Soil drainage structure for saline-alkali soil and desert soil and construction method of soil drainage structure

Abstract

According to the soil drainage structure of the saline-alkali soil and the desert soil and the construction method of the soil drainage structure, water retention breathable cloth is introduced to serve as an isolation layer, and permeation and migration of water and salt between a planting soil layer and a saline-alkali soil layer are blocked. According to the present invention, the water retention property is excellent, the gas permeability is good, the sufficient oxygen supply can be provided for the plant root system, and the growth obstacle caused by oxygen deficit or salt accumulation can be avoided. In addition, the construction process of the structure is simple, convenient and efficient, surface soil is excavated according to the preset depth, only water-retaining breathable cloth cut in advance needs to be laid in an excavated soil pit and tightly attached to the pit wall, finally, the soil is backfilled, and a planting soil layer suitable for plant growth is formed. After the steps are completed, irrigation and planting operation can be directly carried out, the construction difficulty and cost are greatly reduced, and the method is particularly suitable for ecological restoration and agricultural development in saline-alkali soil or desert areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil ecological improvement, and in particular relates to a soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the process of soil improvement in saline-alkali land or desert areas, drainage measures are usually required to regulate the moisture and salt content in the soil. Existing improvement methods mainly include traditional underground pipe drainage method, gravel layer laying method and continuous waterproof layer laying, but these methods all have certain limitations: (1) The underground pipe drainage method uses pre-buried drainage pipes to guide excess water and salt to the surface, thereby reducing the salt content of the surface soil. However, this method is complex to construct, the pipes are prone to clogging, and the subsequent maintenance costs are high.

[0003] (2) Gravel layer paving method: A thick layer of gravel or sand is laid on the soil surface as a buffer zone to prevent rainwater from directly infiltrating into the high-salt strata. Although this method can effectively block external water sources, it cannot fundamentally solve the salinization problem, and the construction and operation and maintenance costs are high.

[0004] (3) Although the method of continuously laying a waterproof layer (such as plastic film) can quickly form an anti-seepage barrier in the short term and reduce the accumulation of salt caused by water evaporation, long-term use will hinder gas exchange within the soil, leading to hypoxia at the bottom, which in turn affects the normal development of plant roots.

[0005] The above methods all have obvious limitations in practical applications, especially in areas that need to frequently adjust farming patterns or face extreme climatic conditions. For example, the traditional pipe drainage method is not only complex to construct, but also easy to damage; and completely closed waterproofing treatment may cause problems such as secondary salinization and crop growth disorders. In addition, the common soil conditioners on the market mostly focus on a single function and lack comprehensive consideration of the laws of soil property changes, so it is often difficult to achieve the expected results in practical applications.

[0006] In summary, although existing methods can improve soil conditions to a certain extent, due to their limitations, there is an urgent need for a solution that meets the needs of efficient and economical large-scale soil improvement. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the existing soil improvement technology, such as complex construction, high construction and operation and maintenance costs, and obstruction of gas exchange leading to root hypoxia, the present invention provides a soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil and a construction method thereof. The soil drainage structure uses a water-retaining and breathable cloth with optimized structure as an isolation layer to effectively separate the planting soil layer from the saline-alkali soil layer, blocking the water penetration and salt migration between the two. At the same time, the water-retaining and breathable cloth has good air permeability, which can ensure that the plant roots obtain sufficient oxygen and avoid adverse effects on the normal growth of plants. In addition, the structure is easy to construct. It only needs to dig the surface soil to a preset depth to form a pit, lay the cut water-retaining and breathable cloth in the pit and make it fit tightly with the bottom of the pit, and then backfill the soil in the groove surrounded by the water-retaining and breathable cloth to form a planting soil layer, and then carry out subsequent irrigation and planting work.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil, comprising: a plurality of water-retaining and breathable fabrics, a planting soil layer and a saline-alkali soil layer; the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics are folded upward, and the fabric surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics is depressed downward to form a groove, and the groove is used to load the planting soil layer; the outer ends of the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics are folded outward to form folded edges, and there are gaps between adjacent folded edges for water to infiltrate; the saline-alkali soil layer is located below the groove, and the water-retaining and breathable fabrics are configured to allow gas to pass through and can block the penetration of water and the migration of salt between the planting soil layer and the saline-alkali soil layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the width of the folded edge is 3-4 cm; and / or, adjacent folded edges at least partially overlap; and / or, An adaptive gap adjustment element is provided at the gap to achieve automatic adjustment of the water infiltration rate; and / or, Salt adsorption material is filled between adjacent folded edges.

