Tunnel model experiment system and method for simulating fault dip-slip and strike-slip effects

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel model experiment system and method for simulating fault dip-slip and strike-slip effects, can more truly restore the dynamic response of a tunnel crossing an active fault under the action of a strong earthquake and the action of an earthquake under faulting, can simulate faults with different faulting mechanisms, can simulate the properties of faults with strike-slip faulting (left rotation or right rotation) and dip-slip faulting (normal fault or reverse fault) at the same time, and solves the problem that a current traditional shaking table model box cannot simultaneously simulate different strike-slip faulting types and different dip-slip faulting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel model experiment technology, specifically to a tunnel model experiment system and method for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects. Background Technology

[0002] Fault zones are widely distributed in high-seismic-intensity areas of western my country. With the increasing demand for basic transportation infrastructure construction, many extra-long highway or railway tunnels inevitably cross active fault zones during route planning. This poses a greater challenge to the safety of tunnels crossing fault zones during operation, and also places higher demands on improving the seismic resistance of major national strategic infrastructure crossing active fault zones. Tunnels, as underground structures, were once considered to have superior seismic performance. However, several major earthquakes, such as the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (magnitude 7.6 in Taiwan), the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude 8.0 in China), and the 2022 Menyuan earthquake (magnitude 6.9 in China), have all resulted in severe faulting and damage to tunnels crossing fault zones, seriously threatening the safety of life and property along operating lines. Therefore, research on the seismic performance and damage mechanisms of tunnels crossing fault zones has become an extremely important research topic.

[0003] In seismic studies of tunnel engineering, earthquake simulation shaking tables are often used to study the dynamic response and progressive failure mechanisms of tunnel structures. Based on design drawings, a prototype of an actual operating tunnel is scaled down according to a certain geometric similarity ratio, and a similar model is fabricated using specific similar materials and placed on the shaking table. Seismic waves are input to excite the tunnel, and the response patterns and progressive failure phenomena are monitored during the process. Commonly used model boxes in shaking table experiments include rigid model boxes, flexible model boxes, and inter-story shear model boxes, which are used to simulate the stress and deformation of structures during earthquakes. Rigid model boxes are experimental model boxes typically made of rigid materials (such as steel and aluminum). The box body has high strength and stiffness, but it cannot simulate the interlayer shear deformation of soil. When stacking physical models, a polystyrene foam board of about 10cm is often laid on the inside of the long side plate to reduce the boundary effect and make the data more effective. Flexible model boxes allow the structure to undergo elastic deformation, which can more realistically simulate the response of the structure under seismic vibration. By measuring the displacement and strain at various points in the model box, the deformation distribution and stress concentration of the structure can be understood, thereby assessing the deformation capacity and failure mechanism of the structure. Interlayer shear model boxes use connecting devices between layers that can move relatively, which can simulate the shear deformation behavior of soil during vibration. However, since the layered connecting device is a whole, it is difficult to simulate situations such as the displacement of tunnels across faults.

[0004] These model boxes have played an important role in seismic shaking table tests, but none of them can simulate the actual working conditions of tunnels crossing dip-slip faults (normal or reverse faults) with simultaneous strike-slip (left-hand or right-hand) slippage. They also do not consider simulating different fault dip angles or different slippage velocities. Therefore, they cannot accurately reproduce the real situation of tunnels crossing faults under different fault angles, different slippage velocities, and simultaneous strike-slip (left-hand or right-hand) and dip-slip (normal or reverse fault) conditions. With the deepening and refinement of seismic research on tunnel structures, the ability to accurately reproduce the stress environment of tunnels is of great significance. The development of a model box test system capable of achieving the above functions remains a gap.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a tunnel model test system and method that can simulate the properties of both strike-slip faulting (left-handed or right-handed) and dip-slip faulting (normal or reverse faulting), and can realize variable angles and faulting velocities of the fault plane. This will provide a strong experimental foundation for the study of dynamic response and progressive failure mechanism of cross-fault tunnel structures, as well as the construction of a rapid post-earthquake repair and prevention system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to at least overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a tunnel model experimental system and method for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects, including an upper hanging model box system, a fault dip angle adjustment system, a lower hanging model box system, a model box base plate, and a system control console;

