A blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method

Abstract

This invention provides a blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method, comprising two stages, characterized by the following steps: First stage, the symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication process; Second stage, the IoT receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to transmit the main signal S. p and secondary signal S s Joint demodulation. This invention employs a credit-based incentive mechanism, using the improvement in channel quality and packet error rate of the primary and secondary links as a measure of contribution from both parties, and using this as the basis for updating the credit of each party. Those with higher credit will have a higher probability of being selected as collaborators, which can effectively encourage primary and secondary devices to make their best efforts to contribute during cooperation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of communication network technology, and specifically relates to a cooperative communication method for a blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing scarcity of spectrum resources, coordinating the behavior of different operators to improve resource efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) has become a key issue for future wireless communication networks. Coexisting wireless networks are an emerging cooperative framework between master link devices and relay link devices (RLDs) designed to achieve more efficient spectrum allocation and lower energy consumption. In coexisting wireless networks, the relay link device acts as the interface between the local area network (LAN) and the wide area network (WAN), as well as the controller for bandwidth management and data routing. Research on coexisting wireless networks is still in its early stages, mainly focusing on performance improvements in construction methods and cooperative models. In existing coexisting wireless network frameworks, receivers employ continuous interference cancellation (SIC) algorithms for joint demodulation to achieve a lower bit error rate (BER), which requires trust between the master link device and the relay link device, sharing their respective modulation methods and parameters. Given that the relay link device and the master link device are controlled by different operators without a centralized coordinator, establishing trust between different operators to achieve secure cooperation is very challenging.

[0003] Blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology (DLT), offers a promising solution to the aforementioned trust challenges due to its immutability, traceability, decentralization, and trustlessness, supported by peer-to-peer networks, cryptography, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts. First, blockchain is designed for heterogeneous networks and is fully compatible with symbiotic wireless network scenarios. Second, its chain-like data structure and consensus mechanism ensure the integrity of records, making them accessible and auditable by all collaborators. Furthermore, smart contracts allow for distributed, automated execution of custom tasks, improving trustworthiness by reducing human intervention. However, existing blockchain-based solutions cannot be directly applied to symbiotic wireless networks for the following reasons: First, blockchain is often used as a trust machine or a black box in many applications; the integration details of transaction processes and data interactions are not clearly provided. Second, the impact of different blockchain types on multi-party collaboration scenarios is not adequately considered. Third, there is a lack of methods for evaluating collaborative performance, including spectrum allocation efficiency and quality of service. Therefore, the integration of blockchain and symbiotic wireless networks faces bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication scheme with stronger transaction processing capabilities and more granular access control. The proposed communication scheme is called BCC-SRN. BCC-SRN uses a consortium blockchain (such as Hyperledger Fabric and FISCO BCOS) as the trust anchor for cooperative security. Based on common channel quality indicators such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength (RSSI), or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), it employs a cooperative quality estimation method and a credit-based spectrum allocation mechanism, and is implemented with the support of smart contracts. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] A blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method includes two phases, with the following steps:

[0006] Phase 1: Cooperative Communication Process of Symbiotic Wireless Networks

[0007] S11 cellular receiver CR1 detects the working status of neighboring IoT device IDs and generates a list of idle IDs that can participate in cooperation; CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit score of each idle ID; based on the obtained credit score, CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node; selects the ID with the highest weight and sends a cooperation request, let the ID with the highest weight be ID3 and its auxiliary receiver be IoT receiver IR3, the cooperation request includes the channel quality RSRQ0 information of the main link under this timestamp;

[0008] After receiving CR1's request, the S12 IoT receiver IR3 generates a list containing all requesters and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit scores of all requesters, and then calculates the weight of each requester. IR3 confirms the requester with the highest weight in the list. Let the requester with the highest weight be the cellular receiver CR1. IR3 sends a confirmation message to CR1, indicating that it will cooperate.

[0009] After establishing a cooperative relationship via S13, User Equipment UE1 sends the main signal S. p ID3's reconfigurable smart plane RIS provides signal enhancement and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal. s ;

[0010] The S14 cellular receiver CR1 measures and records the improved channel quality RSRQ1, and publishes the results to all participants in the consortium blockchain; the leaders of each organization will verify the validity of the new block, ensure the correctness of all transactions, and synchronize them to the local blockchain to record changes in the cooperation process;

[0011] In the second phase, the IoT receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to generate the main signal S. p and secondary signal Ss joint mediation

[0012] The S21 cellular receiver CR1 extracts the initial estimate of the main signal from the received signal S using the continuous signal interference cancellation (SIC) method. Calculate the corresponding packet error rate

[0013] S22 cellular receiver cR1 generation certificate prove Including the calculated packet error rate The signal is submitted to the endorsing node for verification, and cR1 sends cooperation information CoInfo0 to IR3. CoInfo0 includes the received signal S and the extracted initial estimate of the main signal.

