Pilot frequency transmission method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a pilot frequency transmission method and device. The method comprises the following steps: determining a first length; determining a first sequence pair according to the first length; wherein the first sequence pair comprises at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is a first length; generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair; and outputting the at least two pilot symbols. According to the scheme, when the pilot symbol is generated, the length of the sequence used for generating the pilot symbol is considered, the pilot symbol can be generated based on the sequence with the proper length (namely the first length), and the technical effect of considering the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a pilot transmission method and device. Background Art

[0002] The pilot signal generated based on the Gold sequence has the characteristics of low peak to average power ratio (PAPR), but its flatness in the frequency domain is poor, that is, there will be signals with small signal energy on some subcarriers. When the receiving end performs channel estimation, the signal-to-noise ratio of these subcarriers is very low, and the channel estimation quality is poor. The pilot signal generated based on the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence has good flatness in the frequency domain, but its PAPR is high. The pilot signal may be distorted after being amplified by the power amplifier, resulting in the receiving end being unable to correctly parse the pilot signal.

[0003] The pilot signal generated based on the Golay complementary sequence pair can take into account both low PAPR and frequency domain flatness. However, the length of the Golay complementary sequences (GCS) is limited. If the selected sequence length is too long, the generated pilot signal will occupy a large number of channels that do not need to be estimated, increasing the overhead of channel estimation; if the selected sequence length is too short, it will not be possible to effectively estimate all the channels that need to be estimated, resulting in inaccurate channel estimation.

[0004] Therefore, how to select a Gray complementary sequence pair of appropriate length to generate a pilot signal while taking into account the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a pilot transmission method and device, which can generate a pilot signal based on a sequence of appropriate length, thereby achieving a technical effect of taking into account both the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation.

[0006] In a first aspect, a pilot transmission method is provided, which can be performed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application can refer to the first communication device itself (for example, a network device, a terminal device), or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device. The method includes: determining a first length; determining a first sequence pair according to the first length; wherein the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length; generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair; and outputting at least two pilot symbols.

[0007] When generating pilot symbols, the above scheme takes into account the length of the sequence used to generate pilot symbols, and can generate pilot symbols based on a sequence of appropriate length (i.e., the first length), so that the bandwidth occupied by the finally generated pilot symbol matches (e.g., is consistent with) the bandwidth of the channel to be estimated (e.g., the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol), thereby ensuring that the receiving end of the pilot symbol can effectively estimate all channels that need to be estimated without increasing additional channel estimation overhead, that is, taking into account both the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation.

[0008] In one possible design, the first sequence pair is a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0009] In a possible design, the Golay complementary sequence is a binary Golay complementary sequence.

[0010] Compared with the quaternary Golay complementary sequence or the multi-element Golay complementary sequence, the binary Golay complementary sequence can lower the PAPR of the pilot signal.

[0011] In one possible design, first information may be received from a network device, where the first information indicates a first length; and the first length may be determined based on the first information.

[0012] In this way, the complexity of determining the first length can be reduced.

[0013] In a possible design, the first information includes a factor set, and the factor set includes at least one of the first factor, the second factor and / or the third factor. Accordingly, determining the first length according to the first information may include: determining the first length according to the factor set.

[0014] By adopting this method, the data volume of the first information can be reduced, thereby saving resource overhead.

[0015] In one possible design, the first factor, the second factor, the third factor, and the first length satisfy the following relationship:

[0016] N=2 a 10 b 26 c ;

[0017] Among them, N is the first length, a is the first factor, b is the second factor, c is the third factor, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

[0018] Of course, the above relationship is only an example and is not limited to this. For example, N=2 a 10 b Etc., which can take into account the bandwidth scheduling level of the 5G system.

[0019] In one possible design, the first length is related to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, and the first data symbol and at least two pilot symbols are mapped on the same frequency domain resource. In other words, the first length can be determined based on the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol.

[0020] In one possible design, the length corresponding to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter can be determined based on the correspondence between the transmission bandwidth, parameters, and length of the data symbol, and the determined length is the first length; wherein the parameters include a roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension, and the first parameter includes the roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0021] By adopting this method, the network device does not need to indicate the first length, resource overhead can be reduced, and the implementation is simple.

[0022] In one possible design, the first length may be determined based on a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0023] By adopting this method, the network device does not need to indicate the first length, thus reducing resource overhead.

[0024] In a possible design, determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter may include: determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; or determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient. The second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , a, b, c are natural numbers.

[0025] In one possible design, the first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M.

[0026] N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0027] N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0028] N is equal to 2 a , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0029] In this way, it can be ensured that the first length meets the length requirement of the Gray complementary sequence pair and is as close to the transmission bandwidth as possible.

[0030] In one possible design, if N is less than M, each sequence in the first sequence pair is extended to a length equal to a transmission bandwidth to obtain an extended first sequence pair; and at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the extended first sequence pair.

[0031] For example, a discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) is performed on any sequence in the first sequence pair; and a cyclic extension is performed on any sequence after the DFT, so as to extend the length of any sequence after the DFT from N to M.

[0032] For example, before performing DFT on any sequence in the first sequence pair, zeros are padded in any sequence, and the number of padded zeros is MN, so as to extend the length of any sequence from N to M. Wherein, filling zeros in any sequence includes one or more of the following: filling zeros at the head of any sequence; filling zeros at the tail of any sequence; and filling zeros between elements in any sequence at equal intervals. Of course, the above filling methods are only examples and are not limited thereto.

[0033] By adopting this design, each sequence in the first sequence pair can be extended to the same length as the transmission bandwidth, thereby ensuring that the finally generated pilot symbol can be used to effectively estimate all channels where the first data symbol is located.

[0034] In one possible design, the first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M;

[0035] N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0036] N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0037] N is equal to 2 a , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0038] In this way, it can be ensured that the first length meets the length requirement of the Gray complementary sequence pair and is as close to the transmission bandwidth as possible.

[0039] In one possible design, if N is greater than M, each sequence in the first sequence pair is truncated to obtain a truncated first sequence pair; and at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the truncated first sequence pair.

[0040] By adopting this design, each sequence in the first sequence pair can be truncated to the same length as the transmission bandwidth, thereby ensuring that the finally generated pilot symbol can be used to effectively estimate all channels where the first data symbol is located.

[0041] In one possible design, the filter used to generate each pilot symbol in the at least two pilot symbols is the same, and / or the bandwidth expansion factor used to generate each pilot symbol in the at least two pilot symbols is the same.

