0254] It should be understood that the fourth indication information will be received before the UPF receives the downlink data packet, and the fourth indication information comes from the SMF or PCF or AF, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0255] Exemplarily, the UPF adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set based on local configuration.

[0256] In a possible implementation, the first information is the same as the second information. Specifically, the UPF can extract the second information and add the second information to the GTP-U layer of the data packet, that is, in this implementation, the second information is used as the first information, rather than the first identifier and the first threshold as the first information. Correspondingly, the RAN side determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the second information.

[0257] S330: The RAN determines whether to send the first PDU set according to the transmission parameters of the data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0258] It should be understood that before performing the above step S330, the RAN needs to first determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set and a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set.

[0259] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific manner in which the RAN determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0260] In a possible implementation, the RAN may determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the first quantity or the second quantity. For the specific method, please refer to the relevant description of step S320 and will not be elaborated here.

[0261] Exemplarily, the RAN determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the PDU sequence number in the PDU set of the downlink data packet GTP-U layer and the first quantity or the second quantity, that is, the sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set is the PDU sequence number in the PDU set.

[0262] The first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set may be pre-configured on the RAN side, or may come from the SMF side or the UPF side.

[0263] In another possible implementation, the RAN may determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set. For the specific method, please refer to the relevant description of step S320 and will not be described in detail here.

[0264] In another possible implementation, the RAN may determine a first threshold in at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on the second information carried by each data packet in the first PDU set, and the first threshold may be the same or different for at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set.

[0265] In another possible implementation, the RAN may determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set. Optionally, the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set is added by the UPF.

[0266] In one possible implementation, the first information may be carried in at least one data packet in the first PDU set. Exemplarily, the first PDU set includes data packet sets #1, #2, #3, and #4, wherein at least one data packet in #1 carries the first information and at least one data packet in #3 carries the first information. The RAN can thereby determine the data packet sets #1, #2, #3, and #4 included in the first PDU set.

[0267] Specifically, the RAN can determine at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the first identifier included in the first information.

[0268] It should be understood that the RAN sends the first PDU set according to the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold value, which can be understood as sending the first PDU set when the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value; or discarding the first PDU set when the transmission parameters of any data packet set in the first PDU set are greater than the corresponding first threshold value. Alternatively, when transmitting each data packet set in the first PDU set, it is ensured that the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set are less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value.

[0269] It should be understood that the transmission parameter can be understood as the number or proportion of data packets lost in each data packet set (i.e., the number of packet loss or the packet loss rate) when the RAN receives the first PDU set, or the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set when the RAN sends the first PDU set.

[0270] Alternatively, the transmission parameter can be understood as the number or proportion of data packets lost in each data packet set when the RAN receives the first PDU set and the number or proportion of data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set when the RAN sends the first PDU set (i.e., the number of lost packets or the packet loss rate), that is, the proportion of data packets includes the data packets lost in each data packet set when the RAN receives the first PDU set and the data packets that fail to be sent in each data packet set when the RAN sends the first PDU set.

[0271] It is easy to understand that when the RAN determines that the transmission parameter of any data packet set in the first PDU set is greater than the corresponding first threshold value during the process of receiving the first PDU set, the RAN can discard the data packets in the first PDU set. When the RAN determines that the transmission parameter of any data packet set in the first PDU set is greater than the corresponding first threshold value during the process of sending the first PDU set, the RAN discards the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

[0272] As an example but not limitation, the first threshold is 10%. When RAN receives PDU set 1 from UPF, it finds that the packet loss rate of data packet set #2 reaches 10%. At this time, RAN discards the received data packets of PDU set 1.

[0273] As an example but not limitation, the first threshold is 10%. When the RAN sends PDU set 2 to the UE, it finds that the packet loss rate of data packet set #3 therein reaches 10%. At this time, the RAN stops sending the PDU set 2 and discards the unsent data packets in the PDU set 2.

[0274] Optionally, the RAN allocates sufficient resources for the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set, ensuring that the data packet set to which the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set belong can be less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold in the subsequent transmission process, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set. That is, when the transmission parameter of any data packet set in the first PDU set is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold and greater than the corresponding second threshold, the RAN schedules sufficient network resources for the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set.

[0275] Exemplarily, the RAN allocates a first network resource for the data packets to be transmitted of the first PDU set, and the first network resource is used to ensure that the data packet set to which the data packets to be transmitted of the first PDU set belong can be less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold value in the subsequent transmission process, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set. It is easy to understand that the number of data packets that can be carried by the first network resource is greater than or equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

[0276] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific value of the second threshold. Exemplarily, the second threshold is 0, that is, when the RAN finds that packet loss occurs during the transmission of any data packet set in the first PDU set, the first time-frequency resource is allocated to the first PDU set, thereby ensuring the complete transmission of the first PDU set.

[0277] It should be understood that the second threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set may be the same or different, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0278] It should be understood that the method for determining the second threshold corresponding to each data packet set may refer to the method for determining the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0279] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the triggering condition for the RAN to execute the above step S330.

[0280] Exemplarily, the RAN determines whether to send the first PDU set based on the indication of the first indication information and the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set. The first indication information is used to instruct the RAN to determine whether to send the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in each PDU set and the corresponding first threshold when receiving the PDU set of a specific service flow.

[0281] It should be understood that in this implementation, the RAN receives the first indication information before step S310, and the first indication information comes from the UPF or SMF or PCF or AF, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0282] Exemplarily, the RAN performs the above step S330 based on local configuration.

[0283] Based on the above scheme, during the transmission of the PDU set, redundancy-based integrity transmission is performed for at least two data packet sets in the PDU set, thereby ensuring correct transmission of the data packet set when a certain number of data packet transmissions fail.

