Mining surface subsidence measuring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining surface subsidence measuring device which comprises a measuring frame, a measuring assembly capable of horizontally moving on a frame body of the measuring frame is arranged on the measuring frame, limiting rods used for positioning the measuring frame are arranged on the two sides of the measuring frame, and pressing rods are concentrically inserted into the tops of the limiting rods. Two opposite supporting rods are arranged on the outer wall, close to the bottom, of the limiting rod in a deflectable mode, an action mechanism is arranged in the limiting rod, and the action mechanism can guide the bottoms of the two supporting rods to deflect outwards in a centrifugal mode under the action of driving the pressing rod to move downwards in the axial direction; two centralizing rods are horizontally inserted into the two ends of the length direction of the measuring frame, the centralizing rods are parallel to the width direction of the measuring frame, through the limiting rod, the pressing rod, the supporting rod, the centralizing rods and the action mechanism which are inserted into the measuring frame, the installation stability of the measuring frame at the crack earth surface can be improved, and especially when the earth surface sinks, the measuring frame is not prone to falling off. The device can be prevented from tilting due to shaking, so that the device is always kept in a stable mounting state on the ground, and the accuracy of measured data is further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and testing, and in particular to a mine surface subsidence measuring device. Background Art

[0002] The mining of large amounts of underground mineral resources has formed large underground mining areas, causing the overlying rock strata to move and be destroyed, leading to large-scale subsidence of the surface, which is professionally called mining subsidence area.

[0003] The surface of the mining subsidence area is affected by tensile deformation, which may cause cracks. The depth and width of the cracks are related to the thickness and properties of the loose layer. If the loose layer is clay with high plasticity, cracks will appear on the surface when the tensile deformation value of the surface exceeds 6-10mm / m; when the loose layer is sandy clay or clayey sand with low plasticity, cracks will appear on the surface when the tensile deformation value of the surface exceeds 2-3mm / m. When the mining depth and mining thickness are relatively small, cracks perpendicular to the advancing direction may appear on the surface in front of the advancing working face. The shape of the surface cracks is wedge-shaped, with a large opening, which decreases with increasing depth and pinches out at a certain depth.

[0004] The length, width, depth and direction of surface cracks will affect the stability of houses and buildings in mining subsidence areas and the water retention of the surface aquifer. In order to study the impact of surface cracks on houses and surface water, it is necessary to measure the length, width, depth and direction of cracks in mining subsidence areas.

[0005] The prior art discloses an invention patent with the announcement number CN110118516B, which discloses a method for measuring surface cracks in mining subsidence areas, including the following steps: S1: select a number of measurement points in the mining subsidence area, and obtain the longitude and latitude information of the measurement points through the positioning platform; S2: send the longitude and latitude information to the background terminal of the positioning platform, and the background terminal feeds back the real-time image to the mobile terminal to show the direction of the surface cracks in the mining subsidence area; S3: use a ruler to measure the length of the surface cracks; S4: prepare a measuring frame and two measuring axes, and use a ruler to measure the width of the surface cracks along the width direction; S5: continue to extend the two measuring axes into the surface cracks, and make the two measuring axes form a wedge, and use an angle ruler to measure the values ​​of the two inner angles of the wedge to determine the depth of the surface cracks. The invention can measure the parameters of the surface cracks and draw a specific trend map to facilitate operators to study the surface cracks.

[0006] The above patented technology has certain defects, specifically:

[0007] In the above patented technology, the measuring frame is installed on the ground near the crack by inserting the limit block at the bottom of the measuring frame into the ground. However, after installation and when the ground sinks, the measuring device is easily tilted and tilted by the shaking of the ground, affecting the accuracy of the measurement data. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a mining surface subsidence measuring device.