[0014] After receiving the cooperation information CoInfo0 from the cellular receiver CR1, the S23 IoT receiver IR3 estimates the secondary signal and calculates the estimated value of the secondary signal. Generate the corresponding proof Submitted to the endorsing node for verification, and sends the secondary signal estimate to CR1. Calibration information;

[0015] After receiving calibration information from IoT receiver IR3, S24 cellular receiver CR1 completes the final signal calibration, resulting in a more accurate signal estimate. and the corresponding packet error rate CR1 generates a new proof and submits it again to the endorsing node;

[0016] After the S25 collaboration ended, CR1 sent a request to IR3 to stop RIS services. IR3 confirmed the request and updated its status to be available, ready to accept new requests.

[0017] After step S25, a contribution check for the joint demodulation of CR1 and IR3 is also included: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, the credit of CR1 will increase by a fixed value; conversely, if the packet error rate exceeds a set threshold, indicating that CR1 has failed to effectively support the demodulation of IR3, the credit of CR1 will decrease accordingly.

[0018] based on The chaincode checks whether the packet error rate of the secondary link is lower than a threshold, i.e. If the inspection requirements are met, then S in IR3 is considered acceptable. s The successful demodulation indicates that CR1 has provided valid decoded information as promised, and the credit of CR1, cred_CR1, increases by a fixed value.

[0019] exist and In this case, CR1's credit decreases at a fixed value.

[0020] exist and In this case, the credit scores of CR1 and IR3 remain unchanged;

[0021] based on The chaincode analysis checks whether the PER (Passive Error Rate) of the main chain has improved significantly. The method is as follows:

[0022] if It is then assumed that the information from IR3 is helpful to S. P The calibration increases the reliability of IR3 as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor;

[0025] exist In such cases, IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1, thus reducing the credit of IR3;

[0026]

[0027] for In this case, the IR's credit rating will remain unchanged.

[0028] Furthermore, in S11, the method by which the cellular receiver CR1 calculates the weights of candidate nodes is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, M is a fixed adjustment factor, cred i It is an ID i Credit score, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them, where n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link.

[0031] Furthermore, in S14, the improvement of the main link is evaluated by comparing the channel quality before and after cooperation. The credit score of IR3 changes accordingly based on the change in channel quality. The rules for changing the credit score cred_IR3 of IR3 are as follows:

[0032] if This indicates that the main link has effectively improved channel quality; in this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules:

[0033]

[0034] Where cred_base1 is a fixed adjustment factor. To improve the degree threshold.

[0035] This invention proposes a blockchain-based SRN cooperative communication scheme (BCC-SRN) to address the trust issue in the two phases of SR cooperation. It employs a credit-based incentive mechanism, using improvements in channel quality and packet error rate of the primary and secondary links as a measure of contribution from both parties, and using these as the basis for updating the credit of each party. Those with higher credit have a higher probability of being selected as collaborators. This effectively encourages primary and secondary devices to contribute their utmost during cooperation. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a simple cooperative communication scenario based on SRN.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a large-scale symbiotic wireless network formed by cellular and Internet of Things (IoT) networks;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a collaborative communication scheme based on blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The proposed blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method includes the following basic steps:

[0040] Cellular Receiver 1 (CR1) first probes the operational status of neighboring IDs and generates a list of all available IDs capable of cooperating. CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit scores of these available IDs; based on the obtained credit scores, CR1 calculates the weights of candidate nodes, selects the ID with the highest weight, and sends a cooperation request. Upon receiving CR1's request, Internet of Things Receiver 3 (IR3) generates a local request list and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit scores of all requesters and calculate the weight of each requester. IR3 confirms the requester with the highest weight and sends a confirmation message indicating that cooperation will proceed. Once a cooperative relationship is established, User Equipment 1 (UE1) begins transmitting the main signal, and ID3's reconfigurable smart plane RIS provides signal enhancement. CR1 then measures and records the improved channel quality and broadcasts the results to all participants in the consortium blockchain; the leaders of each organization check the validity of the new block: ensuring the correctness of all transactions and synchronizing them to the local blockchain to record changes during the cooperation process.

