Methods, apparatus, and media for determining the evolution of marine normal fault propagation folds.

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and medium for determining the evolution process of folds propagating along marine normal faults, relating to the field of fault seismic assessment. The method includes: determining a seismic profile and its characteristic data based on raw data of a target seafloor area; determining, based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, the basement interface, seafloor surface, multiple stratigraphic interfaces, characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and seafloor surface, and evaluation parameters for each stratigraphic interface within the seismic profile; creating a triangular shear deformation range based on the characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and seafloor surface; and determining the evolution process of folds propagating along normal faults based on the evaluation parameters corresponding to each stratigraphic interface within the triangular shear deformation range. This application, by acquiring high-resolution seismic reflection data, identifies anomalous deformation characteristics during fold growth, which often correspond to fault activity periods or paleoseismic events.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fault seismic evaluation, in particular, to a method and device for determining the evolution process of a marine normal fault propagation fold and a medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Deep fault activity has always been an important research direction of geology, involving regional stress, earthquake occurrence mechanism and geodynamics and other key issues. Normal fault propagation fold is the local bending deformation caused by the upward extension of deep basement fault to the shallow sedimentary layer, which usually represents the recent activity of the fault and should be paid attention to. However, the current research on normal fault propagation fold is still in its infancy, lacking typical examples and staying at the qualitative analysis level. The main reasons include: first, the normal fault propagation fold has a wide horizontal influence range, and it is difficult to conduct comprehensive research by relying on traditional geological means such as outcrop observation and drilling logging; second, the normal fault propagation fold is mostly located in the near-surface, although the existing seismic method can be used for large-scale exploration, the current exploration data mainly focus on deep structure, and the resolution of shallow structure is insufficient, especially in the shallow layer of land, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, the quantitative analysis ability of the whole fold is further limited. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method and device for determining the evolution process of a marine normal fault propagation fold and a medium, which can accurately analyze the changes of the shallow sedimentary layer of the seabed and the relationship between the changes and the fault activity.

[0004] In a first aspect, a method for determining the evolution process of a marine normal fault propagation fold is provided, which can include:

[0005] According to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, a seismic profile and characteristic data of the seismic profile are determined;

[0006] Based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, a basement interface, a seabed surface, a plurality of stratigraphic interfaces, characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, and evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile are determined;

[0007] According to the characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, a triangular shear deformation range is created;

[0008] Based on the evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the triangular shear deformation range, the evolution process of the normal fault propagation fold is determined.

[0009] In a possible implementation, according to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, the seismic profile is determined, which includes:

[0010] The original data of the target seabed area is obtained;

[0011] The original data is denoised, stacked, migrated and gain processed to obtain seismic reflection data;

[0012] The seismic reflection data is analyzed to determine a seismic profile.

[0013] In a possible implementation, according to the feature points corresponding to the basement interface and the seafloor, a triangular shear deformation range is created, including:

[0014] A first boundary is determined based on an upper breakpoint of any fault position of the basement interface and a first inflection point at which the seafloor starts to deform;

[0015] A second boundary is determined based on the upper breakpoint and a second inflection point at which the seafloor ends to deform;

[0016] The triangular shear deformation range is constructed with the upper breakpoint, the first boundary and the second boundary.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the evaluation parameters include a stratigraphic dip angle, a monocline fold amplitude, an upper-plate stratigraphic thickness and a lower-plate stratigraphic thickness.

[0018] In a possible implementation, after determining the normal fault propagation fold evolution process, the method further includes:

[0019] A first curve of a growth index changing over time is constructed; the growth index is determined by the upper-plate stratigraphic thickness and the lower-plate stratigraphic thickness.

[0020] In a possible implementation, after determining the normal fault propagation fold evolution process, the method further includes:

[0021] A second curve of the monocline fold amplitude changing over time is constructed;

[0022] A third curve of the stratigraphic dip angle changing over time is constructed.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0024] According to the first curve, the second curve and the third curve, a fold activity strength of each stratigraphic interface is determined.

[0025] In a second aspect, a device for determining a normal fault propagation fold evolution process of an ocean is provided, which can include:

[0026] A determination unit is configured to determine a seismic profile and feature data of the seismic profile according to original data of a target seafloor region obtained;

[0027] and determining, based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, a basement interface, a sea floor surface, a plurality of stratigraphic interfaces, a feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the sea floor surface, and an evaluation parameter of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile;

[0028] a creating unit configured to create a triangular shearing deformation range according to the feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the sea floor surface;

[0029] The determining unit is further configured to determine a normal fault propagation fold evolution process based on the evaluation parameter of each stratigraphic interface corresponding to the triangular shearing deformation range.

