Road area meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of alpine grassland vegetation preservation, and particularly relates to a road area meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method which comprises the following steps: S1, extracting a large number of turf samples along a highway according to a preset interval; s2, based on the turf sample, determining a comprehensive score after turf sampling from three dimensions of soil fertility, turf vitality and freight distance; and S3, according to the comprehensive score of the turf sampling in the current season of construction, determining the priority level of the peeled turf in the construction process. The turf sampled along the road is comprehensively evaluated through four dimensions of soil fertility, turf vitality, transportation distance and season, a construction unit can simply and quickly distinguish and strip high-quality turf in the construction period on the basis of the comprehensively evaluated grade, the turf survival rate is improved, and the turf is reasonably utilized and protected to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of alpine grassland vegetation preservation, and specifically relates to a road meadow sampling and comprehensive evaluation method and device. Background Art

[0002] Plateau turf is the most common vegetation on the plateau and is a valuable asset of the plateau. It not only beautifies the environment and purifies the air, but is also an indispensable part of ecological balance. Turf can slow down rainwater runoff, reduce soil erosion, maintain soil fertility, provide habitats and food sources for many wild animals and plants, and maintain the prosperity of biodiversity. Its roots penetrate deeply into the soil, which helps to stabilize and improve the soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and promote water circulation. However, with the acceleration of the construction of plateau roads, turf is facing the risk of being neglected and destroyed.

[0003] In grassland areas, the construction of a road often means that the grasslands within a few dozen meters on both sides will suffer serious damage, and grassland degradation and desertification are common. This not only affects the ecological function of the grassland, but also threatens the production and life of local herdsmen. At the same time, the unscientific protection and utilization of plateau meadows has also caused a second destruction of the meadows.

[0004] The amount of turf required for road greening is less than the amount of grassland occupied by the highway. Since the construction workers are unfamiliar with the turf profession and are unable to identify the quality of the turf, the quality of the turf stripped during the construction process is uneven. Many high-quality turfs are used as backfill soil due to limited space for turf storage, resulting in unnecessary waste.

[0005] Traditional turf research and analysis methods use the same turf stripping sample plots as construction sample plots, which results in a large sampling volume and makes it impossible to conduct a detailed analysis of the turf along the line. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the need for scientific sampling and evaluation of turf occupied by roads. Before turf stripping, a unified comprehensive evaluation is conducted through four dimensions: soil fertility, turf vitality, transportation distance, and season. A method and device for comprehensive evaluation of road meadow sampling is proposed. According to the evaluation results, the progress and method of stripping construction are determined to improve the survival rate of turf and maximize the reasonable use and protection of turf.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for comprehensive evaluation of road meadow sampling includes the following steps:

[0009] S1, extracting turf samples at preset intervals along the road area;

[0010] S2, determining a comprehensive score of the turf after sampling based on the turf sample from three dimensions: soil fertility, turf vitality, and transportation distance;

[0011] S3, determine the priority of turf stripping during the construction process based on the comprehensive scores of turf sampling during the construction season.

[0012] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S21, calculating a comprehensive index of soil fertility indicators according to soil fertility, obtaining a turf vitality evaluation index according to turf vitality, and obtaining the transportation distance from each section along the road to the turf storage yard;

[0014] S22, performing standardization processing on the soil fertility index comprehensive index, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance to obtain standardized data, wherein the standardization processing includes standardization processing based on positive indicators, standardization processing based on negative indicators and appropriate indicator processing;

[0015] S23, using the coefficient of variation method to determine the weight of each data after the standardized data; based on the weight and the weighted sum of the standardized data, the comprehensive score after turf sampling is obtained.

[0016] Furthermore, the step of calculating the soil fertility index according to the soil fertility includes the following steps:

[0017] C21, selecting factors related to turf growth and obtaining corresponding indicator data, wherein the factors include soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, and soil available potassium;

[0018] C22, standardize the indicator data and use the soil fertility comprehensive index calculation formula to calculate the soil fertility comprehensive index.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for obtaining a turf vitality evaluation index according to turf vitality comprises the following steps:

[0020] A21, obtain turf vitality parameter data, which include root surface area, total root length, average root diameter, number of live roots per unit volume, fresh weight of live roots per unit volume, turf coverage and soil moisture content;

[0021] A22, searching for corresponding values ​​and weights in an evaluation parameter weight setting table according to the data of the turf vitality parameter;

[0022] A23, performing weighted summation on the values ​​and weights corresponding to the turf vitality parameter data to obtain a turf vitality evaluation index.

