Techniques for transmitting repetition in wireless communications

Abstract

Aspects described herein relate to generating a plurality of repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission, and transmitting the plurality of repetitions of the uplink signal, where each of the plurality of repetitions includes a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRSs). Other aspects relate to receiving the repetition and determining a phase difference in the repetition using the PTRS for performing joint channel estimation.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application No. 17 / 968,533, filed on October 18, 2022, entitled “Techniques for transmittingrepetitions in wireless communications,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to techniques for sending repeated or repetitive signals.

[0004] Related technologies

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems.

[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. For example, the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication technology, which may be referred to as 5G New Radio (5G NR), is designed to expand and support diverse usage scenarios and applications for current mobile network generations. On the one hand, 5G communication technology may include: enhanced mobile broadband addressing people-centric use cases for accessing multimedia content, services, and data; ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) with certain specifications for latency and reliability; and massive machine-type communications that may allow very large numbers of connected devices and the transmission of relatively small amounts of non-delay-sensitive information. Summary of the invention

[0007] The following presents the summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0008] According to one aspect, a device for wireless communication is provided, the device comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are operable to cause the device to generate multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission when executed by the processor, and transmit multiple repetitions of the uplink signal, wherein each repetition in the multiple repetitions contains a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) set.

[0009] In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are operable to cause the apparatus to perform the following operations when executed by the processor: receiving multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for a user equipment (UE), wherein each of the multiple repetitions includes a PTRS set; and combining the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from the PTRS set for each of the multiple repetitions.

[0010] In another aspect, a method for wireless communication at a UE is provided, the method comprising: generating multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission; and transmitting the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal, wherein each repetition of the multiple repetitions comprises a PTRS set.

[0011] On the other hand, a method for wireless communication at a network node is provided, the method comprising: receiving multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for a UE, wherein each of the multiple repetitions comprises a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) set; and combining the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from the PTRS set for each of the multiple repetitions.

[0012] In a further aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions to perform the operations of the methods described herein. In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising means for performing the operations of the methods described herein. In yet another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, the computer-readable medium comprising code executable by one or more processors to perform the operations of the methods described herein.

[0013] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are merely indicative of some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this specification is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The disclosed aspects will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided to illustrate rather than limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like numerals represent like elements, and in which:

[0015] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0016] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user equipment (UE) according to various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for transmitting multiple repetitions of a channel according to aspects described herein, wherein each repetition has a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRS);

[0020] Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for combining multiple repetitions of a channel with each repetition having a PTRS set according to aspects described herein;

[0021] Figure 7 An example of resource allocation for multiple repetitions, where each repetition has a PTRS set, according to aspects described herein is illustrated;

[0022] Figure 8 An example of resource allocation for multiple repetitions according to aspects described herein is illustrated, wherein each repetition has a PTRS set including a PTRS gap set; and

[0023] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system including a base station and UEs according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various aspects are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects, numerous specific details are described. However, it is apparent that such aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0025] The features described herein relate to sending repetitions in wireless communications as a whole. In some wireless communication technologies, such as fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR), a network node, such as a user equipment (UE), may be configured to send repetitions or repeated signals. For example, a UE may be configured to send multiple repetitions of an uplink channel, such as a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc., wherein the multiple repetitions may include a first transmission of the uplink channel and any subsequent repetitions of the uplink channel. Sending repetitions may improve uplink channel or reference signal coverage, and the improvement may be linearly scaled by the number of repetitions (e.g., two repetitions may improve coverage by 3 decibels (dB), four repetitions may improve coverage by 6 dB, etc.). In addition, for example, in 5GNR, a network node or other entity receiving multiple repetitions may perform joint channel estimation (e.g., bundling demodulation reference signals (DMRS) or SRS combinations) to further improve uplink coverage based on multiple uplink repetitions. Joint channel estimation can usually exploit the phase continuity across repetitions.

[0026] In order to maintain phase continuity between uplink channel repetitions, a set of conditions may be required. Such conditions may include consistent modulation orders or precoding across repetitions, consistent resource block (RB) allocation in terms of length and frequency position, and ensuring that intra-slot and inter-slot frequency hopping can be disabled within the repetition combination package. Additional conditions may include consistent power levels on repeated transmissions, consistent uplink beams on repeated transmissions, and gaps of less than 1 millisecond (ms) between repetitions. Additional conditions may include: if there is an uplink transmission between repetitions, the uplink transmission and the repetition should have the same peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and average power (for example, the repeated PUSCH / PUCCH part and SRS should have the same PAPR and average power). Additional conditions may include a consistent allocation number and position of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for repeated transmissions, consistent antenna port settings, ensuring that there is no downlink reception scheduling between repetitions, etc.

[0027] Aspects described herein relate to inserting a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) or a set of PTRS (e.g., a set of PTRS tones) for each repetition in a plurality of repetitions or within each repetition in a plurality of repetitions to allow for phase discontinuity between repetitions. This can facilitate reference signal (RS) bundling (e.g., and thereby facilitate joint channel estimation) without the need for phase continuity, and remove or mitigate at least some of the above conditions. According to such aspects, a node receiving a signal from a UE can estimate the phase difference between repetitions based on the PTRS, and can compensate for the phase difference accordingly when combining repetitions. This can allow a UE / device to achieve improved coverage without strict requirements for phase continuity, which can result in more efficient use of radio resources, and can accordingly improve the user experience of using the network and / or UE / device, etc.

[0028] The following will refer to Figures 1 to 9 The described features are presented in more detail.

[0029] As used in this application, the terms "component", "module", "system", etc. are intended to include computer-related entities, such as but not limited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but not limited to: a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. By way of example, both an application running on a computing device and a computing device can be a component. One or more components may exist in a process and / or a thread of execution, and a component may be located in a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. Components may communicate by means of local and / or remote processes, such as according to signals having one or more data packets (such as data from a component as follows: the component interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or interacts with other systems across a network such as the Internet).