[0009] The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a mine surface subsidence measuring device, comprising a measuring frame, the measuring frame is provided with a measuring assembly capable of horizontally moving on the frame, both sides of the measuring frame are provided with limit rods for positioning the limit rods, a pressure rod is coaxially inserted at the top of the limit rod, and two opposite support rods are deflectably provided on the outer wall of the limit rod near the bottom,

[0010] An action mechanism is arranged inside the limit rod, and the action mechanism is driven by the axial downward movement of the pressure rod, and can guide the bottoms of the two support rods to deflect centrifugally outward;

[0011] Two straightening rods are horizontally inserted at both ends of the measuring frame in the length direction, and the straightening rods are parallel to the width direction of the measuring frame.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above solution, the measuring frame is provided with a socket for inserting the limit rod.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the action mechanism includes a connecting rod, the top of the connecting rod is concentrically fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod, the limit rod is provided with a cylinder and a transmission assembly, the top of the cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the bottom of the connecting rod, the inner wall of the cylinder is axially provided with a spiral groove, and the outer wall of the connecting rod is provided with a convex block that is slidably engaged with the groove.

[0014] When the pressure rod drives the connecting rod to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder, the protrusion rubs and squeezes the axially spiral groove wall, forcing the cylinder to rotate. The transmission assembly is driven by the rotation of the cylinder and can guide the bottoms of the two support rods to deflect centrifugally outward.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the transmission assembly includes a first bevel tooth that is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the cylinder body, two second bevel teeth are relatively arranged inside the limit rod and respectively cooperate with the two sides of the first bevel tooth, a third bevel tooth that cooperates with the second bevel tooth is arranged inside the limit rod, a fourth bevel tooth that cooperates with the third bevel tooth is arranged inside the limit rod, a first transmission gear is coaxially fixed on the fourth bevel tooth, a second transmission gear that cooperates with the first transmission gear is arranged inside the limit rod, and the bottom of the support rod is concentrically fixed on the axle of the second transmission gear.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above solution, when the pressure rod does not drive the connecting rod to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder, the support rod maintains a parallel state with the axial direction of the limiting rod.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, two slots parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame are provided at both ends of the length direction of the measuring frame, an insert block is inserted in each of the slots, a connecting block is fixed on the outer wall of the insert block, and the bottom of the connecting block is connected to the top of one end of the straightening rod through a connecting shaft.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a transmission rod is elastically inserted into the outer wall of the measuring frame in its width direction, a clamping rod parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame is fixed to the outer wall of the transmission rod, and a clamping hole matching the clamping rod is opened on the outer wall of the straightening rod.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a slider is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod, a sliding hole matching the slider is opened on the measuring frame, one end of the transmission rod extends into the socket and has an inclined surface, and a ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod, and the bottom of the ring wall is pressed into contact with the inclined surface.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above solution, a spring is sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod, and both ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer wall of the slider and the wall of the sliding hole groove. When the collar does not touch the inclined surface of the transmission rod, the spring does not undergo elastic deformation.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the measuring assembly includes two main measuring axes that are horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame and penetrate the measuring frame longitudinally, the two main measuring axes are located between the straightening rods at both ends of the measuring frame, and two auxiliary measuring axes are horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame between the two main measuring axes and penetrate the measuring frame longitudinally, and the length of the auxiliary measuring axes is smaller than the length of the main measuring axes.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The mining surface subsidence measuring device of the present invention can improve the stability of the measuring frame installed on the cracked surface through the limit rods, pressure rods, support rods, straightening rods and action mechanisms inserted on the measuring frame, especially when the ground subsidence occurs, it can prevent the device from shaking and tilting, so as to ensure that it always remains in a stable installation state on the ground, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement data, and the device is easy to disassemble and assemble, stable and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a part of the middle measuring frame;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle limit rod (the support rod is in the unfolded state);

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the middle cylinder;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point C in the middle.

[0031] Description of main symbols:

[0032] 1. Measuring frame; 2. Main measuring axis; 3. Auxiliary measuring axis; 4. Single-phase motor; 5. Slide; 6. Sliding axis; 7. Hydraulic cylinder; 8. Support axis; 9. Limit rod; 10. Socket; 11. Ring; 12. Pressure plate; 13. Pressure rod; 14. Connecting rod; 15. Cylinder; 16. Groove; 17. Bump; 18. First bevel gear; 19. Second bevel gear; 20. Third bevel gear; 21. Fourth bevel gear; 22. First transmission gear; 23. Second transmission gear; 24. Support rod; 25. Slot; 26. Straightening rod; 27. Insert block; 28. Connecting block; 29. ​​Connecting axis; 30. Clamping hole; 31. Transmission rod; 32. Sliding hole; 33. Sliding block; 34. Clamping rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.