[0023] Further, the soil fertility index comprehensive index is processed into a moderate index, the turf vitality evaluation index is processed into a standardized index based on a positive index, and the transport distance is processed into a standardized index based on a negative index, and the standardized data are obtained by the following steps:

[0024] The comprehensive index of soil fertility index is converted through the appropriate index processing formula to obtain the appropriate index value;

[0025] The turf vitality evaluation index is converted through the positive processing formula to obtain the positive processed value;

[0026] The transport distance is converted using a negative processing formula to obtain a negatively processed value.

[0027] Furthermore, the forward processing formula is:

[0028]

[0029] The negative processing formula is:

[0030]

[0031] The appropriateness index processing formula is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, x n is the indicator value, minx n is the minimum value among the indicator values, maxx n is the maximum value among the indicator values, x h is the peak value obtained after research in the indicator, y + is the value of the indicator after positive processing, y - is the value after the indicator value is negatively processed, and y' is the value after the moderate indicator is processed.

[0034] Furthermore, the weight of each data after the standardized data is determined by using the coefficient of variation method, specifically including the following steps:

[0035] First calculate the standard deviation σ of each item i :

[0036]

[0037] Then calculate the coefficient of variation CV of each item i :

[0038]

[0039] Finally, the weight of each item is W i :

[0040]

[0041] Among them, i = 1, 2, 3, representing three items of data, each of which is Y i , is the average value of each indicator.

[0042] Further, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0043] The comprehensive scores of turf sampling in each season are calculated according to steps S1 and S2 in spring, summer and autumn respectively; the priority is obtained by sorting the comprehensive scores from large to small; and the turf stripping area is reasonably planned according to the construction schedule.

[0044] Based on the same concept, a turf collection device is also proposed, which is used to extract turf samples according to any of the above-mentioned road meadow sampling comprehensive assessment methods. The device body is cylindrical, and one end of the device body includes a blade for cutting, and also includes a handle, a foot pedal and a preservation tube. The handle and the foot pedal are respectively connected to the device body, and the preservation tube is used in conjunction with the end of the device body where the blade is provided.

[0045] Furthermore, one end of the device body close to the blade includes a slide groove, a toggle push rod and a push tube, and the toggle push rod is used to drive the push tube to move along the slide groove on the device body.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0047] The method and device of the present invention comprehensively evaluate the turf sampled along the road through four dimensions: soil fertility, turf vitality, transportation distance, and season. Based on the comprehensive evaluation level, the construction unit can simply and quickly distinguish and peel off the high-quality turf during construction, thereby improving the survival rate of the turf and making the most reasonable use of and protecting the turf. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a comprehensive evaluation method for sampling meadows in road areas;

[0049] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for generating a composite score following turf sampling;

[0050] Figure 3 is a flow chart of the method for determining soil fertility of a turf sample;

[0051] Figure 4 is a flow chart of the method for determining turf vitality;

[0052] Figure 5 It is a road meadow sampling device;

[0053] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the storage tube structure;

[0054] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sampling tube;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the sampling tube;

[0056] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the sampling tube;

[0057] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sampling tube.

[0058] Figure numerals: 1-sampling tube; 11-handle; 12-push tube; 13-push rod; 14-slide groove; 15-fixed block; 16-blade; 2-foot pedal; 21-groove; 22-anti-sliding block; 3-storage tube; 31-tube body; 32-top cover; 33-air vent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present application being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies implemented based on the content of the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0060] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present application, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", "side", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship when the product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present application or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0061] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. only distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0062] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] A comprehensive evaluation method for sampling meadows on roads, the flow chart is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0065] S1, extracting turf samples at preset intervals along the road area;

[0066] S2, determining the grade of the turf after sampling based on the turf sample from three dimensions: soil fertility, turf vitality, and transportation distance;

[0067] S3, determine the priority of turf stripping during the construction process based on the comprehensive scores of turf sampling during the construction season.

