Risk evaluation method and system for ecological environment of coal mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a risk evaluation method and system for a coal mine ecological environment. The method comprises the following steps: determining a risk control stage corresponding to each risk source, and determining preset evaluation values of different risk elements of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; determining a risk weight of each risk element of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target; and determining a comprehensive evaluation value of each risk element in the corresponding risk control stage according to the preset evaluation value and the risk weight of each risk element. According to the invention, by analyzing the risk factors of the ecological geological environment of the coal mine and dividing according to the mining stages, a targeted risk control target can be provided, which not only helps a mine manager to identify main risks in different stages, but also can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of risk management, thereby ensuring the safe proceeding of mining activities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of coal mine geological environment assessment, and in particular relates to a risk assessment method and system for the ecological environment of a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Coal, a vital energy resource, is widely mined and utilized worldwide. However, coal mining not only has a significant impact on the environment but also carries a series of ecological and geological risks. These risks, which increase and then decrease with the cyclical nature of mining activities, pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and the lives of residents.

[0003] Traditional risk scoring methods often focus solely on a specific phase of mining activities, ignoring the dynamic changes in ecological and geological environmental risks throughout the entire mining cycle. In reality, the coal mining cycle is characterized by distinct phases, including preliminary preparation, mining operations, mid- and late-stage maintenance, and mine closure and reclamation. The risk factors, magnitude, and impact areas of each phase vary, and there are complex correlations and influences between them.

[0004] However, existing risk assessment technologies often find it difficult to comprehensively and systematically consider the dynamic changes and interrelationships of risk factors throughout the entire mining cycle, resulting in inaccurate and incomplete risk assessment results, making it difficult to provide a scientific basis for the protection of the ecological and geological environment of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a risk assessment method and system for the ecological environment of coal mines.

[0006] The present invention discloses a method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine, comprising the following steps: Determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source, and determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; Determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; Determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage based on the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

[0007] Preferably, the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined as follows: Determine a first weight value for each risk source relative to a preset risk control target; Determine a second weight value of each risk factor relative to the corresponding risk source; The risk weight of each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target is determined based on the first weight value and the second weight value.

[0008] Preferably, the first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined as follows: Determine the importance of each risk source to the preset risk control objectives based on expert scoring and pairwise comparison, and generate a judgment matrix based on multiple importance scores; A first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target is determined based on the judgment matrix.

[0009] Preferably, the risk weight of each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target is determined based on the first weight value and the second weight value, specifically: Determining a third weight value of each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target based on the first weight value and the second weight value; Normalize the multiple third weight values ​​to obtain the risk weight of each risk factor relative to the preset risk control target.

[0010] Preferably, the first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: determining a consistency ratio according to the judgment matrix; A first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target is determined based on the consistency ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the consistency ratio is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: Determining a consistency index according to the judgment matrix; A random consistency indicator is obtained, and a consistency ratio is determined according to the consistency indicator and the random consistency indicator.

[0012] Preferably, the consistency index is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: Determining a fourth weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target according to the judgment matrix; A consistency index is determined according to the plurality of fourth weight values.

[0013] Preferably, the first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined according to the consistency ratio, specifically: comparing the consistency ratio with a preset value; The multiple fourth weight values ​​are updated according to the comparison result to obtain multiple first weight values.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a risk assessment system for the ecological environment of a coal mine, comprising: The risk determination module is used to determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source and determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; A risk weight determination module, used to determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; The comprehensive evaluation value determination module is used to determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage based on the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention analyzes the ecological and geological environmental risk factors of coal mines and divides them according to the mining stage, so as to propose targeted risk control targets. This not only helps mine managers identify the main risks at different stages, but also effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of risk management, thereby ensuring the safe conduct of mining activities; (2) The mine ecological geological environment risk assessment model established by the present invention based on the analytic hierarchy process theory can accurately analyze and calculate the weight and consistency of each risk factor. This model provides a scientific decision-making basis for mine managers; (3) By effectively identifying, evaluating, and quantifying the ecological and geological environmental risks of coal mines, this invention can formulate more reasonable mining plans and ecological restoration measures, thereby promoting the sustainable development of mines. At the same time, this will also help to ensure the ecological and environmental safety of surrounding areas and reduce the negative impacts caused by mining activities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a corresponding relationship diagram of the risk sources, risk factors and risk control stages of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In the following description, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation, to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

[0018] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention discloses a method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source and the preset evaluation values ​​of the different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; In one embodiment, each risk source and its corresponding risk control stage are determined as follows: The main ecological and geological environmental issues in mining areas are summarized. Coal resource extraction damages the ecological and geological environment in mining areas, increasing the ecological and geological environmental risks in mining areas. Those skilled in the art have summarized the main ecological and geological environmental issues caused by mining by reviewing, sorting, and compiling relevant literature. See Table 1 for details.

