Soil organic matter increasing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving soil organic matters. The method comprises the following steps: step a) returning straws to the field; b) crop rotation; c) irrigation; step d) biological introduction; e) additionally applying a fertilizer; and f) microbial inoculation. According to the method, straw of agricultural waste resources is fully utilized for returning to the field, green manure plants are planted in a crop rotation mode, the conversion efficiency of soil organic matter is improved, the good moisture condition of scientific irrigation is achieved, the soil structure is improved through beneficial organism introduction, nutrients are efficiently utilized through efficient fertilizer application, and insoluble nutrients of soil inoculated by specific microorganisms are released; the organic matters in the soil are efficiently and sustainably improved, the risk that the nutrient content is unstable and the soil is polluted easily in the application process of traditional farmyard manure is effectively avoided, the accumulation and the stability of the organic matters in the soil are remarkably enhanced, and a solid soil foundation is provided for healthy growth of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil organic matter improvement, and in particular to a soil organic matter improvement method. Background Art

[0002] Improving soil organic matter refers to increasing the content of organic matter from biological residues in the soil through measures such as planting green manure crops, increasing the application of organic fertilizers, returning straw to the fields, etc. After these organic matters are decomposed by microorganisms and chemical reactions, they will form a variety of different compounds, including humic acid, fulvic acid, humus, etc., thereby improving soil organic matter.

[0003] In the traditional method of improving soil organic matter, farmyard manure is generally used for improvement. The nutrient content of farmyard manure is affected by many factors such as raw materials and fermentation process, resulting in its unstable nutrient content and failure to meet the nutrient balance requirements of crop growth. Farmyard manure may contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and pathogens. If it is not fully fermented, it will cause pollution to the soil and crops.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design and transform the soil organic matter improvement method to effectively prevent the phenomenon of unstable nutrients in farmyard manure and easy soil pollution. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil organic matter, which has the advantages of effectively improving soil organic matter and solving the problems of unstable nutrients of farmyard manure and easy soil pollution.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving soil organic matter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step a) returning straw to the field; step b) crop rotation; step c) irrigation; step d) introduction of organisms; step e) fertilizer application; and step f) microbial inoculation.

[0008] Step a) Returning straw to the field: First, using a harvester and a crushing device to crush the straw while harvesting crops, the straw should be evenly scattered after being crushed by the harvester, the crushing length is generally controlled between 5 and 10 cm, and the stubble height does not exceed 15 cm, ensuring that the uneven rate of straw spreading does not exceed 20%, and the qualified rate of crushing length is not less than 85%, and then using a tillage machine to turn over and press;

[0009] Step b) Crop rotation: Planting green manure crops in the crop rotation, such as astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, which grow rapidly, can absorb a large amount of nutrients in the soil and convert them into organic matter. When the green manure crops mature, they are turned over and pressed into the soil, which can significantly increase the organic matter content and nitrogen content of the soil. Crop rotation can avoid excessive loss of the soil by a certain crop, thereby adjusting and improving the soil structure. At the same time, the residues of different crops can provide different sources of organic matter for the soil, promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms and improving soil fertility.

[0010] Step c) Irrigation: First, it is necessary to ensure that the water source of the sprinkler irrigation system is stable and of good quality to meet the needs of crop growth. The water source can be tap water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wells, etc. The water quality is pressurized and purified through the head hub (including water pumps, power machines, filters and other equipment) to ensure that the quality and pressure of the irrigation water meet the requirements of the sprinkler irrigation system. Next, the water pump and power machine of the sprinkler irrigation system are turned on to make the water flow in the pipes. In the pipe network, the water is transported to each nozzle in the field through pipes of different diameters (main pipes, branch pipes and capillary pipes). These nozzles are usually installed above or near the crops to spray the water evenly on the crops and the soil surface;

[0011] Step d) Biological introduction: earthworms can be collected from the wild, or red earthworms and Eisenia fetida, which are specially used for composting, can be purchased from the market. The collected or purchased earthworms are then evenly placed into the prepared soil. In order to maintain the activity of the earthworms, organic matter needs to be added to the soil regularly, and the soil moisture needs to be kept moderate. At the same time, attention should be paid to preventing the invasion of natural enemies and diseases.