[0284] The following combination Figures 5 to 7 The specific application scenario of the above method 300 is described.

[0285] Figure 5 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 500 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, the process 500 includes the following steps:

[0286] S510, PCF sends configuration information #1 to SMF, and correspondingly, SMF receives the configuration information #1.

[0287] Specifically, the configuration information #1 is used to indicate the PDU set processing rule, and the configuration information #1 includes indication information #1 and / or indication information #2. The indication information #1 is used to indicate the execution of redundant-based PDU set integrity transmission, that is, to indicate the transmission of the first PDU set pair based on the transmission parameters of at least two data packet sets in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold. The indication information #2 is used to indicate the size (i.e., the first number) of the association group, and the association group (i.e., the data packet set) is a set of data packets in the PDU set that execute the FEC redundancy implementation algorithm (e.g., XOR operation), or in other words, the association group is a set of original data packets in the PDU set that execute the FEC redundancy implementation algorithm and the generated redundant data packets.

[0288] It should be understood that the above association group size is a fixed size after performing a redundancy adding operation in the FEC process. Exemplarily, the association group may include an original data packet on which an XOR operation is performed and a redundant data packet generated based on the XOR operation.

[0289] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned association groups are merely exemplary names and may also be referred to as blocks, packets, symbols, etc., and the present application does not limit this.

[0290] Optionally, the above-mentioned PDU processing rule also includes a first threshold value, which is a redundancy threshold value for integrity transmission of each associated group in the PDU set. Specifically, during the transmission process, the transmission parameter (such as packet loss rate or number of packet losses) of each associated group is not greater than the first threshold value, that is, the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the PDU set is not greater than the first threshold value.

[0291] It should be understood that before the PCF sends the configuration information #1 to the SMF, the PCF needs to determine the PDU set processing rule. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific manner in which the PCF determines the PDU set processing rule.

[0292] In a possible implementation, the PCF determines the above-mentioned PDU set processing rules according to the local configuration, and the local configuration includes the size of the above-mentioned association group or data packet set and / or the FEC redundancy addition scheme, and the FEC redundancy addition scheme is used to indicate the FEC redundancy addition scheme adopted by the same service flow, so that the 5GS, such as the UPF, can perform redundant PDU set transmission according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme. Specifically, it can include determining at least two data packet sets in the PDU set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme, and additionally, it can also determine at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet of each data packet set in the PDU set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme.

[0293] In another possible implementation, before the above step S510, the method 500 further includes the following steps:

[0294] S501, AF sends configuration information #2 to PCF, and correspondingly, PCF receives configuration information #2.

[0295] Specifically, the AF sends the configuration information #2 to the PCF according to the capability exposure interface, for example, by carrying the configuration information #2 in an AF request (AFRequest) message, and the configuration information #2 is used to instruct the PCF to process the service flow based on a redundant PDU set. The configuration information #2 includes the above-mentioned FEC redundancy addition scheme, and / or the size of the association group (i.e., the size of the data packet set).

[0296] It should be understood that the above configuration information #2 also includes service flow description information, such as IP triplet, IP quintuple and other information, so as to identify the service flow.

[0297] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific manner in which the AF sends the configuration information #2 to the PCF.

[0298] For example, when the AF is in a trusted domain, the AF can interact directly with the PCF. Specifically, the AF can interact by calling a service interface of the PCF (eg, the Npcf_PolicyAuthorization service interface).

[0299] Another example, AF is in a non-trusted domain, and AF needs to interact with PCF through NEF (not shown in the figure). Specifically, AF calls NEF's service interface (such as Nnef_AFSessionWithQoS service interface) to interact with NEF, and then NEF calls PCF's service interface to interact with PCF.

[0300] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the triggering method of the above step S510.

[0301] In a possible implementation, the above step S510 may be actively sent by the PCF to the SMF. In this case, the configuration information #1 may be included in a session management policy modification (SM Policy Association_Update) message.

[0302] In another possible implementation, the above step S510 is triggered based on a request message sent by the SMF to the PCF, and the configuration information #1 may be included in a session management policy modification message or a session management policy association (SMPolicy Association_Creat) message. In this implementation, the above method 500 further includes the following steps:

[0303] S505, the UE sends a session establishment request message or a session modification request message to the SMF. The session in the present application may be a PDU session or other forms of sessions. The subsequent embodiments will be described using the PDU session as an example.

[0304] Optionally, the UE sends a PDU session establishment or modification request (PDU Session Establishment / Modification Request) message to the AMF, and the AMF forwards the PDU session establishment or modification request message to the SMF.

[0305] S506, SMF sends a session management policy association establishment / modification request message to PCF.

[0306] Specifically, in response to the above-mentioned PDU session establishment or modification request message, AMF requests PCF for processing rules for the PDU set corresponding to the PDU session.

[0307] Based on the above step S510, the SMF can obtain the FEC redundancy adding scheme and / or the size of the association group (i.e., the data packet set). Further, the SMF performs the following steps:

[0308] S520, SMF sends configuration information #3 to UPF, and correspondingly, UPF receives configuration information #3.

[0309] Specifically, SMF sends configuration information #3 to UPF through the N4 session establishment or modification process, and the configuration information #3 includes PDU set mark indication information, and the PDU set mark indication information is used to indicate that the downlink data packets are the same PDU set and add PDU set information in the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packets.

[0310] The PDU set information includes at least one of the following: a PDU set sequence number, an indication of the last PDU data packet in the PDU set, an importance of the PDU set, an order of PDUs in the PDU set, and / or a size of the PDU set.