[0041] CR1 performs joint demodulation of the signal received from the Reconfigurable Smart Plane (RIS). Using the Signal Interference Cancellation (SIC) method, CR1 extracts a preliminary estimate of the primary signal from the received signal and calculates the corresponding Packet Error Rate (PER). CR1 generates a proof and submits it to the endorsing node for verification. After receiving the cooperation information from CR1, IR3 estimates the secondary signal, calculates the result, generates a corresponding proof, and then submits it to the endorsing node for verification. After receiving the calibration information from IR3, CR1 completes the final signal calibration, obtaining a more accurate signal estimate and the corresponding PER. CR1 generates a new proof and submits it to the endorsing node again. After the cooperation ends, CR1 sends a request to IR3 to stop the RIS service. IR3 confirms the request and updates its status to available, ready to accept new requests.

[0042] 3. In the first phase, the improvement of the main link is evaluated by comparing the channel quality (RSRQ) before and after cooperation.

[0043] If the improvement is significant, IR3's credit score will increase accordingly based on the improved channel quality. In the second phase, the contributions of CR1 and IR3 in the joint demodulation process are reviewed. Specifically: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, CR1's credit score will increase by a fixed value, indicating that CR1 has provided effective decoding information as promised. Conversely, if PER exceeds a set threshold, indicating that CR1 has failed to effectively support IR3's demodulation, CR1's credit score will decrease accordingly. The specific credit adjustment rules will be dynamically adjusted based on the contributions of each participant throughout the cooperation process to ensure that the interests of all parties are reasonably protected in the cooperation.

[0044] The present invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] Figure 1 A simple SRN consisting of a low-power Internet of Things (IoT) and a cellular network is described. The cellular receiver (CR) receives signals from a user equipment (UE) and an IoT device (ID) equipped with a Reference Signal Receiver (RIS) (primary link: UE→CR, secondary link: ID→CR). The IoT receiver (IR) communicates with the CR via a wired connection for information sharing and collaborative demodulation. The communication quality of the primary link can be measured by RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) and packet loss rate (PER). High RSRQ indicates a stable connection between the UE and CR, thus enabling a low packet loss rate without the aid of RIS. Conversely, poor RSRQ indicates an insufficiently good primary link, making a low packet loss rate impossible. In this case, the UE requests cooperation from the ID to improve transmission quality. The ID can then transmit a secondary link-specific signal S... s It is added to the reflected signal.

[0046] Large-scale deployment of this SRN, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this network, numerous IoT devices and their corresponding receivers (IRs) from different operators are deployed around cellular base stations, allowing various IoT sensing applications to operate using the uplink of the cellular network. Simultaneously, cooperation improves uplink quality, thus establishing a symbiotic relationship between the cellular and IoT systems. Since the UE is dynamic, the primary link channel may change, and the symbiotic relationship will adaptively change as well. In this case, the signal from the IoT device should adjust its RIS beam to the target CR according to the primary link requesting cooperation.

[0047] On the receiver side, CR and IR cooperate to demodulate the signal based on the serial interference cancellation (SIC) method, where IR demodulates the signal according to the received signal and the estimated S by CR. P Estimate S s CR based on IR feedback Recalibrate the estimated SP The collaboration process requires additional resource costs. Data sharing relies on mutual trust between the mobile operator's CR and the IoT operator's RIS / IR; their dishonest behavior (delays, tampering, etc.) will lead to joint demodulation failure, as detailed below:

[0048] 1. CR did not fulfill its cooperation obligations honestly. After benefiting from the multipath diversity provided by RIS, CR refused to send data to IR. To conserve resources, resulting in S in IR s Demodulation failed. The contribution of the secondary link was ignored and not rewarded.

[0049] 2. IR did not honestly fulfill its cooperation obligations. (This is from CR's perspective.) With the help of Subsequently, IR refused to provide CR with [information / resources]. Causes inability to calibrate In this case, CR will not share You will receive a reward.

[0050] In a larger, system-wide context, mutual trust should extend to multi-party trust. On the one hand, without behavioral auditing, it's difficult to eliminate dishonest participants. On the other hand, without incentive mechanisms, it's difficult to filter out better cooperative relationships. Integration with blockchain can address these issues, and the following solutions are proposed.