[0019] Table 1 Statistics of major ecological and geological environmental problems

[0020] Through statistical analysis of the above cases, the ecological and geological environmental problems caused by coal mining mainly include geological disasters, land loss, vegetation destruction and water and soil pollution.

[0021] Furthermore, when considering the geological environment of the mining area and the impact of human management and measures on its ecological geological environment, we subdivide the environmental influencing factors into topography, stratigraphic and coal seam characteristics, meteorology and hydrology, etc.; while human factors cover exploration and design, ecological restoration measures, organization and management, etc.

[0022] According to relevant risk identification theories, risks can be divided into three categories: environmental, state, and human. The simultaneous presence of these three risk sources is considered a necessary condition for risk occurrence. When two of these conditions are met, but the third is in dynamic flux, this variable factor becomes a critical factor and requires focused control.

[0023] In combination with the characteristics of the formation of ecological and geological environmental risks in coal mines and referring to existing relevant research results, we further refine the above three types of risk sources into the following ten risk factors: topography and landforms, stratum and coal seam characteristics, meteorology and hydrology, geological disasters, land pressure loss, vegetation destruction, water and soil pollution, exploration and design, ecological restoration measures, and organizational management.

[0024] Risk control refers to blocking or reducing risks by limiting the occurrence or reaching of certain factors. According to the characteristics of the ecological and environmental risks of coal mines, the mining and construction can set risk control targets in stages and establish a risk control system model. The risk control system model mainly includes three levels: risk sources, risk factors and control stages, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0025] The control phase includes pre-mining, in-mining, and post-mining control. Pre-mining control refers to risk management during the project decision-making, exploration, design, and mining preparation stages. Specific tasks include collecting relevant mining area data, conducting exploration and analysis, developing reasonable engineering and mining organization designs, and anticipating potential ecological and geological impacts to mitigate the likelihood of risk. Key control elements during this phase include topographic and geomorphic characteristics, stratum and coal seam characteristics, and meteorological and hydrological characteristics.

[0026] Mining control refers to risk management from the start of mining to closure. Specific work includes applying advanced technologies to minimize disturbances to the rock and soil in the mining area, reducing the frequency and scale of geological disasters; rationally planning plant design, mining design, and spoil dump design to minimize land damage, vegetation destruction, and soil and water pollution; actively formulating regulations and systems for ecological and environmental protection, implementing green mining concepts and technologies, adopting a mining-to-restoration strategy, and actively taking measures tailored to local conditions for ecological restoration, in order to reduce the likelihood of risks. Key control elements during this stage include seven areas: geological disasters, land loss, vegetation destruction, soil and water pollution, exploration and design, ecological restoration measures, and organization and management.

[0027] Post-mining control refers to the period from mine closure to the gradual recovery of the ecological and geological environment. Because the impact of mining on the local ecological and geological environment is characterized by a certain degree of lag and persistence, and ecological and environmental restoration requires a certain amount of time, related work needs to be further extended. Specific work content includes geological hazards, ecological restoration measures, and organization and management.

[0028] Determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage. Specifically, consult the data to obtain the scoring standard table of each risk factor, and those skilled in the art give the corresponding evaluation value based on their own judgment. The following is a process for determining the preset evaluation value in one embodiment: Topography and landforms mainly consider the impact of altitude, landform type and its changes, and terrain slope on vegetation growth and rock and soil structural deformation. The specific scoring criteria are shown in Table 2.

[0029] Table 2 Scoring criteria for topographic and geomorphological indicators

[0030] The characteristics of strata and coal seams mainly consider the adverse effects of stratum lithology and coal seam lithology on the ecological geological environment during mining activities. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 3.

[0031] Table 3. Grading criteria for formation lithology indicators

[0032] Meteorological and hydrological factors mainly consider the adverse effects of the annual precipitation in the mining area, the development of the water system around the mining area, and the corresponding hydraulic connections on vegetation development and rock and soil deformation. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 4.

