Z pinch collapse stage charged particle collection apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a Z pinch collapse stage charged particle collecting device and method, relates to a charged ion collecting device generated in a Z pinch collapse stage of a wire array, and aims at solving the technical problem that the existing Z pinch collapse stage generated charged particles lack effective shielding, can easily cause irreversible damage to optical devices, not only interferes with quantitative measurement of X-rays, but also seriously affects the service life of the X-ray measuring device. The application adopts a segmented design and is divided into three parts of a collector, a gasket and an end cover. Two end covers are respectively arranged on the upper and lower end faces of the collector, the gasket is arranged between the end cover and the collector, and the end cover and the collector are fixedly connected through bolts. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, miniaturization and detachability, can be fixed in the interior of a pinch device, and can complete the collection and measurement of charged particles in a vacuum environment. Therefore, the influence on the X-ray measuring device is avoided, and the interference with the quantitative measurement of X-rays is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device and method for collecting charged ions generated during the pinch-down collapse stage of a metal wire array, specifically to a device and method for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch-down collapse stage. Background Technology

[0002] Z-pinch technology enables highly efficient conversion from pulsed power driver-driven electrical energy storage to X-ray radiation, and is one of the technological approaches to achieving inertial confinement fusion. The Z-pinch implosion radiation process mainly goes through four stages: the explosion ionization stage, the implosion stage, the stagnation thermalization stage, and the collapse stage. The radiation parameters and spatiotemporal distribution of the X-rays generated during the implosion process are key parameters for studying the Z-pinch physics process. However, in the collapse stage, Z-pinch implosion instability develops, the magnetic pressure and thermal pressure become unbalanced, and the plasma scatters outward, producing a large number of charged particles, loaded micro-fragments, and other splashed material.

[0003] During the experiment, multiple diagnostic systems for measuring various physical data were installed around the target chamber. However, according to diagnostic requirements, the X-ray streak camera had to be installed near the target chamber and connected to the diagnostic window, with the camera's cathode directly facing the target center. This made the camera's photocathode and metal grid susceptible to damage from high-speed charged particles and explosive particles generated during the discharge process. If the charged particles in the spatter are not effectively shielded, they can cause irreversible damage to the optical components, interfering not only with quantitative X-ray measurement but also seriously threatening the lifespan of the X-ray measuring device.

[0004] However, the types and velocity distribution of charged particles generated by filament array pinching are not yet clear, and further research is urgently needed on the characteristics of charged particles generated during the collapse process of metal filament array pinching. To meet the needs of Z-pinch plasma research and measurement, extend the service life of measurement equipment, accurately measure X-ray yield, and study the characteristics of charged particles such as type and velocity during the collapse stage of metal filament array pinching, it is necessary to design an effective measurement and collection device to conduct research on the characteristics of charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse stage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that the charged particles generated during the Z-pinch collapse stage lack effective shielding, which can easily cause irreversible damage to optical devices, not only interfering with the quantitative measurement of X-rays, but also seriously affecting the service life of X-ray measuring devices. The invention proposes a device and method for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse stage.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage, characterized in that it includes a collector, an end cap, and a gasket;

[0008] The collector is provided with a deflection area, which is a semi-circular hollow part formed by a semi-circular edge and a diameter edge; the inner wall of the semi-circular edge of the deflection area has evenly distributed holes for placing Faraday cylinders; a collimation hole parallel to the diameter edge is provided at one of the joints of the semi-circular edge and the diameter edge of the hollow part.

[0009] The end caps are respectively installed on the upper and lower end faces of the collector, and magnetic poles are respectively provided on the side of the end caps that are in contact with the collector. The two magnetic poles are used to generate a uniform magnetic field in the deflection region.

[0010] A gasket is installed between the end cap and the collector, and the gasket has a hollow area that matches the magnetic pole.

[0011] Furthermore, a recessed clearance area is provided at the connection between the deflection area and the collimation hole, and the clearance area is a rectangular groove or a circular groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the magnetic poles are permanent magnets embedded in the side of the end cap; the end cap, gasket, and collector are all made of ferromagnetic material.

[0013] Furthermore, the center of the deflection zone is located on the central axis of the collector and close to one of the sides perpendicular to the central axis of the collector.

[0014] Furthermore, the collector is provided with a plurality of screw holes evenly distributed around its circumference, and the gasket and the end cap are provided with the same screw holes at corresponding positions. The end cap and the gasket are fixedly connected to the collector by bolts.

[0015] A charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage is characterized by comprising a collector, an end cap, and a gasket.

[0016] The collector is provided with a deflection area, which is a rectangular hollow part; one of the inner sides of the collector is provided with a collimation hole parallel to the inner side; the inner walls of the other three inner sides of the deflection area are evenly distributed with holes for placing Faraday cylinders.

[0017] The end caps are respectively installed on the upper and lower end faces of the collector, and magnetic poles are respectively provided on the side of the end caps that are in contact with the collector. The two magnetic poles are used to generate a uniform magnetic field in the deflection region.

[0018] A gasket is installed between the end cap and the collector, and the gasket has a hollow area that matches the magnetic pole.