[0051] For example, the cooperation between CR1 and IR3 (e.g.) Figure 1 (As shown in the dashed box in the image), the collaborative process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. The collaboration involves two phases. The procedure for the first phase is as follows:

[0052] 1. CR1 detects the working status of adjacent IDs and maintains a list of idle IDs, such as L. ide =[ID1-ID i Then, CR1 sends a query transaction Query1 = [Ts, L] to the blockchain. ide [SyR_CR1, sig], to request the credit of the idle ID (L cred =[Cred_ID1~Cred_ID i ]), where TS is the timestamp, SyR_CR1 is the symbol rate of CR1, and sig is the signature of CR1.

[0053] 2. According to L cred CR1 calculates the weight list of all candidate devices, and the calculation method is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Where M is a fixed adjustment factor, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them, where n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link. Then, CR1 sends a cooperation request in the form of a transaction to the ID with the highest weight, such as TX. start = [TS, RSRQ0, From = CR1, CoID = IR3, RIS_Start = 1, sig], where RIS_Start is the flag for RIS cooperation, RSRQ0 is the channel quality of the main link at TS, and CoID = IR3 is the auxiliary receiver at ID3. TX start It is broadcast to the network and triggers the chaincode deployed in the endorsing nodes.

[0056] 3. Due to its high credibility, IR3 may receive cooperation requests from multiple main links and maintain a local list for all requesters, such as L. req =[CR1~CR i Then, IR3 issues a query transaction Query2 = [TS, L] for the credits of all requesters. rqe [SyR_IR3, sig], where SyR_IR3 represents the symbol rate of IR3. IR3 also calculates the weight of each requester according to the equation. Assume CR1 has the highest weight W. i IR3 uses transaction TX ack The response to CR1 is in the form of [TS, CoID=CR1, Form=IR3, RIS_Start=1, sig] to confirm the two-way selection. Upon receiving TX... ack The endorsing node changes the state of IR3 to busy (RIS state = 1).

[0057] 4. After establishing a cooperative relationship, UE1 sends the main signal S. p = [x1, x2, ..., x K ID3's RIS provides reflection to enhance the main link and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal. s = [c1, c2, ..., c N The quality of communication after ID3-assisted communication is measured as RSRQ1 (with the help of ID3, CR1 can use the improvement in the quality of the main link channel as RSRQ1).

[0058] In the first phase, improvements to the main link are examined by comparing the signal reception quality measured by CR before and after the cooperation request. The chaincode is obtained from TX... start and Extract RSRQ0 and RSRQ1. If... This indicates that the main link has effectively improved channel quality. In this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules:

[0059]

[0060] Where cred_base1 is a fixed adjustment factor.

[0061] In the second phase, IR3 and CR1 collaborated on S p and S s Joint demodulation. The process is described as follows:

[0062] 1. CR1 receives signal S via reflection from RIS in ID3. Using the SIC method, CR1 obtains an initial estimate. and corresponding Then, CR1 with The proof is generated in the form of [a specific format] and submitted to the endorsing node. Simultaneously, CR1 sends cooperation information to IR3. To estimate S s .

[0063] 2. After receiving CoInfo0, IR3 subtracts from S The secondary signal is estimated as Then, IR3 generates a proof. It then submits this to the endorsing node. Simultaneously, IR3 sends cooperation information to CR1. For calibration

[0064] 3. Upon receiving CoInfo1, CR1 completed... The calibration was performed, and a more accurate estimate was obtained, namely... The corresponding PER is represented as Similarly, CR1 generated the proof. Submit it to the endorsing node

[0065] In the second phase, the contributions of CR1 and IR3 to joint SIC demodulation are examined as follows:

[0066] 1. Based on Chaincode can check whether the packet error rate (PER) of the secondary link is below a threshold. If the inspection requirements are met, then S in IR3 is considered acceptable. s The demodulation was successful, indicating that CR1 has provided valid decoded information as promised. Therefore, CR1's credit will increase by a fixed value, as follows:

[0067] cred_CR1 = cred_CR1 + cred_CR2

[0068] exist and In this case, the credibility of CR will decrease by a fixed value according to the equation, because CR benefits from RIS services but does not help IR with S. s Demodulation

[0069] cred_CR1 = cred_CR1 - cred_CR2

[0070] exist and In this case, the credit scores of CR and IR remain unchanged because they do not benefit each other.

[0071] 2. Based on The chaincode checks whether the PER of the main chain has increased significantly. If It is then assumed that the information from IR3 is helpful to S. P The calibration increases the reliability of IR3 as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor.

[0074] exist In such cases, IR3's credit rating will be reduced because IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1.

[0075]

[0076] for In this case, the IR's credit remains unchanged because its contribution is negligible.