[0008] The upper plate model box system includes an upper plate box base plate, upper plate box side plates, an upper plate transverse connecting rod, a sliding misalignment power device, and a tilting misalignment power device. The upper plate box base plate is slidably connected to the model box base plate via a slide rail. The sliding misalignment power device is fixed on the model box base plate, and its output end is connected to the upper plate box base plate via a horizontal lead screw connecting plate, driving the upper plate model box system to move horizontally. The tilting misalignment power device is located on the outside of the upper plate box side plates, and its output end is connected to the upper plate box side plates, driving the upper plate model box system to move in an inclined direction.

[0009] The fault dip angle adjustment system includes a bottom limiting plate of the fault plane, a top limiting plate of the fault plane, and a pair of fault plane dip angle adjustment plates; the bottom limiting plate and the top limiting plate of the fault plane divide the model box into an upper plate and a lower plate; the fault plane dip angle adjustment plates are provided with a fault plane dip angle limiting groove and a dip angle limiter for adjusting and fixing the fault plane dip angle.

[0010] The lower plate model box system is fixed to the bottom plate of the model box and includes the lower plate box bottom plate, the lower plate box side plate and the lower plate transverse connecting rod;

[0011] The system control console is electrically connected to the slip-slip motion power device and the tilt-slip motion power device, and is used to control the slip direction and speed.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the sliding motion power device includes a geared motor and a horizontal screw jack; the geared motor drives the horizontal screw jack to drive the upper platen model box system to perform horizontal sliding motion through the horizontal screw connecting plate.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the tilting and sliding power device includes a geared motor, a vertical screw jack, and a reaction support plate; the reaction support plate is fixed to the bottom plate of the model box, the base of the vertical screw jack is hinged to the reaction support plate, the end of its jack connecting rod is connected to the side plate limiting hole on the side plate of the upper plate box, and the vertical screw jack can be adjusted along the reaction support plate at an angle that is consistent with the fault dip angle set by the fault dip angle adjustment system.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the upper plate model box system further includes an upper plate box rotation limiting plate, on which an upper plate box limiter is provided for cooperating with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the lower plate model box system further includes a lower plate box rotation limiting plate, which is provided with a lower plate box rotation limiter for cooperating with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an experimental method for simulating fault dip-slip and strike-slip effects in a tunnel model, including:

[0017] Based on the research objectives, the fault slip mechanism, fault dip angle, slip distance, and slip velocity are determined. The fault slip mechanism includes left-lateral strike-slip slip, right-lateral strike-slip slip, normal fault dip-slip slip, reverse fault dip-slip slip, and combinations thereof.

[0018] Based on the determined fault dip angle, the angles of the bottom limiting plate and the top limiting plate of the fault plane are adjusted by the fault dip angle adjustment system and fixed by the dip angle limiter;

[0019] Within the upper and lower model box systems, surrounding rock-like and fault-like materials are laid in layers, and a tunnel scale model is placed at the design height, with monitoring sensors installed.

[0020] The test system was installed on an earthquake simulation shaking table, and the shaking table was turned on to apply an earthquake.

[0021] The system control console controls the strike-slip faulting power device and / or the tilt-slip faulting power device to cause the upper plate model box system to shift relative to the lower plate model box system according to a predetermined shift direction, speed and distance, simulating the fault strike-slip and tilt-slip coupling effect;

[0022] The monitoring data collected during the experiment were analyzed to assess the structural dynamic response of the cross-fault tunnel under the combined effects of earthquake and dislocation.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. It can more realistically reproduce the dynamic response of tunnels crossing active faults under strong earthquakes, and can simulate faults with different fault movement mechanisms. It can simulate the properties of faults that simultaneously have strike-slip fault movement (left-hand or right-hand) and dip-slip fault movement (normal or reverse fault), which solves the problem that current traditional shaking table model boxes cannot simultaneously simulate different strike-slip fault movement types and different dip-slip fault movement.

