Application of trichosanthin in aphid control and aphidicide

Abstract

This invention discloses the application of plant extract saponins in aphid control and an aphidicide, belonging to the field of pesticides. This invention provides a novel plant-derived pesticide with aphid-killing activity, contributing to reducing aphid resistance and the use of chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the aphidicide prepared from plant extract saponins exhibits comparable aphid-killing efficacy to other commercial aphidicides, demonstrating broad development prospects and application value. It is an effective and feasible new aphidicide. Simultaneously, plant extract saponins are widely available and have a simple preparation process, which helps reduce the cost of aphidicides and facilitates widespread adoption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pesticides, specifically to the application of cypermethrin as an aphid killer in aphid control. Background Technology

[0002] Aphids, commonly known as "plant lice" or "honey bugs," are major agricultural pests belonging to the order Homoptera and the superfamily Aphididae. Aphids typically damage plants in two ways: directly by sucking sap from plants with their piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing plant organs to curl and shrink, thus affecting plant growth and preventing normal flowering and fruiting; and indirectly by creating micro-wounds in the plant during feeding, leading to the invasion of viruses, and by using honeydew secreted by aphids, causing diseases such as sooty mold. Aphids themselves are also carriers of many viruses. Currently, aphid control primarily relies on chemical control, supplemented by biological and physical methods. Chemical control is the most common aphid control method in my country, offering significant efficacy, widespread availability, and ease of operation. However, serious problems with improper pesticide use have led to ecological damage, soil pollution, increased resistance, and increasingly prominent residue issues, severely limiting the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry in my country. Therefore, how to implement integrated pest management that is simple to operate, green, safe, low-cost, and highly effective is an urgent problem to be solved in plant protection technology.

[0003] In recent years, plant-derived pesticides have gradually emerged. These pesticides utilize chemical substances produced by plant secondary metabolism as agricultural biological agents for insecticidal, fungicidal, and herbicidal purposes. They possess advantages such as low toxicity, low residue, easy degradation, low likelihood of inducing resistance, high biological activity, strong selectivity, and safety for non-target organisms. *Phyllostachys edulis* saponins, chemical formula C... 18 H 22 O 11 Currently, its common uses include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and blood-activating effects, primarily as a component of traditional Chinese medicine, with no other applications yet observed. Therefore, finding a new plant-derived aphidicide and developing new uses for plant saponins is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide the use of physalis saponins in aphid control and the preparation of aphid killers using physalis saponins.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following solution:

[0006] This invention discloses the application of caragana leaf saponins in aphid control.

[0007] Furthermore, the aphids mentioned are agricultural aphids.

[0008] Preferably, the aphid is the cotton aphid.

[0009] Based on the above uses, the application of caryopsis saponins in the preparation of aphidicides is disclosed.

[0010] Furthermore, the aphid-killing agent containing cyperus saponin has a cyperus saponin content of ≥0.2 mg / ml.

[0011] Furthermore, the aphid killer also includes excipient solvents, solubilizers, and emulsifiers.

[0012] Furthermore, the solvent is selected from N-methylpyrrolidone or acetone; the solubilizer is turpentine; and the emulsifier is Span or Tween.

[0013] Furthermore, the aphid killer can be formulated into common pesticide reagent types such as liquid, suspension, and powder.

[0014] Beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention provides a novel plant-derived pesticide with aphid-killing activity, contributing to reducing aphid resistance and the use of chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the aphid-killing agent prepared from *Trifolium repens* saponins exhibits comparable aphid-killing efficacy to other commercial aphid-killing agents, demonstrating good insecticidal effects in field trials. It has broad development prospects and application value, making it an effective and feasible new aphid-killing agent. Simultaneously, *Trifolium repens* saponins are widely available and have a simple preparation process, which helps reduce the cost of aphid-killing agents and facilitates their widespread adoption. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The chemical structural formula of *Carex spp.* saponin;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the potted plant control efficacy experiment in the experimental group;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the control effect experiment in potted plants (blank group).

[0019] Specific implementation methods

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0021] The molecular formula of the *Cyclocarya paliurus* saponin referred to in this invention is C2< / 18 H 22 O 11 Chemical structural formula can be found Figure 1 .

[0022] Experiment 1: Contact toxicity of caraway saponins against aphids

[0023] (1) Making leaf saucers: Select cotton leaves that grow at the same rate and make leaf saucers using a hole punch. Place cotton pads in clean petri dishes, moisten them with water treated with reverse osmosis (RO) water, cover them with filter paper, and then place three clean cotton leaves in each petri dish. The leaf saucers are now ready.

[0024] (2) Aphid breeding: 50 cotton aphid larvae were selected from each leaf, and 150 larvae were selected from each leaf disc with three leaves. They were placed in a culture room (25℃ and 60% relative humidity) for 4 days to ensure that the total number of cotton aphid larvae surviving in the three leaf discs was ≥100.

[0025] (3) Preparation of medicine:

[0026] The original materials are caryopsis saponins and pymetrozine, respectively.

