Lacrimal passage flushing teaching aid and use method for simulating eye lacrimal passage flushing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lacrimal passage flushing teaching aids, in particular to a lacrimal passage flushing teaching aid and a using method for simulating eye lacrimal passage flushing, the lacrimal passage flushing teaching aid comprises a shell, and a simulation eye and an external attached cylinder are arranged on the shell; the simulation eye is communicated with a piston cylinder in the outer attached cylinder through a communicating piece, the communicating piece is communicated with a first pipeline and a second pipeline on the piston cylinder, and a piston rod is arranged in the piston cylinder; a rotating assembly and opening and closing assemblies are arranged on the piston cylinder, and the two opening and closing assemblies can block the first pipeline and the second pipeline correspondingly; the rotating assembly comprises a rotating part arranged in the piston cylinder, a centrifugal structure is arranged on the rotating part and connected with a lifting part arranged on the piston cylinder, when the piston rod moves relative to the piston cylinder, the rotating part rotates, the centrifugal structure can drive the lifting part to slide relative to the piston cylinder, and in the sliding process of the lifting part, the rotating part rotates. And one group of opening and closing assemblies can be used for conducting the first pipeline or the second pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tear duct flushing teaching aids, in particular to a tear duct flushing teaching aid and a method of using the teaching aid for simulating tear duct flushing of eyes. Background Art

[0002] Tear duct irrigation is an examination method commonly used to evaluate and treat tear duct diseases. It injects saline or antibiotic solution into the lacrimal puncta to determine whether the tear duct is open or blocked.

[0003] When performing tear duct flushing, it is necessary to use a blunt needle to inject normal saline solution into the tear duct from the lacrimal point, and use the flowing normal saline to clear blockages in the patient's tear duct system. It is suitable for cleaning dirt in the tear duct before intraocular surgery and assisting in diagnosing whether the tear duct of patients with epiphora is narrowed or blocked.

[0004] In fact, when performing tear duct flushing, in order to avoid damaging the tear duct and ensure the smooth operation, it is necessary to keep the movements gentle during the operation. The existing tear duct teaching aids can only simulate the process of tear duct flushing, and cannot intuitively reflect the intensity of tear duct flushing. This results in medical interns being unable to master the intensity of flushing well. Therefore, in order to improve the operating experience of medical staff, medical staff usually flush each other, and judge whether the intensity of flushing is appropriate based on the intuitive feeling of the person being flushed. This method will not only cause damage to the body of the medical staff, but also if you want to accumulate useful experience for the medical staff, you must flush multiple times, which will cause great harm to the body of the medical staff. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid and a method of use for simulating eye lacrimal duct flushing to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid comprises: a shell, on which a simulated eye and an external tube are arranged;

[0008] The artificial eye is connected to the piston cylinder arranged in the external cylinder through a connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected to the first pipeline and the second pipeline arranged on the piston cylinder, and a piston rod is sealed and slidably arranged in the piston cylinder;

[0009] The piston cylinder is also provided with a rotating assembly and an opening and closing assembly, and the opening and closing assembly is provided with two groups, which can respectively block the first pipeline and the second pipeline;

[0010] The rotating component includes a rotating part arranged in the piston cylinder, and a centrifugal structure is arranged on the rotating part. The centrifugal structure is connected to a lifting part slidably arranged on the piston cylinder. When the piston rod is driven by different forces to move relative to the piston cylinder, the rotating part can be driven to rotate at different speeds, and when the rotating part rotates, the centrifugal structure can drive the lifting part to slide relative to the piston cylinder, and during the sliding process of the lifting part, one group of the opening and closing components is actuated to conduct the first pipe or the second pipe.

[0011] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the piston cylinder includes an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber and the lower chamber are connected through a connecting cylinder, and a fixed cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting cylinder, the fixed cylinder is coaxial with the connecting cylinder, and connects the upper chamber and the lower chamber.

[0012] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the opening and closing assembly includes a sliding rod, the sliding rod is fixedly arranged in the fixed tube, and a second spring is slidably arranged on the sliding rod, one end of the second spring abuts against the fixed tube, and the other end abuts against a wedge block slidably arranged on the sliding rod, and an extrusion block is fixedly arranged on the wedge block, and the extrusion block can block the first pipe or the second pipe.