[0034] Please combine Figures 1 to 7 The mining surface subsidence measuring device comprises a measuring frame 1, on which a measuring assembly capable of horizontally moving on the frame is arranged, the measuring assembly comprises two main measuring shafts 2 horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame 1 and longitudinally penetrating the measuring frame 1, the two main measuring shafts 2 are located between the straightening rods 26 at both ends of the measuring frame 1, and two auxiliary measuring shafts 3 are horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame 1 between the two main measuring shafts 2 and longitudinally penetrating the measuring frame 1, and the length of the auxiliary measuring shaft 3 is less than the length of the main measuring shaft 2.

[0035] A slide groove 5 is provided on the outer wall of the measuring frame 1 along its length direction, and a slide shaft 6 slidably matched with the slide groove 5 is horizontally inserted on the main measuring axis 2 and the auxiliary measuring axis 3, so that the main measuring axis 2 and the auxiliary measuring axis 3 can move horizontally on the slide groove 5 of the measuring frame 1 through the slide shaft 6.

[0036] In this example, a single-phase motor 4 is installed on the top of the main measuring shaft 2 and the auxiliary measuring shaft 3. The main measuring shaft 2 and the auxiliary measuring shaft 3 both include a hollow upper shaft and a hollow lower shaft, and the single-phase motor 4 is installed on the upper end of the upper shaft. A screw connected to the output shaft of the single-phase motor 4 is provided in the upper shaft, and the lower end of the screw extends into the lower shaft, and the screw is threadedly connected to the lower shaft. A limit frame with a rectangular cross section is sleeved on the outer periphery of the auxiliary measuring shaft 3, and the cross section of the lower shaft of the main measuring shaft 2 is conical. A slideway is provided on the upper shaft, and a limit shaft extending into the slideway is welded on the lower shaft. When the single-phase motor 4 drives the screw to rotate, the lower shaft is limited by the limit shaft, so that the lower shaft will not rotate synchronously with the screw, so that the screw drives the lower shaft to slide downward. A placement groove is provided in the measuring frame 1, and an angle ruler is placed in the placement groove. The angle ruler has a scale for measuring length.

[0037] A hydraulic cylinder 7 is installed inside the measuring frame 1. A support shaft 8 is arranged inside the measuring frame 1. The support shaft 8 is slidably connected in the slide groove 5. One side of the outer wall of the support shaft 8 is connected to the main measuring shaft 2, and the other side of the outer wall of the support shaft 8 is connected to the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0038] The measurement method of the device of this embodiment can be specifically referred to the patent document CN110118516B, which will not be described in detail here.

[0039] Furthermore, both sides of the measuring frame 1 are provided with limit rods 9 for positioning thereof, a pressure rod 13 is coaxially inserted at the top of the limit rod 9, two opposite support rods 24 are rotatably provided on the outer wall of the limit rod 9 near the bottom, and a pressure plate 12 is fixed on the top of the pressure rod 13.

[0040] An action mechanism is arranged inside the limiting rod 9, which is driven by the axial downward movement of the pressure rod 13 and can guide the bottom of the two support rods 24 to deflect centrifugally outward so that the top of the support rod 24 can penetrate the hole wall of the preset positioning hole on the ground at the crack, thereby improving the installation stability of the device on the ground at the crack.

[0041] The measuring frame 1 is provided with an insertion hole 10 for inserting the limiting rod 9 .

[0042] The action mechanism includes a connecting rod 14, the top of the connecting rod 14 is concentrically fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod 13, a cylinder 15 and a transmission assembly are arranged inside the limit rod 9, the top of the cylinder 15 is sleeved on the outside of the bottom of the connecting rod 14, the inner wall of the cylinder 15 is axially provided with a spiral groove 16, and the outer wall of the connecting rod 14 is provided with a convex block 17 that slides and engages with the groove 16.