[0030] In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, which includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus;

[0031] The memory is configured to store a computer program.

[0032] The processor is configured to execute the program stored on the memory to implement the method steps of any one of the above first aspect.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, a computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method steps of any one of the above first aspect.

[0034] The present application provides a method for determining a normal fault propagation fold evolution process in a sea area, which includes: determining a seismic profile and characteristic data of the seismic profile according to original data of a target sea floor area; determining a basement interface, a sea floor surface, a plurality of stratigraphic interfaces, a feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the sea floor surface, and an evaluation parameter of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile; creating a triangular shearing deformation range according to the feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the sea floor surface; and determining a normal fault propagation fold evolution process based on the evaluation parameter of each stratigraphic interface corresponding to the triangular shearing deformation range. The present application can efficiently and accurately identify the details of fault activity and propagation in a sea area environment by obtaining high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection data. The scheme combining the triangular shearing range caused by fault propagation with the fold evolution process can not only reveal the propagation mechanism of the normal fault, but also quantitatively analyze the geometric parameters (such as monocline fold amplitude, stratigraphic dip angle, fold width, and upper and lower stratigraphic thicknesses) of stratigraphic deformation in the fault propagation process, and determine the abnormal deformation characteristics in the fold growth process, which often correspond to fault activity stages or paleoseismic events. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the following drawings only show some of the embodiments of the present application, and should not be considered as a limitation to the scope. Other related drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 A system architecture diagram of a method for determining a propagation fold evolution process of a marine normal fault provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 2 A flowchart of the method for determining the propagation fold evolution process of the marine normal fault provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a seismic profile provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a triangular shear deformation range provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a fold growth sequence and activity period determination provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the propagation fold evolution process of the normal fault provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0042] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of a device for determining the propagation fold evolution process of the marine normal fault provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0043] Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] The method for determining the propagation fold evolution process of the marine normal fault provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied in Figure 1 the system architecture shown in the figure, such as Figure 1As shown, the system can include a server and a data acquisition system. The server can be a physical server, a server cluster composed of multiple physical servers or a distributed system, or a cloud server providing cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, content delivery networks (CDN), and basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The detector and the server can be directly or indirectly connected through wired or wireless communication, which is not limited in the present application.

[0046] The data acquisition system is used to obtain the original data of the target seabed area and send the original data to the server.

[0047] The server is used to receive the original data of the target seabed area to execute the method for determining the evolution process of the marine normal fault propagation fold provided in the present application.

[0048] The normal fault propagation fold is a wide deformation tectonic unit induced by deep normal fault activity in the overlying strata. Such folds often occur in loose sedimentary layers, and it is difficult for traditional methods to effectively analyze and process them. The formation and evolution of the fold often reflect the timing and rate changes of fault activity. When the fault activity presents a pulse release of energy, i.e., is associated with paleoearthquake events, the stratum thickness, reflection attribute and geometric parameters of the corresponding layer of the propagation fold will change abnormally.

[0049] Therefore, the present application provides a method for determining the evolution process of the marine normal fault propagation fold to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, which can accurately analyze the changes of the shallow sedimentary layer of the seabed and its relationship with the fault activity.

[0050] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application, and the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0051] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for determining the evolution process of the marine normal fault propagation fold provided in the present application is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 2 As shown, the method can include:

[0052] In step S210, according to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, the seismic profile and the characteristic data of the seismic profile are determined.

[0053] Specifically, the corresponding target seabed area of the sea exploration area is subjected to high-resolution wide-band data acquisition (100-500 Hz) through a data acquisition system to enhance the vertical and lateral resolution of the seismic data and meet the fine imaging requirements for complex structures in the middle and shallow layers. The original data are the original recorded data obtained by emitting seismic waves from a seismic source and receiving them by a receiver (geophone) in the corresponding seismic exploration process of the sea area.

[0054] After that, the original data are subjected to denoising, stacking, migration, gain, etc. to obtain seismic reflection data.

[0055] The seismic reflection data are analyzed and displayed to obtain the seismic profile in the form of an image.