[0311] In some possible implementations, the configuration information #3 also includes indication information #3, which is used to indicate that when the number of lost data packets in any associated group (or data packet set) in the received PDU set exceeds the above-mentioned first threshold, the entire PDU set is discarded.

[0312] It should be understood that the configuration information #3 includes the above-mentioned indication information #2, so that the UPF can determine the size of the association group based on the indication information #2.

[0313] Optionally, the configuration information #3 includes indication information #7, which is used to instruct the UPF to determine at least two associated groups (data packet sets) within the PDU set and add an identifier of the associated group and an identifier of the above-mentioned first threshold in at least one data packet of the PDU set.

[0314] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific method in which the UPF determines the first threshold.

[0315] Exemplarily, the UPF is locally configured with the first threshold, so that the UPF can determine the first threshold based on the local configuration.

[0316] Exemplarily, the configuration information #3 includes the first threshold, and the UPF can determine the first threshold based on the configuration information #3.

[0317] S530, SMF sends configuration information #4 to RAN, and correspondingly, RAN receives the configuration information #4.

[0318] Specifically, the SMF sends configuration information #4 to the RAN side through the AMF according to the configuration information #2. The configuration information #4 includes indication information #4, which is used to instruct the RAN to determine the associated group in the PDU set and perform the PDU set integrity transmission corresponding to the first threshold in the associated group, or to instruct the RAN to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of at least two associated groups in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0319] It should be understood that the integrity transmission of the PDU set corresponding to the above-mentioned first threshold can be understood as that the RAN ensures through resource scheduling that during the actual transmission process, the number of data packets that fail to be transmitted in each associated group of the PDU set is less than the first threshold. If the RAN determines that any associated group (data packet set) of the received PDU set exceeds the first threshold, the RAN discards the PDU set or the data packets to be transmitted in the PDU set; or when the transmission parameter of each associated group in the first PDU set is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold, the first PDU set is sent; or, when transmitting each associated group in the first PDU set, it is ensured that the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold.

[0320] It should be understood that the first threshold value can be indicated in the form of a quantity, which is used to indicate the upper limit of the data packets that are allowed to be discarded for each data packet set during the transmission process. The discarded data packets may be data packets lost when receiving the first PDU set, or data packets that fail to be sent when sending the first PDU set, or data packets that are lost when receiving and data packets that fail to be sent when sending.

[0321] Optionally, the configuration information #4 also includes the above-mentioned indication information #2, so that the RAN can determine each associated group in the PDU set based on the indication information #2.

[0322] S540, subsequent PDU session establishment / modification process. The specific process can refer to the existing standards and will not be described here.

[0323] When the downlink data of the PDU session arrives at the UPF, the method 500 further includes the following steps:

[0324] S550, UPF identifies and marks the PDU set in the downlink data according to the configuration information #3.

[0325] Specifically, the UPF identifies the PDU data packets in the downlink data as the same PDU set based on the PDU set mark indication information in the configuration information #3 and adds the PDU set information in the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet.

[0326] It should be understood that when the configuration information #3 includes the above-mentioned indication information #4, the UPF also determines at least one association group in the same PDU set according to the indication information #4. Specifically, the UPF determines at least one association group in the PDU set according to the PDU SN number and the size of the above-mentioned association group.

[0327] As an example and not limitation, PDU set 1 includes 20 data packets, and the association group size indicated in the indication information #4 is 5 data packets. Then the data packets with sequence numbers 1-5 are association group #1, the data packets with sequence numbers 6-10 are association group #2, the data packets with sequence numbers 11-15 are association group #3, and the data packets with sequence numbers 16-20 are association group #4.

[0328] Optionally, the UPF determines whether to discard the PDU set based on a first threshold.

[0329] As an example but not limitation, the first threshold is 20%. When UPF receives data packets of PDU set 2 and finds that the packet loss rate of associated group #1 reaches 20%, UPF discards the data packets to be transmitted of PDU set 2.

[0330] As an example but not limitation, the first threshold is 10%. During the process of UPF sending association group #2 among the five association groups of PDU set 3, UPF finds that the packet loss rate of association group #2 reaches 10%, then UPF discards the data packets to be transmitted of PDU set 3.

[0331] Optionally, when the configuration information #3 includes the above-mentioned indication information #7, after determining at least one association group in the PDU set, the UPF adds a corresponding association group identifier and / or a first threshold in the GTP-U layer of the data packet.

[0332] S560, UPF sends downlink data to RAN, wherein the downlink data is the downlink data after UPF adds a PDU set tag.

[0333] S570: RAN determines at least one association group according to configuration information #4.

[0334] Specifically, the RAN determines at least one association group in the same PDU set according to the size of the association group indicated by the configuration information #4. The specific process may refer to step S550 and will not be described again here.

[0335] Optionally, the RAN determines the at least one association group according to an association group identifier of a GTP-U layer of the data packet.

[0336] Further, the RAN determines a relationship between the transmission state of each association group and the first threshold.

[0337] In a possible implementation, when the RAN determines that the number of packet losses of each associated group in the same PDU set is less than the first threshold, the RAN sends the data packet of the PDU set to the UE side through the Uu interface.

[0338] It should be understood that, in the process of RAN sending data packets of the PDU set to UE, if the number of packet losses of a certain associated group is greater than the first threshold, RAN will discard all data packets to be transmitted in the PDU set.

[0339] As an example but not a limitation, RAN sends data packets in PDU set 3 to UE, and PDU set 3 includes 30 data packets, and each association group includes 10 data packets. When RAN sends data packets of association group #1, it is found that 3 data packets of the 8 data packets sent are discarded, and the first threshold is 20%, that is, the packet loss rate of association group #3 is greater than the first threshold. At this time, RAN stops sending and discards the remaining data packets in PDU set 3, including 2 data packets that have not been sent in FEC #1 association group and all data packets in association group #2 and association group #3.