[0042] In this way, pilot symbols with complementary properties can use the same spectrum expansion, and then can be generated or processed based on the same filter, providing support conditions for the receiving end to jointly process pilot symbols with complementary properties.

[0043] In one possible design, at least two pilot symbols are located within a time domain window (TDW); filters used to generate multiple pilot symbols within the TDW are the same, and / or bandwidth extension factors used to generate multiple pilot symbols within the TDW are the same.

[0044] In this way, the pilot symbols in the TDW can be generated or processed based on the same filter, providing support conditions for the receiving end to jointly process the pilot symbols in the TDW.

[0045] In one possible design, the filter used to generate the pilot symbol is the same as the filter used to generate the first data symbol; and / or the bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the pilot symbol is the same as the bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0046] In this way, pilot symbols and data symbols can be generated or processed based on the same filter without distinguishing between pilot symbols and data symbols, thereby enabling transparent transmission and reducing the complexity of signal processing.

[0047] In a second aspect, a pilot transmission method is provided, which can be performed by a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "second communication device" in this application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, a terminal device, a network device), or a component in the second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes: obtaining a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes at least two pilot symbols, the at least two pilot symbols are generated based on a first sequence pair, the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length; channel estimation is performed on the at least two pilot symbols.

[0048] In the above scheme, the pilot symbol received by the second communication device is generated based on the first sequence pair, so all channels where the data symbols are located can be effectively estimated without increasing additional channel estimation overhead, thus taking into account both the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation.

[0049] In one possible design, performing joint channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols may be performing joint channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols, or performing joint processing on at least two pilot symbols.

[0050] In one possible design, the first sequence pair is a Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0051] In one possible design, the first sequence pair is a binary Golay complementary sequence pair.

[0052] In one possible design, the second communication device is a network device, and the second communication device can also send first information, where the first information indicates a first length.

[0053] In this way, the receiving end of the first information (such as the first communication device) can directly determine the first length based on the first information, thereby reducing the complexity of the first communication device in determining the first length.

[0054] In a possible design, the first information includes a factor set, and the factor set includes at least one of the first factor, the second factor and / or the third factor.

[0055] In one possible design, the first factor, the second factor, the third factor, and the first length satisfy the following relationship:

[0056] N=2 a 10 b 26 c ;

[0057] Among them, N is the first length, a is the first factor, b is the second factor, c is the third factor, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

[0058] In one possible design, the first length is related to a transmission bandwidth of a first data symbol, and the first data symbol and at least two pilot symbols are mapped to the same frequency domain resources.

[0059] In one possible design, the length corresponding to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter can be determined based on the correspondence between the transmission bandwidth, parameters, and length of the data symbol, and the determined length is the first length; wherein the parameters include a roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension, and the first parameter includes the roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0060] In one possible design, the first length may be determined based on a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0061] In one possible design, determining the first length according to a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter may include:

[0062] The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0063] The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , a, b, c are natural numbers.

[0064] In one possible design, the first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M;

[0065] N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0066] N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0067] N is equal to 2 a , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0068] In one possible design, the first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M;

[0069] N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0070] N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0071] N is equal to 2 a , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0072] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned design methods can refer to the beneficial effects of the corresponding designs in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0073] According to a third aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a module or unit or technical means for implementing the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.

[0074] Exemplarily, the device may include:

[0075] A processing module, configured to determine a first length; determine a first sequence pair according to the first length; wherein the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length; generate at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair;

[0076] The transceiver module is used to output at least two pilot symbols.

[0077] According to a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a module or unit or technical means for implementing the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect.

[0078] Exemplarily, the device may include:

[0079] A transceiver module, configured to obtain a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes at least two pilot symbols, the at least two pilot symbols are generated based on a first sequence pair, the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length;

[0080] The processing module is used to perform channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols.

[0081] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect to be executed through a logic circuit or execution code instructions, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect to be executed.

[0082] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program or instruction is stored in the storage medium. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect is executed, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect is executed.

[0083] In the seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect to be executed, or causes the method described in the second aspect or any possible design of the second aspect to be executed.

[0084] The specific designs and beneficial effects of the third to seventh aspects mentioned above can refer to the corresponding designs and beneficial effects in the first to second aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] Figure 1 It is a processing flow chart of DFT-s-OFDM signal;

[0086] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application;

[0087] Figure 3 A flowchart of a pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0088] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of frequency domain cyclic expansion;

[0089] Figure 5 A flowchart of another pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of (joint) channel estimation;

[0091] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0092] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, some technical terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are explained and illustrated below.

[0094] (1) Single carrier and multi-carrier:

[0095] Single carrier means that a serially arranged transmission signal is convolved with a roll-off filter to form a transmission signal; multi-carrier means that the transmission signal is arranged in parallel and formed into a transmission signal by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0096] Exemplarily, the single-carrier waveform may be a single carrier-quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) waveform, and the multi-carrier waveform may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. In addition, the discrete Fourier transformation-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform is almost equivalent to the traditional single-carrier waveform, but it uses a multi-carrier implementation method, so it is easy to be compatible with OFDM, but its essence is still a single-carrier waveform.

[0097] Figure 1 The signal processing flow chart of the transmitter of the network device or the terminal device when the network device and the terminal device communicate using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform.

[0098] like Figure 1As shown, the transmitter modulates the encoded bit stream to obtain a modulated data sequence. The transmitter performs time domain resource mapping on the reference signal sequence and the modulated sequence (i.e., determines the time domain resources for each sequence, such as determining the OFDM symbol carrying each sequence), the reference signal sequence is, for example, at least one of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sequence, a tracking reference signal (TRS) sequence, or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) sequence; performs transform domain coding on the sequence after time domain resource mapping (such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) operation to transform it to the frequency domain; performs subcarrier mapping on the sequence after DFT (such as mapping to a resource element (RE)); performs IFFT on the sequence after subcarrier mapping, and superimposes a cyclic prefix (CP) to obtain a DFT-s-OFDM sequence.

[0099] The receiver's process is the opposite of that of the transmitter. For example, after the receiver obtains the DFT-s-OFDM sequence, it removes the superimposed CP in the sequence and performs operations such as DFT, subcarrier demapping, and IDFT to recover the reference signal sequence, coded bit stream, etc.

[0100] Understandably, Figure 1 The related operations are only used as an example. Optionally, other possible operations may also be included, such as frequency domain spectrum shaping, serial-to-parallel conversion, parallel-to-serial conversion, digital-to-analog-converter (DAC), power amplifier (PA), low noise amplifier (LNA), analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc.