[0025] 2. The model box control console system can control the speed, distance, and tilt angle of the slip and tilt slip movements. The maximum slip distance is 10cm, which can be infinitely adjusted from 0 to 10cm. The tilt angle of the fault plane is 45°-90°, and the data can be displayed in real time on the control panel. This facilitates the adjustment of data and control of the experiment by the experimenters, and helps them to control the experiment to the greatest extent, thereby improving the accuracy and authenticity of the experiment.

[0026] 3. It can couple more fault displacement variables, greatly increasing the applicability of the same model box system. It can simulate faults with different displacement mechanisms, providing more reliable technical support for the study of seismic damage mechanisms and seismic mitigation measures for tunnels crossing active faults under strong earthquakes. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a side view of the model box in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the upper plate model box system;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the lower plate model box system;

[0033] Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a fault dip adjustment system;

[0034] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support frame for the model box system.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting device;

[0036] Figure 9 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tilting and sliding motion dynamic device;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding motion power device.

[0038] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0039] 1-Upper plate model box system, 11-Sliding and misalignment power device, 111-Geared motor, 112-Horizontal screw jack, 113-Horizontal screw connecting plate, 12-Tilting and misalignment power device, 121-Geared motor, 1221-Lifting machine connecting rod, 122-Vertical screw jack, 123-Reaction support plate, 13-Upper plate box side plate, 131-Side plate limiting hole, 14-Upper plate transverse connecting rod, 15-Upper plate box rotation limiting plate, 151-Upper plate box limiter, 16-Upper plate model box bottom plate, 17-Slide rail, 2-Fault dip angle adjustment system 21-Bottom limit plate of cross-section, 22-Top limit plate of cross-section, 23-Inclination adjustment plate of cross-section, 231-Inclination limit groove of cross-section, 232-Inclination limiter, 233-Angle display panel, 3-Lower plate model box system, 31-Lower plate box bottom plate, 32-Lower plate box side plate, 33-Lower plate box rotation limit plate, 331-Lower plate box rotation limiter, 34-Lower plate transverse connecting rod, 4-Model box bottom plate, 41-Model box bottom plate bolt holes, 42-Model box system support frame, 43-Plate partition plate, 5-System control console, 6-Tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0041] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects, including an upper hanging model box system, a fault dip angle adjustment system, a lower hanging model box system, a model box base plate, and a system control console;

[0043] The upper plate model box system includes an upper plate box base plate, upper plate box side plates, an upper plate transverse connecting rod, a sliding misalignment power device, and a tilting misalignment power device. The upper plate box base plate is slidably connected to the model box base plate via a slide rail. The sliding misalignment power device is fixed on the model box base plate, and its output end is connected to the upper plate box base plate via a horizontal lead screw connecting plate, driving the upper plate model box system to move horizontally. The tilting misalignment power device is located on the outside of the upper plate box side plates, and its output end is connected to the upper plate box side plates, driving the upper plate model box system to move in an inclined direction.

[0044] The fault dip angle adjustment system includes a bottom limiting plate of the fault plane, a top limiting plate of the fault plane, and a pair of fault plane dip angle adjustment plates; the bottom limiting plate and the top limiting plate of the fault plane divide the model box into an upper plate and a lower plate; the fault plane dip angle adjustment plates are provided with a fault plane dip angle limiting groove and a dip angle limiter for adjusting and fixing the fault plane dip angle.