[0012] Step e) Fertilizer application: During the growth process of green manure crops, fertilizer application is required. According to the nutrient requirements and growth conditions of the crops, topdressing fertilizers can be applied by broadcasting or foliar spraying. Foliar spraying can improve fertilizer utilization and reduce nutrient loss.

[0013] Step f) Microbial inoculation: Select microbial strains that promote the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter, and give priority to microbial strains with strong local adaptability. These strains are more likely to survive stably and play a role in the soil. Commercial microbial agents can also be considered. These agents usually contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms and are optimized in proportion to better adapt to the soil environment.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step a) returning the straw to the field, during the process of fully mixing the straw with the surface soil, the turning depth is generally controlled at 8 to 10 cm. Deep turning can also be performed according to actual conditions, such as deep turning the rice straw to 18 to 22 cm. After turning and pressing, the land is prepared in time to reduce water evaporation and ensure close contact between the straw and the soil.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step b) of crop rotation is to turn the green manure crops into the soil in time when they are in the vigorous growth period or reach the maximum biomass. This helps to quickly release the nutrients of the green manure crops into the soil. The green manure crops can be chopped mechanically or manually and turned evenly into the soil. It is not advisable to plant the same green manure crop for many consecutive years on the same plot of land to avoid soil nutrient imbalance and aggravation of diseases and insect pests.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step c) irrigation, the water demand of green manure crops is relatively large in the early growth stage, and the irrigation frequency should be increased; the water demand decreases in the later growth stage, and the irrigation frequency can be reduced, and the sprinkler irrigation system should ensure that the irrigation uniformity reaches more than 80% to reduce water waste and uneven crop growth problems. After sprinkler irrigation, the soil moisture should be maintained between 60% and 80% of the field water holding capacity to promote the growth and development of green manure crops.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biological introduction in step d) ensures that the soil is moist, loose and breathable, provides a suitable living environment for earthworms, and avoids the soil being too dry or waterlogged, so as not to affect the survival and reproduction of earthworms. Earthworms are sensitive to temperature, and the generally suitable temperature range is 15-25°C. In cold seasons, insulation materials can be covered to increase the soil temperature. In terms of the number of earthworms released, dozens to hundreds of earthworms can be released per square meter of soil, and thousands to tens of thousands of earthworms can be released per mu of soil.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step e), the compound fertilizer contains multiple nutrients and can meet the various needs of green manure crop growth. Compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is selected for fertilization, and fertilization is performed in spring and summer when green manure crops grow vigorously.

[0019] As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when selecting compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15-15-15 is selected. When applying topdressing, 10 to 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu, and it should be applied in several times to avoid nutrient waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive application at one time.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step f) of microbial inoculation, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are selected, which can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen available to plants, thereby improving soil fertility. These microorganisms have no negative impact on the growth of earthworms and astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, but instead help to provide sufficient nitrogen nutrition.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention provides a systematic and effective improvement for the comprehensive improvement of farmland soil through the coordinated implementation of straw return to the field, crop rotation, irrigation, biological introduction, fertilizer application and microbial inoculation.

[0023] 2. The present invention specifically stipulates the turning depth during the process of returning the straw to the field and emphasizes the importance of timely land preparation, thereby ensuring close contact between the straw and the soil, accelerating the decomposition of the straw and increasing the content of soil organic matter.

[0024] 3. The present invention effectively prevents soil nutrient imbalance and aggravation of pests and diseases, and maintains soil ecological balance by clarifying the timing and method of turning over green manure crops in crop rotation and avoiding the necessity of planting the same green manure crop for many consecutive years.

[0025] 4. The present invention ensures irrigation uniformity by adjusting the irrigation frequency according to the growth stage of green manure crops, which helps to reduce water waste and uneven crop growth problems, while maintaining moderate soil moisture and promoting healthy growth of crops.

[0026] 5. The present invention provides suitable living environment conditions for earthworms and other organisms to ensure that the soil is moist, loose, breathable and within a suitable temperature range, which helps earthworms and other organisms survive and reproduce in the soil, further promoting soil improvement.