[0019] Furthermore, the magnetic poles are permanent magnets embedded in the side of the end cap; the end cap, gasket, and collector are all made of ferromagnetic material.

[0020] Furthermore, the center of the deflection region coincides with the center of the collector.

[0021] Furthermore, the collector is provided with a plurality of screw holes evenly distributed around its circumference, and the gasket and the end cap are provided with the same screw holes at corresponding positions. The end cap and the gasket are fixedly connected to the collector by bolts.

[0022] A method for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse stage, based on a Z-pinch collapse stage charged particle collection device, is characterized by the following steps:

[0023] 1) The collimating aperture filters out charged particles whose incident direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field, allowing them to enter the collector;

[0024] 2) Charged particles enter different holes vertically through the deflection zone, and the Faraday tubes inside the holes collect the charged particles that enter vertically into the Faraday tubes.

[0025] 3) Measure the magnitude of the current inside the Faraday cage;

[0026] 4) Depending on the different clamping materials or the different characteristics of charged particles, change the magnetic field strength of the deflection zone by changing the parameters of the magnetic poles and / or changing the thickness of the pads. Repeat steps 1-3 to collect new charged particles and obtain the measurement current.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage of this invention adopts a segmented design, consisting of three parts: a collector, gaskets, and end caps. The end caps are located on the upper and lower end faces of the collector, respectively. Gaskets are installed between the end caps and the collector, and the connection is secured with bolts. The device has a compact structure, is miniaturized, and is detachable. It can be fixed inside the pinch device to complete the collection and measurement of charged particles in a vacuum environment. This avoids interference with X-ray measurement devices and reduces interference with quantitative X-ray measurements.

[0029] 2. In this invention, the deflection zone of a charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage is designed as a semi-circle. Faraday cylinders are installed in a semi-circular arrangement on the holes in the inner wall of the deflection zone. The trajectory of charged particles entering the deflection zone through the collimation hole is tangent to the semi-circular arc of the deflection zone. Therefore, when the distribution boundary of the Faraday cylinders is semi-circular, it can ensure that charged particles are incident perpendicularly into the Faraday cylinders, effectively improving the collection efficiency. Measuring wires can also be led out from the Faraday cylinders to connect the collection device to other parts of the experimental system.

[0030] 3. In this invention, both the end cap and gaskets of the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage are detachable. For different pinching materials, the magnetic field strength can be adjusted by changing the magnetic pole parameters in the end cap's magnetic poles; alternatively, the distance between the magnetic poles and the collector can be adjusted by changing the number of gaskets, thereby regulating the internal magnetic field strength and enabling the collection and measurement of charged particles. Therefore, this device has good versatility and is suitable for different pinching materials and charged particles with different characteristics.

[0031] 4. The present invention uses ferromagnetic material as the main body of the device, which can confine the magnetic field to the collector and prevent charged particles from being deflected by the magnetic field before entering the device, thus effectively improving the collection efficiency and having a better collection effect on charged particles. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the collector structure of Embodiment 1 of the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the collector structure of Embodiment 2 of the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage of the present invention;

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Collector, 11-Deflection area, 12-Avoidance area; 2-Gasket; 3-End cap, 31-Magnetic pole; 4-Hole; 5-Collision hole; 6-Screw hole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example 1: This invention proposes a charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device adopts a segmented design, consisting of a collector 1, a gasket 2, and two end caps 3, all of which are cubes with rectangular cross-sections and are appropriately sized. The end caps 3 are made of ferromagnetic material and are bolted to the upper and lower end faces of the collector 1, respectively. Figure 2 As shown, both end caps 3 have magnetic poles 31 on their sides near the collector 1. The two magnetic poles 31 are used to generate a magnetic field in the deflection region 11, which is theoretically a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic induction intensity inside the device can be adjusted by changing the parameters or materials of the magnetic poles to suit different clamping materials and charged particles with different properties.

[0039] The gasket 2 is installed between the end cap 3 and the collector 1. The middle of the gasket 2 has a hollow area that matches the magnetic pole 31, so that the magnetic field can pass through. For different clamping materials and charged particles with different characteristics, the distance between the magnetic pole and the collector 1 can be adjusted by changing the number or thickness of the gasket 2 during the actual assembly process, so as to adjust the magnetic field inside the device.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the collector 1 has an iron outer shell. The end caps 3 at the top and bottom of the collector 1, together with the outer shell, serve as magnetic shielding to prevent external interference to the internal magnetic field. The collector 1 has a deflection area 11 and holes 4. The deflection area 11 is a semi-circular hollow part formed by a semi-circular edge and a diameter edge, located near one side of the collector 1. The center of the deflection area 11 is located on the central axis of the collector 1, and is close to one of the sides perpendicular to the central axis of the collector 1. Holes 4 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the semi-circular edge of the deflection area 11 for placing Faraday cylinders. A collimation hole 5 is provided on the outer side of the collector 1. The collimation hole 5 is located at the junction of one of the semi-circular edge and the diameter edge of the hollow part, and the collimation hole 5 is parallel to the diameter edge. Since a magnetic field exists inside the collimating hole 5, to prevent it from interfering with the uniform magnetic field in the collector 1, a clearance area 12 is provided at the end of the deflection region 11 that connects to the collimating hole 5. The clearance area 12 is a rectangular groove, and its length is set according to the magnitude of the magnetic field and the characteristics of the charged particles being measured. In this embodiment, the charged particles are aluminum ions, and the size of the clearance area is 10mm*40mm.