[0056] This mode ensures the continuity and high resolution of seismic events after processing the seismic reflection data, and obtains a clear and interpretable seismic profile, which is a profile that can show the structure of the underground stratum.

[0057] In some embodiments, the original data are processed using a trained data processing model to obtain a seismic profile. The data processing model includes an autoencoder module, a feature recognition module and an imaging module. The autoencoder module can effectively remove random noise in the seismic data; the feature recognition module can be a convolutional neural network module for identifying and enhancing feature data in the original data, such as reflection interfaces and faults.

[0058] The training process of the data processing model is as follows:

[0059] Collect target original data of the sea area;

[0060] Establish a forward model: estimate the underground medium parameters based on the target original data, and calculate the theoretical seismic response using numerical methods (such as finite difference method, finite element method, etc.).

[0061] Generate synthetic data: simulate how the generated seismic waves propagate through the medium and produce a "synthetic" seismic data set similar to the actual observation.

[0062] Residual analysis: compare the simulated synthetic data with the measured data, and calculate the difference (i.e. residual) between them. This is an important indicator of the goodness of the current model.

[0063] Objective function definition: set a mathematical expression (such as least squares error) to quantify the size of the residual and serve as the goal of the optimization process.

[0064] Adjust parameters: adjust the parameters in the underground medium model according to the residual condition using optimization techniques such as gradient descent, genetic algorithm, etc. to make the simulation results closer to the actual observation.

[0065] Iterative improvement: Repeat the forward simulation and parameter tuning steps until the predetermined convergence condition is met (such as the residual being lower than a certain threshold) to obtain a well-trained data processing model.

[0066] Step S220: Based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, determine the basement interface, seabed surface, multiple stratigraphic interfaces, characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and seabed surface, and evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile.

[0067] Specifically, in combination Figure 3 As shown, based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile and the regional stratigraphic framework, multiple stratigraphic interfaces (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) are determined; at the same time, the basement interface and the seabed surface can also be determined. It can be understood that the basement interface refers to the part located below the sedimentary layer, composed of older and harder rocks (such as metamorphic rocks or igneous rocks), which often has a clear interface with the overlying sedimentary layer, and is called the basement interface.

[0068] In some embodiments, when the characteristic data of the seismic profile at the current penetration depth cannot accurately determine the basement interface, multiple seismic reflection data at different penetration depths are nested and compared to ensure that a clear basement interface and a fine shallow sedimentary layer interface (stratigraphic interface) are obtained.

[0069] Subsequently, based on the morphological changes of the interfaces of different strata, the corresponding evaluation parameters were determined.

[0070] Step S230: Determine the range of triangular shear deformation based on the feature points corresponding to the base interface and the seabed surface.

[0071] Among them, the characteristic points of the basement interface include two basement faults, and the upper fault is the end point of the extension of the fault line in the sedimentary layer; the fault line is the straight line where the two basement faults are located; the characteristic points of the seabed surface include the first inflection point where deformation begins and the second inflection point where deformation ends.

[0072] Specifically, in combination Figure 4 As shown, for any fault location at the base interface, the first boundary is determined based on the upper fault point at that fault location and the first inflection point where the seabed begins to deform.

[0073] The second boundary is determined based on the upper breakpoint and the second inflection point where the seabed surface ends its deformation.

[0074] The above breakpoints, the first boundary, and the second boundary are used to construct the triangular shear deformation range.

[0075] In this method, the relative relationship between the fold morphology and the fault location of the basement can be determined by constructing the triangular shear deformation range. In other words, it is possible to determine whether the fold is caused by a basement fault by using the triangular shear deformation range.

[0076] Step S240, based on the evaluation parameters corresponding to each stratigraphic interface in the triangular shear deformation range, determine the propagation and evolution process of the normal fault.

[0077] The evaluation parameters can be understood as parameters of the folds corresponding to each stratigraphic interface, and can specifically include: stratigraphic dip angle, amplitude of monocline fold, ratio of hanging wall stratigraphic thickness and footwall stratigraphic thickness. The above parameters specifically indicate as Figure 4 The monocline fold amplitude is the vertical height difference between the top of the fold (the highest point) and the bottom of the fold (the lowest point), and the mathematical expression is: monocline fold amplitude = elevation of fold top - elevation of fold bottom; the stratigraphic dip angle φ is the angle of the stratigraphic layer relative to the horizontal plane in the triangular shear zone, and the mathematical expression is Where d2 is the monocline fold amplitude, and L is the fold width; the ratio of the hanging wall stratigraphic thickness to the footwall stratigraphic thickness is usually referred to as the growth exponent EI, and the mathematical expression is Where the stratigraphic thickness is the distance between the top and bottom stratigraphic interfaces in the direction perpendicular to the layer, a is the hanging wall stratigraphic thickness, and b is the footwall stratigraphic thickness; the growth exponent is used to quantify the sedimentary difference caused by fault activity.

