Construction method of high-standard farmland fertility improvement project

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method of a high-standard farmland fertility improvement project, and belongs to the technical field of land fertilization. The method comprises the following steps: S1, field renovation; s1.1, large-particle sand and stones in the field blocks are cleared away; s1.2, dividing field parcels, and separating field parcel networks; s2, differentiated fertilization: performing different degrees of fertilization processes according to the fertility conditions of each field parcel, adopting a fertilizer spreader and a rotary cultivator to work in sequence in the fertilization process, and spreading different amounts of organic fertilizers by the fertilizer spreader according to the fertility conditions of the field parcels; s3, irrigation and drainage engineering construction; s3.1, water source construction: constructing a reservoir; and S3.2, construction of a field irrigation system: constructing irrigation canals for water circulation, enabling the irrigation canals to flow through the field parcels, enabling the irrigation canals to be communicated with a reservoir, and inputting water into the irrigation canals through the reservoir. The method has the effect that the conditions are more balanced and unified after the fields are built.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of land fertilization, and in particular to a construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project. Background Art

[0002] High-standard farmland refers to an agricultural production model based on science and technology, with the goal of increasing yield and quality, and achieving a farmland management concept and practice of sustainable development. High-standard farmland aims to improve the overall ecological environment of farmland, improve the production efficiency of farmland and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and thus promote the sustainable development of agriculture. With the release of the "National High-standard Farmland Construction Plan", the construction of high-standard farmland across the country is in full swing.

[0003] The construction of high-standard basic farmland mainly includes five projects: land leveling, irrigation and drainage, field roads, farmland protection and ecological environment maintenance, and others. At the same time, scientific fertilization must be carried out for farmland with insufficient soil fertility.

[0004] The above-mentioned high-standard basic farmland needs to be unified in the construction process, and the basic conditions must also be unified to facilitate subsequent standardized planting. However, in the existing construction method, the fertilization process of each farmland is often carried out in a unified manner. Although the fertility is improved, due to the differences in the original fertility of farmland in different plots, the fertility of farmland with poor fertility may still be insufficient after fertilization, while the fertility of farmland with better original fertility is excessive, resulting in a waste of fertility. The existing construction method is to make up for the deficiency and reduce the surplus through different numbers of fertilization during the subsequent use of the field after completion. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the unified basic conditions of the land and facilitate subsequent planting, this application provides a construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project.

[0006] The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project comprises the following steps: S1. Field improvement; S1.1. Clean up the large sand and gravel in the field; S1.2, divide the fields and separate the field network; S2. Differentiated fertilization: Fertilization is carried out to different degrees according to the fertility of each field. The fertilization process uses a fertilizer spreader and a rotary tiller to work in sequence. The fertilizer spreader spreads different amounts of organic fertilizer according to the fertility of the field. S3. Irrigation and drainage project construction; S3.1. Water source construction: construction of water reservoirs; S3.2. Construction of field irrigation system: Build irrigation channels for water supply and circulation. The irrigation channels flow through various fields. The irrigation channels are connected to reservoirs, and water is input into the irrigation channels through the reservoirs.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution and through differentiated fertilization, fields with different fertility can be in a unified fertility state after construction is completed, which is convenient for subsequent unified management, planting and fertilization. The fertilizer spreader spreads the fertilizer first, which makes it easier and more intuitive to observe the fertilizer spreading situation. Then the organic fertilizer is evenly plowed under the field through the rotary tiller, and the large particles of sand and gravel are cleaned first, which can reduce the damage to various agricultural machinery.

[0008] Optionally, in step S2, differentiated fertilization is performed by a fertilizer spreader. Specifically, the fertilizer spreader includes a body, a secondary fertilizer box and a discharging mechanism. A partition component is provided in the secondary fertilizer box, the partition component separates at least one discharging space, the partition component vertically divides the secondary fertilizer box, the secondary fertilizer box is filled with organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box has different heights according to fertilization needs, and the fertilizer height in the discharging space is consistent with the fertilizer height in the secondary fertilizer box, and the discharging mechanism releases organic fertilizer in one discharging space per unit time.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, compared with the conventional multiple fertilizations in which the number of fertilizations is designed according to the original fertility of the land, this scheme changes the amount of organic fertilizer spread per unit time, so that differentiated fertilization operations can be completed in one fertilization. At the same time, the structure is simple and the mechanized structure is not prone to errors. The organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box is spatially separated by the partition component. According to the weight of organic fertilizer required per unit plot, the corresponding organic fertilizer is input into the secondary fertilizer box, and then the discharge space separated by the partition component has different heights due to the different masses of organic fertilizers input but the same cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary fertilizer box. Therefore, the mass of organic fertilizer in the discharge space separated by the partition component is different, so that the organic fertilizer in one discharge space is fully spread in the same unit time, and the different amount of fertilizer spread per unit area of ​​the field during the fertilization process can be achieved.