[0027] 6. The present invention applies compound fertilizer during the growth of green manure crops and selects compound fertilizer with similar ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilization, which helps to meet the various nutritional needs of crops and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0028] 7. The present invention avoids the problems of nutrient waste and environmental pollution by specifying the selection of compound fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer applied, while ensuring the maximization of the fertilization effect.

[0029] 8. The present invention increases the nitrogen content in the soil by inoculating nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, providing sufficient nitrogen nutrition for crop growth. At the same time, these microorganisms have no negative impact on organisms such as earthworms and astragalus, thus helping to maintain the ecological balance of the soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for improving soil organic matter, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step a) returning straw to the field; step b) crop rotation; step c) irrigation; step d) introduction of organisms; step e) fertilizer application; step f) microbial inoculation:

[0033] Step a) Straw returning to the field: First, during the harvest of crops, use a harvester and a crushing device to conduct straw crushing operations. After being crushed by the harvester, the straw should be evenly spread. The crushing length is generally controlled between 5 and 10 cm, and the stubble height does not exceed 15 cm, ensuring that the uneven spreading rate of the straw does not exceed 20%, and the qualified rate of the crushing length is not less than 85%. Then, use tillage machinery for rolling operations;

[0034] Step b) Crop rotation: Plant green manure crops such as Chinese milk vetch, alfalfa, and sesbania in crop rotation. They grow rapidly, can absorb a large amount of nutrients in the soil and convert them into organic matter. After the green manure crops mature, turn them into the soil, which can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter and nitrogen content. Moreover, crop rotation can avoid excessive depletion of the soil by a certain crop, thereby adjusting and improving the soil structure. At the same time, the residues of different crops can provide different sources of organic matter for the soil, promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms and the improvement of soil fertility;

[0035] Step c) Irrigation: First, it is necessary to ensure that the water source of the sprinkler irrigation system is stable and the water quality is good to meet the growth needs of crops. The water source can be tap water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wells, etc. Pressurize and purify the water quality through the headworks (including equipment such as pumps, power machines, and filters) to ensure that the quality and pressure of the irrigation water meet the requirements of the sprinkler irrigation system. Next, turn on the water pump and power machine of the sprinkler irrigation system to make the water flow in the pipeline. In the pipe network, the water is transported to each sprinkler in the field through pipes of different diameters (main pipes, branch pipes, and capillary pipes). These sprinklers are usually installed above or near the crops to evenly spray the water onto the crops and the soil surface;

[0036] Step d) Biological introduction: Earthworms can be collected from the wild or purchased from the market, specifically red earthworms and Eisenia fetida for composting. Then, evenly put the collected or purchased earthworms into the prepared soil. To maintain the activity of the earthworms, it is necessary to regularly add organic matter to the soil and keep the soil humidity moderate. At the same time, pay attention to preventing the invasion of natural enemies and diseases;

[0037] Step e) Fertilizer topdressing: Fertilizer topdressing is required during the growth process of green manure crops. According to the nutrient requirements and growth conditions of the crops, topdress fertilizers. Topdressing can be carried out by broadcasting or by foliar spraying. Foliar spraying can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and reduce nutrient loss;

[0038] Step f) Microbial inoculation: Select microbial strains that can promote the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter, and give priority to microbial strains with strong local adaptability. These strains are more likely to survive stably in the soil and play a role. Commercial microbial inoculants can also be considered. These inoculants usually contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms and are optimized in proportion to better adapt to the soil environment.

[0039] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, in the process of returning the straw to the field and fully mixing the straw with the surface soil through step a), the turning depth is generally controlled at 8 to 10 cm. Deep turning can also be carried out according to actual conditions, such as turning the rice straw to a depth of 18 to 22 cm. After turning and pressing, the land is prepared in time to reduce water evaporation and ensure close contact between the straw and the soil.

[0040] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through step b) crop rotation, the green manure crops are promptly turned into the soil when they are in the vigorous growth period or reach the maximum biomass. This helps to quickly release the nutrients of the green manure crops into the soil. The green manure crops can be chopped mechanically or manually and evenly turned into the soil. However, it is not advisable to plant the same green manure crop for many consecutive years on the same plot of land to avoid soil nutrient imbalance and aggravation of diseases and insect pests.