[0068] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] First, the satellite image data and land red line map are pre-loaded through the software, segmented according to the stake number or plant characteristics, and the sampling points are determined by the five-point sampling method before on-site sampling. For example, after segmenting the satellite image according to the stake number or plant characteristics, the segment image is obtained. Since the road is in a strip shape, the segment image is approximately a quadrilateral. The four corners of the quadrilateral and the intersection of the diagonals are taken as sampling points, and the longitude and latitude coordinates corresponding to the sampling points are obtained in the satellite image.

[0070] Secondly, according to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the sampling point, after arriving at the sampling point using a handheld GPS, a 1m×1m rectangular area is delineated, the center point and four corners of the rectangle are selected as sampling points, and 5 samples are collected using this device. If the sample point is found to be unrepresentative and unsuitable for sampling, resampling can be performed within 10m of the point.

[0071] In step S1, two five-point sampling methods are used. The first one is used to obtain sampling points in satellite images, which helps to more comprehensively investigate regional characteristics. The second one is used to obtain a large number of turf samples at the sampling points to make the samples more representative. Through a large number of detection and analysis, the error caused by a single sampling can be reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the results can be improved.

[0072] As a specific example, take a 10km highway as an example: it is divided into 10 sections according to the pile numbers: K1, K2, K3...K10. In each section, sample plots are selected according to the above method, registered and placed in corresponding preservation tubes, and taken back to the laboratory for testing after sampling.

[0073] The flowchart of the method for generating the comprehensive score after turf sampling is as follows Figure 2 As shown, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S21, calculating a comprehensive index of soil fertility indicators according to soil fertility, obtaining a turf vitality evaluation index according to turf vitality, and obtaining the transportation distance from each section along the road to the turf storage yard;

[0075] S22, performing standardization processing on the soil fertility index comprehensive index, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance to obtain standardized data, wherein the standardization processing includes standardization processing based on positive indicators, standardization processing based on negative indicators and appropriate indicator processing;

[0076] S23, using the coefficient of variation method to determine the weight of each data after the standardized data; based on the weight and the weighted sum of the standardized data, the comprehensive score after turf sampling is obtained.

[0077] The flowchart of the method for determining the soil fertility of the turf sample in step S2 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the steps are as follows:

[0078] C21, select soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, and soil available potassium, which are related to turf growth, as considerations for soil fertility, and obtain corresponding indicator data;

[0079] C22, standardize the indicator data and use the soil fertility comprehensive index calculation formula to calculate the soil fertility comprehensive index.

[0080] Furthermore, in step C21, the consideration of soil fertility is selected based on the following reasons:

[0081] Soil organic carbon: Soil organic carbon is the basic substance of soil fertility. It can increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, increase soil looseness and aeration, and promote soil microbial reproduction, plant photosynthesis, and plant rooting.

[0082] Soil total nitrogen content: Soil total nitrogen content usually indicates that the soil has a higher nutrient supply capacity and can provide more nitrogen nutrients to plants, promoting plant growth and development.

[0083] Soil available phosphorus content: Phosphorus is a key component of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes, and plays a vital role in plant growth, development and metabolic processes.

[0084] Soil fast-acting potassium: Fast-acting potassium can promote the growth and development of plant roots, increase the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and water, and improve the plant's resistance to adversity.

[0085] Therefore, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, and soil available potassium, which are related to turf growth, were selected as considerations for soil fertility, and corresponding indicator data were obtained.

[0086] Furthermore, in step C22, the Nemerow index is used to evaluate the soil quality. The indicator data is dimensionally standardized according to the classification standard of the "National Second Soil Census Nutrient Classification Standard", and the Nemerow index is improved and expressed as P imin Replace P in Nemerow Index imax , highlighting the limiting factors of the comprehensive soil fertility index, highlighting the limitations of the worst soil fertility on plant growth, and at the same time adding the N / (N-1) correction term to improve the credibility of the evaluation. That is, the more indicators involved in the evaluation, the larger the value of N / (N-1) and the higher the credibility.