[0013] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the rotating member includes an impeller rotatably installed in the connecting tube and coaxial with the connecting tube, and the impeller is fixed to a rotating ring sealingly and slidingly arranged on the connecting tube.

[0014] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the lifting member includes a lifting sleeve, the lifting sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the connecting tube and is slidably connected to the connecting tube, and the lifting sleeve is also provided with a trigger member.

[0015] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the trigger member comprises a trigger block fixedly arranged on the lifting sleeve, and the trigger block is arranged in two groups equidistantly along the circumferential direction of the lifting sleeve.

[0016] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the centrifugal structure includes a fixed rod fixedly arranged on the rotating ring, and the fixed rod is arranged in two groups equidistantly along the direction of the rotating ring. A first spring is slidably arranged on both groups of the fixed rods, and one end of the first spring abuts against the end of the fixed rod away from the rotating ring, and the other end abuts against a movable part slidably arranged on the fixed rod.

[0017] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the movable member comprises a movable sleeve slidably arranged on the fixed rod, the movable sleeve is provided with a hinged rod, and the hinged rod is hingedly connected with a sleeve ring at one end away from the movable sleeve.

[0018] The tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above: the connecting piece includes a liquid collecting ball fixedly arranged in the outer shell and connected with the first pipe and the second pipe, the liquid collecting ball is provided with a third pipe, the third pipe is connected with the piston cylinder, and the liquid collecting ball is also provided with a liquid outlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe passes through the simulated eye, and extends from the outside of the simulated eye to be connected with a waste liquid tank fixedly arranged on the outer shell.

[0019] A method for simulating eye tear duct flushing is also proposed, using the tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: In the initial state, the piston cylinder and the liquid collecting ball are filled with purple litmus solution. When conducting a simulation experiment, the piston rod is squeezed, and the piston rod can push the purple litmus solution into the waste liquid tank. During the pushing process, when the solution flows through the connecting cylinder, it can drive the impeller to rotate;

[0021] Step 2: When the impeller rotates, the centrifugal force generated can force the two sets of movable sleeves to move away from each other, thereby driving the sleeve ring and the lifting sleeve to move toward the rotating ring;

[0022] Step 3: If the squeezing force on the piston rod is small, the trigger block on the lifting sleeve fails to cooperate with any set of opening and closing components, and the flowing liquid in the liquid outlet pipe is purple;

[0023] Step 4: If the squeezing force is moderate, the trigger block on the lifting sleeve cooperates with the upper opening and closing assembly to connect the first pipe. At this time, the purple litmus solution and the acid solution mix and flow into the waste liquid tank, causing the liquid in the waste liquid tank to be red;

[0024] Step 5: If the squeezing force is too large, the trigger block on the lifting sleeve cooperates with the lower opening and closing assembly to open the first pipe. At this time, the first pipe can combine the alkaline solution with the litmus solution, flow into the liquid collecting ball to combine in blue, and finally flow into the waste liquid tank.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The model built with simulated eye, eyeball prosthesis and liquid outlet tube is used to simulate the eye structure, which helps interns understand the lacrimal punctum needle entry point in the eye lacrimal duct system;

[0027] At the same time, by setting a piston cylinder and a piston rod, the piston rod is squeezed to simulate the actual clinical operation, and the state of holding the tear duct flushing needle for tear duct flushing is simulated. When the liquid in the piston cylinder drives the impeller to rotate through the connecting cylinder, the centrifugal structure connected to the impeller can drive the lifting sleeve to slide toward the lower chamber. According to the different pressure applied, the distance that the centrifugal structure drives the lifting sleeve to move will also change accordingly. In this process, the first pipeline or the second pipeline can be conducted by the cooperation of the trigger member and the opening and closing assembly:

[0028] When the pressure is small, the first pipe and the second pipe are both in a blocked state. At this time, only the purple litmus solution in the connecting piece flows toward the liquid outlet pipe.