[0041] The collimating aperture 5 filters out charged particles whose incident direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The trajectory of charged particles entering the deflection zone 11 through the collimating aperture 5 is tangent to the semi-circular arc of the deflection zone 11. Since the Faraday cylinders are arranged in a semi-circular pattern on the inner wall of the deflection zone 11, charged particles can be incident perpendicularly into the Faraday cylinders. The Faraday cylinders can efficiently collect charged particles, simultaneously measure them, and lead out measuring wires to complete the experimental system setup. The entire device is constructed primarily of ferromagnetic material to confine the magnetic field within the device, preventing charged particles from being deflected by the magnetic field before entering the device, thus affecting the collection efficiency.

[0042] A method for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse phase includes the following steps:

[0043] 1) The collimating hole 5 filters out charged particles whose incident direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field, allowing them to enter the collector 1;

[0044] 2) Charged particles enter different holes 4 vertically through the deflection zone 11, and the Faraday tubes in the holes 4 collect the charged particles that enter vertically into the Faraday tubes.

[0045] 3) Measure the magnitude of the current inside the Faraday cage;

[0046] 4) Depending on the different clamping materials or the different characteristics of charged particles, the magnetic induction intensity of the deflection region 11 is changed by changing the parameters of the magnetic pole 31 and / or changing the thickness of the pad 2. Steps 1-3 are repeated to collect new charged particles and obtain the measurement current.

[0047] Example 2: As Figure 4 As shown, a deflection zone 11 is provided in the middle of the collector 1. The deflection zone 11 is a rectangular hollow part. One of the inner sides of the collector 1 is provided with a collimation hole 5 parallel to the inner side. Holes 4 are evenly distributed on the remaining inner wall of the deflection zone 11 for placing Faraday cylinders. The center of the deflection zone 11 coincides with the center of the collector 1. The rest of the structure is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0048] The spatter generated during the Z-pinch collapse phase is diverse and travels at high speeds, making it difficult to collect and measure. This invention effectively solves the problem of collecting and measuring charged particles. This device features high collection efficiency, miniaturization, and detachability. It can be fixed inside the pinch device to collect and measure charged particles in a vacuum environment. Furthermore, for different pinch materials, the magnetic field strength can be adjusted by regulating the magnetic pole parameters and the thickness of the shim 2 to complete the collection and measurement of charged particles.

Claims

1. A device for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse phase, characterized in that, Includes collector (1), end cap (3) and gasket (2); The collector (1) is provided with a deflection area (11), which is a semi-circular hollow part formed by a semi-circular edge and a diameter edge; holes (4) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the semi-circular edge of the deflection area (11) for placing Faraday cylinders; a collimation hole (5) parallel to the diameter edge is provided at one of the joints of the semi-circular edge and the diameter edge of the hollow part. The end caps (3) are respectively installed on the upper and lower end faces of the collector (1). The side of the end caps (3) that are connected to the collector (1) is provided with magnetic poles (31). The two magnetic poles (31) are used to generate a uniform magnetic field in the deflection region (11). A gasket (2) is installed between the end cap (3) and the collector (1), and the gasket (2) has a hollow area that matches the magnetic pole (31); The deflection area (11) and the collimation hole (5) are provided with a recessed avoidance area (12), which is a rectangular groove or a circular groove.

2. The charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic pole (31) is a permanent magnet embedded in the side of the end cap; the end cap (3), the gasket (2) and the collector (1) are all made of ferromagnetic material.

3. The charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center of the deflection zone (11) is located on the central axis of the collector (1) and close to one of the sides perpendicular to the central axis of the collector (1).

4. The charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collector (1) is provided with a plurality of screw holes (6) evenly arranged around its circumference. The gasket (2) and the end cap (3) are provided with the same screw holes (6) at corresponding positions. The end cap (3) and the gasket (2) are fixedly connected to the collector (1) by bolts.

5. A method for collecting charged particles during the Z-pinch collapse stage, based on the charged particle collection device for the Z-pinch collapse stage as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) The collimating hole (5) filters out charged particles whose incident direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field and allows them to enter the collector (1). 2) Charged particles enter different holes (4) in a vertical direction through the deflection zone (11), and the Faraday tube in the hole (4) collects the charged particles that enter the Faraday tube vertically. 3) Measure the magnitude of the current inside the Faraday cage; 4) Depending on the different clamping materials or the different characteristics of charged particles, the magnetic induction intensity of the deflection region (11) is changed by changing the parameters of the magnetic pole (31) and / or changing the thickness of the pad (2). Steps 1-3 are repeated to collect new charged particles and obtain the measurement current.

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