[0043] When the pressure rod 13 drives the connecting rod 14 to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder 15, the protrusion 17 rubs and squeezes the groove wall of the axially spiral groove 16, forcing the cylinder 15 to rotate. The transmission assembly is driven by the rotation of the cylinder 15 and can guide the bottom of the two support rods 24 to deflect centrifugally outward.

[0044] The transmission assembly includes a first bevel tooth 18 which is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the cylinder 15, two second bevel teeth 19 which are respectively matched with the two sides of the first bevel tooth 18 are arranged inside the limiting rod 9, a third bevel tooth 20 which matches with the second bevel tooth 19 is arranged inside the limiting rod 9, a fourth bevel tooth 21 which matches with the third bevel tooth 20 is arranged inside the limiting rod 9, a first transmission gear 22 is coaxially fixed on the fourth bevel tooth 21, a second transmission gear 23 which matches with the first transmission gear 22 is arranged inside the limiting rod 9, and the bottom of the support rod 24 is concentrically fixed on the axle of the second transmission gear 23.

[0045] When the pressure rod 13 does not drive the connecting rod 14 to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder 15 , the support rod 24 remains parallel to the limiting rod 9 axially.

[0046] Two straightening rods 26 are horizontally inserted at both ends of the measuring frame 1 in the length direction, and the straightening rods 26 are parallel to the width direction of the measuring frame 1 .

[0047] After the measuring device is installed, when the ground sinks, the straightening rod 26 can prevent the device from shaking and tilting, so as to ensure that it always remains in a stable installation state on the ground, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement.

[0048] Two slots 25 parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame 1 are provided at both ends of the length direction of the measuring frame 1. An insert block 27 is inserted in each slot 25. A connecting block 28 is fixed on the outer wall of the insert block 27. The bottom of the connecting block 28 is connected to the top of one end of the straightening rod 26 through a connecting shaft 29.

[0049] A transmission rod 31 is elastically inserted on the outer wall of the measuring frame 1 in the width direction thereof, and a spring is sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod 31, and the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer wall of the slider 33 and the groove wall of the sliding hole 32. When the collar 11 does not touch the inclined surface of the transmission rod 31, the spring does not undergo elastic deformation.

[0050] A clamping rod 34 parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame 1 is fixed on the outer wall of the transmission rod 31 , and a clamping hole 30 matched with the clamping rod 34 is opened on the outer wall of the straightening rod 26 .

[0051] A slider 33 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the transmission rod 31, and a sliding hole 32 matching the slider 33 is opened on the measuring frame 1. One end of the transmission rod 31 extends into the insertion hole 10 and has an inclined surface. A ring 11 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the limit rod 9, and the bottom of the ring wall of the ring 11 is pressed and matched with the inclined surface.

[0052] The working principle of this embodiment:

[0053] During installation, each straightening rod 26 is inserted into each corresponding slot 25 through the insert block 27, and then the measuring frame 1 is horizontally moved to the maximum width of the surface crack in the middle of the surface crack, so that the measuring frame 1 is inserted into the preset positioning hole on the surface through the limit rod 9, and the main measuring axis 2 and the auxiliary measuring axis 3 are extended into the surface crack, and then the pressure plate 12 is pressed, so that the pressure plate 12 drives the connecting rod 14 to move axially into the cylinder 15 through the pressure rod 13, so that the protrusion 17 continuously rubs and squeezes the groove wall of the axially spiral groove 16, forcing the cylinder 15 to rotate unidirectionally, so that the cylinder 15 drives the first bevel gear 18, the second bevel gear 19, the third bevel gear 20, the fourth bevel gear 21, the first transmission gear 22, and the second transmission gear 23 to rotate, so that the support rod 24 is deflected outward, and the top of the support rod 24 is inserted into the hole wall of the positioning hole, so that the fixing of the measuring frame 1 is completed.