[0033] Table 4 Meteorological and hydrological index scoring criteria

[0034] Geological disasters refer to the redistribution of stress in underground goafs and rock and soil caused by coal resource mining in mining areas. Considering the scale and number of geological disasters caused by mining in mining areas and their adverse effects on production, life safety and the ecological environment, the specific classification standards are shown in Table 5.

[0035] Table 5 Geological hazard index scoring standards

[0036] Land loss mainly considers the adverse effects of mining production on land resources and is evaluated based on the soil fertility status and land loss area. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 6.

[0037] Table 6 Land damage index scoring criteria

[0038] Vegetation destruction mainly considers the adverse effects of mining production on vegetation and is evaluated based on the growth environment and development status of vegetation. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 7.

[0039] Table 7 Vegetation damage index scoring criteria

[0040] Water and soil pollution mainly considers the adverse effects of mining production on water bodies in mining areas, and is evaluated from the aspects of water mineralization, water and soil pollution and their diffusion trends. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 8.

[0041] Table 8 Scoring criteria for water and soil pollution indicators

[0042] Exploration and design mainly consider the impact of coal mine ecological geological exploration technology, the implementation of relevant ecological protection and restoration concepts in design, and resource mining intensity on the mine ecological geological environment. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 9.

[0043] Table 9 Scoring criteria for exploration and design indicators

[0044] Ecological restoration measures mainly consider the impact of the strategies, pertinence and effects of relevant ecological restoration measures on the geological environment of mines. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 10.

[0045] Table 10 Scoring criteria for ecological restoration measures

[0046] Organization and management mainly consider the impact of organization and management in mine production on the mine's ecological and geological environment, including relevant ecological protection and restoration regulations, management implementation and measures, etc. The specific classification standards are shown in Table 11.

[0047] Table 11 Scoring criteria for organization and management indicators

[0048] Take the process of obtaining the preset evaluation value of the risk factors of a coal mine as an example: The mine produces 12 million tons of coal annually. It operates underground and is currently in continuous production. Risks associated with the post-mining phase are reasonably estimated based on available literature and data.

[0049] The following is an analysis and scoring of risk factors in environmental risk sources: 1. Topography The topography of the coal mine is high in the northwest and southwest, and low in the middle, with an average elevation of 1,200 meters and a relative height difference of about 400 meters. The landforms in the coal mine area are mainly sandy beaches and loess gullies.

[0050] The topography score before mining was 75 points. During mining, due to the changes in topography caused by ground subsidence and mining construction, the score was 85 points. It is estimated that the score for restoration of relevant topography after mining will be 75 points.

[0051] 2. Strata and coal seam characteristics The strata in this mining area are, from oldest to newest, the thick layered quartz sandstone of the Yongping Formation of the Upper Triassic, interbedded with mudstone and sandy mudstone; the sandstone, sandy mudstone, mudstone and coal seams of the Yan'an Formation of the Middle Jurassic; the sandy mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, interbedded with green-gray mudstone of the Zhiluo Formation of the Middle Jurassic; the thick layered sandstone of the Anding Formation of the Middle Jurassic, interbedded with thin mudstone; the rest are Neogene clay and Quaternary loess.

[0052] The coal seams in the mining area are generally thicker in the north and thinner in the south, with a thickness range of about 0.7~9.5m and a dip angle of less than 2°. The coal seam structure is simple and the occurrence is stable.

[0053] The overall regional strata are mainly sandstone and mudstone, with a gentle dip angle of the coal seams and an overall score of 60 points.

[0054] 3. Meteorology and hydrology The survey area has a typical mid-temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate. The coal mine's location has an average annual rainfall of 380-415 mm. Annual precipitation is low, but evaporation is high. The mine's area also has a well-developed surface water system.

[0055] The overall score is 70 points.

[0056] The following is the analysis and scoring of risk factors in the status risk source: 1. Geological disasters There are 2 collapse disasters in the mining area, both of which are small-scale and low-risk. There are 3 goaf collapses in the mining area, with a total area of ​​2.3km2 4.6km 2 、0.37 km 2 As mining activities continue in the later stages, the scope and scale of ground subsidence will continue to expand.

[0057] The overall score is 75 points.