[0340] In another possible implementation, when the RAN determines that the number of packet losses of at least one associated group in the same PDU set is greater than the first threshold, the RAN discards the data to be transmitted in the PDU set.

[0341] It should be understood that when the configuration information #4 does not include the above-mentioned first threshold, the first threshold may be pre-configured.

[0342] It should be understood that when the configuration information #4 does not include the first threshold, the RAN side may also pre-configure a packet loss threshold for each associated group. Exemplarily, the RAN side pre-configures the packet loss threshold to be 1 data packet, that is, the RAN side defaults to discarding at most 1 data packet for each associated group during transmission.

[0343] Based on the above solution, PCF configures a fixed association group size to assist the RAN side in performing integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set for each association group, and discards the entire PDU Set when the number of lost / failed data packets in a certain association group reaches the redundancy.

[0344] Figure 6 600 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 600 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, the method 600 includes the following steps:

[0345] S610, PCF sends configuration information #5 to SMF, and correspondingly, SMF receives the configuration information #5.

[0346] Specifically, the configuration information #5 is used to indicate the PDU set processing rule, and the configuration information #5 includes indication information #5 and / or indication information #6, and the indication information #5 is used to indicate the execution of integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set, that is, to indicate the transmission of the first PDU set pair based on the transmission parameters of at least two data packet sets in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold. The indication information #6 is used to indicate the FEC redundancy addition scheme corresponding to the PDU set.

[0347] It should be understood that the FEC redundancy adding scheme corresponding to the PDU set can be understood as the FEC redundancy adding method performed on the data packets in the PDU set.

[0348] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the FEC scheme corresponding to the PDU set. The following description is based on the FEC scheme corresponding to the PDU set as flexible FEC.

[0349] It should be understood that before the PCF sends the configuration information #5 to the SMF, the PCF needs to determine the PDU set processing rule. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific manner in which the PCF determines the PDU set processing rule.

[0350] In a possible implementation, the PCF determines the above-mentioned PDU processing rules according to the local configuration, and the local configuration includes an FEC redundancy addition scheme, which is used to indicate the FEC redundancy addition scheme (such as flexible FEC) adopted by the same service flow, so that the 5GS can perform redundant PDU set transmission according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme. Specifically, it can include determining at least two associated groups (i.e., data packet sets) within the PDU set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme, and additionally, it can also determine at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet of each associated group in the PDU set according to the FEC redundancy addition scheme, wherein the first data packet is the original data packet or the original data packet processed by the application server, and the second data packet is a redundant data packet.

[0351] In another possible implementation, before the above step S610, the method 600 further includes the following steps:

[0352] S601, AF sends configuration information #6 to PCF, and correspondingly, PCF receives configuration information #6.

[0353] Specifically, the AF sends the configuration information #6 to the PCF according to the capability exposure interface, and the configuration information #6 is used to instruct the PCF to process the service flow based on the redundant PDU set. The configuration information #6 includes the above-mentioned FEC redundancy adding solution.

[0354] It should be understood that the above configuration information #6 also includes service flow description information, such as IP triplet, IP quintuple and other information, so as to identify the service flow.

[0355] It should be understood that the specific manner in which the AF sends the configuration information #6 to the PCF in the embodiment of the present application can refer to the above step S501 and will not be described in detail here.

[0356] Optionally, the configuration information #5 also includes a first threshold value. The first threshold value may be indicated in the form of a quantity, used to indicate an upper limit of the data packets that each associated group is allowed to discard during the transmission process, or the first threshold value may be indicated in the form of redundancy, used to indicate a proportion of data packets that each associated group is allowed to discard during the transmission process, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0357] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific method in which the PCF determines the first threshold.

[0358] In a possible implementation manner, the first threshold is included in the above configuration information #6, that is, the first threshold is provided by the AF to the PCF.

[0359] In another possible implementation manner, the first threshold is locally configured by the PCF.

[0360] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the triggering method of the above step S610. For specific descriptions, please refer to step S505 and step S506, which will not be repeated here.

[0361] S620, SMF sends configuration information #7 to UPF, and correspondingly, UPF receives the configuration information #7.

[0362] Specifically, the SMF sends the configuration information #7 to the UPF through the N4 session establishment or modification process. The configuration information #7 includes PDU set mark indication information. The PDU set mark indication information is used to indicate that the downlink data packets are the same PDU set and add the PDU set information in the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packets.

[0363] The PDU set information includes at least one of the following: a PDU set sequence number, an indication of the last PDU data packet in the PDU set, an importance of the PDU set, an order of PDUs in the PDU set, and / or a size of the PDU set.

[0364] In an embodiment of the present application, the configuration information #7 also includes at least one of the indication information #6 and the indication information #7. The indication information #7 is used to indicate that the identifier of the association group and the identifier of the first threshold are added to at least one data packet of the PDU set.

[0365] It should be understood that when the configuration information #7 includes the above-mentioned indication information #6 and at least one item in the indication information #7, the UPF will determine the associated group within the PDU set based on the indication information #6 and the RTP layer header information of the downlink data packet, and accordingly add identification information to at least one data packet in the PDU set, and the identification information is used to identify the associated group within the PDU set.

[0366] Optionally, the configuration information #7 includes the above-mentioned first threshold.

[0367] It should be understood that when the configuration information #7 does not include the above-mentioned first threshold, the UPF can determine the above-mentioned first threshold based on the RTP layer of the downlink data packet according to the indication of the indication information #6.