[0030] The technology described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, single carrier FDMA and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" can often be used interchangeably. A CDMA system can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 versions 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Speed ​​Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM TM Etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Advanced LTE (LTE-A) are new versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents of an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents of an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein can be used for the above-mentioned systems and radio technologies as well as other systems and radio technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communications on shared radio frequency spectrum bands. However, the following description describes an LTE / LTE-A system for example purposes, and LTE terminology is used in most of the following descriptions, but these techniques can also be applied beyond LTE / LTE-A applications (e.g., to fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) networks or other next generation communication systems).

[0031] The following description provides examples, but does not limit the scope, applicability or examples set forth in the claims. The functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Various procedures or components may be omitted, replaced or added to each example as appropriate. For example, the described method may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with respect to some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0032] Various aspects or features will be presented with respect to systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and / or may not include all of the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the figures. Combinations of these methods may also be used.

[0033] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include a base station 102, a UE 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and / or a 5G core (5GC) 190. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low power cellular base station). The macro cell may include a base station. The small cell may include a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell. In one example, the base station 102 may also include a gNB 180, as further described herein. In one example, according to aspects described herein, some nodes of the wireless communication system may have a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342 for sending multiple repetitions, wherein each repetition has a PTRS set. In addition, according to aspects described herein, some nodes may have a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442 for combining multiple received repetitions based on the PTRS set of each repetition. Although UE 104 is shown as having a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342, and base station 102 / gNB 180 is shown as having a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442, this is an illustrative example, and substantially any node or type of node may include a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342 and / or a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442 to provide the corresponding functionality described herein.

[0034] The base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (which may be collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., using an S1 interface). The base station 102 configured for 5G NR (which may be collectively referred to as the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a backhaul link 184. The base station 102 may perform one or more of the following functions, among other functions: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through EPC 160 or 5GC 190) over backhaul link 134 (e.g., using an X2 interface). Backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0035] The base station 102 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group (which may be referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG)). The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may use spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) bandwidth per carrier allocated in carrier aggregation for up to Yx MHz (e.g., corresponding to x component carriers) in total for transmission in the DL and / or UL directions. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL ​​and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0036] In another example, some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on IEEE 802.11 standards, LTE, or NR.

[0037] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available prior to communication.

[0038] The small cell 102' may operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102' employing NR in the unlicensed spectrum may improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0039] The base station 102 (whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station)) may include an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or other types of base stations. Some base stations, such as gNB 180, may operate in traditional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates at mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW can extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio bands have extremely high path loss and short distances. The mmW base station 180 can use beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. The base station 102 mentioned in this article can include a gNB 180.

[0040] The EPC 160 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Typically, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the serving gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN gateway 172. The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP services 176. The IP services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functionality for MBMS user service configuration and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS delivery, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services in a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS delivery. The MBMS gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS services to base stations 102 belonging to a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area that broadcasts a specific service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS-related billing information.

[0041] 5GC 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a session management function (SMF) 194, and a user plane function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may communicate with unified data management (UDM) 196. AMF 192 may be a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and 5GC 190. Generally speaking, AMF 192 may provide QoS flow and session management. User Internet Protocol (IP) packets (e.g., from one or more UEs 104) may be transmitted through UPF 195. UPF 195 may provide UE IP address allocation and other functions for one or more UEs. UPF 195 is connected to IP services 197. IP services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0042] Base stations may also be referred to as gNBs, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), access points, base transceivers, radio base stations, radio transceivers, transceiver functions, basic service sets (BSSs), extended service sets (ESSs), transmit receive points (TRPs), or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 provides an access point to EPC 160 or 5GC 190 for UE 104. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). IoT UEs may include machine type communication (MTC) / enhanced MTC (eMTC, also referred to as Category (CAT)-M or Cat M1) UEs, NB-IoT (also referred to as CAT NB1) UEs, and other types of UEs. In the present disclosure, eMTC and NB-IoT may refer to future technologies that may evolve from or be based on these technologies. For example, eMTC may include FeMTC (further eMTC), eFeMTC (enhanced further eMTC), mMTC (massive MTC), etc., and NB-IoT may include eNB-IoT (enhanced NB-IoT), FeNB-IoT (further enhanced NB-IoT), etc. UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0043] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G New Radio (NR) system) can be arranged with various components or components in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS, e.g., BS102), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0044] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0045] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configurations such as those initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0046] In one example, the UE communication component 342 can send multiple repetitions of a channel (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.), where each repetition can include a set of PTRS to facilitate phase tracking for each given repetition. The BS communication component 442 can receive multiple repetitions of the channel and can combine the multiple repetitions based on calculating a phase difference between each of the multiple repetitions of the channel. As described above, this can allow the UE 104 to improve coverage by utilizing repetitions without the current strict requirements for joint channel estimation. In contrast, the base station 102 or other device receiving the signal from the UE 104 can determine the phase difference based on the PTRS and can compensate for the phase difference when combining the repetitions or otherwise performing joint channel estimation based on the repetitions.

[0047] Figure 2 A diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station 200 architecture is shown. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that may communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 205, or both. The CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 240.

[0048] Each of the units (e.g., CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225, non-RT RIC 215, and SMO framework 205) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the unit may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) that is configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0049] In some aspects, CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 210. CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 210 may be implemented to communicate with DU 230 for network control and signaling.

[0050] DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending at least in part on functional splits such as those defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 230 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 230 or with control functions hosted by CU 210.

[0051] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, the RU 240 controlled by the DU 230 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 240 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 230 and the CU 210 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0052] The SMO framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near-RT RIC 225. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 205 may also include a non-RT RIC 215 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 205 .

[0053] The non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 225. The non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 225 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 225.

[0054] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 225, the non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 225 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 205 or the non-RT RIC 215. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 215 or the near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 205 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0055] In one example, as described herein, the BS communication component 442 can be implemented at least partially within the CU 210 and can receive repeated and associated PTRS via one or more DUs 230, etc., perform joint channel estimation, etc. In another example, as described herein, the BS communication component 442 can be implemented at least partially within the DU 230 and can receive repeated and associated PTRS via one or more RUs 240, etc., perform joint channel estimation, etc.