[0041] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through step c) irrigation, the water demand of green manure crops is relatively large in the early growth stage, and the irrigation frequency should be increased; the water demand decreases in the later growth stage, and the irrigation frequency can be reduced. The sprinkler irrigation system should ensure that the irrigation uniformity reaches more than 80% to reduce water waste and uneven crop growth problems. After sprinkler irrigation, the soil moisture should be maintained between 60% and 80% of the field water holding capacity to promote the growth and development of green manure crops.

[0042] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through the introduction of organisms in step d), the soil is ensured to be moist, loose and breathable, providing a suitable living environment for earthworms, avoiding the soil from being too dry or waterlogged, so as not to affect the survival and reproduction of earthworms. Earthworms are sensitive to temperature, and the generally suitable temperature range is 15 to 25°C. In cold seasons, insulation materials can be covered to increase the soil temperature. In terms of the number of earthworms released, dozens to hundreds of earthworms can be released per square meter of soil, and thousands to tens of thousands of earthworms can be released per acre of soil.

[0043] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through step e) fertilizer application, the compound fertilizer contains multiple nutrients and can meet the various needs of green manure crop growth. Compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is selected for fertilization, and fertilization is carried out in spring and summer when green manure crops grow vigorously.

[0044] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through compound fertilizer, when selecting compound fertilizer, select compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15-15-15. When topdressing, 10 to 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu, and it should be applied in several times to avoid excessive application at one time, causing nutrient waste and environmental pollution.

[0045] As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, through step f) microbial inoculation, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are selected, which can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen that can be used by plants, thereby improving soil fertility. These microorganisms have no negative impact on the growth of earthworms and astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, but instead help to provide sufficient nitrogen nutrition.

[0046] Working principle and use process of the present invention: The method for improving soil organic matter aims to optimize soil structure, improve soil fertility and promote healthy growth of crops through a series of finely managed agricultural measures. First, by returning the straw to the field, the crop straw is crushed and evenly thrown and pressed into the soil to increase the content of soil organic matter. Then, a crop rotation system is implemented to plant green manure crops such as astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, etc., and their rapid growth and nutrient absorption capacity are used to further enrich the soil organic matter and nitrogen. The irrigation system ensures a stable supply of water required for crop growth while maintaining moderate soil moisture. Introduce organisms such as earthworms to promote soil loosening and organic matter decomposition. Fertilizers, especially compound fertilizers, are added according to crop needs to meet their various nutritional needs. Finally, beneficial microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, are inoculated to increase the nitrogen content of the soil. These measures work together to form a virtuous cycle and continuously improve the soil environment. Thereby avoiding nutrient deficiency and soil pollution caused by the increase of farmyard manure, it has the advantage of effectively increasing soil organic matter.