[0010] In some embodiments, the adaptive gap adjustment element is a moisture-responsive gel strip, whose expansion rate is positively correlated with soil moisture, and whose adjustment range is 0.2 to 1.2 cm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water-retaining breathable fabric is made of one or both of modified meltblown material and polypropylene.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the groove is U-shaped.

[0013] In some embodiments, the width of the water-retaining and breathable fabric is 2 to 6 m.

[0014] The present invention also provides a construction method for the soil drainage structure of saline-alkali land and desert soil as described above, comprising the following steps: Dig the surface soil of the plot where water-retaining and breathable cloth is to be laid to ensure that the predetermined laying depth is reached and a pit is formed; According to the specific size of the pit, the water-retaining and breathable fabrics of corresponding size and quantity are selected; Laying the selected water-retaining and breathable fabrics in the pit: laying the fabric surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics on the bottom surface of the pit, folding the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics upward, and the fabric surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics is depressed downward to form a groove, the bottom wall of the groove is in contact with the bottom surface of the pit, and folding the outer ends of the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics outward to form the folded edges, the adjacent folded edges at least partially overlap, and maintaining a certain gap to allow water to seep downward; The groove is filled with soil and irrigated to facilitate subsequent planting work.

[0015] In some embodiments, the construction method further includes: after the laying of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics is completed, checking the flatness of the laying and the tightness of the seams between adjacent water-retaining and breathable fabrics; if there is a need for adjustment, corresponding corrective measures should be immediately implemented to ensure the laying quality.

[0016] In some embodiments, the construction method further comprises: flushing the water-retaining breathable fabric after laying to remove impurities on the fabric surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, the construction method further comprises: regularly inspecting the water-retaining breathable fabric, if any abnormality is found, finding out the cause and taking remedial measures, and if the water-retaining breathable fabric is damaged, promptly replacing it with a new one.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil and the construction method thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. The soil drainage structure provided by the present invention adopts water-retaining and breathable cloth to isolate the planting soil layer and the saline-alkali soil layer, which can realize precise irrigation and fertilization, ensure that the irrigation water and fertilizer act accurately on the planting soil layer, effectively prevent them from penetrating into the lower soil layer, and reduce resource waste. At the same time, the structure also takes into account the gas exchange requirements between the upper and lower layers of the soil. The water-retaining and breathable cloth can ensure that the plant roots can obtain sufficient oxygen and will not adversely affect the normal growth of the plants; 2. The present invention sets up special water infiltration channels between adjacent water-retaining and breathable fabrics. When the amount of irrigation water is too much, these gaps play a key role, allowing the excess water together with the dissolved minerals to rely on natural penetration and move smoothly to the lower soil layer, thereby completing the drainage process. Even in the extreme case of continuous soaking, the excess water can be discharged smoothly through these gaps, effectively preventing water accumulation and ensuring the long-term reliability and stability of the drainage system; at the same time, humidity-responsive gel strips are embedded in the folded edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics. The gel strips enable the gap width between the folded edges to be automatically adjusted within the range of 0.2 to 1.2 cm according to the soil humidity, thereby dynamically optimizing the water infiltration rate and adapting to the drainage needs under different humidity conditions. In addition, the folded edges are also filled with salt adsorption materials such as modified zeolite and activated carbon. These materials can absorb salt that infiltrates with water, effectively reducing the impact of salt on the planting soil layer, further improving soil quality, and promoting the healthy growth of crops; 3. Compared with the traditional pipeline drainage system, the soil drainage structure provided by the present invention does not require complicated engineering design, making maintenance work more convenient, significantly reducing the initial investment cost of construction, and also reducing the burden of long-term operation and maintenance costs; 4. The soil drainage structure provided by the present invention is also simple to construct. It only requires digging the surface soil of the target plot according to the designed depth, laying water-retaining and breathable cloth, and then covering the soil. This process does not require complicated pipeline layout, greatly improves the convenience of construction, and is suitable for large-scale mechanized operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the soil drainage structure provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a soil drainage structure provided by another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is the structural schematic diagram of A; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a soil drainage structure provided by another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the water-retaining breathable membrane provided by the present invention.