[0056] Now turn to Figures 3 to 9 , various aspects are described with reference to one or more components and one or more methods that can perform the actions or operations described herein, where aspects in dashed lines may be optional. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The operations described in the description are presented in a particular order and / or as being performed by example components, but it should be understood that the order of these actions and the components performing the actions may vary depending on the specific implementation. In addition, it should be understood that the following actions, functions, and / or components described may be performed by a specially programmed processor, a processor executing specially programmed software or computer-readable media, or any other combination of hardware components and / or software components capable of performing the described actions or functions.

[0057] refer to Figure 3 According to aspects described herein, an example implementation of UE 104 may include various components, some of which have been described above and will be further described herein, including components such as one or more processors 312 and memory 316 and transceiver 302 that communicate via one or more buses 344, which can operate in conjunction with a modem 340 and / or UE communication component 342 to transmit multiple repetitions, each repetition having a PTRS set.

[0058] In one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include a modem 340 and / or may be part of a modem 340 that uses one or more modem processors. Accordingly, various functions associated with the UE communication component 342 may be included in the modem 340 and / or the processor 312, and in one aspect, may be performed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different ones of these functions may be performed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receive processor, or a transceiver processor associated with the transceiver 302. In other aspects, some of the features associated with the UE communication component 342 of the features of one or more processors 312 and / or the modem 340 may be performed by the transceiver 302.

[0059] Additionally, the memory 316 may be configured to store data used herein and / or a local version of an application 375, or one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or its sub-components executed by at least one processor 312. The memory 316 may include any type of computer-readable medium that can be used by a computer or at least one processor 312, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, for example, when the UE 104 is operating at least one processor 312 to execute one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or its sub-components, the memory 316 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more computer-executable codes defining one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or data associated therewith.

[0060] The transceiver 302 may include at least one receiver 306 and at least one transmitter 308. The receiver 306 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). The receiver 306 may be, for example, a radio frequency (RF) receiver. In one aspect, the receiver 306 may receive signals transmitted by at least one base station 102. Additionally, the receiver 306 may process such received signals and may also obtain measurements of these signals, such as but not limited to Ec / Io, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), etc. The transmitter 308 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). Suitable examples of the transmitter 308 may include, but are not limited to, an RF transmitter.

[0061] In addition, in an aspect, the UE 104 may include an RF front end 388 that may operate in communication with the one or more antennas 365 and the transceiver 302 to receive and transmit radio transmissions, such as wireless communications transmitted by at least one base station 102 or wireless transmissions transmitted by the UE 104. The RF front end 388 may be connected to the one or more antennas 365 and may include one or more low noise amplifiers (LNAs) 390, one or more switches 392, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 398, and one or more filters 396 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

[0062] In one aspect, the LNA 390 can amplify the received signal at a desired output level. In one aspect, each LNA 390 can have a specified minimum gain value and a maximum gain value. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a particular LNA 390 and its specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0063] In addition, for example, the RF front end 388 can use one or more PAs 398 to amplify the signal for RF output at a desired output power level. In one aspect, each PA 398 can have a specified minimum gain value and a maximum gain value. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a particular PA 398 and its specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

[0064] In addition, for example, the RF front end 388 can use one or more filters 396 to filter the received signal to obtain an input RF signal. Similarly, in one aspect, for example, the output from the corresponding PA 398 can be filtered using a corresponding filter 396 to produce an output signal for transmission. In one aspect, each filter 396 can be connected to a specific LNA 390 and / or PA 398. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 can use one or more switches 392 to select a transmit path or a receive path using a specified filter 396, LNA 390, and / or PA 398 based on a configuration as specified by the transceiver 302 and / or the processor 312.

[0065] Thus, the transceiver 302 can be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 365 via the RF front end 388. In one aspect, the transceiver can be tuned to operate at a specified frequency so that the UE 104 can communicate with, for example, one or more base stations 102 or one or more cells associated with one or more base stations 102. In one aspect, for example, the modem 340 can configure the transceiver 302 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on a UE configuration of the UE 104 and a communication protocol used by the modem 340.

[0066] In one aspect, the modem 340 may be a multi-band multi-mode modem that processes digital data and communicates with the transceiver 302 so that the digital data is transmitted and received using the transceiver 302. In one aspect, the modem 340 may be multi-band and configured to support multiple frequency bands for a specific communication protocol. In one aspect, the modem 340 may be multi-mode and configured to support multiple operating networks and communication protocols. In one aspect, the modem 340 may control one or more components (e.g., RF front end 388, transceiver 302) of the UE 104 to enable the sending and / or receiving of signals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In one aspect, the modem configuration may be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency band used. In another aspect, the modem configuration may be based on UE configuration information associated with the UE 104 as provided by the network during cell selection and / or cell reselection.

[0067] In one aspect, according to aspects described herein, the UE communication component 342 may optionally include: a repetition component 352 for generating, obtaining and / or sending multiple repetitions of a channel and / or a PTRS component 354 for inserting a PTRS, a PTRS set, a PTRS tone set, etc. in each of the multiple repetitions.

[0068] In one aspect, processor 312 may correspond to combining Fig. 9Similarly, the memory 316 may correspond to one or more processors in conjunction with the UE described in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 The memory described by the UE in.

[0069] refer to Figure 4 In accordance with aspects described herein, an example of a specific implementation of a base station 102 (e.g., base station 102 and / or gNB 180 as described above) may include various components, some of which have been described above, but include components such as one or more processors 412 and memory 416 and a transceiver 402 that communicate via one or more buses 444, which may operate in conjunction with a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442 for combining multiple reception repetitions based on a PTRS set for each repetition.

[0070] The transceiver 402, receiver 406, transmitter 408, one or more processors 412, memory 416, applications 475, bus 444, RF front end 488, LNA 490, switch 492, filter 496, PA 498 and one or more antennas 465 may be the same as or similar to the corresponding components of UE 104 described above, but are configured or otherwise programmed for base station operation rather than UE operation.