[0010] Optionally, the partition assembly includes a partition plate and a partition drive, the partition plate is vertically slidably installed in the secondary fertilizer box, the partition drive drives the partition plate to vertically slide and separate the space in the secondary fertilizer box to form the discharge space, the secondary fertilizer box is provided with a discharge pipe connected to the discharge space, the discharge mechanism is arranged on the end of the discharge pipe away from the discharge space, and the discharge mechanism includes an opening box, an opening plate, a discharge plate, a locking structure and an opening and closing drive for driving the discharge plate to open and close. The movable part, the opening box is connected with the discharge pipe, the opening plate is slidably installed in the opening box and slides towards and away from the discharge pipe, an opening is formed between the opening plate and the outlet of the discharge pipe, a support spring is arranged on the side of the opening plate away from the discharge pipe, the support spring pushes the opening plate to close the discharge pipe, the locking structure locks the sliding of the opening plate at any sliding position of the opening plate, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the opening box, and the discharge plate closes the discharge port.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, organic fertilizers of different qualities are placed in the secondary fertilizer box according to the needs of fertilization, so that the quality of organic fertilizer in the discharge space is different each time. After the organic fertilizer in the discharge space enters the discharge pipe, pressure is generated on the opening plate. Under the action of pressure, the opening plate slides to open the corresponding opening, so that the output of organic fertilizer per unit time of the discharge pipe is fixed, and finally differentiated fertilization is realized. At the same time, the fertilization process can be carried out uninterruptedly, ensuring uninterrupted output of uniform fertilization and improving the fertilization effect.

[0012] Optionally, the fertilizer spreader is further provided with a recovery component, which includes a recovery box, and the recovery box is arranged below the discharge port and recovers the organic fertilizer in the opening box and the discharge pipe when fertilization is stopped.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, through the recovery component, the organic fertilizer in the discharge pipe can be quickly recovered each time the opening of the opening plate is adjusted, so that the fertilization strategy can be quickly adjusted according to different fields. The recovery box recovers the organic fertilizer from under the opening box, thereby reducing the impact of residual organic fertilizer during subsequent adjustments to the opening plate.

[0014] Optionally, the partition assembly also includes a leveling plate and a leveling drive member, the leveling plate is vertically slidably installed in the secondary fertilizer box, the leveling plate divides the secondary fertilizer box into an upper and lower part, the leveling drive member drives the leveling plate to move vertically, the leveling plate includes a main board, a flip plate and a flip drive member, the flip drive member is installed on the main board, one side of the flip plate is rotatably connected to the main board, the flip drive member drives the flip plate to flip up at least 90 degrees and be perpendicular to the main board, and after the flip plate is flipped up 90 degrees, the plate surface away from the main board and the plate surface of the partition plate facing the main board are located in the same plane.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme and setting the leveling plate, the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box can be leveled by the leveling plate after being placed, ensuring that the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box maintains the same height before separation, reducing the influence of the tip of the organic fertilizer pile on the quality of the organic fertilizer after separation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of fertilization, and the flip plate of the leveling plate will not affect the vertical sliding separation process of the partition plate after flipping, and at the same time, because the main board still maintains the restriction on the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box, it is ensured that the organic fertilizer will not be pushed during the separation process to affect the final result, and the flip plate after flipping abuts against the partition plate, which can reduce the damage to the connection structure between the partition plate and the partition drive member under the pressure of the organic fertilizer.

[0016] Optionally, in step S1, the fields are divided by building roads between the fields, at least one concrete main road is built, a distribution network is built on the concrete main road, the fields are located on both sides of the concrete main road, and gravel roads are built between the fields using sand and gravel. In step S1.1, the sand and gravel cleared from the farmland are stored nearby, the sand and gravel are screened, the large sand and gravel are used to build field gravel roads, and the small sand and gravel are used as aggregate to build the concrete main road.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the construction of the concrete main road is conducive to the entry of agricultural machinery and the transportation of construction materials when building farmland. After the construction is completed, it is used for the establishment and maintenance of the power grid. At the same time, it is also convenient for the subsequent harvesting and transportation of crops. The function of the field gravel road is mainly to separate the fields. When cleaning the gravel in the farmland, the gravel can be retained and reused to build the concrete main road and the field gravel road. On the one hand, it reduces the transportation of waste materials. On the other hand, nearby warehouses are built to store materials, which reduces energy consumption and utilizes the original materials.

[0018] Optionally, first build a concrete main road to facilitate the entry of agricultural machinery, then carry out differentiated fertilization, and then build a gravel road to finally divide the fields. When differentiated fertilization is carried out, the junction between different fields is not fertilized. When the fertilizer spreader is fertilizing, adjustments are made between different fields to adapt to the specific fertilization of the next field, and the fertilizer spreader makes differentiated adjustments while moving.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the concrete main road is built first, which is conducive to the development of subsequent work. Differentiated fertilization is carried out before the construction of the field gravel road, so that the field gravel road will not affect the fertilization process, and fertilization will be freer and more efficient. At the same time, it can reduce the repeated fertilization in the boundary area of ​​adjacent plots when converting plots. Fertilization is not carried out on the edges to reduce fertilizer waste. At the same time, it will eventually become a gravel road, determine the gravel road area, and directly complete the pre-positioning of the gravel road.

[0020] Optionally, a groundwater extraction well is constructed in step S3.1, and an irrigation canal is constructed in step S3.2. The irrigation canal is constructed horizontally and at the same height. The groundwater situation is investigated when the field is leveled. When dividing the field, priority is given to groundwater extraction wells that are closer to the irrigation canal. Groundwater extraction wells are constructed in the part of the composite groundwater extraction well construction location that is close to the irrigation canal.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the field division plan makes use of groundwater extraction wells as much as possible, so that more groundwater extraction wells can be built. The construction of groundwater extraction wells can extract groundwater for irrigation when there is a shortage of water reservoirs, and can be used as a backup water source. At the same time, since the groundwater is pumped into the irrigation channel close to the irrigation channel, water can be directly pumped into the irrigation channel, thereby diverting the water to fields in different locations for use, solving the problem of some fields having no groundwater extraction wells. The irrigation channel is constructed in an equal height manner, so there are no high and low places in the irrigation channel. No matter where the irrigation channel is connected to the water source, the water source can be transferred, perfectly cooperating with the use process of the groundwater extraction well, and at the same time does not affect the normal use of the irrigation channel.