[0087] The calculation formula of soil fertility comprehensive index is:

[0088]

[0089] Where P 综 is the comprehensive index of soil fertility, (P i ) 2 min is the square of the minimum value of a single soil index, (P i ) 2 ave is the square of the average value of a single soil index, N is the number of soil indexes involved in the evaluation, and the nutrient content of the soil is quantified using Table 1, and the quantified content is shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 1 Quantification coefficient table of soil nutrient content

[0091]

[0092] Table 2 Soil single fertility coefficient and comprehensive coefficient in each section

[0093]

[0094] According to the data in Table 2, the soil fertility comprehensive index of each section of the turf sample can be calculated. Further, the flow chart of the method for determining the turf vitality in step S2 is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the steps are as follows:

[0095] A21, obtain turf vitality parameter data, which include root surface area, total root length, average root diameter, number of live roots per unit volume, fresh weight of live roots per unit volume, turf coverage and soil moisture content;

[0096] A22, searching for corresponding values ​​and weights in an evaluation parameter weight setting table according to the data of the turf vitality parameter;

[0097] A23, performing weighted summation on the values ​​and weights corresponding to the turf vitality parameter data to obtain a turf vitality evaluation index.

[0098] Furthermore, in step A21, the considerations for selecting the turf vitality parameter are based on the following reasons:

[0099] Root surface area: A larger root surface area generally means that the root system has a larger area in contact with the soil, which may have a higher ability to absorb nutrients and water. Therefore, a larger root surface area may indirectly indicate higher root activity.

[0100] Total root length: Longer total root length may mean that the roots are more widely distributed in the soil and can more effectively explore and utilize soil resources. This can also be used as an indirect indicator of root vitality.

[0101] Average root diameter: Although average root diameter itself does not directly reflect root activity, it can provide information about root structure. For example, thinner roots may have a higher surface area to volume ratio and thus may have a higher nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0102] Number of active roots per unit volume: This parameter reflects the density of active roots in the soil. A higher active root density may mean that the roots are more densely distributed in the soil, which may have a higher ability to absorb nutrients and water.

[0103] Fresh weight of live roots per unit volume: This parameter combines the number and fresh weight of live roots and may more comprehensively reflect the growth status and vitality of the root system. A higher fresh weight of live roots per unit volume may mean that the root system is healthier and more active.

[0104] Turf cover: represents the plant coverage of the turf.

[0105] Soil moisture content: It is an important indicator of soil moisture content, which directly affects the water supply of crops and the dissolution and absorption of soil nutrients. Appropriate soil moisture content is conducive to crop growth.

[0106] Therefore, root surface area, total root length, average root diameter, number of live roots per unit volume, fresh weight of live roots per unit volume, turf coverage and soil moisture content, which are related to turf growth, were selected as considerations for turf vitality, and corresponding indicator data were obtained.

[0107] The evaluation parameter weight setting table in step A22 is shown in Table 3. The method of using the table is as follows: Assuming the root surface area of ​​the sampled turf is 31cm 2 Take this as an example to illustrate. Look up the table and you will see that 31cm 2 It falls into the category of greater than 28 and less than 34, so the vitality of the turf is level three, and the value is assigned in the range of 1 to 3. 31 falls at half of the range of 28-34. The value is calculated proportionally to be half of the range of 1 to 3, so the value is 2, and the corresponding weight is 0.15, so 2 is the root surface area of ​​the turf, which is 31cm 2 When assigning a value, 0.15 is the weight of the turf root surface area.

[0108] For another example, the average root diameter is 0.65 mm, and the table corresponds to the interval of 0.66-0.74, so it belongs to the second level, and the value assigned is in the interval of [3, 5), 0.74-0.66=0.08, 0.65-0.66=0.01, then 0.55 falls at one eighth of the interval, so the value assigned is 2÷8+3=3.25, and the weight is 0.14.

[0109] Similarly, after obtaining turf samples and detecting each turf vitality parameter, the values ​​of each turf vitality parameter are obtained by looking up Table 3. The weights are obtained by scoring and evaluating through subjective weighting method combined with the knowledge and experience of multiple experts. Then, the values ​​and weights corresponding to the turf vitality parameter data are weighted and summed to obtain the turf vitality evaluation index. Table 4 shows a specific example of the turf individual items and turf vitality evaluation index of each section.

[0110] Table 3 Turf vitality parameter level setting table

[0111]

[0112] *If the actual test data is greater than the maximum value and less than the minimum value, the maximum and minimum values ​​will be recorded.

[0113] Table 4 Evaluation indexes of turf single item and turf vitality in each section

[0114]

[0115] Furthermore, the method for evaluating the turf based on the transport distance in step S2 is as follows: the highway is divided into ten sections, namely K1, K2, K3 ... K10, and the distances from the center pile numbers of the 10 sections to the planned turf storage yard are obtained accordingly. This distance is the transport distance from each section along the road to the turf storage yard. A specific transport distance from each section along the road to the turf storage yard is shown in Table 5.