[0058] 2. Land damage The mining area is 119.77km 2 The coal gangue field in the mining area covers an area of ​​0.066km 2 The coal mine produces 561,400 tons of waste rock annually, of which excavation waste rock is used to fill abandoned underground tunnels, and 497,300 tons of screening waste rock are used. On-site investigations show that there is no waste rock piled in the waste rock dump, and the site has been covered and compacted. The area of ​​land damaged by permanent construction land such as industrial sites and roads is about 0.68 km 2 , accounting for less than 30%. The effective soil layer thickness is greater than 60cm, but the soil fertility is poor.

[0059] The overall score is 50 points.

[0060] 3. Vegetation destruction Before mining, the natural ecological background of the mining area was fragile, with sparse vegetation, mainly sandy areas and grasslands.

[0061] Grassland is the primary land use type in the mining area. Natural grassland accounts for 70.70% of the survey area and is widely distributed. It primarily grows cold- and drought-tolerant herbaceous vegetation, with low coverage. Artificial grassland accounts for 0.63% of the survey area, primarily distributed around cultivated land and villages, with a coverage of approximately 40%. The second largest land use type is forestland, which accounts for 8.35% of the survey area and is primarily composed of shrubs. This low-coverage forest is primarily composed of naturally occurring shrubs and semi-shrubs, such as Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, and Artemisia ordosica. Patches of forestland occur around roads and villages, primarily consisting of artificially planted or naturally secondary Populus simonii or Ulmus pumila forests, with a coverage of approximately 70%.

[0062] The overall vegetation is relatively small, mainly shrubs and grasses, with an overall score of 85 points.

[0063] 4. Water and soil pollution According to on-site investigations and documentation, the coal mine's domestic wastewater is 100% reused after treatment, and the majority of treated mine water is reused, with a small amount meeting standards for discharge. This results in minimal soil pollution. Coal gangue, coal dust, and fine dust contain no soil-polluting elements, so coal screening, transportation, and gangue storage contribute minimal soil pollution.

[0064] The overall score is 30 points.

[0065] The following is an analysis and scoring of risk factors in man-made risk sources: 1. Investigation and design Since reaching full production in 2010, the coal mine has a production scale of 12.00Mt / a. In the early days, traditional exploration technologies and processes were adopted, and the concept of ecological geological exploration and design was relatively weak. Later, with the development of relevant green mining technologies and concepts, and the continuous improvement of ecological environment restoration and management, coal mining technology has entered the intelligent and integrated stage.

[0066] The overall score is 60 points.

[0067] 2. Ecological restoration measures A three-dimensional restoration model, based on reclamation and greening, is being adopted. Terracing is being built to create high-quality farmland and promote ecological agriculture. On sloping areas, economic forests are being planted to develop the fruit and vegetable industry. Mine water is being recycled to supplement irrigation sources. Microbial reclamation techniques, such as mycorrhizae, are being used to accelerate ecological recovery in the mining area. Where suitable for agriculture, agriculture is being cultivated; where suitable for forestry, forestry is being cultivated; where suitable for fruit production, fruit trees are being cultivated. Currently, the forest and grass coverage rate in the mining area has reached 30%.

[0068] The comprehensive status score is 40 points.

[0069] 3. Organization and Management The coal mine has a comprehensive planning, overall promotion, and active implementation of scientific management methods. According to relevant data, the benefits of the mining area are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the effect of preventing and controlling soil erosion is remarkable; second, we adhere to the concept of building an ecological green mine and construct a complex ecosystem combining trees, shrubs and grasses according to local conditions; third, the mine construction has complete soil and water conservation measures, and has built various ecological scenic spots to effectively control soil erosion, reduce wind and sand hazards, and conserve water resources.

[0070] In terms of the organization and management of the coal mine, the first step is to establish a special organization and leadership body; the second step is to strengthen the construction of soil and water conservation system; and the third step is to actively promote the optimization and design of mine ecological restoration measures.

[0071] The comprehensive risk score is 20 points.

[0072] S2. Determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; Preferably, S2 is specifically: S21. Determine a first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target; Preferably, S21 is specifically: S211. Determine the importance score of each risk source to the preset risk control objectives based on expert scoring and pairwise comparison, and obtain a judgment matrix based on the multiple importance scores; S212. Determine a first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target according to the judgment matrix.

[0073] Preferably, S212 is specifically: S2121. Determine the consistency ratio according to the judgment matrix; S2122. Determine a first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target based on the consistency ratio.