[0078] The evaluation parameters corresponding to each stratigraphic interface are presented, as shown in Figure 5 for active period determination:

[0079] As shown in Figure 5 The growth exponent has two significant steep increases at stratigraphic interface T4 and stratigraphic interface T2, reflecting that fault activity leads to rapid thickening of the footwall deposition.

[0080] As shown in Figure 5 The monocline fold amplitude starts to decline at stratigraphic interface T4 and stratigraphic interface T2 from a stable state, indicating that the stratigraphic subsidence has significantly increased.

[0081] As shown in Figure 5 The stratigraphic dip angle in the triangular shear zone starts to decline at stratigraphic interface T4 and stratigraphic interface T2 from a stable state, indicating that the stratigraphic subsidence has significantly increased.

[0082] Through the above comprehensive analysis, all the change indicators (growth exponent, monocline fold amplitude, stratigraphic dip angle) can confirm that stratigraphic interface T4 and stratigraphic interface T2 are the fault activation points. However, the present sea floor needs to be considered as a special case, there is no sedimentation above the present sea floor, and it cannot be determined by sedimentation indicators. The monocline fold amplitude and stratigraphic dip angle in the triangular shear zone can be determined to be non-zero values to determine that there is fault activation after the formation of the present sea floor.

[0083] Based on the above judgment result, there are three periods of fault activation in this embodiment, which are located at stratigraphic interface T4, stratigraphic interface T2 and the sea floor.

[0084] The evolution process of the normal fault-propagation fold can include:

[0085] In combination with Figure 6 (a) shown, in the initial stage, before the normal fault-propagation fold is formed, T4 is the sea floor surface, and is in a non-folded form (static stage); then, in combination with Figure 6 (b) shown, the first stage of normal fault-propagation fold formation, the amplitude of the monocline fold is 18.2 m; at this time, the vertical displacement of the basement interface is also 18.2 m. In combination with Figure 6 (c) shown, after a certain period of time, T2 is the sea floor surface, and is in a non-folded form (static stage 1); then, in combination with Figure 6 (d) shown, the second stage of normal fault-propagation fold formation, the amplitude of the monocline fold is 20.9 m; at this time, the vertical displacement of the basement interface is 39.1 m, wherein 39.1 m is the sum of 18.2 m and 20.9 m; in combination with Figure 6 (e) shown, after a certain period of time, T1 is the sea floor surface developed to form the present, and is in a non-folded form (static stage 2); then, in combination with Figure 6 (f) shown, the third stage of normal fault-propagation fold formation, the amplitude of the monocline fold is 20.8 m; at this time, the vertical displacement of the basement interface is 59.9 m, wherein 59.9 m is the sum of 18.2 m, 20.9 m and 20.8 m.

[0086] Further, the indirect identification of paleo-seismic events is determined by the relationship between the evaluation parameters (amplitude of monocline fold) corresponding to each stratigraphic interface in the range of triangular shear deformation and the vertical displacement. In this embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the vertical displacement difference of the monocline fold of the stratigraphic interface T5 is 59.9 m, which is the sum of the displacement differences caused by three stages of fault activity: 18.2 m, 20.9 m and 20.8 m. This means that all the displacement space is caused by the three short-term fault activities, and there is no syndepositional sliding, which often corresponds to the long-term accumulation and sudden release of stress in seismic activity.

[0087] In this way, since the traditional identification of paleo-earthquake events mainly relies on: 1. Direct identification of seismic instantaneous products such as brittle fracture layer, liquefied sand vein, and angular breccia layer in the drilling core; 2. Large-scale inference on the time sequence of specific fault activity period by combining dating and stratigraphy. However, due to the limitation of submarine conditions and the fine complexity of small-scale fold structures in the sea area, core data is not easy to obtain and the cost is too high. The traditional method is expensive, and the drilling hole distance is far apart, the horizontal resolution is low, which can easily lead to blank areas and accuracy deviation of information collection. Moreover, in a complex marine environment, the operability of many traditional methods is extremely poor, and the cost is multiplied compared to land. Therefore, the indirect identification method of paleo-earthquake events provided by the present application can avoid the occurrence of the above problems.