[0029] When the pressure is moderate, the first pipe opens, and then the acid solution and the purple litmus solution enter the connecting piece together, and the litmus solution turns red. At this time, the flowing liquid in the liquid outlet tube is red;

[0030] When the pressure is high, the first pipe is closed and the second pipe is opened, and then the alkaline solution and the purple litmus solution enter the connecting piece, making the litmus solution blue;

[0031] By using obvious color changes, the intensity of flushing can be intuitively reflected so that interns can control the intensity. After interns use the teaching aids for multiple practice operations, it can help interns memorize the appropriate intensity of lacrimal duct flushing and accumulate useful experience for subsequent clinical operations, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the patient's lacrimal duct system during subsequent clinical operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tear duct flushing teaching aid.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a unilateral flushing teaching aid in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the shell of the tear duct flushing teaching aid.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer and inner tubes in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed cylinder and the piston cylinder in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting tube connecting the upper chamber and the lower chamber in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0038] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed cylinder in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the coordination between the rotating component and the opening and closing component in the tear duct flushing teaching aid.

[0040] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the rotating part, the centrifugal structure and the lifting part in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0041] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting parts and opening and closing components in the tear duct flushing teaching aid.

[0042] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the opening and closing components in the tear duct flushing teaching aid.

[0043] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting parts in the lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid.

[0044] In the figure: 1, shell; 2, piston rod; 3, artificial eye; 4, eyeball prosthesis; 5, liquid outlet pipe; 6, waste liquid tank; 7, trigger block; 701, abutment surface; 8, piston cylinder; 801, upper chamber; 802, lower chamber; 9, external cylinder; 901, first chamber; 902, second chamber; 10, liquid collecting ball; 11, fixed cylinder; 12, second pipeline; 13, first pipeline; 14, third pipeline; 15, connecting cylinder; 1501, clamping groove; 16, lifting sleeve; 1601, clamping block; 17, rotating ring; 18, impeller; 19, fixed rod; 20, wedge block; 2001, trigger surface; 21, first spring; 22, hinged rod; 23, movable sleeve; 24, extrusion block; 25, second spring; 26, slide rod; 27, sleeve ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0046] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0047] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present application, numerous specific details are provided in the specific embodiments below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, methods, means, and elements well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present application.

[0048] See also Figure 1-Figure 12 In an embodiment of the present invention, a lacrimal duct flushing teaching aid comprises:

[0049] A shell 1, on which a simulated eye 3 and an external tube 9 are arranged;

[0050] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The simulated eye 3 is provided with an eyeball prosthesis 4 inside, and a liquid outlet tube 5 is provided between the eyeball prosthesis 4 and the simulated eye 3. The liquid outlet tube 5 simulates the lacrimal canaliculus of the lacrimal duct system, and a point where the liquid outlet tube 5 protrudes from the simulated eye 3 just corresponds to the position of the lacrimal punctum of the eye, that is, the needle entry point for lacrimal duct irrigation. The model constructed by the simulated eye 3, the eyeball prosthesis 4 and the liquid outlet tube 5 is used to simulate the eye structure, which is helpful for interns to understand the eye structure, thereby laying a foundation for subsequent lacrimal duct irrigation surgery.

[0051] The artificial eye 3 is connected to the piston cylinder 8 disposed in the external cylinder 9 through a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is connected to the first pipeline 13 and the second pipeline 12 disposed on the piston cylinder 8, and a piston rod 2 is sealed and slidably disposed in the piston cylinder 8;

[0052] For details, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 The end of the external tube 9 away from the artificial eye 3 is provided with a first chamber 901 and a second chamber 902, the first chamber 901 stores an acidic solution, the second chamber 902 stores an alkaline solution, and the first chamber 901 and the second chamber 902 are connected to the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 respectively.