[0074] Preferably, S2121 is specifically: S21211. Determine consistency index based on judgment matrix; S21212. Obtain a random consistency index, and determine a consistency ratio based on the consistency index and the random consistency index.

[0075] Preferably, S21211 is specifically: S212111. Determine a fourth weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target based on the judgment matrix; S212112. Determine a consistency index based on multiple fourth weight values.

[0076] Preferably, S2122 is specifically: S21221. Compare the consistency ratio with a preset value; S21222. Update the multiple fourth weight values ​​according to the comparison result to obtain multiple first weight values.

[0077] S22. Determine a second weight value of each risk factor relative to the corresponding risk source; The following is a specific embodiment of determining the first weight value and the second weight value: After identifying risk sources and risk factors, this paper constructs a risk control system model (three-layer structure: target layer A, criterion layer B, and solution layer C) based on the basic principles of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The target layer has a single element: preventing damage to the mine's ecological and geological environment. The criterion layer is divided into environmental risk sources B1, state risk sources B2, and human risk sources B3 based on risk sources. The solution layer is divided into topographic and geomorphological characteristics C1, stratum and coal seam characteristics C2, meteorology and hydrology C3, geological disasters C4, land pressure loss C5, vegetation destruction C6, water and soil pollution C7, exploration and design C8, ecological restoration measures C9, and organization and management C10 based on risk factors.

[0078] After establishing the risk control system model, the present invention invited scholars and engineers in the field of mine ecological restoration to form an expert group. The members included 3 professors, 5 associate professors, 2 professor-level senior engineers, 10 senior engineers, and 6 engineers. Based on the expert group's consultation, investigation, and literature review, the relative importance of two factors at the same level was compared with the corresponding factors at the previous level. The 1-9 scaling method was used to quantify the comparison results, and the judgment matrix was constructed using the results of the quantitative comparison. Construct a judgment matrix A = [aij], and determine its judgment matrix by comparing each pair of single layers, and aij>0, aij=1 / aji, aii=1; aji is determined by the 9-degree scale method, that is: take 1 when ai and aj are equally important; take 3 when ai is slightly more important than aj; take 5 when ai is more important than aj; take 7 when ai is very important than aj; take 9 when ai is absolutely more important than aj; otherwise, take 1 / 3, 1 / 5, 1 / 7, 1 / 9, 2, 4, 6, 8 as the scales of the intermediate state reactions between the pairwise judgment elements; then construct the judgment matrix according to the above principles, and the judgment matrices are listed in Tables 12 to 15.

[0079]

[0080] On the basis of the judgment matrix, the maximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix and its corresponding eigenvector W are calculated. After normalizing the eigenvector, the relative importance weight vectors w1, w2, w3…w of the corresponding hierarchical unit ranking can be obtained. i ; Use the maximum eigenvalue λmax and the weight vector to calculate the consistency index CI, look up the table to get the random consistency index RI, and then obtain the ratio CR (random consistency ratio) of CI and RI and perform a consistency test. The results are shown in Table 16.

[0081] Table 16 A-B judgment matrix weight values ​​and consistency test

[0082] S23. Determine the risk weight of each risk factor relative to the preset risk control target based on the first weight value and the second weight value.

[0083] Preferably, S23 is specifically: S231. Determine a third weight value for each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target based on the first weight value and the second weight value; S232. Normalize the multiple third weight values ​​to obtain the risk weight of each risk factor relative to the preset risk control target.

[0084] For all elements at the scenario level, the risk weight of each element is obtained by multiplying the weight values ​​in the A-B matrix with the weight values ​​in the B-C matrix. The risk weights of the risk control influencing factors at the three stages are normalized to obtain the weight values ​​of the influencing factors at that stage. The calculation results are shown in Table 17.

[0085] Table 17 Total weight of indicators and key elements of each stage

[0086] S3. Determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage based on the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

[0087] In S3, the comprehensive evaluation values ​​of the mining area in the three risk control stages are calculated respectively. The calculation results are listed in Table 18. According to the calculation analysis, it can be obtained that: Table 18 Comprehensive scores of the coal mine at each stage

[0088] The risk assessment for the mid-mining phase is higher than that for the pre-mining phase, but the difference is not significant. This is because the mine actively adopted relevant green mining technologies and ecological restoration measures during its initial development. The pre-mining ecological and geological environmental risks in this mining area depend on the long-established ecological and environmental characteristics of the region. The ecological and geological environmental risks during the mid-mining and post-mining phases primarily depend on the implementation of green mining concepts and the restoration and management of ecological restoration measures.