[0045] The lower plate model box system is fixed to the bottom plate of the model box and includes the lower plate box bottom plate, the lower plate box side plate and the lower plate transverse connecting rod;

[0046] The system control console is electrically connected to the slip-slip motion power device and the tilt-slip motion power device, and is used to control the slip direction and speed.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the sliding motion power device includes a geared motor and a horizontal screw jack; the geared motor drives the horizontal screw jack to drive the upper platen model box system to perform horizontal sliding motion through the horizontal screw connecting plate.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the tilting and sliding power device includes a geared motor, a vertical screw jack, and a reaction support plate; the reaction support plate is fixed to the bottom plate of the model box, the base of the vertical screw jack is hinged to the reaction support plate, the end of its jack connecting rod is connected to the side plate limiting hole on the side plate of the upper plate box, and the vertical screw jack can be adjusted along the reaction support plate at an angle that is consistent with the fault dip angle set by the fault dip angle adjustment system.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the upper plate model box system further includes an upper plate box rotation limiting plate, on which an upper plate box limiter is provided for cooperating with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the lower plate model box system further includes a lower plate box rotation limiting plate, which is provided with a lower plate box rotation limiter for cooperating with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

[0051] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an experimental method for simulating fault dip-slip and strike-slip effects in a tunnel model, including:

[0052] Based on the research objectives, the fault slip mechanism, fault dip angle, slip distance, and slip velocity are determined. The fault slip mechanism includes left-lateral strike-slip slip, right-lateral strike-slip slip, normal fault dip-slip slip, reverse fault dip-slip slip, and combinations thereof.

[0053] Based on the determined fault dip angle, the angles of the bottom limiting plate and the top limiting plate of the fault plane are adjusted by the fault dip angle adjustment system and fixed by the dip angle limiter;

[0054] Within the upper and lower model box systems, surrounding rock-like and fault-like materials are laid in layers, and a tunnel scale model is placed at the design height, with monitoring sensors installed.

[0055] The test system was installed on an earthquake simulation shaking table, and the shaking table was turned on to apply an earthquake.

[0056] The system control console controls the strike-slip faulting power device and / or the tilt-slip faulting power device to cause the upper plate model box system to shift relative to the lower plate model box system according to a predetermined shift direction, speed and distance, simulating the fault strike-slip and tilt-slip coupling effect;

[0057] The monitoring data collected during the experiment were analyzed to assess the structural dynamic response of the cross-fault tunnel under the combined effects of earthquake and dislocation.

[0058] This application aims to address the problems of existing cross-fault tunnel seismic simulation model boxes being unable to simultaneously simulate fault strike-slip displacement (left-hand or right-hand) and dip-slip displacement (normal or reverse fault), and the inability to achieve variable fault plane angle and displacement velocity. It aims to provide a shaking table test system that can couple the effects of fault strike-slip displacement and dip-slip displacement, achieving different combinations of simulation effects for left-hand and right-hand strike-slip faults and normal and reverse dip-slip fault displacement, as well as a shaking table model test system with adjustable fault plane dip angle and strike-slip velocity. This system aims to reproduce the real situation of cross-fault tunnel engineering and improve the accuracy and realism of shaking table simulation of the dynamic structural response of cross-fault tunnel structures. For examples, please refer to [link to example]. Figures 1-10 The experimental system mainly consists of a model box base plate, a system control console, a tunnel model, and three main functional parts: an upper model box system 1, a fault plane dip angle adjustment system 2, and a lower model box system 3. The entire system is divided into upper and lower plates by the fault plane bottom limiting plate 21 and the fault plane top limiting plate 22 of the fault plane dip angle adjustment system. The upper model box system is equipped with a slip-slip motion power device 11 and a tilt-slip motion power device 12. The power for both power devices is provided by a servo motor and a geared motor in the voltage control console 5.