[0053] The piston cylinder 8 includes an upper chamber 801 and a lower chamber 802, the upper chamber 801 and the lower chamber 802 are connected via a connecting cylinder 15, and a fixed cylinder 11 is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting cylinder 15, the fixed cylinder 11 is coaxial with the connecting cylinder 15, and connects the upper chamber 801 and the lower chamber 802;

[0054] In particular, see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The inner diameters of the upper chamber 801 and the lower chamber 802 are the same, and the inner diameter of the connecting tube 15 is much smaller than that of the upper chamber 801. In the initial state, the piston tube 8 is filled with purple litmus solution. When performing the simulated operation of lacrimal duct flushing, the piston rod 2 is pressed toward the artificial eye 3, and then the piston rod 2 can force the litmus solution in the upper chamber 801 to first pass through the connecting tube 15, then enter the lower chamber 802, and finally flow out from the outside of the artificial eye 3 through the connecting piece;

[0055] Specifically, when the litmus solution passes through the connecting tube 15 from the upper chamber 801 , the flow rate through the connecting tube 15 will increase relatively because the liquid flow port suddenly changes from wide to narrow.

[0056] For details, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , the connecting piece includes a liquid collecting ball 10 fixedly arranged in the shell 1 and connected with the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12, the liquid collecting ball 10 is provided with a third pipe 14, the third pipe 14 is connected with the piston cylinder 8, and the liquid collecting ball 10 is also provided with a liquid outlet pipe 5, in particular, the liquid outlet pipe 5 is made of transparent material, which can facilitate the observation of the color of the liquid in the liquid outlet pipe 5 during the subsequent simulation operation, combined with the cooperation of other components on the piston cylinder 8, when the piston rod 2 is squeezed, by observing the color of the liquid flowing out of the liquid outlet pipe 5, it can be judged whether the squeezing force of the piston rod 2 is appropriate, thereby simulating the appropriate force of the lacrimal canaliculus flushing in the lacrimal duct flushing operation, so that the interns can have a certain perception and control of the appropriate force during flushing, thereby improving the accuracy of the force control during the subsequent clinical operation, the liquid outlet pipe 5 runs through the artificial eye 3, and extends from the outside of the artificial eye 3 to be connected with the waste liquid tank 6 fixedly arranged on the shell 1;

[0057] It should be noted that the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 are both connected to the liquid collecting ball 10 through a one-way valve. Under the restriction of the one-way valve, the solution in the first chamber 901 and the second chamber 902 can only enter the liquid collecting ball 10 through the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12. In particular, the axis of the liquid outlet pipe 5 is not coaxial with the third pipe 14. Fig. 9 As shown, when simulating tear duct flushing, the piston rod 2 is kept vertical to the horizontal ground, and then the piston rod 2 is squeezed, and the litmus solution in the piston cylinder 8 can flow from the liquid outlet pipe 5 into the waste liquid tank 6. The flow process of the colored litmus solution can be used to simulate the flow process of physiological saline during actual tear duct flushing.

[0058] For further information, see Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 The piston cylinder 8 is also provided with a rotating assembly and an opening and closing assembly. The opening and closing assembly is provided with two groups, which can respectively block the first pipeline 13 and the second pipeline 12;

[0059] The opening and closing assembly includes a slide bar 26, which is fixedly arranged in the fixed tube 11, and a second spring 25 is slidably arranged on the slide bar 26, one end of the second spring 25 abuts against the fixed tube 11, and the other end abuts against a wedge block 20 slidably arranged on the slide bar 26, and an extrusion block 24 is fixedly arranged on the wedge block 20, and the extrusion block 24 can block the first pipe 13 or the second pipe 12;

[0060] For details, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 The two sets of opening and closing components are arranged along the circumferential direction of the connecting tube 15, respectively cooperating with the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12, and the two sets of opening and closing components are Fig.10 As shown, the heights located in the fixed cylinder 11 are different, and the opening and closing assembly matched with the first pipe 13 is close to the piston cylinder 8. Specifically, the wedge block 20 is arranged in an "isosceles trapezoidal" structure, and the two sets of inclined surfaces are set as trigger surfaces 2001. In particular, the length of the upper bottom surface of the wedge block 20 matched with the first pipe 13 is greater than the length of the upper bottom surface of the wedge block 20 matched with the second pipe 12.