[0071] In one aspect, according to aspects described herein, the BS communication component 442 may optionally include: a PTRS processing component 452 for processing the PTRS in each of multiple repetitions of a channel received from the UE to determine a phase difference between the repetitions; and / or a repetition combining component 454 for combining the repetitions (e.g., via joint channel estimation) to compensate for the phase difference.

[0072] In one aspect, processor 412 may correspond to combining Fig. 9 Similarly, the memory 416 may correspond to one or more processors in conjunction with the base station described in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 The memory described in the base station.

[0073] Figure 5 A flow chart illustrating an example of a method 500 for transmitting multiple repetitions of a channel, each repetition having a PTRS set, according to aspects described herein. Figure 6 A flow chart illustrating an example of a method 600 for combining multiple repetitions of a channel with each repetition having a PTRS set according to aspects described herein. In one example, UE 104 may use Figure 1 and Figure 3One or more of the components described in perform the functions described in method 500. In one example, a network node (e.g., base station 102, gNB, monolithic base station, a part of a disaggregated base station, etc.) may use Figure 1 and Figure 4 One or more of the components described in perform the functions described in method 600. For ease of explanation, methods 500 and 600 are described in conjunction with each other; however, methods 500 and 600 do not need to be performed together and can actually be performed independently using separate devices.

[0074] In method 500, at block 502, multiple repetitions for transmitting an uplink signal may be generated. In one aspect, a repetition component 352 (e.g., in conjunction with a processor 312, a memory 316, a transceiver 302, a UE communication component 342, etc.) may generate multiple repetitions of the uplink signal for transmission. For example, the repetition component 352 may generate multiple repetitions for transmission on resources scheduled by a network node, which may include resources in multiple consecutive or non-consecutive time instances (e.g., multiple consecutive or non-consecutive symbols such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDM) symbols, etc.), time slots of multiple symbols, etc. In one example, the network node may also configure parameters for the UE 104 for transmitting repetitions, such as the number of repetitions to be transmitted, the resources for each repetition, etc. Generating each of the multiple repetitions may include generating a corresponding channel (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, SRS, etc.) for transmission in the resources of multiple symbols, time slots, etc., or otherwise obtaining or modulating a channel from a second higher layer (e.g., media access control (MAC) layer) at a first network layer (e.g., physical (PHY) layer). Additionally, as described herein, the repetition may include an initial transmission and / or one or more repeated transmissions of the initial transmission.

[0075] In method 500, at block 504, multiple repetitions of the uplink signal may be transmitted, where each repetition of the multiple repetitions includes a set of PTRS. In one aspect, a UE communication component 342 (e.g., in conjunction with a processor 312, a memory 316, a transceiver 302, etc.) may transmit multiple repetitions of the uplink signal, where each repetition of the multiple repetitions includes a set of PTRS (e.g., one or more PTRS or PTRS tones). For example, a PTRS component 354 may insert PTRS in each of the multiple repetitions, and for each repetition, the UE communication component 342 may modulate the channel and the PTRS tones into the signal for transmission, where the signal has a phase that may be tracked or determined based on the PTRS tones in the signal. In this regard, each repetition signal may have its own phase, and a receiving node may determine or otherwise compensate for the phase difference based on the PTRS tones in the signal.

[0076] In the method 600, at block 602, multiple repetitions of an uplink signal may be received for a UE, wherein each of the multiple repetitions includes a PTRS set. In one aspect, the BS communication component 442 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, etc.) may receive multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for a UE, wherein each of the multiple repetitions includes a PTRS set (e.g., one or more PTRS or PTRS tones). For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may obtain a PTRS in each of the multiple repetitions and may determine a phase difference between the PTRSs.

[0077] In method 600, at box 604, multiple repetitions of the uplink signal may be combined for decoding the signal based on a phase difference calculated from a PTRS set for each repetition in the multiple repetitions. In one aspect, the repetition combination component 454 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, the BS communication component 442, etc.) may combine the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from a PTRS set for each repetition in the multiple repetitions. For example, the repetition combination component 454 may use the multiple repetitions and utilize information about the phase difference between the multiple repetitions to perform joint channel estimation. In one example, the repetition combination component 454 may use the phase difference to adjust the phase of a given repetition to match the phase of the initial transmission when combining the repetitions with the initial transmission to perform joint channel estimation. Figure 7 An example is shown in .

[0078] Figure 7 An example of resource allocation 700, 702 for multiple repetitions is illustrated, wherein each repetition has a PTRS set. For example, the resource allocation 700 may include time and frequency resource allocations for repetition 1 704, repetition 2 706, and repetition 3 708. In this example, the repetitions 704, 706, 708 may be scheduled in adjacent or consecutive time instances (e.g., consecutive time slots, symbols, etc.) so that there is no time gap between the resources scheduled for the repetitions 704, 706, 708. In addition, in this example, the repetitions 704, 706, 708 may be scheduled in the same or similar frequency resources (e.g., the same or similar subcarriers, resource blocks (RBs), etc.) on the time resources. In one example, the UE (e.g., UE 104 and / or associated UE communication component 342) may send the repetitions 704, 706, 708 at different power levels. The repetitions may each have a different phase.

[0079] As shown, the PTRS component 354 can add PTRS (e.g., PTRS tones) in repetitions, including PTRS 710, 712 in repetition 1 704, PTRS 714, 716, 718, 720 in repetition 2 706, and PTRS 722, 724 in repetition 3 708. In this example, PTRS 710, 714 can be back-to-back (e.g., consecutive or adjacent in time resources) and in the same or similar frequency resources in repetitions 704, 706 as PTRS 712, 716. In one example, placing PTRS in similar frequency resources in adjacent time resources (e.g., in adjacent OFDM symbols that span the boundary between two repetitions, also referred to herein as boundary OFDM symbols) may facilitate more accurate estimation of the phase difference between PTRSs (e.g., between PTRSs 710 and 714 and / or between PTRSs 712 and 716), and thus facilitate more accurate estimation of the phase difference between repetitions (e.g., repetition 1 704 and repetition 2 706). For example, the PTRS may thus be sent continuously in time, such as at the end of a first OFDM symbol and at the beginning of a next OFDM symbol, with the PTRS in each repetition being gathered at a time boundary OFDM symbol between each repetition.