[0101] (2)PAPR:

[0102] The wireless signal is a sine wave with a constantly changing amplitude when observed in the time domain. The amplitude is not constant. The peak amplitude of the signal in one cycle is different from the peak amplitude in other cycles, so the average power and peak power of each cycle are different. In a long period of time, the peak power is the maximum instantaneous power that occurs with a certain probability, usually with a probability of 0.01% (i.e. 10^-4). The ratio of the peak power under this probability to the total average power of the system is the PAPR.

[0103] (3) Gray complementary sequence pair:

[0104] For two sequences of length n, a=(a0, a1, a2,…, a n-1 ) and b=(b0,b1,b2,…,b n-1 ),set up:

[0105]

[0106] If sequence a and sequence b meet the following requirements, then sequence a and sequence b form a Gray complementary sequence pair (or a pair of Gray complementary sequences), a is a Gray complementary sequence, and b is a Gray complementary sequence:

[0107] For any 0 <j<n-1,G a (j)+G b (j) = 0, and when j = 0, G a (j)+G b (j) = 2n.

[0108] In other words, in a Gray complementary sequence pair, the sum of the autocorrelations of the two sequences is 0 when j is not 0, and the sum is 2n when j is 0.

[0109] It can be understood that for sequence a, in addition to sequence b, there may be other sequences that meet the above requirements with sequence a, and for sequence b, in addition to sequence a, there may be other sequences that meet the above requirements with sequence b. Therefore, the number of Golay complementary sequences in a Golay complementary sequence pair may be 2 or more.

[0110] According to the types of elements contained in the Golay complementary sequence, the Golay complementary sequence can be divided into a binary Golay complementary sequence, a quaternary Golay complementary sequence, a multi-element Golay complementary sequence, and the like.

[0111] (4) Roll-off factor: also known as roll-off parameter, roll-off coefficient, etc. The roll-off factor is used to describe the slope of the filter edge. When sending a signal, a spectrum expansion roll-off filter can be used to expand the bandwidth occupied by the symbol to achieve spectrum expansion. After expansion, the bandwidth occupied by the symbol is 1+α times the original bandwidth, so α is the roll-off factor. For example, if the original bandwidth is 10MHz, after frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) with α=0.2, the occupied bandwidth is 12MHz.

[0112] (5) Bandwidth expansion factor: also known as expansion factor, bandwidth expansion coefficient, extended bandwidth, etc. It refers to the ratio of the bandwidth after extension (PRB after extension) to the original bandwidth (PRBs before extension). The bandwidth after extension includes the original bandwidth part and the extended part. For example, if the original bandwidth is 100 REs, and the roll-off filter of spectrum expansion is used to expand 100 REs, the bandwidth after extension is 200 REs, and the bandwidth expansion factor is (100+100) / 100=200%.

[0113] When the filter used by the system matches the extended bandwidth, the roll-off factor and the bandwidth extension factor have the following corresponding relationship: β = 1 + α. That is, the system uses a filter with a roll-off factor of α, and the corresponding extended bandwidth is β = 1 + α. However, in actual situations, the filter does not necessarily strictly match the extended bandwidth, so there are other possible corresponding relationships, such as β = 0.9 + α or β = 1.1 + α. That is, the system uses a filter with a roll-off factor of α, but the corresponding extended bandwidth is 0.9 + α or β = 1.1 + α.

[0114] (6) The "multiple" involved in the embodiments of the present application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, it should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe each object in the embodiments of the present invention, these objects should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish each object from each other.

[0115] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes other steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific manner.

[0116] The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application is explained and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0117] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems, such as new radio (NR) systems, sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems, universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, and other communication systems that will evolve in the future.

[0118] The embodiments of the present application can be applicable to the following scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), multi-site transmission (the same terminal device transmits signals to multiple sites), backhaul scenarios, wireless broadband to the home (wireless to the x, WTTx), device to device (D2D), or other scenarios with high timing requirements or high transmission rate requirements.

[0119] For example, Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applicable to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the communication system may include one or more network devices and one or more terminal devices. The interface between the network device and the terminal device may be a Uu interface (or air interface), and data may be transmitted between the network device and the terminal device via air interface resources.

[0120] Figure 2 The example shows a scenario to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable, namely, eMBB ( Figure 2 Indicated by the solid line), multi-site transmission ( Figure 2 The dashed line ① shows the backhaul scenario. Figure 2 Indicated by the dashed line ②), D2D( Figure 2 It should be understood that Figure 2 The four scenarios shown are only examples and are not limited to these in the embodiments of the present application.

[0121] The network equipment can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB) in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a base station in the sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, etc.; it can also be a module or unit that completes part of the functions of a base station, for example, a centralized unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). The access network equipment can be a macro base station (such as Figure 2 110a), or a micro base station or an indoor station (such as Figure 2 110b), may also be a relay node or a donor node, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the access network device. In the embodiments of the present application, a base station is used as an example of an access network device for description.

[0122] In one possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, and different RAN nodes respectively implement part of the functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU can be set separately, or can also be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU) or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0123] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in an open radio access network (O-RAN or open RAN or ORAN) system, CU may also be called O-CU (open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application takes CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application may be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0124] Terminal devices may also be referred to as terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, for example, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wear, smart transportation, smart city, etc. Terminal devices may be mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal devices.

[0125] The base station and UE can be fixed or movable. The base station and UE can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on the water surface; they can also be deployed on airplanes, balloons, and artificial satellites in the air. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios of the base station and UE.

[0126] Base stations and UEs, base stations and base stations, and UEs and UEs can communicate through authorized spectrum, unauthorized spectrum, or both; they can communicate through spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), spectrum above 6 GHz, or spectrum below 6 GHz and spectrum above 6 GHz. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0127] The communication system and scenario described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present application, the waveform used for communication between the network device and the terminal device may be a single-carrier waveform, or may be a multi-carrier waveform. In the embodiment of the present application, the DFT-s-OFDM waveform is used as an example for description.

[0129] See also Figure 3 , is a pilot transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which can be applied to Figure 2 The method may be executed by a first communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "first communication device" in this application may refer to the first communication device itself (for example, Figure 2 The method may be a network device or terminal device as shown in , or a component in the first communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the first communication device.

[0130] S301, determining a first length;

[0131] There are many ways to determine the first length, including but not limited to the following:

[0132] Method 1: Receive first information from a network device, where the first information indicates a first length; and determine the first length according to the first information.