[0022] Optionally, the water reservoir is constructed with two parts, namely an upper water reservoir and a lower water reservoir. The upper water reservoir is constructed close to a water source, and the water level of the upper water reservoir is higher than the terrain of the field, while the water level of the lower water reservoir is lower than the terrain of the field. Both the upper water reservoir and the lower water reservoir are connected to the irrigation channel, and the upper water reservoir is provided with a purification system. The upper water reservoir is constructed first before the overall construction, and the upper water reservoir is provided with a matching water pumping system on the plot.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, two upper and lower reservoirs are set up, so that water resources can be allocated during the flood season, and the water in the upper reservoir can be transported to the lower reservoir through the irrigation canal. At the same time, when there is too much rain in the rainy season, the flooding pressure of the upper reservoir can be better alleviated, and the water in the lower reservoir can be used during the dry season. At the same time, due to the equal-height construction of the irrigation canal, the water in the lower reservoir can also be directly pumped into the irrigation canal to realize the transportation and circulation of the water source. The upper reservoir is completed first, which is conducive to water extraction in subsequent construction. It can be used for construction water and the existence of a purification system. It can also be used for life. At the same time, the water-drawing system is not only used during construction. After the subsequent construction is completed, since the terrain of the field is lower than the upper reservoir, the water in the water-drawing system automatically flows out under gravity, which can be used to judge the water pressure of the upper reservoir, thereby judging the water storage situation of the upper reservoir.

[0024] Optionally, the method further includes step S3.3, laying a pipe network: a water pipe is laid along the irrigation canal, the water pipe is provided with a drainage pipe, the drainage pipe is vertically driven into the ground below the frozen soil layer, a drainage well is drilled at the drainage pipe, the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage well, and a water distribution pipe is also provided. The water distribution pipe and the water pipe are detachably installed, the water distribution pipe is arranged in the field for irrigation, and the interface of the water pipe for the water distribution pipe to be connected can also be connected to an input device.

[0025] By adopting the above technical scheme, each field can be irrigated uniformly through the water distribution pipe, and automated irrigation is more convenient and saves trouble. When the irrigation system cannot be used or large-scale unified irrigation is not needed, irrigation can be carried out through irrigation channels to meet various irrigation methods. The setting of the drainage pipe can release the water in the water pipe in winter, so that the water pipe is not easy to freeze and crack at low temperatures. The water distribution pipe can be disassembled so as not to affect fertilization and farming. At the same time, the water pipe can be injected with gas in winter for better drainage. At the same time, gas or water of a certain temperature can be injected in some situations and environments, so that it can be thawed and used in winter.

[0026] To sum up, through differentiated fertilization, fields with different fertility can be in a unified fertility state after construction is completed, which is convenient for subsequent unified management, planting and fertilization. The fertilizer spreader spreads the fertilizer first, which makes it easier and more intuitive to observe the fertilization situation. Then the organic fertilizer is evenly plowed under the field through the rotary tiller, and the large particles of sand and gravel are cleaned first to reduce damage to various agricultural machinery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a fertilizer spreader in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary fertilizer box in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the opening box and the recovery box in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an opening box in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the recovery box in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. vehicle body; 11. vehicle head; 12. vehicle box; 2. secondary fertilizer box; 21. discharge space; 22. pillar; 23. support plate; 3. discharge mechanism; 31. opening box; 311. discharge port; 312. slide slot; 313. opening port; 32. opening plate; 33. discharge plate; 34. locking structure; 341. threaded column; 342. tightening nut; 35. opening and closing drive member; 36. support spring; 37. guide column; 4. partition assembly; 41. partition plate; 42. partition drive member; 43. leveling plate ; 431, main board; 432, flip plate; 433, flip drive; 44, leveling drive; 45, rocker arm; 451, cylindrical arm; 452, plate arm; 46, first abutment block; 47, second abutment block; 48, elastic block; 5, discharge pipe; 6, recovery assembly; 61, recovery box; 7, fertilizer pushing assembly; 71, fertilizer pushing disc; 711, inner convex ring; 712, outer convex ring; 713, fan blade; 714, fertilizer trough; 715, discharge hole; 716, recovery hole; 717, top plate; 72, motor; 8, bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 This application is described in further detail.

[0030] The embodiment of the present application discloses a construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project.

[0031] A construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project comprises the following steps: Pre-construction, first of all, before construction, according to the land conditions, land leveling engineering is carried out, the main contents of which are topsoil stripping and backfilling, subsoil leveling, field ridge construction, and field ridge construction. The progress of land leveling engineering will directly affect the progress of subsequent construction. Before construction, the land leveling engineering design unit should be surveyed on site to determine the location, boundary, elevation and actual field terrain of the leveling unit.

[0032] The construction process of land leveling: determine the field leveling area - determine the excavation and filling balance boundary line within the work area - measure and place - transfer the surface planting soil nearby - level the land - backfill the planting soil - level the field. It is necessary to strip and restore the soil layer, flatten the higher places, and fill the lower places to achieve uniformity and flatness. Effective soil stripping and restoration are generally carried out by bulldozers. The tree roots, weeds, garbage, waste residue and other obstacles in the excavation area are completely removed by machinery and manual labor. The stripping of the following large particles of sand and gravel is also completed in this process.