[0059] The upper model box system consists of a sliding misalignment power device 11, a tilting misalignment power device 12, an upper box side plate 13, an upper box transverse connecting rod 14, an upper box rotation limit plate 15, an upper box bottom plate 16, and a slide rail 17 at the bottom of the box. The side plate and transverse connecting rod form the model space and provide support. Two slide rails are installed at the bottom of the box. One sliding misalignment power device 11 is installed between the upper box and the model bottom plate 4, fixed to the bottom plate 4. The horizontal lead screw connecting plate 113 is fixed to the bottom plate 16 of the upper model box to achieve linkage; four tilting and sliding power devices 12 are set, which are connected to the bottom plate of the model box through the base of the reaction support plate 123. The end of the connecting rod 1221 of the vertical lead screw jack 122 is fixed to the side plate limiting hole 131 on the side plate of the box body to achieve linkage. The vertical lead screw jack 122 can be adjusted along the reaction support plate 123, and the angle is consistent with the angle set by the fault dip angle system 2; using the walking The screw motor and geared motor of the sliding motion power device and the tilting sliding motion power device provide the displacement. In the horizontal direction, the upper plate system can move horizontally along the two bottom slide rails with a maximum displacement of 10cm. In the tilting direction, it can move obliquely along the direction of the fault plane limiting plate 21 (22) with a maximum displacement of 10cm. The displacement speed is controlled by the system control console 5. The fault plane angle is controlled by the rotation limiting plate 15 (33) combined with the tilt angle adjustment system 2. The fault tilt angle system 2 consists of the fault plane limiting plates 21 and 22 and a pair of fault plane tilt angle adjustment discs 23. The angle is fixed by the tilt angle limiter 232 and can be visualized by the angle display panel 233. The angle can be changed from 45° to 90°. The lower plate model box system consists of the washing box bottom plate 31, the lower plate box side plate 32, the lower plate box rotation limiting plate 33 and the lower plate transverse connecting rod 34. The lower plate system remains fixed during the displacement process.

[0060] By adjusting the slip velocity, slip distance, and fault plane dip angle, the properties of a fault that simultaneously exhibits strike-slip slip (left-hand or right-hand) and dip-slip slip (normal or reverse fault) can be simulated. Furthermore, it can achieve variable angles and slip velocities of the fault plane, allowing for the study of the influence of different dip-slip faults, different strike-slip faults, different slip velocities, and different slip distances on the structural dynamic response of cross-fault tunnels.

[0061] For example, the model box has an open top and is composed of welded side plates with a certain bending stiffness. The upper and lower model box systems each have separate bottom plates, and the entire model box system has a single bottom plate. The model box is filled with materials similar to surrounding rock, materials similar to fault fracture zones, and a scaled-down tunnel model. The dip angle of different fault planes can be set by adjusting the tilt angle adjustment system. The upper model box system can be controlled by the system control console to realize the horizontal and tilt displacement distance and speed, simulating the shear displacement of active fault zones during earthquakes, thereby studying the seismic damage mechanism and corresponding anti-seismic measures of cross-fault tunnel structures in active faults with different mechanisms under seismic action.

[0062] The scaled-down tunnel model is made according to the actual tunnel design drawings and scaled down. Commonly used materials include micro-particle concrete or gypsum, diatomaceous earth, barite molding sand, etc. The surrounding rock material is composed of engine oil, fly ash, etc. The optimal mix ratio of these materials is obtained through orthogonal experiments, and their physical and mechanical properties are tested through mechanical tests to ensure that they meet the similarity relationship. The scaled-down tunnel model is filled with surrounding rock. At the boundary between the upper and lower plates in the center of the angle adjustment plate, fault-similar materials are filled. Gravel can be used to simulate this, or fault materials from the prototype area can be reshaped to simulate it.