[0133] It can be understood that when the first communication device is a terminal device, the first communication device can receive the first information from the network device; when the first communication device is a network device, the first communication device can receive the first information from another network device.

[0134] In a possible implementation, the first information may directly indicate the first length, that is, the first information is the value of the first length, such as 512.

[0135] By adopting the above implementation manner, the complexity of determining the first length can be reduced.

[0136] In another possible implementation, the first information indirectly indicates the first length. For example, the first information includes a factor set, and the factor set includes at least one of the first factor, the second factor and / or the third factor; the first communication device determines the first length according to the factor set.

[0137] For the convenience of description, this document uses N to represent the first length, a to represent the first factor, b to represent the second factor, and c to represent the third factor. The values ​​of a, b, and c are all natural numbers.

[0138] In some embodiments, the factor set includes a, b, c, and a, b, c and N satisfy the following relationship: N=2 a 10 b 26 c After receiving the first information, the first communication device can determine the first length according to a, b, and c, that is, 2 a 10 b 26 c .

[0139] In some embodiments, one or more factors among a, b, and c may be fixed values. In this case, the first information may only include the parts of a, b, and c other than the fixed values.

[0140] For example, if c is fixed to 0, the first information may only include a and b.

[0141] For example, if a is fixed to 1, the first information may only include c and b.

[0142] In some embodiments, when the value of any factor among a, b, and c is 0, the first information may not include the factor, or the factor does not exist.

[0143] For example, the factor set includes a, b, a, b and N satisfy the following relationship: N = 2 a 10 b In the 5G communication system, the bandwidth scheduling level is the resource block (RB) level, that is, 12 subcarriers are one RB, so the scheduling bandwidth is an integer multiple of 12. Therefore, c can be set to 0, or there are only two factors, a and b.

[0144] For example, the factor set includes a, a and N satisfy the following relationship: N = 2 a .

[0145] Of course, the above is only an example, and the implementation of the actual factor set is not limited to this.

[0146] By adopting the above implementation manner, the data volume of the first information can be reduced, thereby saving resource overhead.

[0147] Mode 2: The first length is related to a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, wherein the first data symbol and at least two pilot symbols are mapped on the same frequency domain resource.

[0148] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol may refer to the bandwidth before extension (PRBs before extension) or the bandwidth after extension (PRB after extension), without limitation. For ease of description, the transmission bandwidth before extension is taken as an example below.

[0149] For the convenience of description, M is used herein to represent the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol.

[0150] It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the first length is used to determine (or generate) the length of the first sequence pair (see S302), that is, the length of each sequence in the first sequence pair is the first length, and the first sequence pair is used to generate a pilot symbol (see S303), and the pilot symbol is used for channel estimation. Therefore, when determining the first length, the first length can be determined with reference to the bandwidth of the channel to be estimated (that is, the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol).

[0151] In a specific implementation, the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol may be the frequency bandwidth occupied by the first data symbol (for example, 20 MHz), or the number of RBs occupied by the first data symbol (for example, 100 RBs), or the number of subcarriers occupied by the first data symbol (for example, 1200 subcarriers), or the number of resource elements (RE) occupied by the first data symbol (for example, 1200 REs), and so on.

[0152] Method 2 can be implemented in many ways. Two possible examples are given below:

[0153] 1) Determine the first length according to the corresponding relationship among the transmission bandwidth, parameter, and length of the data symbol, wherein the parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension.

[0154] Specifically, according to the correspondence between the transmission bandwidth, parameter, and length of the data symbol, the length corresponding to the transmission bandwidth and the first parameter of the first data symbol is determined, and the determined length is the first length. Among them, the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol. For the roll-off factor and the bandwidth expansion factor, please refer to the relevant definitions in the technical terminology section above, which will not be repeated here.

[0155] Table 1 gives a specific example of the corresponding relationship. A row in Table 1 is a set of transmission bandwidths, roll-off factors, and lengths that correspond to each other.

[0156] Table 1

[0157]

[0158] Of course, in practical applications, the corresponding relationship is not limited to the example given in Table 1.

[0159] For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 960 REs and the roll-off factor is 0.2, the length is not limited to 512; when the transmission bandwidth is 960 REs and the roll-off factor is 1, the length is not limited to 640.

[0160] For example, the corresponding relationship may include only some of the roll-off factors and lengths shown in Table 1; or, the corresponding relationship may also include other roll-off factors or lengths, such as 520, 676, 800, and 832 shown in Table 2. It is understood that Table 2 does not show the value of the roll-off factor.

[0161] Table 2

[0162]

[0163] For example, the table may also be in a form where each column is a set of transmission bandwidths, roll-off factors, and lengths that correspond to each other.

[0164] For example, the representation of the corresponding relationship is not limited to a table, and may also be an array, a text description, etc.

[0165] In a specific implementation, the above correspondence relationship may be specified by a protocol, or pre-configured in the first communication device, or notified to the first communication device by other devices (such as a network device), etc., and this application does not impose any limitation.

[0166] Through the above implementation method, the first terminal device can quickly determine the first length based on the corresponding relationship, which can reduce the complexity of determining the first length while reducing the transmission overhead.

[0167] 2) Determine the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter, wherein the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth expansion factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the first length is: under the constraints of the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter, the PAPR of the pilot symbol is smaller than the PAPR of the first data symbol, and the PAPR of the pilot symbol can reach the optimal (such as the lowest) length.

[0169] For example, the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is 100 RBs = 1200 REs, and the bandwidth expansion factor is 100% (or the roll-off factor is 0), and the first data symbol is transmitted based on the Pi / 2-BPSK mode. Then, in order to prevent the PAPR of the pilot symbol from being higher than the PAPR of the first data symbol and causing the nonlinearity of the pilot symbol to be greater than the data, resulting in channel estimation loss, the PAPR of the pilot symbol needs to be lower than the PAPR of the first data symbol. Since the bandwidth expansion factor of the first data symbol is 100% (that is, the first data symbol actually occupies 100 RBs), the bandwidth expansion factor of the pilot symbol should be greater than or equal to 100% and less than or equal to 170% to ensure that the PAPR of the pilot symbol is not higher than the PAPR of the first data symbol, and when the bandwidth expansion factor of the pilot symbol is 150%, the PAPR of the pilot symbol can reach the optimal (such as the lowest). Among them, 170% and 150% are empirical parameters, and there are other possibilities in practice.