[0033] The average height difference of the leveled field surface is no more than +30mm. The soil used comes from the nearest soil borrowing site. The land type is other grassland and the soil quality of the soil borrowing site is loam.

[0034] S1. Field improvement; S1.1. Clean up the large sand and gravel in the field; The sand and gravel cleared out during farmland cleaning are stored in warehouses nearby, where they are screened and stored.

[0035] S1.2, divide the fields and separate the field network; The fields are divided by building roads between the fields, at least one concrete main road is built, a distribution network is built on the concrete main road, the fields are located on both sides of the concrete main road, gravel roads are built between the fields using sand and gravel, and the large sand and gravel cleared in step S1.1 is used to build field gravel roads, and the small sand and gravel is used as aggregate to build the concrete main road.

[0036] During the construction of the above-mentioned concrete main road, first use a bulldozer to remove the original ground decay and pile it to the corresponding location. Do a good job of construction measurement and drainage on both sides. Then, compact it with plain soil, and lay the roadbed soil according to the thickness required by the design. After the filler is spread and leveled, its moisture content should be rolled when it is at the optimal moisture content. For the leveled roadbed, first use a 6-15t roller to quickly statically press twice, and use a grader to repeatedly shape it to the required longitudinal and transverse slopes. After the shaping is completed, the working section is rolled 4-5 times with a vibrating roller. Then use an 18-21t smooth wheel roller to roll 2-3 times. The compaction order is from the shoulder to the middle of the road, and the curved section is rolled longitudinally from the inside to the outside. When rolling, the transverse joints need to overlap 1 / 2 of the rear wheel width for each row of three-wheel rollers, and generally overlap 40-50cm for vibrating rollers, and the longitudinal overlap should be 1-1.5m. The speed of the roller is 1.5-1.8 km / h for the first two times and 2.0-2.5 km / h for the following times (the specific data will be obtained according to the test section). If the "spring" is loose or peeling is found during rolling, it should be turned over or other measures should be taken in time to finally meet the quality requirements.

[0037] During construction, a concrete main road is built first to facilitate the entry of agricultural machinery, and then differentiated fertilization is carried out. After that, the gravel road is built to finally divide the fields. When building the gravel road, a certain amount of cement is also filled for bonding, so that the gravel road has a certain structural strength.

[0038] S2. Differentiated fertilization: Fertilization is carried out to different degrees according to the fertility of each field. The fertilization process uses a fertilizer spreader and a rotary tiller to work in sequence. The fertilizer spreader spreads different amounts of organic fertilizer according to the fertility of the field. Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2In step S2, differentiated fertilization is performed by a fertilizer spreader. Specifically, the fertilizer spreader includes a vehicle body 1, a secondary fertilizer box 2 and a discharging mechanism 3. The vehicle body 1 can be a truck similar to a truck bed 12, which is mainly composed of a front 11 providing traction and a truck bed 12 for carrying goods, and the auxiliary components composed of the secondary fertilizer box 2 and the discharging mechanism 3 can be installed on the vehicle body 1 as a whole. When the auxiliary components composed of the secondary fertilizer box 2 and the discharging mechanism 3 are installed and fixed in a detachable manner, the entire core component that plays the role of spreading fertilizer can be translated as a whole and used on other vehicles that can carry organic fertilizers, or even used as a wheelbarrow, wherein the organic fertilizer is stored in the truck bed 12 for continuously supplying organic fertilizer to the secondary fertilizer box 2.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The secondary fertilizer box 2 is a directional box with an opening on the upper side as a whole. A partition assembly 4 is arranged in the secondary fertilizer box 2. The partition assembly 4 at least separates a discharge space 21. The partition assembly 4 vertically divides the secondary fertilizer box 2. In this embodiment, the partition assembly 4 includes a partition plate 41, a partition driving member 42, a leveling plate 43 and a leveling driving member 44. The leveling plate 43 is vertically slidably installed in the secondary fertilizer box 2. The leveling plate 43 divides the secondary fertilizer box 2 into two parts, the upper and lower parts. The leveling driving member 44 drives the leveling plate 43 to move vertically. The leveling plate 43 includes a main board 431, a flip plate 432 and a flip driving member 433. The flip driving member 433 is installed on the main board 431. One side of the flip plate 432 is rotatably connected to the main board 431. The flip driving member 433 drives the flip plate 432 to flip up at least 90 degrees and be perpendicular to the main board 431.

[0040] The turning drive member 433 in this embodiment adopts an oil cylinder, and a rocker arm 45 is installed on the piston rod of the turning drive member 433 for associating with the turning plate 432. The rocker arm 45 includes a cylindrical arm 451 and a plate arm 452. The axis of the cylindrical arm 451 is perpendicular to the axis of the piston rod of the turning drive member 433. The piston rod of the turning drive member 433 is connected and fixed to the middle section of the cylindrical arm 451. The plate arm 452 is in the shape of a flat plate. There are two plate arms 452. The two plate arms 452 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the cylindrical arm 451. The plate arm 452 fits the inner wall of the secondary fertilizer box 2, and one end of the plate arm 452 is rotatably connected to the cylindrical arm 451, and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper side wall of the turning plate 432, so that the turning drive member 433 can drive the turning plate 432 to turn. When the turning plate 432 is flush with the main board 431 and the turning plate 432 is turned upward and forms an angle of 90 degrees with the main board 431, the length direction of the plate arm 452 is aligned with the main board 431. The plate arm 452 is parallel to the length direction of the plate arm 452 during the flipping process of the flip plate 432, and one end of the plate arm 452 connected to the flip plate 432 has a process of lifting up. In order to make the flip plate 432 in two states, the plate arm 452 has a limiting effect on the flip plate 432, especially to make the flip plate 432 level with the main board 431, it is necessary to maintain the flip plate 432 The effective flattening effect of the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box 2, the end of the plate arm 452 and the cylindrical arm 451 is respectively provided with a first abutment block 46 and a second abutment block 47, the first abutment block 46 and the second abutment block 47 are respectively arranged up and down, and at the same time, an elastic block 48 is provided at one end of the first abutment block 46 facing the second abutment block 47, so that the plate arm 452 has an elastic fluctuation ability relative to the cylindrical arm 451, but the cylindrical arm 451 still maintains a downward pressure on the plate arm 452, thereby ensuring that the flip plate 432 presses down and flattens the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box 2.