[0116] Table 5 The distance from each section along the road to the turf storage area

[0117]

[0118] After obtaining the comprehensive index of soil fertility, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance, the turf samples are comprehensively evaluated.

[0119] Enter the comprehensive index of soil fertility, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance into the same table to obtain Table 6:

[0120] Table 6 Comprehensive index of soil fertility index, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance of each section along the road (No. 1, 2, 3)

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Among these three indicators, turf vitality is a positive indicator, that is, the greater the turf vitality, the better the turf growth; transportation distance is a negative indicator, that is, the shorter the transportation distance, the more cost savings; soil fertility is a moderate indicator, and soil fertility is not the greater the better, but needs to be maintained within an appropriate range to meet the growth needs of plants and maintain the balance of the soil ecosystem. After investigation and research, the fertility coefficient in the plateau area is preferably 3.75-3.95, so the optimal peak value of the fertility coefficient is (3.75+3.95) / 2=3.85, that is, x h =3.85.

[0124] Therefore, it is necessary to preprocess the data by making it dimensionless and standardized.

[0125] The dimensionless and standardized preprocessing process for the above three types of data is as follows:

[0126] Since the dimensions of the list (Table 6) are inconsistent, the data are standardized for positive and negative indicators respectively, and the formula is as follows:

[0127] The forward processing formula is:

[0128]

[0129] The negative processing formula is:

[0130]

[0131] The appropriateness index processing formula is:

[0132]

[0133] After positive index, negative index and appropriate normalization processing, the obtained appropriate index y′, positive index value y+, and negative index value y- are shown in Table 7.

[0134] Table 7 List of appropriateness index y′, positive index value y+, and negative index value y-

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] Since the positive index value and the negative index value contain 0 value, each positive index value and each negative index value is processed to be non-negative, so that each non-negative index value is not equal to 0;

[0138] The formula for the non-negative processing is:

[0139] Y + =y + +0.01;

[0140] Y - =y - +0.01;

[0141] The non-negative index value table obtained through non-negative processing is shown in Table 8.

[0142] Table 8 Non-negative index value table

[0143]

[0144] After standardizing all indicators, the coefficient of variation method is used to determine the weights. First, the standard deviation σ of each item (column) is calculated. i :

[0145]

[0146] i = 1, 2, 3, that is, each item (column) is the standard deviation of each indicator, is the average value of each indicator.

[0147] Then calculate the coefficient of variation CV of each item (column) i :

[0148]

[0149] Finally, the weight of each item (column) is W i :

[0150]

[0151] The data for determining weights using the coefficient of variation method are shown in Table 10.

[0152] Table 9 Standard deviation σ i , coefficient of variation CV i , weight W i Summary table

[0153]

[0154] Further, S3 determines the priority level of turf stripping during the construction process according to the season and the level of turf sampling, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0155] Comprehensive score tables are obtained according to the seasons. The comprehensive score tables for spring, summer and autumn are shown in Tables 10, 11 and 12.

[0156] Table 10 Comprehensive score table (Spring)

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Table 11 Comprehensive score table (summer)

[0160]

[0161] Table 12 Comprehensive score table (autumn)

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] Based on the comprehensive score, the priority of turf stripping during the construction process can be obtained. Since the growth conditions of plateau meadows are different in each quarter, it is necessary to collect, test and analyze the comprehensive scores of turf stripping in spring, summer and autumn (since the plateau climate in winter is not conducive to construction, there is no damage to the turf and it is not considered) in this way to reasonably formulate a quarterly turf stripping plan.

[0165] Because greening rate = greening area / land area, and meadow stripping rate = meadow stripping area / grassland area, greening area = meadow backpaving area ≈ meadow stripping area, and because land area ≈ grassland area, meadow stripping rate ≈ greening area / grassland area. Assuming that the road area does not change much, the grassland area in each section is equal, that is, S K1 =SK2 ……=S K10 , the greening rate is equal to the stripping area divided by the turf area, that is, the greening rate = S 绿化 / S 占地 From the above analysis, we can know that the greening rate is equal to the area of ​​​​the stripped turf divided by the turf area, that is, the greening rate = S 剥离 / S 草地 Therefore, the total turf area is equal to the area of ​​each section of turf multiplied by the number of sections, and the total greening rate is equal to the area of ​​stripped turf divided by the total turf area, that is, greening rate = S 剥离 / S Ki × N, and finally get S 剥离 =S Ki ×N×greening rate.