[0088] In verifying the identification result of the indirect identification of paleo-earthquake events, the identification result is compared and verified with the known earthquake events in the target submarine area, limited drilling data, isotope dating and paleoenvironment analysis results, so that the accuracy of the identification result of the indirect identification of paleo-earthquake events of the present application can meet the expected requirements.

[0089] In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the fracture of the basement interface and the fold deformation of the overlying sedimentary layer, it is found that the vertical displacement of about 20m (18.2m, 20.9m and 20.8m) of the submarine caused by the sliding of the fracture of the basement interface is absorbed by the submarine gentle slope which is tens of kilometers wide (the vertical displacement of 20.8m corresponds to 10km in Figure 4 ). This dispersed deformation makes it difficult to detect local structural deformation, and it is difficult for traditional methods to accurately determine the latest activity in the corresponding stratum. However, using large-scale high-precision seismic reflection methods can identify this deformation phenomenon on a macro level and establish a reliable quantitative and qualitative analysis relationship with deep fault activity, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and operability of identifying the latest activity of the fault.

[0090] This method can accurately determine the activity time sequence of the small-scale normal fault propagation fold in the sea area, and provide high-precision evidence for the identification of paleo-earthquakes and tectonic evolution analysis based on the triangular shear deformation range. Through high-resolution seismic data processing and multi-parameter quantitative analysis, the activity history of the small-scale normal fault propagation fold in the sea area is finely decomposed, and the activity period is quantitatively divided and the paleo-earthquake event is indirectly identified. This method has high standardization and strong repeatability, and can obtain reliable tectonic activity time sequence information in the marine environment lacking direct drilling evidence, thereby providing strong support for regional tectonic research, disaster prevention and exploration deployment.

[0091] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5 , a first curve of growth index changing with time is constructed; wherein the growth index is the ratio of the thickness of the footwall stratum to the thickness of the hanging wall stratum.

[0092] A second curve of the monocline fold amplitude changing with time is constructed. According to the second curve, a plurality of tectonic growth stages can be divided, and a segment with a significantly increased growth rate can be regarded as an indirect recording period of tectonic activity strengthening or a seismic event.

[0093] A third curve of the stratum dip angle changing with time is constructed.

[0094] Then, according to the first curve, the second curve and the third curve, the fold activity intensity of each stratum interface is determined.

[0095] The determination process of the fold activity intensity can be that the greater the slope of a straight line segment in the second curve, the greater the fold activity intensity corresponding to the straight line segment. Similarly, the greater the slope of a straight line segment in the third curve, the greater the fold activity intensity corresponding to the straight line segment.

[0096] In summary, the present application uses the means of combining high-resolution seismic reflection data and geological structure model to determine the activity period of the fault in the sea environment. The main points are as follows:

[0097] 1. Compared with the erosion and human damage on land, the seawater plays a certain degree of “protection” on the sediments, so that the submarine sediments can record the geological history, including the evolution process of the fault tectonic activity, more completely;

[0098] 2. The shipborne marine seismic reflection data acquisition is an efficient and low-cost exploration means, which is suitable for large-scale marine exploration;

[0099] 3. Especially in the detection of the shallow strata, the signal-to-noise ratio of the marine seismic data is significantly higher than that of the land seismic data. With the continuous development of the high-resolution seismic reflection data and the shallow strata profile technology in the sea area, the vertical resolution of meters, sub-meters and even centimeters has become possible;

[0100] 4. The introduction of the geological structure model makes the analysis process more scientific and helps to realize the process application.

[0101] The present application can efficiently and accurately identify the details of the fault activity and propagation in the sea environment by obtaining high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection data. The high-resolution wide-band data (such as 100-500Hz) can ensure a certain stratum penetration, so that the seismic profile can display more details, including the subtle fold shape and stratum deformation characteristics. The high-resolution data can more accurately locate and calibrate the key stratum interface and normal fault propagation fold, avoiding the problem of insufficient sample representation in the traditional method. This method directly improves the accuracy and reliability of the fault activity period identification. Compared with the traditional method which depends on the drilling, the present application can provide high-precision fault activity analysis results in a wider spatial range.