[0061] The second spring 25 is in a compressed state. The second spring 25 in the compressed state pushes the wedge block 20 toward the axis of the fixed cylinder 11. At this time, the extrusion block 24 fixedly arranged on the wedge block 20 can squeeze the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 to deform them, thereby blocking the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 to prevent the liquid in the first chamber 901 and the second chamber 902 from flowing into the liquid collecting ball 10, thereby avoiding inaccurate results when performing subsequent operation simulations.

[0062] For further information, see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 The rotating assembly includes a rotating member arranged in the piston cylinder 8, and a centrifugal structure is arranged on the rotating member, and the centrifugal structure is connected with a lifting member slidably arranged on the piston cylinder 8. When the piston rod 2 is driven by different forces to move relative to the piston cylinder 8, the rotating member can be driven to rotate at different speeds, and when the rotating member rotates, the centrifugal structure can drive the lifting member to slide relative to the piston cylinder 8, and during the sliding process of the lifting member, one group of the opening and closing assemblies is actuated to conduct the first pipe 13 or the second pipe 12;

[0063] The rotating member includes an impeller 18 rotatably mounted in the connecting tube 15 and coaxial with the connecting tube 15, and the impeller 18 is fixed to a rotating ring 17 sealingly and slidably arranged on the connecting tube 15;

[0064] In conjunction with the above, please refer to Figure 6 When the piston rod 2 is squeezed, when the litmus solution in the upper chamber 801 passes through the connecting tube 15 with a smaller inner diameter, the liquid flow rate increases, and the impact on the blades of the impeller 18 can force the impeller 18 to drive the rotating ring 17 to rotate continuously in the same direction, and when the impeller 18 rotates, the centrifugal structure can be driven to move, thereby pulling the lifting member to slide relative to the connecting tube 15, and then the sliding lifting member can act on one set of opening and closing components to open the first pipe 13 or the second pipe 12, and then the liquid in the first chamber 901 or the second chamber 902 reacts with the purple litmus solution in the liquid collecting ball 10 to make the purple litmus solution red or blue, and then the colored liquid flows out of the liquid outlet pipe 5 and finally flows into the waste liquid tank 6. In this process, by observing the color of the solution in the liquid outlet pipe 5, it can be known whether the squeezing force on the piston rod 2 is moderate at this time.

[0065] For details, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.12 The lifting member includes a lifting sleeve 16, which is sleeved on the outside of the connecting tube 15 and is slidably connected to the connecting tube 15. The lifting sleeve 16 is also provided with a trigger member;

[0066] In detail, a clamping block 1601 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the lifting sleeve 16, and the clamping block 1601 is slidably provided in a clamping groove 1501 provided on the outer wall of the connecting tube 15. With the cooperation of the clamping block 1601 and the clamping groove 1501, the clamping block 1601 can only slide along the axial direction of the connecting tube 15, so that during the sliding process, the trigger member provided on the lifting sleeve 16 can cooperate with the opening and closing assembly, thereby opening the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12.

[0067] See also Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.12 The trigger member includes a trigger block 7 fixedly arranged on the lifting sleeve 16. The trigger blocks 7 are arranged in two groups equidistantly along the circumferential direction of the lifting sleeve 16, and each group of trigger blocks 7 is arranged in a similar "isosceles trapezoidal" structure. Fig.10The trigger block 7 includes two sets of inclined abutment surfaces 701. When the trigger block 7 follows the lifting sleeve 16 to slide relative to the connecting tube 15, the abutment surface 701 of the trigger block 7 can contact the trigger surface 2001 of the wedge block 20. Then, as the lifting sleeve 16 continues to slide, the contact and extrusion of the trigger surface 2001 by the abutment surface 701 can force the wedge block 20 to move in a direction away from the axis of the connecting tube 15. Then, the extrusion block 24 releases the first pipe 13 or the second pipe 12, and the solution in the first chamber 901 or the second chamber 902 can react with the litmus solution in the liquid collecting ball 10. By observing the color reaction of the solution, it can be judged whether the extrusion force on the piston rod 2 is appropriate.