[0027] Weigh 40 mg of Tween-80, add 40 ml of RO water, stir and shake until homogeneous, and prepare a 1 mg / ml Tween solution;

[0028] Weigh 20mg of the original drug + 20mg of Tween-80 + 300ul of acetone + 10ml of Tween solution, stir and shake for 3min to prepare a 2mg / ml drug solution;

[0029] Take 5 ml of the prepared 2 mg / ml drug solution into another beaker, add 5 ml of Tween solution, stir well, and prepare a 1 mg / ml drug solution; repeat the above operation and then dilute in equal proportions to prepare 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 mg / ml drug solutions.

[0030] (4) Feeding and observation: The cultured aphid leaves were immersed in each prepared pesticide solution for 5 seconds and the number of surviving insects was recorded. Each dose (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 mg / ml) was repeated three times (three leaf discs). The prepared 1 mg / ml Tween solution was used as the control group (CK) and cultured under the above-mentioned artificial climate growth conditions.

[0031] (5) Data recording and analysis: The number of surviving aphids was observed and recorded 72 hours after cultivation. The aphids were observed under a microscope, and aphids that showed no movement or irregular leg trembling were considered dead. The mortality rate (%) and virulence regression equation were calculated. The data obtained are shown in Table 1.

[0032] Table 1. Indoor contact toxicity (mortality rate %) of cypermethrin and pymetrozine.

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Table 2. Virulence Regression Equation

[0036]

[0037] Analysis of Table 1 shows that cyperus saponins have significant contact toxicity against aphids. When the concentration is greater than 0.25 mg / ml, the mortality rate of aphids is greater than 50%, and when the concentration reaches 2 mg / ml, the mortality rate can reach 98%.

[0038] Example 1: Preparation of an aphid-killing agent

[0039] After dissolving N-methylpyrrolidone, add turpentine oil and Tween 80 and mix and disperse evenly. The mass ratio of N-methylpyrrolidone, turpentine oil and Tween 80 is 1:2:0.8. Then add an appropriate amount of physalis saponin to obtain an aphid killer. The concentration of physalis saponin in the aphid killer is 1 mg / ml.

[0040] Example 2: Preparation of Aphid Killer

[0041] After dissolving N-methylpyrrolidone, add turpentine oil and Tween 80 and mix and disperse evenly. The mass ratio of N-methylpyrrolidone, turpentine oil and Tween 80 is 1:2.5:1. Then add an appropriate amount of physalis saponin to obtain an aphid killer. The concentration of physalis saponin in the aphid killer is 2 mg / ml.

[0042] Example 3: Preparation of Aphid Killer

[0043] After dissolving N-methylpyrrolidone, add turpentine oil and Tween 80 and mix and disperse evenly. The mass ratio of N-methylpyrrolidone, turpentine oil and Tween 80 is 1:2.3:0.9. Then add an appropriate amount of physalis saponin to obtain an aphid killer. The concentration of physalis saponin in the aphid killer is 0.2 mg / ml.

[0044] Experiment 2: Potted Plant Control Efficacy Experiment

[0045] One hundred mature and highly active cotton aphids were placed on each potted cotton plant. The aphidicide prepared in Example 1 was used to conduct a potted cotton aphid control experiment, which served as the experimental group. At the same time, a control group (containing no physalis saponins, but containing the same concentration of N-methylpyrrolidone, turpentine oil and Tween-80) and a blank group (no pesticide) were set up. Each group had 3 replicates. The pesticide was applied once a day, and each time the entire cotton potted plant with severe aphid infestation was sprayed. After 7 days, the aphid situation on the potted plants in each group was observed, and the mortality rate was counted. The data obtained are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3

[0047] Average mortality rate (%) experimental group 84.67 control group 0 blank 0

[0048] Analysis of the data in Table 3 shows that the aphid killer prepared in this invention has a good insecticidal effect on aphids on potted seedlings.

[0049] Experiment 3: Field Control Experiment

[0050] In June 2024, cotton fields (New Sponge Cotton) infested with cotton aphids were treated. In the experimental group, an aphidicide was prepared by mixing N-methylpyrrolidone, turpentine, and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.8, with the addition of an appropriate amount of *Trifolium repens* saponin. The concentration of *Trifolium repens* saponin in the aphidicide was 20 mg / ml. The mixture was diluted 10 times before application to achieve a *Trifolium repens* saponin concentration of 2 mg / ml, and sprayed evenly on each plant. The row spacing was 1m × 0.5m.

[0051] The prevention and control area is 30m² per community. 2 Three replicates were used. Three sampling points were randomly selected before pesticide application, with 5 plants surveyed at each sampling point and the top 5 leaves of each plant surveyed. The insect population was surveyed 1, 3, and 7 days after pesticide application. The data obtained are shown in Table 4.

[0052] Insect population reduction rate (%) = (Number of insects before application - Number of insects after application) / Number of insects before application × 100%

[0053] Table 4

[0054]

[0055] According to field control experiments, the aphid killer prepared in this invention achieved a control effect of 81% within 7 days, which is significant.

Claims

1. Application of *Platycodon grandiflorus* saponins in aphid control, wherein the structural formula of the *Platycodon grandiflorus* saponins is as follows: The aphid in question is the cotton aphid, and the control method is contact killing.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application of the plant leaf saponins in the preparation of aphid killers.

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