[0080] In one example, the PTRS processing component 452 of the node receiving the repetitions 704, 706, 708 may calculate a first phase difference between repetition 1 704 and repetition 2 706 based on the phase difference between PTRS 710 and 714 and / or between PTRS 712 and 716, and may calculate a second phase difference between repetition 2 706 and repetition 3 708 based on the phase difference between PTRS 718 and 722 and / or between PTRS 720 and 724. For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may estimate the difference between the two phases of the two repetitions, assuming that the channel does not change across the two boundary OFDM symbols. The repetition combination component 454 may perform joint channel estimation of the repetitions 704, 706, 708 or otherwise combine the repetitions based on the first phase difference and the second phase difference. For example, the repetition combination component 454 may account for the phase difference when performing joint channel estimation or other combinations of repetitions.

[0081] For example, resource allocation 702 may include time and frequency resource allocations for repetition 1 726 and repetition 2 728. In this example, repetitions 726, 728 may be scheduled in adjacent or consecutive time instances (e.g., consecutive time slots, symbols, etc.) such that there are no time gaps between resources scheduled for repetitions 726, 728. Additionally, in this example, repetitions 726, 728 may be scheduled in different numbers of frequency resources (e.g., different numbers of subcarriers, RBs, etc.) over the time resources. In one example, a UE (e.g., UE 104 and / or associated UE communication component 342) may transmit repetitions 726, 728 at different power levels. The repetitions may each have a different phase.

[0082] As shown, the PTRS component 354 may add PTRS (e.g., PTRS tones) in the repetitions, including PTRS 730, 732 in repetition 1 726 and PTRS 734, 736 in repetition 2 728. In this example, PTRS 730, 734 may be back-to-back (e.g., consecutive or adjacent in time resources) and in the same or similar frequency resources in repetitions 726, 728 as PTRS 732, 736, although repetitions 726, 728 may span different numbers of RBs. In one example, the PTRS processing component 452 of the node receiving repetitions 726, 728 may calculate the phase difference between repetition 1 726 and repetition 2 728 based on the phase difference between PTRS 730 and 734 and / or between PTRS 732 and 736. For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may estimate the difference between the two phases of the two repetitions, assuming that the channel does not change across the two boundary OFDM symbols. The repetition combining component 454 can perform joint channel estimation of the repetitions 726, 728 based on the phase difference or otherwise combine the repetitions.

[0083] In another example, there may be a time gap between repetitions, and in some examples, the UE may send a PTRS set during the gap to facilitate phase estimation across repetitions. In method 500, optionally at block 506, a PTRS gap set may be sent in a gap between two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions. In one aspect, the UE communication component 342 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 312, the memory 316, the transceiver 302, etc.) may send a PTRS gap set (e.g., one or more PTRS or PTRS tones) in a gap between two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions. For example, the PTRS component 354 may insert the PTRS gap set in a time gap between two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions. For example, a time gap may include a time instance (such as a time slot, a symbol, etc.) during which a repetition is not scheduled for transmission. A time instance may include an uplink time slot or symbol, a downlink time slot or symbol, etc., as further described herein. For example, where the time instance includes a downlink time slot or symbol, the PTRS component 354 may send a set of PTRS slots in an uplink subband during the downlink time slot or symbol (e.g., where the uplink subband may be allocated or configured by a network node in a subband full-duplex configuration).

[0084] In method 600, optionally at box 606, a PTRS gap set may be received in a gap between two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions. In one aspect, the BS communication component 442 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, etc.) may receive a PTRS gap set (e.g., one or more PTRS or PTRS tones) in a gap between two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions. For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may obtain a PTRS gap set between two repetitions, and may calculate a phase difference between the PTRS set and the PTRS gap set to determine a phase difference between repetitions. For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may calculate a first phase difference between the PTRS set and the PTRS gap set in a first repetition, and a second phase difference between the PTRS set and the PTRS gap set in a second repetition, and may calculate a phase difference between repetitions based on the first phase difference and the second phase difference (e.g., by adding the first phase difference and the second phase difference). Figure 8 An example is shown in .

[0085] Figure 8An example of resource allocation 800, 802 for multiple repetitions is illustrated, where each repetition has a PTRS set including a PTRS gap set. For example, resource allocation 800 may include time and frequency resource allocation for repetition 1 804, UL slot 806, and repetition 2 808, where UL slot 806 is the gap between repetitions 804, 808. In addition, in this example, repetitions 804, 808 may be scheduled in the same or different frequency resources (e.g., the same or different number of subcarriers, RBs, etc.) over the time resources. In one example, a UE (e.g., UE 104 and / or associated UE communication component 342) may send repetitions 804, 808 at different power levels. The repetitions may each have a different phase.

[0086] As shown, the PTRS component 354 can add PTRS (e.g., PTRS tones) in repetitions and gaps, including PTRS 810 in repetition 1 808, gap PTRS 812 in UL time slot 806, and PTRS 814 in repetition 2 808. In this example, the PTRS 810, 814 can be at OFDM symbol boundaries and in the same or similar frequency resources in repetitions 804, 808. The gap PTRS 812 can also be in the same or similar frequency resources as the PTRS 810, 814 and can be in the middle of the UL time slot 806 or within the UL time slot 806 at another time instance, and the UE may not have a scheduled transmission in the UL time slot 806. In one example, placing the gap PTRS 812 in a middle or substantially center time instance (e.g., symbol) within the UL timeslot 806 may facilitate more accurately estimating the phase difference between PTRSs (e.g., between PTRSs 810, 814 and / or the gap PTRS 812), and thereby more accurately estimating the phase difference between repetitions having gaps therebetween (e.g., repetition 1 804 and repetition 2 808).