[0063] The upper plate model box's power system consists of four tilt-slip motion actuators and one strike-slip motion actuator. The four tilt-slip motion actuators are rigidly connected to the sides and bottom plate of the model box. The vertical displacement distance and movement speed of the upper plate are controlled by adjusting the motor rotation speed and time via a control console, achieving a more realistic simulation of earthquake conditions. One lateral motion actuator, controlled by a motor via a control console, causes the upper plate model box to move laterally on a sliding rail, simulating strike-slip faults. A pair of horseshoe-shaped observation ports are opened on the side plates of the box at both ends of the tunnel for easy camera mounting and observation of damage inside the tunnel during vibration. The camera's transmission rod and rotation enable full-angle, all-around observation inside the tunnel.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment, the upper and lower plates of the model box are connected by an angle adjustment plate, which allows manual adjustment of the limiting holes on the plate and the side plate of the model box, thereby achieving control of the fault dip angle with an accuracy of 1 degree. This allows for the study of the influence of changes in the fault dip angle on the dynamic response of the tunnel structure, as well as the study of the influence of fault strike-slip on the dynamic response of the tunnel structure, providing a design basis for tunnel engineering design.

[0065] The specific experimental steps are as follows:

[0066] Step 1: Based on the research topic, determine the fault slip mechanism, identify whether it is a reverse fault left-lateral strike-slip slip, determine the fault dip angle, determine the slip distance, and install the model box system.

[0067] Step 2: Install 20 cm thick polystyrene foam boards around the inside of the model box to reduce the boundary effect of seismic waves at the boundary of the model box.

[0068] Step 3: Based on the geological conditions of the prototype project, determine the composition and mix ratio of the surrounding rock material, fault material, and tunnel model material, so that the physical and mechanical performance parameters of the surrounding rock fault tunnel model meet the similarity ratio.

[0069] Step 4: Lay the surrounding rock and fault materials in layers, and place the tunnel model at the designed height, and install sensors such as accelerometers, earth pressure cells and strain gauge displacement gauges.

[0070] Step 5: Install the filled model box on the vibration table, turn on the vibration table, and subject the model to earthquake action.

[0071] Step 6: Use the system control console to make the model box system move at a predetermined angle, displacement distance, displacement direction, and speed;

[0072] Step 7: Analyze the data such as acceleration, stress, strain, and displacement collected during the experiment to study the seismic damage mechanism and seismic mitigation measures of tunnel structures crossing active faults under dislocation and vibration.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Step 1: Based on the research topic, determine the fault slip mechanism, identify whether it is a reverse fault right-lateral strike-slip slip, determine the fault dip angle, determine the slip distance, and install the model box system;

[0075] Step 2: Install 20 cm thick polystyrene foam boards around the inside of the model box to reduce the boundary effect of seismic waves at the boundary of the model box.

[0076] Step 3: Based on the geological conditions of the prototype project, determine the composition and mix ratio of the surrounding rock material, fault material, and tunnel model material, so that the physical and mechanical performance parameters of the surrounding rock fault tunnel model meet the similarity ratio.

[0077] Step 4: Lay the surrounding rock and fault materials in layers, and place the tunnel model at the designed height, and install sensors such as accelerometers, earth pressure cells and strain gauge displacement gauges.

[0078] Step 5: Install the filled model box on the vibration table, turn on the vibration table, and subject the model to earthquake action.

[0079] Step 6: Using the system control console, the model box system is moved according to a predetermined angle, displacement distance, displacement direction, and speed, so that the horizontal displacement direction is opposite to that in Example 1;

[0080] Step 7: Analyze the data such as acceleration, stress, strain, and displacement collected during the experiment to study the seismic damage mechanism and seismic mitigation measures of tunnel structures crossing active faults under dislocation and vibration.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0082] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or may be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.