[0068] For details, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 The centrifugal structure includes a fixed rod 19 fixedly arranged on the rotating ring 17, and two groups of the fixed rods 19 are equidistantly arranged along the direction of the rotating ring 17. A first spring 21 is slidably arranged on both groups of the fixed rods 19, and one end of the first spring 21 abuts against the end of the fixed rod 19 away from the rotating ring 17, and the other end abuts against a moving member slidably arranged on the fixed rod 19;

[0069] The moving member includes a moving sleeve 23 slidably arranged on the fixed rod 19, and a hinge rod 22 is arranged on the moving sleeve 23. A sleeve ring 27 is hingedly connected to one end of the hinge rod 22 away from the moving sleeve 23, and the sleeve ring 27 is rotatably mounted on the lifting sleeve 16;

[0070] It should be particularly noted that the first spring 21 is always in a compressed state. The first spring 21 in the compressed state pushes the movable sleeve 23 toward the connecting tube 15. At this time, under the connection of the fixed-length hinged rod 22, the sleeve ring 27 can drive the lifting sleeve 16 to fit with the upper chamber 801. In combination with the above, when the impeller 18 rotates, the two groups of movable sleeves 23 move away from each other under the action of centrifugal force. Then, the movable sleeves 23 moving away from each other can pull the sleeve ring 27 and the lifting sleeve 16 toward the lower chamber 802. In the process of the lifting sleeve 16 approaching the lower chamber 802, the trigger block 7 can cooperate with one of the wedge blocks 20, thereby opening the first pipe 13 or the second pipe 12, so that a color reaction occurs in the liquid collecting ball 10. At this time, by observing the color of the flowing solution in the liquid outlet pipe 5, it can be judged whether the squeezing force on the piston rod 2 is appropriate.

[0071] Specifically, before using the device to simulate tear duct flushing, it is necessary to ensure that the upper chamber 801 and the lower chamber 802 are filled with purple litmus solution, and check whether the first pipe 13 and the second pipe 12 are in a closed state, so as to simulate the preparation operation before tear duct flushing surgery;

[0072] When simulating the lacrimal duct flushing, the housing 1 is held and placed vertically to the horizontal ground to simulate the holding state of the lacrimal duct flushing needle in the actual operation. Then, the piston rod 2 is pressed with uniform force, and then the purple litmus solution in the piston cylinder 8 enters the liquid collecting ball 10. After a certain volume of liquid accumulates in the liquid collecting ball 10, the purple litmus solution flows into the waste liquid tank 6 through the liquid outlet pipe 5. In this process, the impeller 18 can rotate under the impact of the solution flow, and the speed of the impeller 18 can be changed by changing the force continuously applied to the piston rod 2:

[0073] When the squeezing force is small, the lifting sleeve 16 is driven by the centrifugal structure to move a small distance toward the lower chamber 802. At this time, the trigger block 7 fails to contact any set of wedge blocks 20, and the purple litmus solution flowing into the liquid collecting ball 10 finally flows in the liquid outlet tube 5 in purple color, indicating that the squeezing force is small. When this force is used for clinical operation, the purpose of blocking and flushing the lacrimal duct cannot be achieved.

[0074] Based on the above results, the piston rod 2 needs to be pressurized, and then the speed of the impeller 18 gradually increases, and the moving distance of the lifting sleeve 16 is gradually increased with the cooperation of the centrifugal structure. In this process, the trigger block 7 close to the first pipe 13 can contact the wedge block 20 at the top, and push the wedge block 20 and the extrusion block 24 away from the axis of the connecting tube 15, and then the first pipe 13 is connected, so that the acid solution in the first chamber 901 flows into the liquid collecting ball 10 through the first pipe 13, and reacts with the litmus solution entering the liquid collecting ball 10 through the third pipe 14, causing the litmus solution to turn red, and then the liquid flowing in the liquid outlet pipe 5 is red, indicating that the force is moderate at this time;