[0087] In one example, the PTRS processing component 452 of the node receiving the repetitions 804, 808 can calculate the phase difference between repetition 1 804 and repetition 2 808 based on the phase difference between PTRS 812 and 810 and between PTRS 812 and 814 (e.g., as (phase of PTRS 812 - phase of PTRS 810) + (phase of PTRS 814 - phase of PTRS 812)). The repetition combining component 454 can perform joint channel estimation of the repetitions 804, 808 based on the phase difference or otherwise combine the repetitions.

[0088] For example, resource allocation 802 may include time and frequency resource allocation for repetition 1 816, DL slot 818, and repetition 2 820, where DL slot 818 is a gap between repetitions 816, 820. Additionally, in this example, repetitions 816, 820 may be scheduled in the same or different frequency resources (e.g., the same or different number of subcarriers, RBs, etc.) over the time resources. In one example, a UE (e.g., UE 104 and / or associated UE communication component 342) may transmit repetitions 816, 820 at different power levels. The repetitions may each have a different phase.

[0089] As shown, the PTRS component 354 may add PTRS (e.g., PTRS tones) in repetitions and gaps, including PTRS 822 in repetition 1 816, gap PTRS 824 in the UL subband 826 of the DL slot 818, and PTRS 828 in repetition 2 820. In this example, the PTRS 822, 828 may be at the OFDM symbol boundary and in the same or similar frequency resources in the repetitions 816, 820. The gap PTRS 824 may also be in the same or similar frequency resources as the PTRS 822, 828 and may be in the middle of the DL slot 818 or within the DL slot 818 at another time instance, and the UE may not have a scheduled transmission in the DL slot 818. In one example, placing the gap PTRS 824 in a middle or substantially center time instance (e.g., symbol) within the DL timeslot 818 may facilitate more accurate estimation of phase differences between PTRSs (e.g., between PTRSs 822, 828 and / or gap PTRS 824), and thereby more accurately estimating the phase difference between repetitions having gaps therebetween (e.g., repetition 1 816 and repetition 2 820).

[0090] In one example, the PTRS processing component 452 of the node receiving the repetitions 816, 820 may calculate a phase difference between repetition 1 816 and repetition 2 820 based on the phase difference between PTRS 824 and 822 and between PTRS 828 and 824 (e.g., as (phase of PTRS 824 - phase of PTRS 822) + (phase of PTRS 828 - phase of PTRS 824)). The repetition combining component 454 may perform joint channel estimation of the repetitions 816, 820 based on the phase difference or otherwise combine the repetitions. In the above example, if the gap is a UL time slot, the UE may (only) send PTRS in the gap even if the UE has no PUCCH / PUSCH to send. If the GAP is a DL time slot, the UE may apply sub-band full duplexing (SBFD) to create a small dedicated UL sub-band in the DL time slot to send UL PTRS. In the case of intermediate inserted PTRS, the receiver can estimate (phase c-phase a), and (phase b-phase c), the receiver can derive phase b-phase a=(phase c-phase a)+(phase b-phase c), where phase a is the phase of the PTRS in the first repetition, phase b is the phase of the PTRS in the second repetition, and phase c is the phase of the PTRS in the gap.

[0091] In addition, in one example, the density of the PTRS inserted in the gaps may be configured by the network (e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling configured by the network, which may be based on Doppler / UE speed information). In method 600, optionally at block 608, a configuration indicating the density for sending a set of PTRS gaps may be sent. In one aspect, the PTRS processing component 452 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, the BS communication component 442, etc.) may send a configuration indicating the density for sending a set of PTRS gaps. For example, the configuration may identify the number of PTRS to be sent in the gaps, the frequency location of the set of PTRS gaps, etc. As described, for example, the PTRS processing component 452 may determine a specific configuration for a given UE based on certain characteristics of the UE (such as Doppler or UE speed information that a network node may obtain from or for the UE). For example, the PTRS processing component 452 may configure a higher density of gap PTRS tones for UEs with higher Doppler and / or higher mobile speeds, as this may result in a more variable radio environment at the UE. Additionally, for example, PTRS processing component 452 can transmit the configuration to the UE in RRC signaling, medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), downlink control information (DCI), and the like.

[0092] In the method 500, optionally at block 508, a configuration indicating a density for transmitting a set of PTRS slots may be received. In an aspect, the PTRS component 354 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 312, the memory 316, the transceiver 302, the UE communication component 342, etc.) may receive a configuration indicating a density for transmitting a set of PTRS slots. For example, the configuration may identify the number of PTRS to be transmitted in the slots, the frequency locations of the PTRS slot sets, etc. The PTRS component 354 may accordingly insert the PTRS tones in the slots (e.g., in a UL time slot or in a UL subband of a DL time slot) based on the parameters indicated in the configuration (such as in the indicated frequency locations), according to the number of PTRS tones to be transmitted, etc.

[0093] Fig. 9 1 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system 900 including a base station 102 and a UE 104. The MIMO communication system 900 may be exemplified with reference to Figure 1 The wireless communication access network 100 described herein may include various aspects of the wireless communication access network 100. The base station 102 may be a reference Figure 1 Examples of various aspects of the described base station 102. The base station 102 may be equipped with antennas 934 and 935, and the UE 104 may be equipped with antennas 952 and 953. In the MIMO communication system 900, the base station 102 may be able to transmit data over multiple communication links simultaneously. Each communication link may be referred to as a "layer", and the "rank" of the communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example, in a 2x2 MIMO communication system in which the base station 102 sends two "layers", the rank of the communication link between the base station 102 and the UE 104 is two.

[0094] At the base station 102, a transmit (Tx) processor 920 may receive data from a data source. The transmit processor 920 may process data. The transmit processor 920 may also generate control symbols or reference symbols. The transmit MIMO processor 930 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, or reference symbols (if applicable), and may provide an output symbol stream to a transmit modulator / demodulator 932 and a modulator / demodulator 933. Each modulator / demodulator 932 to a modulator / demodulator 933 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator / demodulator 932 to a modulator / demodulator 933 may further process the output sample stream (e.g., convert the output sample stream to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) to obtain a DL signal. In one example, the DL signals from the modulator / demodulator 932 and the modulator / demodulator 933 may be transmitted via antenna 934 and antenna 935, respectively.