[0170] In a specific implementation, the first coefficient afa can be determined based on the transmission bandwidth, roll-off factor and / or bandwidth expansion factor corresponding to the first data symbol, and then the optimal solution for the first length (i.e., the length of the pilot symbol that can achieve the lowest PAPR) can be solved based on the first coefficient afa.

[0171] Among them, the first coefficient afa is a coefficient for optimizing PAPR (which can be called a PAPR optimization coefficient). The first coefficient afa corresponds to the roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension factor corresponding to the pilot symbol when the PAPR of the pilot symbol is optimal. This means that under the constraints of the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor and / or bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first length obtained based on the first coefficient can make the PAPR of the pilot symbol optimal.

[0172] Optionally, afa may be a proportional coefficient, which may represent the ratio of the total bandwidth length of the pilot symbol after bandwidth expansion to the first length. In a specific implementation, the value of afa may be determined by data simulation. For example, when the bandwidth expansion factor is 100%, afa may be 1 / 2.

[0173] Exemplarily, the first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the first parameter, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient. a 10 b 26 c Specific examples include:

[0174] Determine the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; or,

[0175] The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient.

[0176] In a specific implementation, the first length can be calculated by a formula, for example:

[0177] Length_GCS=min (a,b,c) (abs(Data_Num*Extend_BW*afa-2 a 10 b 26 c ));or,

[0178] Length_GCS=min (a,b,c) (abs(Data_Num*(1+Roll_off)*afa-2 a 10 b 26 c )).

[0179] Wherein, abs represents an absolute value function; Data_Num represents the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol (for example, M in the above text); Extend_BW represents the bandwidth extension factor corresponding to the first data symbol; and Roll_off represents the roll-off factor corresponding to the first data symbol. Num *(1+Roll off ) represents the total bandwidth length of the first data symbol after bandwidth extension.

[0180] The meaning of the above formula is to obtain a first length that can make the PAPR of the pilot symbol reach the optimum (eg, the lowest), and the first length is as close as possible to the total bandwidth length of the first data symbol after bandwidth expansion.

[0181] Based on the above formula, find a, b, and c that minimize the value of Length_GCS, and based on the obtained a, b, and c, get the first length 2 a 10 b 26 c .

[0182] The above design can make the PAPR of the data symbol reach the optimum (eg, the lowest).

[0183] In another possible implementation, the first length is: under the constraints of the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter, the PAPR of the pilot symbol is smaller than the PAPR of the first data symbol, and the first length is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c The maximum length of

[0184] In other words, the PAPR of the pilot symbol is not based on pursuing the best, but the PAPR of the pilot symbol only needs to be less than or equal to the PAPR of the first data symbol. In this case, the length that meets the requirement can be within a range, and the maximum length within the range is selected as the first length.

[0185] In a specific implementation, two afas, such as afa1 and afa2, may be determined based on the PAPR range, corresponding to two extreme values ​​of the PAPR range respectively, and then the value of the first length may be solved based on afa1 and afa.

[0186] Exemplarily, the first length (ie, N) satisfies the following items at the same time:

[0187] 1) N = 2 a 10 b 26 c ;

[0188] 2)N≥abs(Data_Num*Extend_BW*afa1);

[0189] afa1 corresponds to the minimum PAPR of the pilot symbol, that is, under the constraints of the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first length calculated based on afa1 can make the PAPR of the pilot symbol reach (such as the minimum).

[0190] 3)N≤abs(Data_Num*Extend_BW*afa2);

[0191] afa2 corresponds to the PAPR of the first data symbol, that is, under the constraints of the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first length obtained based on afa2 can make the PAPR of the pilot symbol reach the PAPR of the first data symbol.

[0192] 4) Length GCS =min (a,b,c) (abs(Data Num *(1+Roll off )*afa-2 a 10 b 26 c ));

[0193] Among them, Data Num *(1+Roll off ) represents the total bandwidth length of the first data symbol after bandwidth extension, afa corresponds to the actual PAPR of the pilot symbol, Data Num *(1+Rolloff )*afa represents the total bandwidth length of the pilot symbol after bandwidth expansion.

[0194] The meaning of the above four formulas is to find the first length that can make the PAPR of the pilot symbol within a PAPR range, and the first length is as close as possible to the total bandwidth length of the first data symbol after bandwidth expansion.

[0195] The above design can better support channel estimation in a multi-antenna scenario while satisfying the requirement that the PAPR of the pilot symbol is less than the PAPR of the first data symbol. This is because the longer the length of the first sequence pair is, the more options can be provided to multiple antennas for time domain cyclic shift.

[0196] Through the above implementation method, the first terminal device can determine the first length based on the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter, which can reduce the transmission overhead.

[0197] It can be understood that the first length N and the transmission bandwidth M of the first data symbol determined in the embodiment of the present application may be the same or different.

[0198] In some embodiments, the first length N is greater than or equal to a transmission bandwidth M of the first data symbol.

[0199] For example, N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0200] For example, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0201] For example, N is equal to 2 a , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0202] With N equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M. For example, M = 600 REs, the value range of the first length should be [0, 600]. In order to optimize the channel estimation, the length should be as long as possible. According to 2 a 10 b 26 c , the optional lengths around 600 are 512, 520, and 640, as shown in Table 3. Then the maximum value less than or equal to 600 can be selected. Based on this criterion, the first length is 520.

[0203] In some other embodiments, the first length N is less than or equal to a transmission bandwidth M of the first data symbol.

[0204] For example, N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a, b, c are natural numbers; or,

[0205] For example, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , where N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or,

[0206] For example, N is equal to 2 a , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

[0207] With N equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M. For example, M = 600 REs, the value range of the first length should be [600, +∞]. In order to reduce the channel estimation overhead, the length should be as short as possible. According to 2 a 10 b 26 c , the optional lengths around 600 are 512, 520, and 640, as shown in Table 3. Then the minimum value greater than or equal to 600 can be selected. Based on this criterion, the first length is 640.

[0208] Table 3

[0209]

[0210] S302, determining a first sequence pair according to the first length;

[0211] Determining the first sequence pair according to the first length may also be described as: generating the first sequence pair according to the first length.

[0212] Optionally, the first sequence pair is a Golay complementary sequence pair. Further optionally, the first sequence pair is a binary Golay complementary sequence pair. The binary Golay complementary sequence can make the PAPR of the finally generated pilot signal lower.

[0213] The first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length.

[0214] As an example, determining the first sequence pair according to the first length may be generating the first sequence pair based on an identity document (ID) of a user or a cell and the first length.