[0368] Among them, the indication information #6 can be protocol description information, which is used to describe the transmission protocol used by the business flow and the corresponding FEC redundancy addition scheme, and the auxiliary UPF determines the association group and / or the first threshold based on the protocol description information.

[0369] Optionally, the configuration information #7 also includes indication information #8, and the indication information #8 is used to indicate that when the number of lost data packets in a certain associated group in the PDU set exceeds the above-mentioned first threshold, the entire PDU set is discarded.

[0370] S630, SMF sends configuration information #8 to RAN, and correspondingly, RAN receives the configuration information #8.

[0371] Specifically, the SMF sends the configuration information #8 to the RAN through the AMF according to the above configuration information #5. The configuration information #8 includes indication information #8, which is used to instruct the RAN to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of the associated group in the PDU set and the first threshold, and is specifically used to instruct the RAN to determine the associated group in the PDU set and the first threshold, and perform corresponding integrity transmission of the PDU set in the associated group based on the first threshold, or to instruct the RAN to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of at least two associated groups in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

[0372] It should be understood that the specific description of the integrity transmission of the PDU set corresponding to the first threshold can be referred to the relevant content in step S530, which will not be repeated here.

[0373] Optionally, the configuration information #8 also includes the first threshold, so that the RAN can obtain the first threshold based on the configuration information #8 before receiving the downlink data.

[0374] It should be understood that for the specific description of the integrity transmission of the above response, reference can be made to the relevant content in step S530, which will not be repeated here.

[0375] S640: Complete the subsequent PDU session establishment / modification process. The specific process can refer to the existing standards and will not be described here.

[0376] When the downlink data of the PDU session arrives at the UPF, the method 600 further includes the following steps:

[0377] S650, UPF adds corresponding PDU set information to the downlink data packet according to the configuration information #7.

[0378] Specifically, the UPF identifies the PDU data packets in the downlink data as the same PDU set according to the PDU set mark indication information in the configuration information #7 and adds the PDU set information in the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet.

[0379] It should be understood that the UPF also determines at least one association group in the same PDU set according to configuration information #7. Specifically, the UPF determines at least one association group in the PDU set based on the information in the RTP layer header of the downlink data packet according to the indication information #6 and at least one item in the indication information #7; and accordingly, adds identification information identifying the association group to the GTP-U layer in the downlink data packet.

[0380] It should be understood that when the first threshold is not included in the above configuration information #8, the RAN can determine the first threshold based on the information of the RTP layer of the data packet; and accordingly, add the first threshold to the GTP-U layer in the downlink data packet.

[0381] S660: The UPF adds first information to the downlink data packet, where the first information includes an association group identifier and / or the first threshold, wherein data packets with the same association group identifier belong to the same association group.

[0382] Optionally, the UPF may determine whether to discard the PDU set according to the first threshold. The specific method may refer to the aforementioned step S550, which will not be described in detail here.

[0383] S670, UPF sends downlink data to RAN.

[0384] It should be understood that the downlink data is the downlink data after the UPF adds the PDU set mark and the associated group identifier.

[0385] S680: The RAN determines at least one associated group in the PDU set according to the configuration information #8 and the first information.

[0386] Specifically, the RAN determines at least one associated group in the PDU set and / or the first threshold according to the indication information #8 and the first information.

[0387] It should be understood that the first threshold can be included in the first information, or the first threshold can be included in the configuration information #8, or the first threshold can be locally configured by the RAN, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0388] Furthermore, the RAN performs PDU set integrity transmission based on the first threshold for each association group according to the first threshold carried in the downlink data packet.

[0389] In a possible implementation, when the RAN determines that the number of packet losses of each associated group in the same PDU set is less than the first threshold, the RAN sends the data packet of the PDU set to the UE side through the Uu interface.

[0390] It should be understood that, in the process of RAN sending data packets of the PDU set to UE, if the packet loss number or packet loss rate of a certain associated group is greater than the first threshold, RAN will discard all data packets to be transmitted in the PDU set.

[0391] As an example but not a limitation, RAN sends data packets in PDU set 3 to UE, and PDU set 3 includes 30 data packets, and each association group includes 10 data packets. When RAN sends data packets of association group #1, it is found that there are 3 data packets among the 8 data packets sent, and the first threshold is 20%, that is, the packet loss rate of association group #3 is greater than the first threshold. At this time, RAN stops sending and discards the remaining data packets in PDU set 3, including 2 data packets that have not been sent in FEC #1 association group and all data packets in association group #2 and association group #3.

[0392] In another possible implementation, when the RAN determines that the number of packet losses or the packet loss rate of at least one associated group in the same PDU set is greater than the first threshold, the RAN discards the data to be transmitted in the PDU set.

[0393] In another possible implementation manner, when the packet loss quantity or packet loss rate of each associated group in the RAN guaranteed PDU set is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0394] Figure 7 700 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation process 700 of the communication method 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, the process 700 includes the following steps:

[0395] S710, PCF sends configuration information #5 to SMF, and correspondingly, SMF receives configuration information #5.

[0396] Specifically, the configuration information #5 is used to indicate the PDU set processing rule, and the configuration information #5 includes indication information #5 and / or indication information #6, and the indication information #5 is used to indicate the execution of integrity transmission of the redundant PDU set, that is, to indicate the transmission of the first PDU set pair based on the transmission parameters of at least two data packet sets in the PDU set and the corresponding first threshold. The indication information #6 is used to indicate the FEC redundancy addition scheme corresponding to the PDU set.