[0095] UE 104 may be a reference Figure 1 and Figure 3Examples of various aspects of the UE 104 described herein. At the UE 104, the UE antenna 952 and the antenna 953 can receive DL signals from the base station 102 and can provide received signals to the modulator / demodulator 954 and the modulator / demodulator 955, respectively. Each modulator / demodulator 954 to the modulator / demodulator 955 can condition the corresponding received signal (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize the corresponding received signal) to obtain input samples. Each modulator / demodulator 954 to the modulator / demodulator 955 can further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 956 can obtain received symbols from the modulator / demodulator 954 and the modulator / demodulator 955, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide detected symbols. The receive (Rx) processor 958 may process (eg, demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols to provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data output and to provide decoded control information to a processor 980 or memory 982 .

[0096] In some cases, processor 980 may execute stored instructions to instantiate UE communication component 342 (see, e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 ).

[0097] On the uplink (UL), at the UE 104, a transmit processor 964 may receive and process data from a data source. The transmit processor 964 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 964 may be pre-decoded by a transmit MIMO processor 966 (if applicable), further processed by the modulator / demodulator 954 and the modulator / demodulator 955 (e.g., for single carrier FDMA, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 102 according to the communication parameters received from the base station 102. At the base station 102, the UL signal from the UE 104 may be received by the antennas 934 and 935, processed by the modulator / demodulator 932 and the modulator / demodulator 933, detected by the MIMO detector 936 (if applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 938. The receive processor 938 may provide decoded data to a data output and the processor 940 or the memory 942.

[0098] In some cases, processor 940 may execute stored instructions to instantiate BS communication component 442 (see, e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 4 ).

[0099] The components of the UE 104 may be implemented individually or collectively using one or more ASICs, wherein the one or more ASICs are adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the modules indicated may be a component for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the MIMO communication system 900. Similarly, the components of the base station 102 may be implemented individually or collectively using one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which are adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the components indicated may be a component for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the MIMO communication system 900.

[0100] The following aspects are merely illustrative, and aspects thereof may be combined with aspects of other embodiments or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0101] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: generating multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission, and transmitting the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal, wherein each repetition of the multiple repetitions includes a PTRS set.

[0102] In aspect 2, the method according to aspect 1 includes: wherein the multiple repetitions are continuous in time, and wherein the PTRS in each repetition is set at a time boundary symbol between each repetition.

[0103] In aspect 3, the method according to aspect 2 includes: wherein transmitting the plurality of repetitions includes transmitting at least two of the plurality of repetitions at different power levels.

[0104] In aspect 4, the method according to any one of aspects 2 or 3 includes: wherein sending the multiple repetitions includes sending at least two repetitions of the multiple repetitions using different numbers of RBs.

[0105] In aspect 5, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4 includes: wherein the multiple repetitions are discontinuous in time, so that there is a gap in time between at least two repetitions among the multiple repetitions, and a PTRS gap set is sent in the gap.

[0106] In aspect 6, the method according to aspect 5 includes: wherein the gap includes an uplink time slot during which the UE is not scheduled to send uplink communications.

[0107] In aspect 7, the method according to any one of aspects 5 or 6 includes: wherein the gap includes a downlink time slot, and applying sub-band full duplexing to create an uplink sub-band in the downlink time slot for transmitting the PTRS slot set.

[0108] In aspect 8, the method according to any one of aspects 5 to 7 includes: receiving a configuration indicating a density for transmitting the PTRS gap set, wherein transmitting the PTRS gap set includes transmitting a plurality of gap PTRS in the gap based on the density.

[0109] In aspect 9, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8 includes: wherein the uplink signal includes one of PUCSH, PUCCH, PRACH or SRS.

[0110] Aspect 10 is a method for performing wireless communications at a network node, the method comprising: receiving multiple repetitions of an uplink signal for a UE, wherein each of the multiple repetitions comprises a PTRS set, and combining the multiple repetitions of the uplink signal for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from the PTRS set for each of the multiple repetitions.

[0111] In aspect 11, the method according to aspect 10 includes: wherein the multiple repetitions are continuous in time, wherein the PTRS in each repetition is at a time boundary symbol between each repetition, and wherein combining the multiple repetitions is based on estimating the phase difference between the PTRS sets used for each repetition.

[0112] In aspect 12, the method of aspect 11 includes: wherein at least two repetitions of the plurality of repetitions are received at different power levels.

[0113] In aspect 13, the method according to any one of aspects 11 or 12 includes: wherein receiving the multiple repetitions includes receiving at least two repetitions of the multiple repetitions in different numbers of RBs.

[0114] In aspect 14, the method according to any one of aspects 10 to 13 includes: wherein the multiple repetitions are discontinuous in time, so that there is a gap in time between at least two repetitions among the multiple repetitions, and receiving a PTRS gap set in the gap, wherein combining the multiple repetitions is based on estimating the phase difference between the PTRS set and / or the PTRS gap sets for each repetition.

[0115] In aspect 15, the method according to aspect 14 includes: wherein combining the multiple repetitions is based on estimating the phase difference between a first PTRS set of a first repetition in the multiple repetitions and the PTRS gap set, and estimating the phase difference between the PTRS gap set and a second repetition in the multiple repetitions, wherein the gap is between the first repetition and the second repetition.

[0116] In aspect 16, the method according to any one of aspects 14 or 15 includes: wherein the gap comprises an uplink time slot, during which the UE is not scheduled to send uplink communications.

[0117] In aspect 17, the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 16 includes: wherein the gap includes a downlink time slot, and applying sub-band full duplexing to create an uplink sub-band in the downlink time slot for receiving the PTRS slot set.

[0118] In aspect 18, the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 17 includes: sending a configuration indicating a density for sending the PTRS gap set, wherein receiving the PTRS gap set includes receiving a plurality of gap PTRSs in the gap based on the density.

[0119] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods described in aspects 1 to 18.

[0120] Aspect 20 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: means for performing any of the methods according to aspects 1 to 18.