[0215] The following generates a length of 2 N1 (2 N1 The first sequence pair representing the first length is taken as an example:

[0216] Step 1: Generate C init :

[0217]

[0218] Wherein, Cinit is a random number related to the ID of the user (or cell) and is used to distinguish different users (or cells). Indicates the scrambling ID of the DMRS configured by the high layer; ns indicates the index of the number of time slots in a frame; l indicates the OFDM symbol index in a time slot; It indicates the initial value offset of DMRS ID (0 or 1); SCID is scrambling ID, that is, scrambling codes for different IDs.

[0219] Hereinafter, Cinit=10 is taken as an example.

[0220] Step 2: Change Cinit into binary form to get the generating function:

[0221] Get a binary vector of length N1

[0222] x is The binary matrix of ;

[0223] Generating function:

[0224]

[0225] Step 3: Get the length A Golay complementary sequence pair, taking a Golay complementary sequence pair including two Golay complementary sequences as an example:

[0226] r(2n)=(-1).^f(x);

[0227] r(2n+1)=(-1).^(f(x)+(x:,1)).

[0228] S303, generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair;

[0229] In a possible implementation, if the first length N (i.e., the length of the sequence in the first sequence pair) is less than the transmission bandwidth M, each sequence in the first sequence pair can be extended to the same length as the transmission bandwidth to obtain an extended first sequence pair; and then at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the extended first sequence pair.

[0230] As an example, the sequences in the first sequence pair can be extended in the frequency domain, that is, DFT is performed on any sequence in the first sequence pair; and cyclic extension is performed on any sequence after DFT to extend the length of any sequence after DFT from N to M.

[0231] like Figure 4 As shown, the first sequence pair includes a sequence A of length N. First, DFT is performed on sequence A to obtain a frequency domain sequence a of length N; then sequence a is cyclically extended to obtain a frequency domain sequence a1 of length M. The cyclic extension process is as follows: the last value of the original sequence a with a length of (MN) / 2 is copied to the front of sequence a, and the first value of the original sequence a with a length of (MN) / 2 is copied to the back of sequence a to obtain a frequency domain sequence a1 of length M: a1 = [a(N-(MN) / 2+1), a(N-(MN) / 2+2)…a(N), a(1)…a(N), a(1), a(2)…a(MN / 2)].

[0232] Understandably, Figure 4 This is only an example, and the actual loop extension method is not limited to this.

[0233] As another example, the sequences in the first sequence pair can be extended in the time domain, that is, before performing DFT on any sequence in the first sequence pair, any sequence is padded with zeros, and the number of padded zeros is MN, so as to extend the length of any sequence from N to M.

[0234] The position of the padding zeros may be padding zeros at the beginning of the sequence, padding zeros at the end of the sequence, padding zeros at equal intervals between elements in the sequence, and so on, without limitation.

[0235] For example, for a sequence A of length N, A = [a(1), a(2)…a(N)], sequence A is padded with zeros to obtain a sequence a2 of length M: a2 = [0, 0, 0…0, a(1), a(2)…a(N)] or [a(1), a(2)…a(N), 0, 0…0] or [a(1), 0, a(2), 0…a(N-1), 0, a(N)], etc.

[0236] The first length in S302 is 2. N1 For example, after step 3 above, you can also perform step 4:

[0237] Step 4: If the sequence length (i.e. transmission bandwidth) that needs to be generated is For example Among them C N2is a positive integer, the following formula can be used to expand the sequence N2 times, so that the length of the expanded sequence is

[0238] r'(2n)=a⊙(r(2n)+r(2n+1)) / 2+b⊙(r(2n)+r(2n+1)) / 2;

[0239] r′(2n+1)=a⊙(r(2n)+r(2n+1)) / 2-b⊙(r(2n)+r(2n+1)) / 2;

[0240] Where ⊙ is the Kronecker product, which refers to the operation of matrices of arbitrary size; for example, N2=10, a=[1-1-1 1-1-1-1-1-1], b=[1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 1-1].

[0241] In another possible implementation, if the first length N (i.e., the length of the sequence in the first sequence pair) is greater than the transmission bandwidth M, each sequence in the first sequence pair may be truncated to obtain a truncated first sequence pair; and at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the truncated first sequence pair. Optionally, the length of the truncated sequence is M.

[0242] The truncation method may be to truncate the first (NM) elements of the sequence, or to truncate the last (NM) elements of the sequence, or to truncate (NM) elements from the sequence at equal intervals, etc., without limitation. For example, the first sequence pair includes a sequence A of length N, A = [a(1), a(2), a(3) ... a(N)]. The truncated sequence may be: a1 = [a((NM)+1), a((NM)+2), ... a(N)] or [a(1), a(2), ... a(M)] or [a(1), a(3), a(5) ... a(M)], etc.

[0243] S304. Output at least two pilot symbols.

[0244] Outputting at least two pilot symbols may refer to outputting N pilot symbols to a processing unit (such as a medium radio frequency), or may refer to sending at least two pilot symbols through a carrier, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0245] In the above S301 to S304, the length of the sequence used to generate the pilot symbol (i.e., the first length) is taken into consideration when generating the pilot symbol, and a variety of implementation methods for determining the first length are provided, so that the pilot symbol can be generated based on a sequence pair of appropriate length, so that the bandwidth occupied by the generated pilot symbol matches the bandwidth occupied by the data symbol (e.g., they are consistent), thereby ensuring that the receiving end can effectively estimate all channels that need to be estimated without increasing additional channel estimation overhead, thereby achieving a technical effect of taking into account both the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation.

[0246] In one possible design, the pilot symbols with complementary properties use the same spectrum expansion. Exemplarily, the filters used to generate each of the at least two pilot symbols are the same, and / or the bandwidth expansion factors used to generate each of the at least two pilot symbols are the same.

[0247] In this way, pilot symbols with complementary properties can be generated or processed based on the same filter, providing support conditions for the receiving end to jointly process the pilot symbols with complementary properties.

[0248] In one possible design, pilot symbols in the same time domain window (TDW) use the same spectrum extension. Wherein, TDW is a time block used for (joint) pilot enhancement processing. In other words, the receiving end of the pilot symbol (such as the second communication device) can perform (joint) channel estimation on the pilot symbols in the TDW. There is no uplink and downlink switching in the TDW, and / or, the symbol transmission in the TDW meets the requirements of phase continuity and power continuity.