[0397] It should be understood that the specific method for configuring information #5 can refer to the relevant content of step S610, which will not be repeated here.

[0398] It should be understood that before the PCF sends the configuration information #5 to the SMF, the PCF needs to determine the PDU set processing rule. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific manner in which the PCF determines the PDU set processing rule.

[0399] In another possible implementation, before the above step S710, the method 700 further includes the following steps:

[0400] S701, AF sends configuration information #6 to PCF, and correspondingly, PCF receives configuration information #6.

[0401] It should be understood that the specific description of configuration information #6 can be found in the relevant content of step S601 and will not be repeated here.

[0402] S720, SMF sends configuration information #7 to UPF, and correspondingly, UPF receives the configuration information #7.

[0403] Specifically, the SMF sends the configuration information #7 to the UPF side through the N4 session establishment or modification process. The configuration information #7 includes PDU set mark indication information. The PDU set mark indication information is used to indicate that the downlink data packets are the same PDU set and add the PDU set information in the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packets.

[0404] S730, SMF sends configuration information #8 to RAN, and correspondingly, RAN receives the configuration information #8.

[0405] Specifically, the SMF sends the configuration information #8 to the RAN through the AMF according to the configuration information #5. The configuration information #8 includes the indication information #6 and / or indication information #8, and the indication information #8 is used to instruct the RAN to transmit the PDU set based on the transmission parameters of the associated group in the PDU set and the first threshold, and is specifically used to instruct the RAN to determine the associated group and the first threshold in the PDU set, and perform corresponding integrity transmission of the PDU set based on the first threshold in the associated group.

[0406] Optionally, the configuration information #8 includes the first threshold. Optionally, the indication information #6 may also be pre-configured on the RAN side.

[0407] S740: Complete the subsequent PDU session establishment / modification process. The specific process can refer to the existing standards and will not be described here.

[0408] When the downlink data of the PDU session arrives at the UPF, the method 700 further includes the following steps:

[0409] S750, UPF identifies and marks the PDU set in the downlink data according to the configuration information #7.

[0410] Specifically, the UPF identifies the PDU data packets in the downlink data as the same PDU set according to the PDU set mark indication information in the configuration information #7 and adds the PDU set information at the GTP-U layer of the downlink data packet. The PDU set information includes at least one of the following: the PDU set sequence number, the last PDU data packet indication in the PDU set, the PDU set importance, the order of the PDUs in the PDU set, and / or the size of the PDU set.

[0411] S760, UPF sends downlink data to RAN.

[0412] It should be understood that the downlink data is the downlink data after the UPF adds the PDU set mark.

[0413] S770: RAN determines at least one associated group in the PDU set according to configuration information #8 and RTP layer information.

[0414] Specifically, the RAN determines at least one association group in the PDU set according to indication information #6 and based on the information of the RTP layer of the downlink data packet.

[0415] It should be understood that when the configuration information #8 does not include the first threshold, the RAN can determine the first threshold according to the information of the RTP layer of the data packet.

[0416] It should be understood that the manner in which the RAN determines at least one associated group and the first threshold in the PDU set according to the RTP layer can refer to Figure 5 The relevant instructions are not repeated here.

[0417] Furthermore, the RAN performs PDU set integrity transmission based on the first threshold for each association group according to the first threshold carried in the downlink data packet.

[0418] Based on the above solution, RAN can determine the association groups in the PDU set and the redundancy in the association group based on the RTP layer in the downlink data packet, so as to perform integrity transmission of the PDU set based on redundancy for each association group. In addition, after the data packets that fail to be received or sent in a certain association group in the PDU set reach the redundancy, the data packets to be transmitted in the PDU set are discarded.

[0419] It should be understood that the sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0420] It should also be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their internal logical relationships.

[0421] It should also be understood that in some of the above embodiments, the devices in the existing network architecture are mainly used as examples for exemplary description, and it should be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific form of the devices. For example, devices that can achieve the same function in the future are applicable to the embodiments of the present application.

[0422] It can be understood that in the above-mentioned various method embodiments, the methods and operations implemented by devices (such as access network devices and core network devices) can also be implemented by components that can be used in the devices (such as chips or circuits).

[0423] It can also be understood that some optional features in the embodiments of the present application may not depend on other features in some scenarios, or may be combined with other features in some scenarios, without limitation.

[0424] Above, combined Figures 3 to 7 The communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail. The above communication method is mainly introduced from the perspective of interaction between the access network device and the core network device. It can be understood that the terminal device, the access network device and the core network device, in order to realize the above functions, include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function.

[0425] Those skilled in the art should be aware that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation still falls within the scope of the present application.

[0426] The following, combined Figures 8 to 10 The communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiment corresponds to the description of the method embodiment, so the contents not described in detail can be referred to the method embodiment above, and some contents will not be repeated for the sake of brevity.

[0427] The embodiment of the present application can divide the functional modules of the access network equipment and the core network equipment according to the above method example. For example, each functional module can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic and is only a logical functional division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. The following is an example of dividing each functional module according to each function.

[0428] Figure 8 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the device 1000 may include a transceiver unit 1010 and a processing unit 1020. The transceiver unit 1010 may communicate with the outside, and the processing unit 1020 is used for data processing. The transceiver unit 1010 may also be called a communication interface or a transceiver unit.

[0429] In one possible design, the device 1000 can implement steps or processes corresponding to those executed by the core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) in the above method embodiments, wherein the processing unit 1020 is used to execute processing-related operations of the core network equipment in the above method embodiments, and the transceiver unit 1010 is used to execute transceiver-related operations of the core network equipment in the above method embodiments.

[0430] As an example but not a limitation, the device 1000 can be used to execute the actions performed by the user plane network element in the above method embodiment.