[0121] Aspect 21 is a computer readable medium comprising code executable by one or more processors for wireless communication, the code comprising code for performing any of the methods according to aspects 1 to 18.

[0122] The above specific embodiments described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe examples and do not represent the only examples that can be implemented or fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" used in this specification means "used as an example, instance, or illustration", rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples". The specific embodiments include specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0123] Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned in the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, computer executable codes or instructions stored on a computer readable medium, or any combination thereof.

[0124] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a specially programmed device, such as, but not limited to, a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, for performing the functions described herein. Although the specially programmed processor may be a microprocessor, in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The specially programmed processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0125] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a non-transient computer-readable medium or sent through it. Other examples and specific implementations fall within the scope and essence of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using hardware, firmware, hard wiring, software executed by a specially programmed processor, or a combination of any of these items. The features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations. In addition, as used herein, including in the claims, the "or" used in the list of items starting with "at least one of" indicates a dispersed list, so that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0126] Computer readable medium includes both computer storage medium and communication medium, and this communication medium includes any medium that promotes computer program to be transferred from one place to another place.Storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, computer readable medium can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage device, magnetic disk storage device or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code parts and any other medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.In addition, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer readable medium.For example, if software is to send from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, wherein disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer readable media.

[0127] The previous description of the present disclosure is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the essence or scope of the present disclosure. In addition, although the elements of the described aspects and / or embodiments are described or claimed in singular form, plural forms may also be envisioned unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, all or part of any aspect and / or embodiment may be used together with all or part of any other aspect and / or embodiment. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication, the device include: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable when executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: generating a plurality of repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission; as well as The plurality of repetitions of the uplink signal are transmitted, wherein each of the plurality of repetitions comprises a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of repetitions are consecutive in time, and wherein the PTRS set in each repetition is on an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol at a time boundary between each repetition. 3 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to transmit at least two of the plurality of repetitions at different power levels.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to send at least two of the plurality of repetitions using different numbers of resource blocks (RBs).

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of repetitions are discontinuous in time such that there is a gap in time between at least two of the plurality of repetitions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to send a PTRS gap set in the gap.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the gap comprises an uplink time slot during which the apparatus is not scheduled to send uplink communications.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the gap comprises a downlink time slot, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to apply sub-band full-duplexing to create an uplink sub-band in the downlink time slot for transmitting the set of PTRS slots.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive a configuration indicating a density for transmitting the set of PTRS slots, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to transmit a plurality of slot PTRSs in the slots based on the density.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the uplink signal comprises one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUCSH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), or a sounding reference signal (SRS).

10. A device for wireless communication, the device include: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable when executed by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving a plurality of repetitions of an uplink signal for a user equipment (UE), wherein each repetition of the plurality of repetitions comprises a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRS); as well as The multiple repetitions of the uplink signal are combined for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from the PTRS set for each of the multiple repetitions.

11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the multiple repetitions are continuous in time, wherein the PTRS in each repetition is at a time boundary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) between each repetition, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to combine the multiple repetitions based on estimating the phase difference between the PTRS sets used for each repetition.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein at least two of the plurality of repetitions are received at different power levels.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive at least two of the plurality of repetitions in different numbers of resource blocks (RBs).

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the plurality of repetitions are discontinuous in time such that there is a gap in time between at least two of the plurality of repetitions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive a set of PTRS gaps in the gap, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to combine the plurality of repetitions based on estimating the PTRS set for each repetition and / or the phase difference between the PTRS gap sets.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the device to combine the multiple repetitions based on estimating the phase difference between a first PTRS set of a first repetition in the multiple repetitions and the PTRS gap set and estimating the phase difference between the PTRS gap set and a second repetition in the multiple repetitions, wherein the gap is between the first repetition and the second repetition.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the gap comprises an uplink time slot during which the UE is not scheduled to transmit uplink communications.

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the gap comprises a downlink time slot, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to apply sub-band full-duplexing to create an uplink sub-band in the downlink time slot for receiving the set of PTRS slots.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to send a configuration indicating a density for sending the set of PTRS slots, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive a plurality of slot PTRSs in the slot based on the density.

19. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method include: generating a plurality of repetitions of an uplink signal for transmission; as well as The plurality of repetitions of the uplink signal are transmitted, wherein each of the plurality of repetitions comprises a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRS).

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of repetitions are consecutive in time, and wherein the PTRS set in each repetition is on a time boundary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol between each repetition.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein transmitting the plurality of repetitions comprises transmitting at least two of the plurality of repetitions at different power levels.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein sending the plurality of repetitions comprises sending at least two of the plurality of repetitions using different numbers of resource blocks (RBs).

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of repetitions are discontinuous in time such that there is a gap in time between at least two of the plurality of repetitions, and the method further comprises sending a PTRS gap set in the gap.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the gap comprises an uplink time slot during which the UE is not scheduled to send uplink communications.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the slot comprises a downlink time slot, and the method further comprises applying sub-band full-duplexing to create an uplink sub-band in the downlink time slot for transmitting the set of PTRS slots.

26. The method of claim 23, further comprising receiving a configuration indicating a density for transmitting the PTRS slot set, wherein transmitting the PTRS slot set comprises transmitting a plurality of slots PTRS in the slot based on the density.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein the uplink signal comprises one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUCSH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), or a sounding reference signal (SRS).

28. A method for wireless communication at a network node, include: receiving a plurality of repetitions of an uplink signal for a user equipment (UE), wherein each repetition of the plurality of repetitions comprises a set of phase tracking reference signals (PTRS); as well as The multiple repetitions of the uplink signal are combined for decoding the uplink signal based on a phase difference calculated from the PTRS set for each of the multiple repetitions.

29. A method according to claim 28, wherein the multiple repetitions are continuous in time, wherein the PTRS in each repetition are at a time boundary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) between each repetition, and wherein combining the multiple repetitions is based on estimating the phase difference between the PTRS sets used for each repetition.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least two of the plurality of repetitions are received at different power levels.

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