[0102] Traditional means (such as geological drilling, local logging data) have high vertical resolution and intuitive observation, but cannot comprehensively capture the dynamic evolution process of the fold in the fault propagation process, which makes the traditional means often use other one-sided indicators to explain the fault activity period, and have to simplify the fault propagation process or not pay enough attention to the fold evolution. The present application provides a scheme combining the triangular shear deformation range caused by fault propagation and the fold evolution process; not only can reveal the propagation mechanism of the normal fault, but also can quantitatively analyze the geometric parameters (such as monocline fold amplitude, stratum dip angle, fold width, and upper plate stratum thickness and lower plate stratum thickness) of the stratum deformation in the fault propagation process, and determine the abnormal deformation characteristics in the fold growth process, which often correspond to the fault activity period or paleoseismic event. The propagation process of the normal fault can be accurately simulated, and a scientific basis for determining the activity period is provided. The dynamic evolution process of the triangular shear deformation range can be used to more scientifically explain the relationship between the fold and the fault, and it is a set of systematic and comprehensive presentation of the fault activity evolution process, so as to realize more accurate activity period division.

[0103] Corresponding to the above method, the present application also provides a device for determining the normal fault propagation fold evolution process of the sea, as shown in Figure 7 , the device comprises:

[0104] A determination unit 710 is configured to determine a seismic profile and characteristic data of the seismic profile according to the obtained multi-channel seismic reflection data of the target sea bottom area;

[0105] and determine the basement interface, the sea bottom surface, the plurality of stratum interfaces, the feature points corresponding to the basement interface and the sea bottom surface, and the evaluation parameters of each stratum interface in the seismic profile based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile;

[0106] A creation unit 720 is configured to create a triangular shear deformation range according to the feature points corresponding to the basement interface and the sea bottom surface;

[0107] The determination unit 710 is further configured to determine the normal fault propagation fold evolution process based on the evaluation parameters of each stratum interface in the triangular shear deformation range.

[0108] The functions of each functional unit of the device for determining the normal fault propagation fold evolution process of the sea provided in the above embodiments of the present application can be realized through the above method steps, therefore, the specific working process and beneficial effects of each unit in the device for determining the normal fault propagation fold evolution process of the sea provided in the embodiments of the present application are not repeated here.

[0109] The present application also provides an electronic device, as shown in Figure 8As shown, the electronic device includes a processor 810, a communication interface 820, a memory 830 and a communication bus 840, wherein the processor 810, the communication interface 820 and the memory 830 communicate with each other through the communication bus 840.

[0110] The memory 830 is configured to store a computer program.

[0111] The processor 810 is configured to execute the program stored in the memory 530 to implement the following steps.

[0112] According to the obtained multi-channel seismic reflection data of the target seabed area, a seismic profile and characteristic data of the seismic profile are determined.

[0113] Based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, a basement interface, a seabed surface, a plurality of stratigraphic interfaces, a feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, and an evaluation parameter of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile are determined.

[0114] According to the feature point corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, a triangular shear deformation range is created.

[0115] Based on the evaluation parameter corresponding to each stratigraphic interface in the triangular shear deformation range, a normal fault propagation fold evolution process is determined.

[0116] The above-mentioned communication bus can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The communication bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For the convenience of representation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0117] The communication interface is configured to communicate between the electronic device and other devices.

[0118] The memory can include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and can also include a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk memory. Optionally, the memory can also be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor.

[0119] The processor described above can be a general processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component.

[0120] The implementation manners and beneficial effects of the electronic device in the above embodiments can be achieved by referring to the implementation manners of each step in the above embodiments, and thus, the specific working process and beneficial effects of the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application are not repeated here. Figure 2 The implementation manners and beneficial effects of the electronic device in the above embodiments can be achieved by referring to the implementation manners of each step in the above embodiments, and thus, the specific working process and beneficial effects of the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present application are not repeated here.

[0121] In another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, and the computer readable storage medium stores instructions, when the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method for determining the propagation fold evolution process of an oceanic normal fault provided in any one of the above embodiments.

[0122] In another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, when the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method for determining the propagation fold evolution process of an oceanic normal fault provided in any one of the above embodiments.

[0123] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments in the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system or a computer program product. Therefore, the embodiments in the present application can be in the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the embodiments in the present application can be in the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program codes.

[0124] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks.

[0125] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks.

[0126] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks.