[0041] In another embodiment, a circle of annular elastic blocks 48 may be provided at the connection between the plate arm 452 and the flip plate 432 , but the stability is not as good as that provided between the cylindrical arm 451 and the plate arm 452 , and the structure is more complicated.

[0042] At the same time, the secondary fertilizer box 2 is connected to the truck bed 12 by a hose, so that the truck bed 12 can continuously transport organic fertilizer into the secondary fertilizer box 2. The opening for transporting organic fertilizer from the truck bed 12 to the secondary fertilizer box 2 is located near the plate arm 452 of the truck bed 12. When the leveling plate 43 moves up to a certain height, the opening for transporting organic fertilizer from the truck bed 12 to the secondary fertilizer box 2 is opened. When the leveling plate 43 moves down to a certain height, the opening for transporting organic fertilizer from the truck bed 12 to the secondary fertilizer box 2 is closed, so that the leveling plate 43 also serves as an opening and closing function. Since the height of the plate arm 452 is different for different situations, it means that the fertilizer is sufficient for small amounts, precise control, and reduced waste. For small amounts of fertilizer, a little more will not have much impact, and the soil fertility is better improved, thereby solving the disadvantages of this control method.

[0043] The partition plate 41 is installed in the secondary fertilizer box 2 for vertical sliding. The partition driving member 42 drives the partition plate 41 to slide vertically and divide the space in the secondary fertilizer box 2 to form a discharge space 21. Among them, after the flip plate 432 is flipped up 90 degrees, the plate surface away from the main board 431 and the plate surface of the partition plate 41 facing the main board 431 are located in the same plane. In this embodiment, the partition driving member 42 also adopts a cylinder.

[0044] In order to install the above-mentioned partitioning drive 42 and leveling drive 44, pillars 22 are set at the four corners of the secondary fertilizer box 2, and support plates 23 are installed on the top of the four pillars 22 for installing the partitioning drive 42 and the leveling drive 44. The piston rods of the partitioning drive 42 and the leveling drive 44 pass through the support plates 23, wherein the piston rod of the leveling drive 44 is located in the area surrounded by the cylindrical arm 451, the two plate walls and the flip plate 432, so as not to interfere with each other.

[0045] In another embodiment, the space between the pillars 22 can also be closed, so that the secondary fertilizer box 2 becomes a complete closed box, but due to the inconvenience of maintenance, it is not preferred.

[0046] The mass of the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box 2 is weighed to determine whether the fertilization demand is met, and the downward movement of the leveling plate 43 is controlled, and the partition plate 41 can be inserted.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The secondary fertilizer box 2 is provided with a discharge pipe 5 connected to the discharge space 21, and the discharge pipe 5 extends downwardly and obliquely. The discharge mechanism 3 is arranged on the end of the discharge pipe 5 away from the discharge space 21. The discharge mechanism 3 includes an opening box 31, an opening plate 32, a discharge plate 33, a locking structure 34 and an opening and closing driving member 35 for driving the discharge plate 33 to open and close. The opening box 31 is connected to the discharge pipe 5, and the bottom of the opening box 31 is opened as a discharge port 311. The opening plate 32 is slidably installed in the opening box 31 and slides close to and away from the discharge pipe 5. The lock nut 342 is provided to lock the lock member 341 and the lock nut 342 is provided to lock the lock member 342. The lock member 341 is provided to lock the lock member 342. The lock member 341 is provided to lock the lock member 342. The lock member 341 is provided to lock the lock member 342. The lock member 341 is provided to lock the lock member 342.

[0048] An opening 313 is formed between the opening plate 32 and the outlet of the discharge pipe 5. A support spring 36 is provided on the side of the opening plate 32 away from the discharge pipe 5. The support spring 36 pushes the opening plate 32 to close the discharge pipe 5. Specifically, the support spring 36 is clamped between the plate surface of the opening plate 32 away from the discharge pipe 5 and the inner wall of the opening box 31. The support spring 36 is a spiral spring. At the same time, the inner walls of the opening plate 32 and the opening box 31 are also provided with guide pillars 37 for the support spring 36 to fit, which limits the support spring 36 and the travel limit of the opening plate 32. The discharge plate 33 is at the discharge port 31 The side away from the discharge pipe 5 is hinged to the opening box 31. The opening and closing driving member 35 can be a cylinder. The opening and closing driving member 35 is installed on the side of the opening box 31 away from the discharge pipe 5. At the same time, the hinged side of the discharge plate 33 extends out of the opening box 31 and is located below the piston rod of the opening and closing driving member 35. The piston rod of the opening and closing driving member 35 can be not directly connected to the discharge plate 33. When the piston rod moves downward, the discharge plate 33 is pushed to flip downward to close the discharge port 311. When the piston rod moves upward, the discharge plate 33 is no longer restricted and flips downward under the action of gravity to open the discharge port 311.