[0083] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0084] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0085] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or grid device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0086] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects, characterized in that, It includes the upper plate model box system (1), the fault dip angle adjustment system (2), the lower plate model box system (3), the model box base plate (4), and the system control console (5); The upper plate model box system (1) includes an upper plate box bottom plate (16), an upper plate box side plate (13), an upper plate horizontal connecting rod (14), a sliding misalignment power device (11), and a tilting misalignment power device (12). The upper plate box bottom plate (16) is slidably connected to the model box bottom plate (4) via a slide rail (17). The sliding misalignment power device (11) is fixed on the model box bottom plate (4). The output end of the sliding misalignment power device (11) is connected to the upper plate box bottom plate (16) via a horizontal screw connecting plate (113) and drives the upper plate model box system (1) to move in the horizontal direction. The tilting misalignment power device (12) is located on the outside of the upper plate box side plate (13). The output end of the tilting misalignment power device (12) is connected to the upper plate box side plate (13) and drives the upper plate model box system (1) to move in the tilting direction. The fault dip angle adjustment system (2) includes a bottom limiting plate (21) of the fault plane, a top limiting plate (22) of the fault plane, and a pair of fault plane dip angle adjustment discs (23); the bottom limiting plate (21) and the top limiting plate (22) of the fault plane divide the model box into an upper disc and a lower disc, and the fault plane dip angle adjustment discs (23) are provided with a fault plane dip angle limiting groove (231) and a dip angle limiter (232) for adjusting and fixing the fault plane dip angle; The lower plate model box system (3) is fixed on the bottom plate (4) of the model box, including the bottom plate (31) of the lower plate box, the side plate (32) of the lower plate box and the horizontal connecting rod (34) of the lower plate. The system control console (5) is electrically connected to the slip motion power device (11) and the tilting slip motion power device (12) and is used to control the slip direction and speed.

2. The tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding motion power device (11) includes a geared motor (111) and a horizontal screw jack (112); the geared motor (111) drives the horizontal screw jack (112) to drive the upper plate model box system (1) to slide horizontally through the horizontal screw connecting plate (113).

3. The tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilting and sliding power device (12) includes a geared motor (121), a vertical screw jack (122), and a reaction support plate (123). The reaction support plate (123) is fixed on the bottom plate (4) of the model box. The base of the vertical screw jack (122) is hinged to the reaction support plate (123). The end of its jack connecting rod (1221) is connected to the side plate limiting hole (131) on the side plate (13) of the upper plate box. The vertical screw jack (122) can be adjusted along the reaction support plate (123), and the adjustment angle is consistent with the fault dip angle set by the fault dip angle adjustment system (2).

4. The tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper plate model box system (1) also includes an upper plate box rotation limiting plate (15), on which an upper plate box limiter (151) is provided, which is used to cooperate with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate (23) to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

5. The tunnel model experimental system for simulating fault dip and strike-slip effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower plate model box system (3) also includes a lower plate box rotation limiting plate (33), on which a lower plate box rotation limiting device (331) is provided, which is used to cooperate with the cross-section tilt angle adjustment plate (23) to adjust and fix the cross-section tilt angle.

6. A tunnel model experimental method for simulating fault dip-slip and strike-slip effects using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: Based on the research objectives, the fault slip mechanism, fault dip angle, slip distance, and slip velocity are determined. The fault slip mechanism includes left-lateral strike-slip slip, right-lateral strike-slip slip, normal fault dip-slip slip, reverse fault dip-slip slip, and combinations thereof. According to the determined fault dip angle, the angles of the bottom limiting plate (21) and the top limiting plate (22) of the fault plane are adjusted by the fault dip angle adjustment system (2) and fixed by the dip angle limiter (232); Within the upper plate model box system (1) and the lower plate model box system (3), surrounding rock similar materials and fault similar materials are laid in layers, and a tunnel scale model is placed at the design height and monitoring sensors are installed. The test system was installed on a seismic simulation shaking table, and the shaking table was turned on to apply seismic forces. The system control console (5) controls the strike-slip faulting power device (11) and / or the tilt-slip faulting power device (12) to cause the upper plate model box system (1) to shift relative to the lower plate model box system (3) according to the predetermined shift direction, speed and distance, simulating the fault strike-slip and tilt-slip coupling effect; The monitoring data collected during the experiment were analyzed to assess the structural dynamic response of the cross-fault tunnel under the combined effects of earthquake and dislocation.

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