[0127] Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present application shall have the ordinary meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains. The words "first", "second", and similar words of degree express quantity or importance, and are only used to distinguish one element from another, and not to imply or indicate a sequence or importance of the elements. The words "include", "contain", and similar words of degree mean encompassing the components or objects listed after the words, and their equivalents, and do not exclude other components or objects. The words "connect", "couple", and "link" and similar words do not mean only physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The words "up", "down", "left", "right", and similar words are only used to express relative positional relationships, and when the absolute positions of the described objects are changed, the relative positional relationships can also be changed accordingly.

[0128] While the preferred embodiments in the application have been described, additional modifications and changes can occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic creative principles contained herein. Therefore, the present embodiments are to be regarded as including all modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the present embodiments.

[0129] Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the embodiments in the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the embodiments in the present application, the embodiments can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A method of determining the evolution of a propagating fold process in a normal fault at sea, characterized in that, The method comprises: According to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, the seismic profile and the characteristic data of the seismic profile are determined, the original data is 100-500Hz high-resolution wide-band multi-channel seismic reflection data; the seismic profile is obtained by nested comparison display of seismic reflection data of multiple different penetration depths; Based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, the basement interface, the seabed surface, multiple stratigraphic interfaces, the characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, and the evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile are determined; the evaluation parameters include stratigraphic dip angle, monocline amplitude, hanging wall stratigraphic thickness and footwall stratigraphic thickness; Based on the upper breakpoint of any fault position of the basement interface and the first inflection point where the seabed surface starts to deform, the first boundary is determined; Based on the upper breakpoint and the second inflection point where the seabed surface ends to deform, the second boundary is determined; With the upper breakpoint, the first boundary and the second boundary, a triangular shear deformation range is constructed; Based on the evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the triangular shear deformation range, the evolution process of normal fault propagation fold is determined; The method further comprises: A first curve of growth index changing with time is constructed; the growth index is determined by the hanging wall stratigraphic thickness and the footwall stratigraphic thickness; A second curve of monocline amplitude changing with time is constructed; A third curve of stratigraphic dip angle changing with time is constructed; based on the first curve, the second curve and the third curve, the fault activity period and the static period are determined; Based on the fault activity period and the static period, in combination with the equivalent relationship between monocline amplitude and basement vertical throw, a paleoearthquake event is indirectly identified to determine the evolution process of normal fault propagation fold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, According to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, the seismic profile is determined, comprising: Obtaining the original data of the target seabed area; Performing denoising, stacking, migration and gain processing on the original data to obtain seismic reflection data; Performing analysis on the seismic reflection data to determine the seismic profile.

3. An apparatus for determining the evolution of a propagating fold process of a normal marine fault, characterized in that The device comprises: A determination unit is configured to determine, according to the obtained original data of the target seabed area, a seismic profile and characteristic data of the seismic profile; the original data is 100-500Hz high-resolution wide-band multi-channel seismic reflection data; the seismic profile is obtained by nested comparison display of seismic reflection data of multiple different penetration depths; and, based on the characteristic data of the seismic profile, determine the basement interface, the seabed surface, multiple stratigraphic interfaces, the characteristic points corresponding to the basement interface and the seabed surface, and the evaluation parameters of each stratigraphic interface in the seismic profile; the evaluation parameters include stratigraphic dip angle, monocline amplitude, hanging wall stratigraphic thickness and footwall stratigraphic thickness; A creation unit is configured to determine, based on the upper breakpoint of any fault position of the basement interface and the first inflection point where the seabed surface starts to deform, the first boundary; based on the upper breakpoint and the second inflection point where the seabed surface ends to deform, the second boundary is determined; with the upper breakpoint, the first boundary and the second boundary, a triangular shear deformation range is constructed; The determination unit is further configured to determine the propagation and folding evolution process of the normal fault based on evaluation parameters corresponding to interfaces of each stratum in the triangular shearing deformation range. constructing a first curve of a growth index varying with time, the growth index being determined by the hanging wall stratum thickness and the foot wall stratum thickness; constructing a second curve of the monocline fold amplitude varying with time; constructing a third curve of the stratum dip varying with time; determining a fault activity period and a static period based on the first curve, the second curve and the third curve; based on the fault activity period and the static period, and in combination with an equivalent relationship between the monocline fold amplitude and the vertical fault separation of the basement, indirectly identifying a paleo-seismic event to determine the propagation and folding evolution process of the normal fault.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the method steps in any of claims 1-2.

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