[0021] The meanings of the symbols in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1—planting soil layer; 2—water-retaining and breathable fabric; 3—folded edge; 4—saline-alkali soil layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further explained in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and descriptions of specific embodiments. However, the following descriptions including the embodiments are only used to enable ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs to more clearly understand the principles and essence of the present invention, and do not mean any form of limitation on the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The present invention provides a soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, the structure includes: a plurality of water-retaining and breathable fabrics 2, a planting soil layer 1 and a saline-alkali soil layer 4, wherein the edge of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is folded upward, and the surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is sunken downward to form a groove, which is used to load the planting soil layer 1, and then plant in the planting soil layer 1. The outer end of the edge of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is folded outward to form a folded edge 3, which is preferably flush with the horizontal plane, and there is a gap between adjacent folded edges 3 for water to infiltrate, and the gap refers to the vertical distance between the folded edges 3, that is, Figure 1 As shown in , the size of the gap at this time is L>0cm, and L≤0.5cm. The overlapping design of the folded edge 3 cleverly plays a diversion role, guiding the irrigation water to flow along a specific path. The water is confined in the groove and irrigated to the planting soil layer 1, avoiding direct penetration downward through the gap. Only when the planting soil layer 1 fully absorbs the necessary water, the remaining water accumulated on the surface will be guided by the folded edge 3, slowly flow into the gap, and finally penetrate into the saline-alkali soil below.

[0025] The saline-alkali soil layer 4 is located below the groove, and the water-retaining and breathable cloth 2 can allow gas to pass through, ensuring that the plant roots will not be affected by root hypoxia due to lack of oxygen, and can block the penetration of water and the migration of salt between the planting soil layer 1 and the saline-alkali soil layer 4, that is, under the action of rain or irrigation, the planting soil layer 1 in the groove fully absorbs the required water, and thanks to the characteristics of the water-retaining and breathable cloth 2, these water will not pass through the cloth surface into the saline-alkali soil layer 4. When there is excessive water, causing the surface layer of the planting soil layer 1 to accumulate water that exceeds its capacity, these excess water will flow to the gap between the adjacent folded edges 3, and these water flows will gradually penetrate into the saline-alkali soil layer 4 below the groove, and may even penetrate into the saline-alkali soil layer 4 at a lower level. However, the salt in the saline-alkali soil layer 4 will be effectively blocked by the water-retaining and breathable cloth 2 to prevent it from rising back and invading the planting soil layer 1, protecting the plants from salt and alkali damage, and ensuring the stability and health of the plant growth environment.

[0026] The soil drainage system provided by the present invention has obvious advantages over the hard components commonly used for drainage in the prior art: the innovative use of water-retaining and breathable cloth 2 ensures that irrigation water and applied fertilizers act accurately on the planting soil layer 1, effectively preventing them from penetrating into the lower soil layer, thereby avoiding resource loss. Even in extreme cases of continuous immersion, excess water flows out through the gaps to prevent water accumulation, and natural osmosis is used to remove excess water and dissolved minerals, ensuring the long-term effectiveness and stability of the soil drainage process. In addition, the structure takes into account the gas exchange needs between the upper and lower layers of the soil, and will not cause any adverse effects on the normal growth of plants.

[0027] More importantly, the soil drainage structure of the present invention completely abandons the traditional complex and cumbersome pipeline layout, and greatly simplifies the structure. This improvement not only significantly reduces the difficulty of installation and subsequent maintenance, but also greatly improves the overall efficiency and reliability of the drainage system.

[0028] In some embodiments, an adaptive gap adjustment element is provided at the gap to achieve automatic adjustment of the water infiltration rate. In a specific implementation, a moisture-responsive gel strip is embedded in the gap reserved between the folded edges. The expansion rate of the moisture-responsive gel strip is proportional to the humidity of the surrounding soil. When the soil humidity increases, the gel strip expands, automatically reducing the gap width to a minimum of about 0.2 cm, thereby slowing down the water infiltration rate; and when the soil humidity decreases, the gel strip contracts, expanding the gap width to a maximum of about 1.2 cm, promoting water infiltration and deployment. This design can not only accurately control the discharge and retention of water according to the real-time changes in environmental humidity, but also effectively prevent water accumulation or drought problems caused by too fast or too slow water infiltration, further improving the adaptability and regulation efficiency of the entire soil drainage structure.