[0075] Subsequently, the piston rod 2 is continuously pressurized, and the upper bottom surface of the trigger block 7 can contact the upper bottom surface of the wedge block 20, maintaining the first pipeline 13 in an open state until the trigger block 7 is separated from the upper wedge block 20, and the second spring 25 releases elastic potential energy to push the wedge block 20 to reset, thereby blocking the first pipeline 13. At this time, the trigger block 7 on the other side contacts and cooperates with the lower wedge block 20, and the second pipeline 12 can be conducted. Then, the alkaline solution in the second chamber 902 passes through the second pipeline 1 2 flows into the liquid collecting ball 10 to react with the litmus solution and the acidic solution in the original liquid collecting ball 10, and can first neutralize the acidic solution in the liquid collecting ball 10, and then the alkaline solution reacts with the litmus solution to turn it blue, and then the liquid flowing in the liquid outlet tube 5 is blue. The surface force is too strong at this time. When the tear duct is flushed with this force, it is easy to cause damage to the lacrimal canaliculus or lacrimal puncta. At this time, the squeezing force needs to be released to cause the liquid flowing in the liquid outlet tube 5 to return to a red state, so as to achieve a moderate force;

[0076] By utilizing the color change of the flowing liquid in the liquid outlet tube 5 during the above process, the control of the flushing intensity can be intuitively reflected. After the interns use the teaching aids to practice operations many times, they can maintain a familiar memory of the appropriate intensity of lacrimal duct flushing, thereby reducing the possibility of damage to the patient's lacrimal duct system during subsequent clinical operations.

[0077] A method for simulating eye tear duct flushing is also proposed, using the tear duct flushing teaching aid as described above, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: In the initial state, the piston cylinder 8 and the liquid collecting ball 10 are filled with purple litmus solution. When performing a simulation experiment, the piston rod 2 is squeezed, and the piston rod 2 can push the purple litmus solution into the waste liquid tank 6. During the pushing process, when the solution flows through the connecting cylinder 15, it can drive the impeller 18 to rotate;

[0079] Step 2: When the impeller 18 rotates, the centrifugal force generated can force the two sets of movable sleeves 23 to move away from each other, thereby driving the sleeve ring 27 and the lifting sleeve 16 to move toward the rotating ring 17;

[0080] Step 3: If the squeezing force on the piston rod 2 is small, the trigger block 7 on the lifting sleeve 16 fails to cooperate with any set of opening and closing components, and the flowing liquid in the liquid outlet pipe 5 is purple;

[0081] Step 4: When the squeezing force is moderate, the trigger block 7 on the lifting sleeve 16 cooperates with the upper opening and closing assembly to connect the first pipe 13. At this time, the purple litmus solution and the acid solution mix and flow into the waste liquid tank 6, causing the liquid in the waste liquid tank 6 to be red;

[0082] Step 5: If the squeezing force is too large, the trigger block 7 on the lifting sleeve 16 cooperates with the lower opening and closing assembly to open the first pipe 13. At this time, the first pipe 13 can combine the alkaline solution with the litmus solution, flow into the liquid collecting ball 10 to combine in blue, and finally flow into the waste liquid tank 6.

[0083] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0084] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A tear duct flushing teaching aid, comprising a housing (1), on which a simulated eye (3) and an external tube (9) are arranged; characterized in that: The artificial eye (3) is connected to a piston cylinder (8) arranged in the external cylinder (9) through a connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected to a first pipe (13) and a second pipe (12) arranged on the piston cylinder (8), and a piston rod (2) is sealed and slidably arranged in the piston cylinder (8); The piston cylinder (8) is also provided with a rotating assembly and an opening and closing assembly, and the opening and closing assembly is provided with two groups, which can respectively block the first pipeline (13) and the second pipeline (12); The rotating assembly comprises a rotating part arranged in the piston cylinder (8), the rotating part being provided with a centrifugal structure, the centrifugal structure being connected to a lifting part slidably arranged on the piston cylinder (8), and when the piston rod (2) is driven by different forces to move relative to the piston cylinder (8), the rotating part can be driven to rotate at different speeds, and when the rotating part rotates, the centrifugal structure can drive the lifting part to slide relative to the piston cylinder (8), and during the sliding process of the lifting part, one group of the opening and closing assemblies is actuated to conduct the first pipe (13) or the second pipe (12).

2. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston cylinder (8) comprises an upper chamber (801) and a lower chamber (802), wherein the upper chamber (801) and the lower chamber (802) are connected via a connecting cylinder (15), and a fixing cylinder (11) is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting cylinder (15), wherein the fixing cylinder (11) is coaxial with the connecting cylinder (15) and connects the upper chamber (801) and the lower chamber (802).

3. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly comprises a sliding rod (26), wherein the sliding rod (26) is fixedly arranged in the fixed tube (11), and a second spring (25) is slidably arranged on the sliding rod (26), one end of the second spring (25) abuts against the fixed tube (11), and the other end abuts against a wedge block (20) slidably arranged on the sliding rod (26), and an extrusion block (24) is fixedly arranged on the wedge block (20), and the extrusion block (24) can block the first pipe (13) or the second pipe (12).

4. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating member comprises an impeller (18) rotatably mounted in the connecting cylinder (15) and coaxial with the connecting cylinder (15); the impeller (18) is fixed to a rotating ring (17) sealingly and slidably arranged on the connecting cylinder (15).

5. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting member comprises a lifting sleeve (16), the lifting sleeve (16) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting tube (15) and is slidably connected to the connecting tube (15), and the lifting sleeve (16) is also provided with a trigger member.

6. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The trigger member comprises a trigger block (7) fixedly arranged on the lifting sleeve (16), and two groups of the trigger blocks (7) are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of the lifting sleeve (16).

7. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The centrifugal structure comprises a fixed rod (19) fixedly arranged on the rotating ring (17), and two groups of the fixed rods (19) are equidistantly arranged along the direction of the rotating ring (17). A first spring (21) is slidably arranged on both groups of the fixed rods (19), and one end of the first spring (21) abuts against an end of the fixed rod (19) away from the rotating ring (17), and the other end abuts against a moving part slidably arranged on the fixed rod (19).

8. A tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 7, characterized in that: The movable member comprises a movable sleeve (23) slidably arranged on the fixed rod (19), a hinge rod (22) being arranged on the movable sleeve (23), and a sleeve ring (27) being hingedly connected to one end of the hinge rod (22) away from the movable sleeve (23).

9. The tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting piece comprises a liquid collecting ball (10) fixedly arranged in the shell (1) and connected to the first pipe (13) and the second pipe (12); a third pipe (14) is arranged on the liquid collecting ball (10), the third pipe (14) is connected to the piston cylinder (8); and a liquid outlet pipe (5) is also arranged on the liquid collecting ball (10); the liquid outlet pipe (5) passes through the artificial eye (3) and extends from the outside of the artificial eye (3) to be connected to a waste liquid tank (6) fixedly arranged on the shell (1).

10. A method for simulating eye tear duct flushing, using the tear duct flushing teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: In the initial state, the piston cylinder (8) and the liquid collecting ball (10) are filled with purple litmus solution. When performing a simulation experiment, the piston rod (2) is squeezed, and the piston rod (2) can push the purple litmus solution into the waste liquid tank (6). During the pushing process, when the solution flows through the connecting cylinder (15), it can drive the impeller (18) to rotate; Step 2: When the impeller (18) rotates, the centrifugal force generated can force the two sets of movable sleeves (23) to move away from each other, thereby driving the sleeve ring (27) and the lifting sleeve (16) to move toward the rotating ring (17); Step 3: If the squeezing force on the piston rod (2) is small, the trigger block (7) on the lifting sleeve (16) fails to cooperate with any set of opening and closing components, and the flowing liquid in the liquid outlet pipe (5) is purple; Step 4: When the squeezing force is moderate, the trigger block (7) on the lifting sleeve (16) cooperates with the upper opening and closing assembly to connect the first pipe (13). At this time, the purple litmus solution and the acid solution mix and flow into the waste liquid tank (6), causing the liquid in the waste liquid tank (6) to be red; Step 5: If the squeezing force is too large, the trigger block (7) on the lifting sleeve (16) cooperates with the lower opening and closing assembly to open the first pipe (13). At this time, the first pipe (13) can combine the alkaline solution with the litmus solution, flow into the liquid collecting ball (10) to combine in blue, and finally flow into the waste liquid tank (6).

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