[0049] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6 The fertilizer spreader is also provided with a recovery component 6 and a fertilizer pushing component 7 below the opening box 31. The recovery component 6 and the fertilizer pushing component 7 are combined into one. When fertilizing, the organic fertilizer is pushed out for fertilization, and when recycling, the organic fertilizer in the discharge pipe 5 is recycled. Specifically, the recovery component 6 includes a recovery box 61, and the fertilizer pushing component 7 includes a fertilizer pushing disc 71 and a motor 72. The recovery box 61 is fixed below the opening box 31 through a bracket 8, and the discharge port 311 of the opening box 31 is located above the recovery box 61, wherein the bracket 8 is directly fixed on the vehicle body 1, and the bracket 8 is also used to support the opening box 31. At the same time, the structure of the bracket 8 can also limit the opening and closing stroke of the discharge plate 33.

[0050] The recycling box 61 has a central hole inside and an opening on the upper side. The side of the recycling box 61 is used to release the recycled organic fertilizer. The motor 72 is installed in the recycling box 61. The motor 72 shaft of the motor 72 passes through the recycling box 61 and is installed with a fertilizer pushing disk to drive the fertilizer pushing disk to rotate. The fertilizer pushing disk is in the shape of a disk. The fertilizer pushing disk is provided with inner and outer layers of annular protrusions, which are respectively set as an inner convex ring 711 and an outer convex ring 712. The height of the outer convex ring 712 is higher than the inner convex ring 711. At the same time, a fan blade 713 is extended from the inner convex ring 711 to the outer convex ring 712. There are multiple fan blades 713, and the multiple fan blades 713 are arranged around at equal angles. A fertilizer groove 714 is formed between adjacent fan blades 713. At the same time, a The surface of the top plate 717 is an arc surface, and the top plate 717 covers the area where the inner convex ring 711 is located, so that the fertilizer will not fall directly into the area surrounded by the inner convex ring 711. The fertilizer pushing plate is also provided with a plurality of recovery holes 716 connected to the recovery box 61 in the area surrounded by the inner convex ring 711. The outer convex ring 712 is also provided with a discharge hole 715 connected to the fertilizer groove 714. When the fertilizer pushing plate rotates, the organic fertilizer is spread out from the fertilizer pushing plate by centrifugal force under the drive of the fan blades 713. At the same time, the recovery box 61 recovers the organic fertilizer in the opening box 31 and the discharge pipe 5 when fertilization is stopped. Specifically, the fertilizer pushing plate no longer rotates, and the organic fertilizer is accumulated on the fertilizer pushing plate first higher than the inner convexity and thus flows into the recovery box 61.

[0051] In another embodiment, the fertilizer pushing plate can also be a plate with a high outer edge and a low inner edge, and then the fan blades 713 are used to push the organic fertilizer outward. When the fertilizer pushing plate stops, the organic fertilizer flows back under the action of gravity. This solution can also be used in combination with structures such as the inner convex ring 711 to form a new solution.

[0052] In the present embodiment, granular organic fertilizer is preferred.

[0053] At the same time, when the above-mentioned fertilizer spreader reaches the edge of the field, the fertilizer spreader can continue to move, and the fertilizer spreading adjustment of the fertilizer spreader is completed in this process, so that the fertilizer waste at the location of the gravel road is reduced, and the area of ​​repeated fertilization is reduced as much as possible. At the same time, the area where no fertilizer is spread will eventually form a corresponding gravel road area, which will ultimately facilitate the subsequent construction of gravel roads and realize multiple functions at the same time. The process of adjusting fertilization is also the process of determining the gravel road.

[0054] S3. Irrigation and drainage project construction; S3.1. Water source construction: construction of reservoirs and groundwater extraction wells; There are two reservoirs, namely the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir. The upper reservoir is built close to the water source, and the water level of the upper reservoir is higher than the terrain of the field, and the water level of the lower reservoir is lower than the terrain of the field, that is, the water level of the upper reservoir is higher when it is built close to the water source, and the water level of the lower reservoir is lower when it is built close to the downstream. In some environments, the upper reservoir can utilize the existing reservoir system, and a purification system is set up in the upper reservoir. The upper reservoir is built first before the overall construction, and a matching water pumping system is set up on the plot of land for the upper reservoir, and the water pumping system mainly draws water through the gravitational potential energy of the upper reservoir.

[0055] Build groundwater extraction wells, sample and analyze groundwater conditions when the field is leveled in the previous step, and determine the location where the groundwater extraction well can be built.

[0056] The construction process is: construction preparation → drilling rig installation → drilling → sampling and formation cataloging → hole dredging, slurry replacement and test hole → well pipe installation → gravel filling and pipe external sealing → well washing and water pumping test, etc.

[0057] According to the geological structure of the project area, if the geological structure is a loose layer, the corresponding drilling rig type shall be selected. For example, if the geological structure is a loose layer, a rotary positive circulation drilling rig can be used. According to the designed wellbore position, when installing the drilling rig, the wellbore center shall be at least 10m away from the telephone line; the distance from the early power line and the edge of the old wellbore in the loose layer shall be at least 5m; the horizontal distance from the edge of the underground communication cable, structure, pipeline and other underground facilities shall be at least 2m; the distance from the high-voltage wire shall be twice the tower height; and a sufficient safety distance shall be maintained from high-rise buildings and important buildings on the ground, and the regulations of the relevant industry construction site shall be observed.