[0029] In some embodiments, salt adsorption materials (such as modified zeolite, activated carbon, etc.) are filled between adjacent folded edges. This design can actively intercept and adsorb dissolved salts during water infiltration. Specifically, when irrigation water or excess water infiltrates through the gaps in the water-retaining and breathable fabric, it flows through the filled salt adsorption materials. These materials, due to their high specific surface area and porous structure, can effectively capture and fix salt ions carried in the water, reduce the concentration of salt entering the planting soil layer, thereby preventing salt accumulation in the surface layer, reducing the damage to the crop root system caused by salt damage, and at the same time improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, providing a more ideal growth environment for crops.

[0030] In some embodiments, the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is made of one or both of modified meltblown material and polypropylene.

[0031] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the groove is U-shaped.

[0032] In practical applications, the present invention has no strict restrictions on the shape of the grooves, and can be adjusted accordingly according to the shape of the specific plot of land on which it is laid. Thanks to the shape plasticity of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2, it can flexibly adapt to various terrain features and easily cope with terrain fluctuations.

[0033] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown at A in the middle, the folded edges 3 of the adjacent water-retaining and breathable fabrics 2 at least partially overlap, and the gap joint structure is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, its size is L>0cm and L≤0.5cm.

[0034] Preferably, the width d of the folded edge 3 is 3-4 cm.

[0035] Furthermore, in the process of laying the water-retaining and breathable cloth 2, the plot usually has a specific length, width and depth. In order to ensure the best water-retaining and breathable effect, the width of the cloth is usually designed to be the sum of the plot width plus twice the laying depth and twice the folded edge width d, and the length is designed to be the sum of the plot length plus twice the laying depth and twice the folded edge width d. In this embodiment, the width of a single piece of water-retaining and breathable cloth 2 is preferably 2 to 6 meters.

[0036] In some embodiments, in the area adjacent to the side wall of the earth pit (the earth pit here refers to the pit formed by digging in the paved land), the edges of the two key water-retaining and breathable fabrics 2 are folded upward, and the folded width is consistent with the depth of the fabric laying to ensure the best effect. Figure 3 As shown, the cloth surface close to the pit wall should extend in the vertical direction to be flush with the surface of the planting soil layer 1, or in a more ideal situation, slightly exceed the surface of the planting soil layer, so as to enhance the isolation effect between the two sides of the pit and the saline-alkali soil.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Based on Example 1, the present invention also provides a construction method of the soil drainage structure, comprising the following steps: S1. Excavate the surface soil of the land where the water-retaining and breathable cloth 2 is to be laid to ensure that the predetermined laying depth is reached to form a pit.

[0039] S2, according to the specific size of the pit, select the corresponding size and quantity of water-retaining and breathable fabrics 2. Preferably, each piece of fabric is cut into a shape according to a specified method and sewn and reinforced.

[0040] S3. Lay the selected water-retaining and breathable fabrics 2 in the pit one by one: first lay the surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 on the bottom of the pit, and fold the edge of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 upward, so that the surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is sunken downward to form a groove, and the bottom wall of the groove is in contact with the bottom of the pit.

[0041] Preferably, the process of laying the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 can be implemented by a tractor or other mechanical equipment to ensure the convenience and accuracy of the construction.

[0042] S6. Fill the excavated soil back or add new soil to form the planting soil layer 1, and irrigate the planting soil layer 1 to facilitate subsequent planting work.

[0043] Furthermore, the construction method further includes: S4, after the water-retaining breathable fabric 2 is laid, the flatness of the laying and the tightness of the joints between adjacent water-retaining breathable fabrics 2 are checked. If there is a need for adjustment, corresponding correction measures should be taken immediately to ensure the laying quality.

[0044] The construction method further comprises: S5, washing the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 after laying for several times to remove impurities on the fabric surface so as to facilitate subsequent normal farming operations.