[0431] Specifically, the transceiver unit 1010 is used to receive a first PDU set, the first PDU set including at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets including at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet being a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet; the processing unit 1020 is used for, when the transmission parameters of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set are less than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device sending the first PDU set.

[0432] In another possible design, the device 1000 can implement steps or processes corresponding to those executed by the access network device in the above method embodiment, wherein the transceiver unit 1010 is used to execute the transceiver-related operations of the access network device in the above method embodiment, and the processing unit 1020 is used to execute the processing-related operations of the access network device in the above method embodiment.

[0433] As an example and not limitation, the transceiver unit 1010 is used to receive a first PDU set; the processing unit 1020 is used to add first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; the transceiver unit 1010 is also used to send the first PDU set.

[0434] It should be understood that the device 1000 here is embodied in the form of a functional unit. The term "unit" here may refer to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor or a group processor, etc.) and a memory for executing one or more software or firmware programs, a merged logic circuit and / or other suitable components that support the described functions. In an optional example, those skilled in the art can understand that the device 1000 can be specifically the transmitting end in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be used to execute the various processes and / or steps corresponding to the transmitting end in the above-mentioned method embodiment, or the device 1000 can be specifically the receiving end in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be used to execute the various processes and / or steps corresponding to the receiving end in the above-mentioned method embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0435] The apparatus 1000 of each of the above-mentioned schemes has the function of implementing the corresponding steps executed by the transmitting end in the above-mentioned method, or the apparatus 1000 of each of the above-mentioned schemes has the function of implementing the corresponding steps executed by the receiving end in the above-mentioned method. The functions can be implemented by hardware, or can be implemented by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions; for example, the transceiver unit can be replaced by a transceiver (for example, the sending unit in the transceiver unit can be replaced by a transmitter, and the receiving unit in the transceiver unit can be replaced by a receiver), and other units, such as the processing unit, can be replaced by a processor, respectively performing the transceiver operations and related processing operations in each method embodiment.

[0436] In addition, the above-mentioned transceiver unit can also be a transceiver circuit (for example, it can include a receiving circuit and a sending circuit), and the processing unit can be a processing circuit. In an embodiment of the present application, the device 1000 can be a receiving device or a sending device in the aforementioned embodiment, or a chip or a chip system in a receiving device or a sending device, for example: a system on chip (SoC). Among them, the transceiver unit can be an input and output circuit, a communication interface. The processing unit is a processor or a microprocessor or an integrated circuit integrated on the chip. This is not limited here.

[0437] Fig. 9 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 2000 provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 As shown, the device 2000 includes a processor 2010 and a transceiver 2020. The processor 2010 and the transceiver 2020 communicate with each other through an internal connection path, and the processor 2010 is used to execute instructions to control the transceiver 2020 to send signals and / or receive signals.

[0438] Optionally, the device 2000 may further include a memory 2030, and the memory 2030 communicates with the processor 2010 and the transceiver 2020 through an internal connection path. The memory 2030 is used to store instructions, and the processor 2010 may execute the instructions stored in the memory 2030.

[0439] In one possible implementation, the device 2000 is used to implement the various processes and steps corresponding to the core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) in the above method embodiment.

[0440] In another possible implementation, the device 2000 is used to implement various processes and steps corresponding to the access network device in the above method embodiment.

[0441] It should be understood that the device 2000 can be specifically the transmitting end or receiving end in the above embodiment, or a chip or a chip system. Correspondingly, the transceiver 2020 can be a transceiver circuit of the chip, which is not limited here. Specifically, the device 2000 can be used to execute each step and / or process corresponding to the transmitting end or receiving end in the above method embodiment.

[0442] Optionally, the memory 2030 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. A portion of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information about the device type. The processor 2010 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory, and when the processor 2010 executes instructions stored in the memory, the processor 2010 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above-mentioned method embodiment corresponding to the transmitting end or the receiving end.

[0443] In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware processor for execution, or a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor for execution. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in conjunction with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.

[0444] It should be noted that the processor in the embodiment of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or an instruction in the form of software. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component. The processor in the embodiment of the present application can implement or execute the methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiment of the present application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to perform, or the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor can be combined to perform. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0445] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory, dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory, synchronously connected dynamic random access memory, and direct memory bus random access memory. It should be noted that the memory of the system and method described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0446] Fig.10 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip system 3000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 As shown, the chip system 3000 (or may also be called a processing system) includes a logic circuit 3010 and an input / output interface (input / output interface) 3020 .

[0447] Among them, the logic circuit 3010 can be a processing circuit in the chip system 3000. The logic circuit 3010 can be coupled to the storage unit and call the instructions in the storage unit so that the chip system 3000 can implement the methods and functions of each embodiment of the present application. The input / output interface 3020 can be an input / output circuit in the chip system 3000, outputting information processed by the chip system 3000, or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 3000 for processing.

[0448] As a solution, the chip system 3000 is used to implement the operations performed by the core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) in the above method embodiments.

[0449] As a solution, the chip system 3000 is used to implement the operations performed by the access network device in the above method embodiments.

[0450] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer instructions are stored for implementing the methods executed by core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) and access network equipment in the above-mentioned method embodiments.

[0451] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising computer program code or instructions. When the computer program code or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer implements the methods executed by the core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) and the access network equipment in the above-mentioned method embodiments.

[0452] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including the aforementioned core network equipment (such as SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) and access network equipment.

[0453] The explanation of the relevant contents and beneficial effects of any of the above-mentioned devices can be referred to the corresponding method embodiments provided above, which will not be repeated here.