[0089] The coal mine is located in an area with a relatively fragile ecological environment. Subsequent mining operations have significantly damaged the mining area's ecological environment. However, environmental protection concepts and related restoration measures have played a positive role in promoting this. This demonstrates that proactive ecological restoration measures and the application of green mining technologies are crucial for improving the ecological and geological environment of the entire mining area, particularly in ecologically fragile areas. The overall ecological and geological environmental risk level for the mining area is medium.

[0090] During this study, we found that the risk scores of some factors in the pre-, mid-, and post-mining stages showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In ecologically fragile areas, the post-mining ecological and environmental risks may even be lower than the pre-mining stage. This suggests that the traditional contradiction between mining and ecological and environmental protection can be effectively reduced by adopting green mining methods and reasonable and effective ecological restoration concepts and measures. Given the complexity of the factors influencing mining, further research is needed on ecological background characteristics, comprehensive indicator systems, and quantitative risk assessment to further ensure the safety of mining and the ecological environment.

[0091] The present invention also discloses a risk assessment system for the ecological environment of a coal mine, comprising: The risk determination module is used to determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source and determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; A risk weight determination module, used to determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; The comprehensive evaluation value determination module is used to determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage based on the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

[0092] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention analyzes the ecological and geological environmental risk factors of coal mines and divides them according to the mining stage, so as to propose targeted risk control targets. This not only helps mine managers identify the main risks at different stages, but also effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of risk management, thereby ensuring the safe conduct of mining activities; (2) The mine ecological geological environment risk assessment model established by the present invention based on the analytic hierarchy process theory can accurately analyze and calculate the weight and consistency of each risk factor. This model provides a scientific decision-making basis for mine managers; (3) By effectively identifying, evaluating, and quantifying the ecological and geological environmental risks of coal mines, this invention can formulate more reasonable mining plans and ecological restoration measures, thereby promoting the sustainable development of mines. At the same time, this will also help to ensure the ecological and environmental safety of surrounding areas and reduce the negative impacts caused by mining activities.

[0093] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application discloses the preferred embodiments as above, they are not intended to limit the present application. Any technical personnel familiar with the present profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, using the technical content disclosed above to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source, and determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; Determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; Determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage based on the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

2. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target, specifically: Determine a first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target; Determine a second weight value of each risk factor relative to the corresponding risk source; The risk weight of each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target is determined according to the first weight value and the second weight value.

3. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determine the first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target, specifically: Determine the importance score of each risk source to the preset risk control target based on expert scoring and pairwise comparison method, and obtain a judgment matrix based on multiple importance scores; A first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target is determined according to the judgment matrix.

4. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The risk weight of each risk factor relative to the preset risk control target is determined according to the first weight value and the second weight value, specifically: Determine a third weight value of each risk factor relative to a preset risk control target according to the first weight value and the second weight value; The multiple third weight values ​​are normalized to obtain the risk weight of each risk factor relative to the preset risk control target.

5. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: determining a consistency ratio according to the judgment matrix; A first weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target is determined according to the consistency ratio.

6. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The consistency ratio is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: Determining a consistency index according to the judgment matrix; A random consistency indicator is obtained, and a consistency ratio is determined according to the consistency indicator and the random consistency indicator.

7. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The consistency index is determined according to the judgment matrix, specifically: Determine a fourth weight value of each risk source relative to a preset risk control target according to the judgment matrix; A consistency index is determined according to the plurality of fourth weight values.

8. The method for risk assessment of the ecological environment of a coal mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first weight value of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target is determined according to the consistency ratio, specifically: comparing the consistency ratio with a preset value; The multiple fourth weight values ​​are updated according to the comparison result to obtain the multiple first weight values.

9. A risk assessment system for the ecological environment of coal mines, characterized in that: include: The risk determination module is used to determine the risk control stage corresponding to each risk source and determine the preset evaluation values ​​of different risk factors of each risk source in the corresponding risk control stage; A risk weight determination module, used to determine the risk weight of each risk factor of each risk source relative to the preset risk control target; The comprehensive evaluation value determination module is used to determine the comprehensive evaluation value of each risk factor in the corresponding risk control stage according to the preset evaluation value and risk weight of each risk factor.

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