[0077] This invention proposes a blockchain-based SRN cooperative communication scheme (BCC-SRN) to address the trust issue in the two phases of SR cooperation. It employs a credit-based incentive mechanism, using improvements in channel quality and packet error rate of the primary and secondary links as a measure of contribution from both parties, and using these as the basis for updating the credit of each party. Those with higher credit have a higher probability of being selected as collaborators. This effectively encourages primary and secondary devices to contribute their utmost during cooperation.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method, comprising two phases, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Phase 1: Cooperative Communication Process of Symbiotic Wireless Networks The S11 cellular receiver CR1 detects the working status of neighboring IoT device IDs and generates a list of idle IDs that can participate in cooperation; CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit score of each idle ID; based on the obtained credit score, CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node. Select the ID with the highest weight to send the cooperation request. Let the ID with the highest weight be ID3 and its auxiliary receiver be IoT receiver IR3. The cooperation request includes the channel quality RSRQ0 information of the main link under this timestamp. After receiving CR1's request, the S12 IoT receiver IR3 generates a list containing all requesters and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit scores of all requesters, and then calculates the weight of each requester. The requester with the highest weight in the IR3 confirmation list, let's say cellular receiver CR1, is sent a confirmation message by IR3 to CR1, indicating that cooperation will be carried out. After establishing a cooperative relationship via S13, User Equipment UE1 sends the main signal S. p ID3's reconfigurable smart plane RIS provides signal enhancement and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal. s ; The S14 cellular receiver CR1 measures and records the improved channel quality RSRQ1, and publishes the results to all participants in the consortium blockchain; the leaders of each organization will verify the validity of the new block, ensure the correctness of all transactions, and synchronize them to the local blockchain to record changes in the cooperation process; In the second phase, the IoT receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to generate the main signal S. p and secondary signal S s joint mediation The S21 cellular receiver CR1 extracts the initial estimate of the main signal from the received signal S using the continuous signal interference cancellation (SIC) method. Calculate the corresponding packet error rate S22 Cellular Receiver CR1 Generation Certificate prove Including the calculated packet error rate The data is submitted to the endorsing node for verification, and CR1 sends cooperation information CoInfo0 to IR3. CoInfo0 includes the received signal S and the extracted initial estimate of the main signal. After receiving the cooperation information CoInfo0 from the cellular receiver CR1, the S23 IoT receiver IR3 estimates the secondary signal and calculates the estimated value of the secondary signal. Generate the corresponding proof Submitted to the endorsing node for verification, and sends the secondary signal estimate to CR1. Calibration information; After receiving calibration information from IoT receiver IR3, S24 cellular receiver CR1 completes the final signal calibration, resulting in a more accurate signal estimate. and the corresponding packet error rate CR1 generates a new proof and submits it again to the endorsing node; After the S25 collaboration ended, CR1 sent a request to IR3 to stop RIS services. IR3 confirmed the request and updated its status to be available, ready to accept new requests. After step S25, a contribution check for the joint demodulation of CR1 and IR3 is also included: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, the credit of CR1 will increase by a fixed value; conversely, if the packet error rate exceeds a set threshold, indicating that CR1 has failed to effectively support the demodulation of IR3, the credit of CR1 will decrease accordingly. based on The chaincode checks whether the packet error rate of the secondary link is lower than a threshold, i.e. If the inspection requirements are met, then S in IR3 is considered acceptable. s The successful demodulation indicates that CR1 has provided valid decoded information as promised, and the credit of CR1, cred_CR1, increases by a fixed value. exist and In this case, CR1's credit decreases at a fixed value. exist and In this case, the credit scores of CR1 and IR3 remain unchanged; based on The chaincode analysis checks whether the PER (Passive Error Rate) of the main chain has improved significantly. The method is as follows: if It is then assumed that the information from IR3 is helpful to S. P The calibration increases the reliability of IR3 as follows: Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor; exist In such cases, IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1, thus reducing the credit of IR3; for In this case, the IR's credit rating will remain unchanged.

2. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S11, the method by which the cellular receiver CR1 calculates the weights of candidate nodes is as follows: In the formula, M is a fixed adjustment factor, cred i It is an ID i Credit score, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them, where n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link.

3. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S14, the improvement of the main link is evaluated by comparing the channel quality before and after cooperation. The credit score of IR3 changes accordingly based on the change in channel quality. The rules for the change of the credit score cred_IR3 of IR3 are as follows: if This indicates that the main link has effectively improved channel quality; in this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules: Where cred_base1 is a fixed adjustment factor. To improve the degree threshold.

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