[0249] Exemplarily, the at least two pilot symbols are located in the first TDW. The filters used to generate the multiple pilot symbols in the first TDW are the same, and / or the bandwidth extension factors used to generate the multiple pilot symbols in the first TDW are the same.

[0250] In this way, the pilot symbols in the TDW can be generated or processed based on the same filter, providing support conditions for the receiving end to jointly process the pilot symbols in the TDW.

[0251] In one possible design, the pilot symbol and the data symbol use the same spectrum extension. Exemplarily, the filter used to generate the at least two pilot symbols is the same as the filter used to generate the first data symbol; and / or, the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the at least two pilot symbols is the same as the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

[0252] In this way, pilot symbols and data symbols can be generated or processed based on the same filter without distinguishing between pilot symbols and data symbols, thereby enabling transparent transmission and reducing the complexity of signal processing.

[0253] The pilot transmission method on the first communication device side is introduced above, and the pilot transmission method on the second communication device side is introduced below.

[0254] See also Figure 5 , the embodiment of the present application also provides a pilot transmission method. The method can be executed by a second communication device. Unless otherwise specified, the "second communication device" in the present application can refer to the second communication device itself (for example, Figure 2 The method may be a network device or terminal device as shown in , or a component in a second communication device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the second communication device. The method includes:

[0255] S501, obtaining a signal to be decoded;

[0256] The signal to be decoded includes at least two pilot symbols, the at least two pilot symbols are generated based on a first sequence pair, the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length.

[0257] For the specific design of the first length, please refer to the previous article Figure 3 The relevant description in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0258] S502: Perform channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols.

[0259] In some embodiments, the second communications device may perform channel estimation on each pilot symbol of the at least two pilot symbols respectively.

[0260] In some other embodiments, the second communications device may perform (joint) channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols.

[0261] For example, see Figure 6 , the specific implementation method of performing (joint) channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols may be as follows:

[0262] 1) The second communication device receives the time domain pilot symbols y1 and y2, which correspond to the pilot symbols x1 and x2 that have traveled through the channel to reach the receiver. The received signal can be expressed as: y1 = h⊙x1+n, y2 = h⊙x2+n, where ⊙ represents circular convolution and n is noise. Noise is subsequently ignored.

[0263] 2) Perform FFT on the time domain pilot symbols y1 and y2 to obtain the frequency domain received signal:

[0264] Y1=FFT(y1)=HX1; Y2=FFT(y2)=HX2;

[0265] Among them, X1 is the frequency domain signal of pilot symbol #1, and X2 is the frequency domain signal of pilot symbol #2. Pilot symbol #1 and pilot symbol #2 are generated by a pair of Gray complementary sequence pairs (the generation process may be filled with 0 or copied, multiplied by a pulse shaping filter, and other operations).

[0266] 3) Multiply Y1 and Y2 by the conjugate of the known signals X1 and X2 and add them:

[0267] X1*Y1+X2*Y1=X1*X1H+X2*X2H=AH;

[0268] Since X1 and X2 are generated by a Gray complementary sequence pair, for any subcarrier in the frequency domain, they have the following properties:

[0269] X1(n)*X1(n)+X2(n)*X2(n)=A(n);

[0270] Where n represents the frequency domain subcarrier index. Generally speaking, if there is no padding or duplication, multiplication by a pulse shaping filter or other operations, for any n, A(n) = 2. However, considering that there may be padding or duplication, multiplication by a pulse shaping filter or other operations, A(n) is not necessarily strictly equal to 2, but the second communication device considers that the coefficient A multiplied by the frequency domain data is the same. That is, for the data signal in TDW, there is a frequency domain received signal:

[0271] Y3=AHX3;

[0272] Therefore, AH obtained by multiplying Y1 and Y2 by the conjugate of the known signals X1 and X2 and adding them can be used to equalize Y3 to obtain the transmitted data signal X3.

[0273] The above 1) to 3) are (joint) channel estimation processes performed based on one Golay complementary sequence pair. In practical applications, it may also be considered that there may be multiple Golay complementary pairs, and (joint) channel estimation is performed based on multiple Golay complementary sequence pairs.

[0274] In the above S501-S502, the pilot symbols received by the second communication device are generated based on the first sequence pair, which can achieve effective estimation of all channels that need to be estimated without increasing additional channel estimation overhead, thus taking into account both the overhead and effectiveness of channel estimation.

[0275] Optionally, the second communication device is a network device, and the first communication device may also send first information to other devices such as the first communication device, where the first information indicates a first length. In this way, the first communication device may determine a sequence pair according to the length indicated by the second communication device, thereby generating a pilot symbol.

[0276] Optionally, the second communication device may also determine the first length. For example:

[0277] Method 1: receiving information from another network device, and determining a first length according to the information;

[0278] Mode 2: determining the first length according to the corresponding relationship among the transmission bandwidth, parameter, and length of the data symbol;

[0279] Method 3: determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter.

[0280] For specific implementation, please refer to the above Figure 3 The relevant implementation methods in the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0281] The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is introduced above in combination with the accompanying drawings, and the device provided by the embodiment of the present application is introduced below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0282] Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device 700, which can be, for example, a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point, or a chip inside a satellite, a base station, a terminal, or an access point. The device 700 includes modules or units or means corresponding to the method steps in the above method embodiment, and the functions or units or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by hardware executing the corresponding software implementation.

[0283] For example, see Figure 7 , the device 700 may include a processing module 701 and a transceiver module 702 .

[0284] When the apparatus 700 is located in the first communication device:

[0285] The processing module 701 is configured to determine a first length; determine a first sequence pair according to the first length; wherein the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length; generate at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair;

[0286] The transceiver module 702 is configured to output at least two pilot symbols.

[0287] When the apparatus 700 is located in the second communication device:

[0288] The transceiver module 702 is configured to obtain a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes at least two pilot symbols, the at least two pilot symbols are generated based on a first sequence pair, the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length;

[0289] The processing module 701 is configured to perform channel estimation on at least two pilot symbols.

[0290] It should be understood that all relevant contents of each step involved in the above method embodiment can be referred to the functional description of the corresponding functional module and will not be repeated here.

[0291] Based on the same technical concept, see Figure 8 , the embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 800, including:

[0292] At least one processor 801; and a communication interface 803 that is communicatively connected to the at least one processor 801; the at least one processor 801 executes instructions stored in the memory 802, so that the device performs the method steps in the above method embodiment through the communication interface 803.

[0293] Optionally, the memory 802 is located outside the device 800.