[0166] For example, in the spring of that year, the sections to be constructed are K1, K2, K4, K5, K6, and K9. When the greening rate of the road section is 40%, that is:

[0167] S 剥 =S Ki ×6×0.4=2.4S Ki That is, stripping the meadow from sections 2-3 can meet the greening needs of the section. According to the scores and priorities, the top three sections with the highest priorities (i.e. the top three sections with the highest scores) are selected for construction in sequence. According to the comprehensive score list 13, it can be seen that the priority sections for construction are K1, K2, and K6.

[0168] Table 13 Comprehensive score table (Spring)

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] In this case, the sections are evenly divided according to the pile numbers to determine the priority level. If uneven sections appear due to the division based on construction sections or plant characteristics, the area factor needs to be considered, and the number of samples and the comprehensive score should be increased based on the area ratio.

[0172] Example 3

[0173] In the study of meadows, the physical and chemical properties of soil and root systems need to be studied, so the meadows, their root systems and soil need to be collected together. The conventional collection method is to dig 30cm*30cm block samples on site according to the construction process of the meadows and put them in sealed bags. First, the meadows are very heavy and not conducive to transportation; second, after peeling and shipping multiple meadows, the meadows will be squeezed and collided with each other, causing the meadows to be damaged and dead, which directly affects the data distortion of later research; third, the sealed bags filled with meadows are easily broken due to the weight of the meadows, which is not conducive to preserving the meadows; fourth, a large amount of collection work will damage the meadows on site.

[0174] In response to the above problems, the present invention also discloses a device designed as a cylindrical sampling device and equipped with a preservation tube, which reduces the amount of meadow collection, maximizes the integrity of the meadow, and is easy to carry.

[0175] A turf collecting device Figure 5 As shown, a device for extracting turf samples according to a road meadow sampling comprehensive assessment method is provided. The device body is cylindrical, and one end of the device body includes a blade 16 for cutting, and also includes a handle 11, a pedal 2 and a preservation tube 3. The handle 11 and the pedal 2 are respectively connected to the device body, and the preservation tube 3 is used in conjunction with one end of the device body where the blade 16 is located.

[0176] like Figure 5-10 As shown, a turf collection device, the device body is a sampling tube 1, one end of the sampling tube 1 is a handle 11, the other end is a blade 16, and a foot pedal 2 is installed in the middle of the sampling tube 1. In addition, the end of the device body close to the blade 16 includes a groove 21, a toggle push rod 13 and a push tube 12, and the toggle push rod 13 is used to drive the push tube 12 to move along the slide groove 14 on the device body.

[0177] After reaching the meadow collection point, first align the groove 21 of the pedal 2 with the fixed block 15 of the sampling tube 1. After rising to the height of the meadow collection, the pedal 2 is rotated 180° and fixed between the two fixed blocks 15. Step on the pedal 2 with your foot until the pedal 2 is flush with the ground, rotate the handle 11 left and right, and cut off all the intertwined roots of the sampled meadow with the blade 16. Then lift the sampling tube 1, insert the tube mouth into the preservation tube 3, turn the push rod 13, push the push tube 12 downward, let the push tube 12 push the collected meadow into the preservation tube 3, cover the top cover 32, and complete the collection of one place.

[0178] Preferably, the slide groove 14 is L-shaped, and when working, the push rod 13 is moved horizontally to be fixed.

[0179] The mouth of the sampling tube 1 is slightly smaller than the mouth of the preservation tube 3. Extending the mouth of the sampling tube into the preservation tube 3 can make the meadow more complete during preservation. At the same time, it fits the tube wall in the preservation tube 3 so that the meadow root system will not be shaken and damaged during transportation.

[0180] The sampling tube 1 has a plurality of fixing blocks 15, which can be used to collect samples according to different meadow thicknesses. The spacing between two fixing blocks 15 is consistent with the thickness of the foot pedal 2.

[0181] The bottom of the pedal 2 is provided with two arc-shaped blades, both sides of which are sharpened, and can be rotated in clockwise and counterclockwise directions to cut the meadow root system.