[0054] When the pressure plate 12 is pressed, the limit rod 9 and the ring 11 will be driven to move downward in the insertion hole 10 first, so that the limit rod 9 will further penetrate into the positioning hole. When the ring 11 moves down to the transmission rod 31, it will touch the inclined surface of the transmission rod 31, forcing the transmission rod 31 to drive the clamping rod 34 to move outward from the measuring frame 1, so that the clamping rod 34 corresponds to the position of the clamping hole 30, and then the straightening rod 26 is moved toward the clamping rod 34, so that the clamping rod 34 is clamped into the clamping hole 30, so as to realize the locking and fixation of the straightening rod 26.

[0055] After the measuring device is installed, when the ground sinks, the straightening rod 26 can prevent the device from shaking and tilting, so as to ensure that it always remains in a stable installation state on the ground, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement.

[0056] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining surface subsidence measuring device, characterized in that: The measuring frame comprises a measuring frame, on which a measuring assembly capable of horizontally moving on the frame body is arranged, and both sides of the measuring frame are provided with limit rods for positioning the measuring frame, a pressure rod is coaxially inserted at the top of the limit rod, and two opposite support rods are deflectably arranged on the outer wall of the limit rod near the bottom, An action mechanism is arranged inside the limit rod, and the action mechanism is driven by the axial downward movement of the pressure rod, and can guide the bottoms of the two support rods to deflect centrifugally outward; Two straightening rods are horizontally inserted at both ends of the measuring frame in the length direction, and the straightening rods are parallel to the width direction of the measuring frame.

2. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring frame is provided with a plug hole for inserting the limit rod.

3. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The action mechanism comprises a connecting rod, the top of the connecting rod is concentrically fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod, a cylinder and a transmission assembly are arranged inside the limit rod, the top of the cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the bottom of the connecting rod, a spiral groove is axially opened on the inner wall of the cylinder, and a convex block is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting rod to slide and engage with the groove. When the pressure rod drives the connecting rod to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder, the protrusion rubs and squeezes the axially spiral groove wall, forcing the cylinder to rotate. The transmission assembly is driven by the rotation of the cylinder and can guide the bottoms of the two support rods to deflect centrifugally outward.

4. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a first bevel tooth that is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the cylinder body, two second bevel teeth that are relatively arranged inside the limit rod and respectively cooperate with the two sides of the first bevel tooth, a third bevel tooth that cooperates with the second bevel tooth is arranged inside the limit rod, a fourth bevel tooth that cooperates with the third bevel tooth is arranged inside the limit rod, a first transmission gear is coaxially fixed on the fourth bevel tooth, a second transmission gear that cooperates with the first transmission gear is arranged inside the limit rod, and the bottom of the support rod is concentrically fixed on the axle of the second transmission gear.

5. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the pressure rod does not drive the connecting rod to move axially toward the inside of the cylinder, the support rod maintains a parallel state with the axial direction of the limiting rod.

6. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two slots parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame are provided at both ends of the length direction of the measuring frame, an insert block is inserted in each of the slots, a connecting block is fixed on the outer wall of the insert block, and the bottom of the connecting block is connected to the top of one end of the straightening rod through a connecting shaft.

7. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A transmission rod in the width direction of the measuring frame is elastically inserted on the outer wall of the measuring frame, a clamping rod parallel to the length direction of the measuring frame is fixed on the outer wall of the transmission rod, and a clamping hole matching the clamping rod is opened on the outer wall of the straightening rod.

8. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A slider is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod, a sliding hole matching the slider is opened on the measuring frame, one end of the transmission rod extends into the insertion hole and has an inclined surface, a ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the limit rod, and the bottom of the ring wall is pressed and matched with the inclined surface.

9. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A spring is sleeved on the outer side of the transmission rod, and two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer wall of the slider and the wall of the sliding hole groove. When the sleeve ring does not touch the inclined surface of the transmission rod, the spring does not undergo elastic deformation.

10. The mining surface subsidence measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring assembly includes two main measuring shafts which are horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame and penetrate the measuring frame longitudinally. The two main measuring shafts are located between the straightening rods at both ends of the measuring frame. Two auxiliary measuring shafts are horizontally slidably connected to the measuring frame between the two main measuring shafts and penetrate the measuring frame longitudinally. The length of the auxiliary measuring shaft is less than that of the main measuring shaft.

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