[0047] In summary: the present invention can effectively improve soil organic matter through the continuous coordinated operation of straw return to the field, crop rotation, irrigation, biological introduction, fertilizer application and microbial inoculation, avoid nutrient deficiency and soil pollution caused by the application of farmyard manure, and has the advantage of effectively increasing soil organic matter.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0049] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil organic matter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step a) returning straw to the field; step b) crop rotation; step c) irrigation; step d) introduction of organisms; step e) fertilizer application; step f) microbial inoculation: Step a) Returning straw to the field: First, using a harvester and a crushing device to crush the straw while harvesting crops, the straw should be evenly scattered after being crushed by the harvester, the crushing length is generally controlled between 5 and 10 cm, and the stubble height does not exceed 15 cm, ensuring that the uneven rate of straw spreading does not exceed 20%, and the qualified rate of crushing length is not less than 85%, and then using a tillage machine to turn over and press; Step b) Crop rotation: Planting green manure crops in the crop rotation, such as astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, which grow rapidly, can absorb a large amount of nutrients in the soil and convert them into organic matter. When the green manure crops mature, they are turned over and pressed into the soil, which can significantly increase the organic matter content and nitrogen content of the soil. Crop rotation can avoid excessive loss of the soil by a certain crop, thereby adjusting and improving the soil structure. At the same time, the residues of different crops can provide different sources of organic matter for the soil, promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms and improving soil fertility. Step c) Irrigation: First, it is necessary to ensure that the water source of the sprinkler irrigation system is stable and of good quality to meet the needs of crop growth. The water source can be tap water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wells, etc. The water quality is pressurized and purified through the head hub (including water pumps, power machines, filters and other equipment) to ensure that the quality and pressure of the irrigation water meet the requirements of the sprinkler irrigation system. Next, the water pump and power machine of the sprinkler irrigation system are turned on to make the water flow in the pipes. In the pipe network, the water is transported to each nozzle in the field through pipes of different diameters (main pipes, branch pipes and capillary pipes). These nozzles are usually installed above or near the crops to spray the water evenly on the crops and the soil surface; Step d) Biological introduction: earthworms can be collected from the wild, or red earthworms and Eisenia fetida, which are specially used for composting, can be purchased from the market. The collected or purchased earthworms are then evenly placed into the prepared soil. In order to maintain the activity of the earthworms, organic matter needs to be added to the soil regularly, and the soil moisture needs to be kept moderate. At the same time, attention should be paid to preventing the invasion of natural enemies and diseases. Step e) Fertilizer application: During the growth process of green manure crops, fertilizer application is required. According to the nutrient requirements and growth conditions of the crops, topdressing fertilizers can be applied by broadcasting or foliar spraying. Foliar spraying can improve fertilizer utilization and reduce nutrient loss. Step f) Microbial inoculation: Select microbial strains that promote the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter, and give priority to microbial strains with strong local adaptability. These strains are more likely to survive stably and function in the soil. You can also consider using commercial microbial agents, which usually contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms and are optimized in ratio to better adapt to the soil environment.

2. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step a) returning the straw to the field, during the process of fully mixing the straw with the surface soil, the turning depth is generally controlled at 8 to 10 cm. Deep turning can also be performed according to actual conditions, such as turning the rice straw to a depth of 18 to 22 cm. After turning and pressing, the land is prepared in time to reduce water evaporation and ensure close contact between the straw and the soil.

3. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step b) of crop rotation, when the green manure crops are in their vigorous growth period or have reached their maximum biomass, they are promptly turned into the soil, which helps to quickly release the nutrients of the green manure crops into the soil. The green manure crops can be chopped up mechanically or manually and evenly turned into the soil. However, it is not advisable to plant the same green manure crop for many consecutive years on the same plot of land to avoid soil nutrient imbalance and aggravation of pests and diseases.

4. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step c) irrigation, the water demand of green manure crops is relatively large in the early growth stage, and the irrigation frequency should be increased; the water demand decreases in the later growth stage, and the irrigation frequency can be reduced. The sprinkler irrigation system should ensure that the irrigation uniformity reaches more than 80% to reduce water waste and uneven crop growth. After sprinkler irrigation, the soil moisture should be maintained between 60% and 80% of the field water holding capacity to promote the growth and development of green manure crops.

5. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological introduction in step d) ensures that the soil is moist, loose and breathable, providing a suitable living environment for earthworms and preventing the soil from being too dry or waterlogged, so as not to affect the survival and reproduction of earthworms. Earthworms are sensitive to temperature, and the generally suitable temperature range is 15-25°C. In cold seasons, insulation materials can be covered to increase the soil temperature. In terms of the number of earthworms released, dozens to hundreds of earthworms can be released per square meter of soil, and thousands to tens of thousands of earthworms can be released per mu of soil.

6. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step e), the compound fertilizer contains multiple nutrients and can meet the various needs of the growth of green manure crops. Compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are selected for fertilization, and fertilization is performed in spring and summer when green manure crops grow vigorously.

7. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer, when selecting compound fertilizer, choose a compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15-15-15. When applying topdressing, 10 to 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu, and it should be applied in several times to avoid excessive application at one time, causing nutrient waste and environmental pollution.

8. A method for improving soil organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step f), nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are selected, which can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen that can be used by plants, thereby improving soil fertility. These microorganisms have no negative impact on the growth of earthworms and astragalus, alfalfa, and sesbania, but instead help to provide sufficient nitrogen nutrition.