[0182] The storage tube 3 and the top cover 32 are both made of acrylic material so that the state of the meadow can be checked at any time. The top cover 32 has a plurality of air holes 33 to facilitate the breathing of the meadow plants.

[0183] The device can be disassembled and is easy to carry.

[0184] In summary, the schemes or descriptions presented in the specific embodiments and drawings of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of protection claimed, but are merely selected embodiments / cases to help technicians understand the relevant innovative solutions. Based on these embodiments, all other equivalent or parallel embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for comprehensive evaluation of road meadow sampling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, extracting turf samples at preset intervals along the road area; S2, determining a comprehensive score of the turf after sampling based on the turf sample from three dimensions: soil fertility, turf vitality, and transportation distance; S3, determine the priority of turf stripping during the construction process based on the comprehensive scores of turf sampling during the construction season.

2. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, calculating a comprehensive index of soil fertility indicators according to soil fertility, obtaining a turf vitality evaluation index according to turf vitality, and obtaining the transportation distance from each section along the road to the turf storage yard; S22, performing standardization processing on the soil fertility index comprehensive index, turf vitality evaluation index and transportation distance to obtain standardized data, wherein the standardization processing includes standardization processing based on positive indicators, standardization processing based on negative indicators and appropriate indicator processing; S23, using the coefficient of variation method to determine the weight of each data after the standardized data; based on the weight and the weighted sum of the standardized data, the comprehensive score after turf sampling is obtained.

3. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating the soil fertility index comprehensive index according to soil fertility includes the following steps: C21, selecting factors related to turf growth and obtaining corresponding indicator data, wherein the factors include soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, and soil available potassium; C22, standardize the indicator data and use the soil fertility comprehensive index calculation formula to calculate the soil fertility comprehensive index.

4. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The method for obtaining a turf vitality evaluation index according to turf vitality comprises the following steps: A21, obtain turf vitality parameter data, which include root surface area, total root length, average root diameter, number of live roots per unit volume, fresh weight of live roots per unit volume, turf coverage and soil moisture content; A22, searching for corresponding values ​​and weights in an evaluation parameter weight setting table according to the data of the turf vitality parameter; A23, performing weighted summation on the values ​​and weights corresponding to the turf vitality parameter data to obtain a turf vitality evaluation index.

5. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The soil fertility index comprehensive index is processed into a moderate index, the turf vitality evaluation index is processed into a standardized index based on a positive index, and the transport distance is processed into a standardized index based on a negative index. The standardized data are obtained by the following steps: The comprehensive index of soil fertility index is converted through the appropriate index processing formula to obtain the appropriate index value; The turf vitality evaluation index is converted through the positive processing formula to obtain the value after positive processing; The transport distance is converted using a negative processing formula to obtain a negatively processed value.

6. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The forward processing formula is: The negative processing formula is: The appropriateness index processing formula is: Among them, x n is the indicator value, minx n is the minimum value among the indicator values, maxx n is the maximum value of the indicator value, x h is the peak value obtained after research in the indicator, y + is the value of the indicator after positive processing, y - is the value after the indicator value is negatively processed, and y' is the appropriate indicator value.

7. A road meadow sampling comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The method of using the coefficient of variation method to determine the weight of each data after the standardized data processing specifically includes the following steps: First calculate the standard deviation σ of each item i : Then calculate the coefficient of variation CV of each item i : Finally, the weight of each item is W i : Among them, i = 1, 2, 3, representing three items of data, each of which is Y i , is the average value of each indicator.

8. A road meadow sampling and comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: The comprehensive scores of turf sampling in each season are calculated according to steps S1 and S2 in spring, summer and autumn respectively; the priority is obtained by sorting the comprehensive scores from large to small; and the turf stripping area is reasonably planned according to the construction schedule.

9. A turf collecting device, characterized in that: Used for extracting turf samples according to a road meadow sampling and comprehensive assessment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the device body is cylindrical, one end of the device body includes a blade (16) for cutting, and also includes a handle (11), a pedal (2) and a storage tube (3), the handle (11) and the pedal (2) are respectively connected to the device body, and the storage tube (3) is used in conjunction with one end of the device body provided with the blade (16).

10. A grass collecting device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the device body close to the blade (16) comprises a slide groove (14), a toggle push rod (13) and a push tube (12), wherein the toggle push rod (13) is used to drive the push tube (12) to move along the slide groove (14) on the device body.

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