[0058] Well pipe installation: Well pipes must be free of defects such as incompleteness, breakage and bending, and have sufficient compressive strength. The permeability coefficient of sandless concrete filter pipes is ≥400m / d, and the porosity is ≥15%. The filter opening rate deviation shall not exceed ±10% of the designed opening rate, the wire spacing deviation shall not exceed ±20% of the designed wire spacing, and the minimum distance from the wire to the perforated pipe wall shall not exceed 3mm. The curvature of the well pipe shall not exceed 3mm per meter. The upper and lower opening planes of the well pipe shall be perpendicular to the axis of the well pipe.

[0059] The deviation of the inclination of the sandless concrete well pipe and the concrete well pipe mouth plane shall not exceed 1.5% of the well pipe outer diameter. The well pipe diameter deviation shall not exceed: ±5mm for the inner well of the reinforced concrete pipe, ±6-±9mm for the inner diameter of the sandless concrete well pipe. The deviation of the well pipe wall thickness shall not exceed: ±1mm for steel pipe and cast iron well pipe, ±2mm for reinforced concrete well pipe; ±4-±6mm for sandless concrete well pipe; ±3-±4mm for concrete well pipe. The production of the pipe well filter ensures good filtering performance, strong structure, strong corrosion resistance and not easy to clog. The filter length is determined through technical and economic analysis based on the cumulative thickness, water richness and designed water intake of the exploitable aquifer.

[0060] Backfill filter material method: Use static water to fill the filter material. Fill it in continuously, evenly and slowly around the well pipe, and the speed is not too fast. If the filter material is blocked in the middle, do not shake or lift the well pipe forcefully. You can use a small hollow tube or piston to lower it into the well pipe and slowly lift it up and down until the filter material sinks. Backfill the filter material with a measuring container to facilitate timely verification with the planned quantity. When the filter material is filled to a certain amount, wait for the filter material to sink, and use a measuring rod to measure the height of the filled filter material, filling and measuring until the planned position. The measuring rod is made of a round iron rod, 0.5-1m long, with rounded tips at both ends, and its weight exceeds twice the total weight of the measuring rope used. Notes for backfilling filter material: It is strictly forbidden to fill the filter material on one side, and it is not allowed to quickly pour it to impact the well pipe or cause blockage. Backfill the filter material strictly according to the designed position of the well to prevent the filter material from sinking and losing the sand and water filtering function, which will affect the quality of the well. Keep a sample of the filled filter material for reference. The sealing material outside the pipe is made of high-quality clay. Before sealing, the amount of clay to be filled is calculated according to the depth to be sealed as specified in the pipe well construction drawing. The actual amount of clay prepared is 25%-30% more than the planned amount.

[0061] S3.2. Construction of field irrigation system (in accordance with the principle of giving priority to surface water as the irrigation water source when available surface water is available): Construction of irrigation canals for water supply and circulation, which flow through various fields and are fed with water through reservoirs, with both the upper and lower reservoirs connected to the irrigation canals; In the above step S3.2, irrigation canals are constructed horizontally and at equal heights. When dividing fields, priority is given to groundwater extraction wells that are closer to the irrigation canals. Groundwater extraction wells are constructed in the part of the composite groundwater extraction well construction location that is closer to the irrigation canals.

[0062] The irrigation channel is provided with a passage connecting to the groundwater extraction well and a valve near the groundwater extraction well. When there is flooding, part of the water can be transferred to the groundwater extraction well to alleviate the impact of the flooding.

[0063] S3.3. Laying of pipeline network: The laying of pipeline network shall meet the requirements of frozen soil layer and farming. Specifically, the pipeline network includes water pipes, drainage pipes and distribution pipes. The distribution pipes and water pipes can be installed in a detachable manner. Water pipes are laid along the irrigation canal. The output pipes are buried under the ground as a whole, exposing the interface for the installation of distribution pipes. Drainage pipes are set at the location of each groundwater extraction well. The drainage pipes are vertically driven below the frozen soil layer of the ground. The drainage pipes are connected to the groundwater extraction well. At this time, the groundwater extraction well is used as a drainage well. The drainage pipes will drain all the internal water to the drainage well in winter. In order to protect the pipeline network, the distribution pipes are arranged in the fields for irrigation. The drainage wells are not built separately, but the groundwater extraction wells are borrowed, so that one well can be used for multiple purposes. At the same time, since the irrigation canal is also constructed horizontally as a whole, the water supply pipes can also be laid horizontally along the irrigation canal. The horizontally laid water supply pipes have the same overall height, which makes it easy to drain all the water in the water supply pipes through the drainage pipes. At the same time, the water supply pipes and the distribution pipes are connected by quick-connect self-closing interfaces. The interface of the water supply pipe for the distribution pipe can also be connected to the input equipment to inject different gases and liquids.

[0064] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction method for a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project, characterized in that The steps include: S1. Field improvement; S1.

1. Clean up the large sand and gravel in the field; S1.2, divide the fields and separate the field network; S2. Differentiated fertilization: Fertilization is carried out to different degrees according to the fertility of each field. The fertilization process uses a fertilizer spreader and a rotary tiller to work in sequence. The fertilizer spreader spreads different amounts of organic fertilizer according to the fertility of the field. S3. Irrigation and drainage project construction; S3.

1. Water source construction: construction of water reservoirs; S3.

2. Construction of field irrigation system: Build irrigation channels for water supply and circulation. The irrigation channels flow through various fields. The irrigation channels are connected to reservoirs, and water is input into the irrigation channels through the reservoirs.

2. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S2, differentiated fertilization is performed by a fertilizer spreader. Specifically, the fertilizer spreader comprises a body (1), a secondary fertilizer box (2) and a discharging mechanism (3). A partition component (4) is arranged in the secondary fertilizer box (2). The partition component (4) partitions at least one discharging space (21). The partition component (4) vertically divides the secondary fertilizer box (2). The secondary fertilizer box (2) is filled with organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box (2) has different heights according to fertilization requirements. The height of the fertilizer in the discharging space (21) is consistent with the height of the fertilizer in the secondary fertilizer box (2). The discharging mechanism (3) releases one discharge space (21) of organic fertilizer per unit time.

3. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 2 is characterized by: The partition assembly (4) comprises a partition plate (41) and a partition driving member (42); the partition plate (41) is vertically slidably installed in the secondary fertilizer box (2); the partition driving member (42) drives the partition plate (41) to vertically slide and separate the space in the secondary fertilizer box (2) to form the discharge space (21); the secondary fertilizer box (2) is provided with a discharge pipe (5) connected to the discharge space (21); the discharge mechanism (3) is provided on an end of the discharge pipe (5) away from the discharge space (21); the discharge mechanism (3) comprises an opening box (31), an opening plate (32), a discharge plate (33), a locking structure (34) and an opening and closing driving member (35) for driving the discharge plate (33) to open and close; The opening box (31) is connected to the discharge pipe (5), the opening plate (32) is slidably installed in the opening box (31) and slides towards and away from the discharge pipe (5), an opening (313) is formed between the opening plate (32) and the outlet of the discharge pipe (5), a support spring (36) is provided on the side of the opening plate (32) facing away from the discharge pipe (5), the support spring (36) pushes the opening plate (32) to close the discharge pipe (5), the locking structure (34) locks the sliding of the opening plate (32) at any sliding position of the opening plate (32), a discharge port (311) is provided at the bottom of the opening box (31), and the discharge plate (33) closes the discharge port (311).

4. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 3 is characterized by: The fertilizer spreader is further provided with a recovery component (6), the recovery component (6) comprising a recovery box (61), the recovery box (61) being arranged below the discharge port (311) and recovering the organic fertilizer in the opening box (31) and the discharge pipe (5) when fertilization is stopped.

5. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 3 is characterized by: The partition assembly (4) further comprises a flattening plate (43) and a flattening driving member (44); the flattening plate (43) is vertically slidably mounted in the secondary fertilizer box (2); the flattening plate (43) is divided into an upper and lower part by the secondary fertilizer box (2); the flattening driving member (44) drives the flattening plate (43) to move vertically; the flattening plate (43) comprises a main board (431), a flipping plate (432) and a flipping driving member (433); the flipping driving member (433) is mounted on the main board (431); one side of the flipping plate (432) is rotatably connected to the main board (431); the flipping driving member (433) drives the flipping plate (432) to flip up by at least 90 degrees and to be perpendicular to the main board (431); after flipping up by 90 degrees, the plate surface of the flipping plate (432) away from the main board (431) and the plate surface of the partition plate (41) facing the main board (431) are located in the same plane.

6. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S1, the fields are divided by building roads between the fields, at least one concrete main road is built, a distribution network is built on the concrete main road, the fields are located on both sides of the concrete main road, and gravel roads are built between the fields using sand and gravel. In step S1.1, the sand and gravel cleared when cleaning the farmland are stored nearby, the sand and gravel are screened, the large sand and gravel are used to build the field gravel road, and the small sand and gravel are used as aggregate to build the concrete main road.

7. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 6 is characterized by: First, a concrete main road is built to facilitate the entry of agricultural machinery, and then differentiated fertilization is carried out. After that, a gravel road is built to finally divide the fields. When differentiated fertilization is carried out, no fertilization is applied to the junction between different fields. When the fertilizer spreader is fertilizing, adjustments are made between different fields to adapt to the specific fertilization of the next field. The fertilizer spreader makes differentiated adjustments while moving.

8. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3.1, a groundwater extraction well is constructed. In step S3.2, an irrigation canal is constructed. The irrigation canal is constructed horizontally and at the same height. The groundwater conditions are investigated when the fields are leveled. When dividing the fields, groundwater extraction wells that are closer to the irrigation canal are prioritized. Groundwater extraction wells are constructed in the part of the composite groundwater extraction well construction location that is closer to the irrigation canal.

9. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water reservoir is constructed with two parts, namely an upper water reservoir and a lower water reservoir. The upper water reservoir is constructed close to the water source, and the water level of the upper water reservoir is higher than the terrain of the field, while the water level of the lower water reservoir is lower than the terrain of the field. Both the upper water reservoir and the lower water reservoir are connected to the irrigation channel. The upper water reservoir is provided with a purification system. The upper water reservoir is constructed first before the overall construction, and the upper water reservoir is provided with a matching water pumping system on the plot.

10. The construction method of a high-standard farmland soil fertility improvement project according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step S3.3, laying of pipe network: water pipes are laid along the irrigation canals, the water pipes are provided with drainage pipes, the drainage pipes are vertically driven into the ground below the frozen soil layer, a drainage well is drilled at the drainage pipes, the drainage pipes are connected to the drainage well, and a water distribution pipe is also provided. The water distribution pipe and the water pipe are detachably installed, the water distribution pipes are arranged in the fields for irrigation, and the interface of the water pipe for the water distribution pipe to be connected can also be connected to an input device.

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