[0294] Optionally, the apparatus 800 includes the memory 802, the memory 802 is connected to the at least one processor 801, and the memory 802 stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor 801. Figure 8 The dashed lines indicate that memory 802 is optional for device 800 .

[0295] The processor 801 and the memory 802 may be coupled via an interface circuit or may be integrated together, which is not limited here.

[0296] The specific connection medium between the processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 are connected via a bus 804. Figure 8 The connections between the other components are shown in bold lines, which are only for illustration and are not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 8 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0297] The specific connection medium between the processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 are connected via a bus 804. Figure 8 The connections between the other components are shown in bold lines, which are only for illustration and are not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 8 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0298] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or by software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor implemented by reading software code stored in a memory.

[0299] Exemplarily, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0300] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (DirectRambus RAM, DR RAM).

[0301] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0302] It should be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0303] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instruction, which enables the method in the above method embodiment to be executed when the program or instruction runs on a computer.

[0304] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the method in the above method embodiment to be executed.

[0305] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0306] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0307] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0308] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

Claims

1. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that: include: determining a first length; Determine a first sequence pair according to the first length; wherein the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is the first length; generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair; The at least two pilot symbols are output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first sequence pair is a Golay complementary sequence pair.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The determining of the first length comprises: receiving first information from a network device, wherein the first information indicates the first length; The first length is determined according to the first information.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The first information includes a factor set, and the factor set includes at least one of a first factor, a second factor and / or a third factor; The determining the first length according to the first information includes: The first length is determined according to the set of factors.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first factor, the second factor, the third factor and the first length satisfy the following relationship: N＝2 a 10 b 26 c ； Among them, N is the first length, a is the first factor, b is the second factor, c is the third factor, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first length is related to a transmission bandwidth of a first data symbol, and the first data symbol and the at least two pilot symbols are mapped on the same frequency domain resources.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The determining of the first length comprises: According to the correspondence between the transmission bandwidth, parameter, and length of the data symbol, the length corresponding to the transmission bandwidth and the first parameter of the first data symbol is determined, and the determined length is the first length; wherein the parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension, and the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The determining of the first length comprises: The first length is determined according to a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter includes: The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , said a, said b, and said c are natural numbers; or, The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , a, b, and c are natural numbers.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M; N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , wherein N is a maximum integer less than or equal to M, and a, b, and c are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a , and N is a maximum integer less than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair comprises: If N is less than M, each sequence in the first sequence pair is extended to a length that is the same as the transmission bandwidth to obtain an extended first sequence pair; The at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the spread first sequence pair.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The step of extending each sequence in the first sequence pair to a length equal to the transmission bandwidth comprises: Performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on any sequence in the first sequence pair; Cyclic extension is performed on any sequence after DFT, so as to extend the length of any sequence after DFT from the N to the M.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The step of extending each sequence in the first sequence pair to a length equal to the transmission bandwidth comprises: Before performing DFT on any sequence in the first sequence pair, zeros are padded in the any sequence, and the number of padded zeros is MN, so as to extend the length of the any sequence from the N to the M.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The filling of zeros in any of the sequences includes one or more of the following: Filling the header of any of the sequences with zeros; padding any of the sequences with zeros at the end; Zeros are filled evenly between the elements in any of the sequences.

15. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M; N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a, b, and c are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The generating at least two pilot symbols based on the first sequence pair comprises: If N is greater than M, each sequence in the first sequence pair is truncated to obtain a truncated first sequence pair; The at least two pilot symbols are generated based on the truncated first sequence pair.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that: The filters used to generate each pilot symbol in the at least two pilot symbols are the same, and / or the bandwidth extension factors used to generate each pilot symbol in the at least two pilot symbols are the same.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: The at least two pilot symbols are located in a time domain window TDW; the filters used to generate the multiple pilot symbols in the TDW are the same, and / or the bandwidth extension factors used to generate the multiple pilot symbols in the TDW are the same.

19. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that: The filter used to generate the pilot symbol is the same as the filter used to generate the first data symbol; and / or the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the pilot symbol is the same as the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

20. A pilot transmission method, characterized in that: include: Acquire a signal to be decoded; wherein the signal to be decoded includes at least two pilot symbols, the at least two pilot symbols are generated based on a first sequence pair, the first sequence pair includes at least two sequences, and the length of each sequence in the at least two sequences is a first length; Channel estimation is performed on the at least two pilot symbols.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein: The first sequence pair is a Golay complementary sequence pair.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that Also includes: First information is sent, where the first information indicates the first length.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein: The first information includes a factor set, and the factor set includes at least one of a first factor, a second factor and / or a third factor.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein: The first factor, the second factor, the third factor and the first length satisfy the following relationship: N＝2 a 10 b 26 c ； Among them, N is the first length, a is the first factor, b is the second factor, c is the third factor, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

25. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that The first length is related to a transmission bandwidth of a first data symbol, and the first data symbol and the at least two pilot symbols are mapped on the same frequency domain resources.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein: The method further comprises: According to the correspondence between the transmission bandwidth, parameter, and length of the data symbol, the length corresponding to the transmission bandwidth and the first parameter of the first data symbol is determined, and the determined length is the first length; wherein the parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension, and the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein: The method further comprises: The first length is determined according to a transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and a first parameter, where the first parameter includes a roll-off factor and / or a bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein: The determining the first length according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol and the first parameter includes: The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the roll-off factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , said a, said b, and said c are natural numbers; or, The first length is determined according to the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol, the bandwidth extension factor used to generate the first data symbol, the first coefficient afa, and the second coefficient; wherein the second coefficient is 2 a 10 b 26 c , a, b, and c are natural numbers.

29. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that The first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M; N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , wherein N is a maximum integer less than or equal to M, and a, b, and c are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , and N is the largest integer less than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a , and N is a maximum integer less than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

30. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that The first length is N, and the transmission bandwidth of the first data symbol is M; N is equal to 2 a 10 b 26 c , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a, b, and c are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a 10 b , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a and b are natural numbers; or, N is equal to 2 a , and N is the smallest integer greater than or equal to M, and a is a natural number.

31. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a module for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or comprises a module for executing the method according to any one of claims 20 to 30.

32. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is electrically coupled to the processor, and the processor causes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 to be executed through a logic circuit or by executing a code instruction, or causes the method according to any one of claims 20 to 30 to be executed.

33. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program or instruction. When the computer program or instruction is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 is executed, or the method according to any one of claims 20 to 30 is executed.

34. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 to be executed, or cause the method according to any one of claims 20 to 30 to be executed.

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