[0045] The construction method also includes: S7, regularly check the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2. If any abnormality is found, find out the cause and take remedial measures. If the water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 is damaged, replace it with a new one in time, and select a water-retaining and breathable fabric 2 of the same material to replace it. However, the original design specifications must be strictly followed for processing and manufacturing.

[0046] In step S6, when irrigating the planting soil layer 1, an appropriate amount of nutrient solution can be added to promote vegetation growth and improve the overall ecological environment quality. For crops on saline-alkali land, the recommended nutrient solution contains potassium silicate (K2SiO3, concentration is about 0.1mmol / L) and proline (concentration is about 0.5g / L) to enhance the ability of plants to resist harsh environments. In desert environments, it is recommended to select appropriate liquid fertilizers for soilless cultivation according to actual conditions.

[0047] When implementing the design scheme provided by the present invention, the local geographical characteristics and the level of socio-economic development should also be fully considered and integrated so as to adjust the design scheme. For example, in areas with abundant water resources, the frequency of irrigation can be increased to promote the rapid discharge of salt in the soil, thereby optimizing the soil environment. On the contrary, in areas with tight water resources, it is necessary to carefully control the irrigation cycle and appropriately extend the time between two irrigations to maximize water conservation. At the same time, in order to more accurately adapt to the growth habits of various plants, the nutrient combination and proportion applied should be adjusted and optimized in a timely manner according to actual conditions to ensure that the plants can obtain the most suitable nutrient supply to promote their healthy growth.

[0048] The ideal embodiment of the present invention is a revelation. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0049] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil, characterized in that: include: Several water-retaining and breathable fabrics, planting soil layers and saline-alkali soil layers; The edge of the water-retaining and breathable cloth is folded upward, and the cloth surface of the water-retaining and breathable cloth is sunken downward to form a groove, and the groove is used to load the planting soil layer; The outer ends of the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabric are folded outward to form folded edges, and there are gaps between adjacent folded edges for water to seep in. The saline-alkali soil layer is located below the groove, and the water-retaining breathable cloth is configured to allow gas to pass through and can block the penetration of water and the migration of salt between the planting soil layer and the saline-alkali soil layer.

2. The soil drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the folded edge is 3-4 cm; and / or, Adjacent folded edges at least partially overlap; and / or, An adaptive gap adjustment element is provided at the gap to achieve automatic adjustment of the water infiltration rate; and / or, Salt adsorption material is filled between adjacent folded edges.

3. The soil drainage structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-adaptive gap adjustment element is a moisture-responsive gel strip, the expansion rate of which is positively correlated with soil moisture, and the adjustment range of which is 0.2 to 1.2 cm.

4. The soil drainage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The water-retaining and breathable fabric is made of one or both of modified melt-blown material and polypropylene.

5. The soil drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the groove is U-shaped.

6. The soil drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the water-retaining and breathable fabric is 2 to 6 meters.

7. A method for constructing a soil drainage structure for saline-alkali land and desert soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Dig the surface soil of the plot where water-retaining and breathable cloth is to be laid to ensure that the predetermined laying depth is reached and a pit is formed; According to the specific size of the pit, the water-retaining and breathable fabrics of corresponding size and quantity are selected; Laying the selected water-retaining and breathable fabrics in the pit: laying the fabric surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics on the bottom surface of the pit, folding the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics upward, and the fabric surface of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics is depressed downward to form a groove, the bottom wall of the groove is in contact with the bottom surface of the pit, and folding the outer ends of the edges of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics outward to form the folded edges, the adjacent folded edges at least partially overlap, and maintaining a certain gap to allow water to seep downward; The groove is filled with soil and irrigated to facilitate subsequent planting work.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes: after the laying of the water-retaining and breathable fabrics is completed, the flatness of the laying and the tightness of the seams between adjacent water-retaining and breathable fabrics are checked; if there is a need for adjustment, corresponding corrective measures should be immediately implemented to ensure the laying quality.

9. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Rinse the water-retaining and breathable fabric after laying to remove impurities on the fabric surface.

10. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method also includes: regularly checking the water-retaining and breathable fabric, if any abnormality is found, finding out the cause and taking remedial measures, and if the water-retaining and breathable fabric is damaged, replacing it with a new one in time.

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