[0454] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0455] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0456] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0457] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0458] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0459] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0460] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The access network device receives a first protocol data unit PDU set, where the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, and the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet; When the transmission parameter of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is less than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device sends the first PDU set.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission parameter of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set includes the packet loss rate or the number of packet losses of the data packet set.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The access network device sends the first PDU set, including: The access network device ensures that a transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set is less than or equal to a corresponding first threshold.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The method further comprises: When a transmission parameter of at least one data packet set in the first PDU set is greater than a corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The access network device discarding the first PDU set includes: The access network device discards the data packets to be transmitted in the first PDU set.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set is the same, or the first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set is different.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that Before the access network device receives the first PDU set, the method further includes: The access network device receives first indication information, where the first indication information is used to instruct the access network device to transmit the first PDU set based on the transmission parameters of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The first threshold corresponding to each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is included in the first indication information.

9. According to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, before the access network device sends the first PDU set, the method further comprises: The access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, including: The access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on a first quantity and a sequence number of each data packet in the first PDU set, where the first quantity is the number of data packets in the data packet set in the first PDU set.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that Before the access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set according to the first quantity and the sequence number of at least one data packet in the first PDU set, the method further includes: The access network device receives second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the first quantity, wherein the second indication information comes from a session management network element, or the second indication information comes from a user plane function network element.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, including: The access network device determines at least two data packet sets within the first PDU set based on first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set, wherein the first information includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to indicate the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The first information also includes a first threshold corresponding to the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The first information is carried in the user plane General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP-U layer or the Real-time Communication Protocol RTP layer of at least one data packet of the first PDU set.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that The access network device determines, according to first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, including: The access network device receives third indication information, where the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant adding method for at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set; The access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set, and / or a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set based on the third indication information and the first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

16. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The user plane network element receives a first PDU set; The user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; The user plane device sends the first PDU set.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that Before the user plane network element receives the first PDU set, the method further includes: The user plane network element receives third indication information and / or fourth indication information, wherein the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant adding mode of the at least one first data packet set, and the fourth indication information is used to instruct the user plane network element to add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set; The user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that Before the user plane network element adds the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, the method further includes: The user plane device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on second information carried by the data packets in the first PDU set, and the second information is used to determine the at least one first data packet and the at least one second data packet in each of the data packet sets.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The second information is carried in the real-time communication protocol RTP layer of each data packet in the first PDU set.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that The method further comprises: The user plane network element determines a first threshold corresponding to each data packet set in the first PDU set based on the second information carried by the data packets in the first PDU set, where the first threshold is an upper limit of data packets that the corresponding data packet set is allowed to discard.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The user plane network element sends the first PDU set, including: When the transmission parameter of each of the data packet sets is less than or equal to the corresponding first threshold, the user plane network element sends the first data connection session set; When a transmission parameter of one of the at least one data packet set is greater than a corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that The first information in at least one data packet in each data packet set within the first PDU set includes a first identifier and / or a first threshold corresponding to the data packet set to which the data packet belongs, wherein the first identifier is used to indicate the data packet set to which the corresponding data packet belongs.

23. A solution according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that The user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, including: The user plane network element adds the first information to each data packet in the first PDU set.

24. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that The first information is carried in the RTP layer of at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, or in the user plane General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP-U layer.

25. A communication method, characterized in that: include: The user plane network element receives a first PDU set from the application server; The user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set, wherein the first PDU set includes at least two data packet sets, each of the data packet sets includes at least one first data packet and at least one second data packet, the at least one second data packet is a redundant data packet of the at least one first data packet, and the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; The user plane network element sends the first PDU set to the access network device; The access network device receives the first PDU set.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The method further comprises: When the transmission parameter of each of the data packet sets in the first PDU set is less than the corresponding first threshold, the access network device sends the first PDU set; or When a transmission parameter of at least one data packet set in the first PDU set is greater than a corresponding first threshold, the access network device discards the first PDU set.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that The method further comprises: The session management network element sends first indication information to the access network device, where the first indication information is used to instruct the access network device to transmit the first PDU set based on the transmission parameter of each data packet set in the first PDU set and the corresponding first threshold; The access network device receives the first indication information.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that Before the user plane network element receives the first PDU set from the application server, the method further includes: The session management network element sends third indication information and / or fourth indication information to the user plane network element, wherein the third indication information is used to indicate a redundant adding mode of the at least one first data packet set, and the fourth indication information is used to instruct the user plane network element to add the first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set; The user plane network element receives the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The method further comprises: The user plane network element adds first information to at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set according to the third indication information and / or the fourth indication information, where the first information is used to indicate the data packet set to which the at least one data packet belongs; The access network device determines at least two data packet sets in the first PDU set based on first information carried by at least one data packet in each data packet set in the first PDU set.

30. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises a unit or module for executing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-15, 16-24, 25-29.

31. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A processor, the processor being coupled to a memory, the processor being configured to call computer program instructions stored in the memory to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, or the method according to any one of claims 16 to 24, or the method according to any one of claims 25 to 29.

32. A chip, characterized in that: It includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to receive data and / or information and transmit the received data and / or information to the processor, and the processor processes the data and / or information to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1-15, or the method as described in any one of claims 16-24, or the method as described in any one of claims 25-29.

33. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, or enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 24, or enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 29.

34. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, or enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 24, or enable the computer to execute the method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 29.

35. A communication system, characterized in that: include: Access network equipment, used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15; A user plane network element, used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 16-24.

36. A communication system, characterized in that: It includes an access network device and a user plane network element, characterized in that the first network device is used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1-15, and the user plane network element is used to execute the method as described in any one of claims 16-24.

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