Liquid feed prepared from residual food on dining table and preparation method of liquid feed
Liquid feed is prepared through sorting and decomposition, pulping and oil scraping, sterilization and enzymatic decomposition, fermentation and mixing steps, and the problems of high energy consumption, waste of nutrients or wastewater pollution in the leftover food treatment of dining table are solved, and efficient and environmentally friendly resource utilization and nutritional value are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510409237.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing table leftover food treatment methods have problems such as high energy consumption, waste of nutrients or wastewater pollution.
Liquid feed is prepared by sorting and removing impurities, pulping and scraping oil, sterilizing and enzymatic fermentation and mixing steps. By pre-digesting high-temperature amylase and fermenting of complex preparations of neuramines, the fermentation efficiency is improved and energy consumption is reduced.
The full utilization of the remaining food on the table is achieved, energy consumption and sewage discharge is reduced, and the liquid feed obtained is rich in small molecules of nutrients, which improves the digestive absorption rate and palatability of animals.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of resource utilization of table leftovers, and specifically relates to a method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers and its preparation method. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, in order to better realize the resource treatment of table leftovers in the industry, the collected table leftovers are usually converted into high-value products such as feed and fertilizer. This not only reduces environmental pollution, but also realizes the maximum utilization of resources, effectively promoting the sustainable development process of table leftovers treatment.
[0003] Currently, the main treatment methods for table leftovers are to remove most of the water through pretreatment methods such as filtration and extrusion, and then perform high-temperature sterilization followed by drying, or perform high-temperature sterilization followed by fermentation to obtain animal feed. However, although the feed obtained by the above method of drying after high-temperature sterilization has a long storage time, it consumes a large amount of energy during the preparation process and has a high cost. While the method of fermentation after high-temperature sterilization can effectively reduce energy consumption, its fermentation efficiency is limited, and the nutritional value and utilization rate of the fermentation products are not high. In addition, the sewage discharged by the above pretreatment methods such as filtration and extrusion or the aqueous phase separated after pulping contains high COD and BOD, which not only causes the loss of nutrients, but also causes the problem of unqualified wastewater discharge, imposing a heavy burden on environmental protection. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the existing treatment methods for table leftovers, such as high energy consumption, waste of nutrients or wastewater pollution, etc., this application provides a method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers and its preparation method.
[0005] In the first aspect, this application provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers, adopting the following technical solutions: A preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers, comprising the following steps: Sorting and impurity removal: Filtering, slightly crushing, sorting, grinding, and sand removal of table leftovers to obtain table leftover slurry; Pulp making and oil scraping: Passing saturated steam into the table leftover slurry, heating and raising the temperature to break the emulsion; then using a rotating scraper to separate and remove the grease to obtain a water-solid mixture; Sterilization and enzymatic hydrolysis: Adding high-temperature amylase and fermentation auxiliary materials to the water-solid mixture; then quickly raising the temperature to 80 - 90 °C and enzymatically hydrolyzing for 20 - 30 minutes; then raising the temperature to 100 - 105 °C and maintaining for 30 minutes - 60 minutes to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed liquid; Fermentation: Lower the temperature of the liquid material to below 35°C, then add the enzyme and bacteria complex preparation, and ferment at the above temperature for 18 - 36 h; then raise the temperature to 70 - 75°C and maintain for 1 - 1.5 h to obtain the fermentation broth of table leftovers; Mixing: Add other feed raw materials to the cooled fermentation broth of table leftovers and mix evenly to obtain liquid feed.
[0006] The present application provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers, which effectively solves multiple problems existing in the traditional resource treatment process of table leftovers, such as high energy consumption, waste of nutrients or wastewater pollution, and realizes the full utilization of table leftovers. Specifically: First, by pulping and extracting oil from all materials, the present application improves the oil extraction rate, reduces the residual oil content in the materials, reduces the risk of feed oxidation, and at the same time ensures that nutrients dissolved in water, such as starch components, do not flow out, realizing the thoroughness of resource utilization. Second, by pre-digesting the fermentation auxiliary materials with high-temperature amylase, carbohydrates such as starch and dextrin in the fermentation auxiliary materials are decomposed into fermentable sugars, which not only improves the digestibility of the fermentation auxiliary materials, but also creates a stable and suitable environment for subsequent anaerobic fermentation, ensuring the smooth progress of the fermentation process. Then, by adopting the enzyme and bacteria complex preparation for anaerobic fermentation, the energy consumption demand is greatly reduced, and only stirring operation is required without additional heating and oxygen supply, greatly reducing the cost of the production process. Finally, by mixing with other feed raw materials, a complete liquid feed is formed. In summary, the preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers provided by the present application has low energy consumption, less sewage generation and discharge, high fermentation efficiency, and the obtained liquid feed is rich in small molecule nutrients such as reducing sugars, dextrin, lactic acid and peptides that are easy for animals to absorb, as well as sugars and acids that can improve palatability, and is more suitable for animal use than the traditional solid feed obtained by direct drying.
[0007] In the pulping and oil scraping stage of the present application, by heating the slurry, on the one hand, the growth of microorganisms in the slurry can be inhibited, and on the other hand, the viscosity of the liquid material can be reduced and the fluidity can be increased, which is beneficial to the separation of oil.
[0008] Optionally, the addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.06 - 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the enzyme activity of the high-temperature amylase is 2 - 150,000 U / mL.
[0009] In some embodiments, the addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.06 - 0.12‰, 0.06 - 0.2‰, 0.06 - 0.4‰, 0.06 - 0.6‰, 0.12 - 0.2‰, 0.12 - 0.4‰, 0.12 - 0.6‰, 0.2 - 0.4‰, 0.2 - 0.6‰ or 0.4 - 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0010] In a specific embodiment, the addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.06‰, 0.12‰, 0.2‰, 0.4‰ or 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0011] Optionally, the fermentation auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, rice bran, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and soybean meal, and the addition amount of the fermentation auxiliary materials accounts for 24-38% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture.
[0012] Optionally, the fermentation auxiliary materials are corn and soybean meal, the addition amount of corn accounts for 25-35% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture, and the addition amount of soybean meal accounts for 2-4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture.
[0013] Optionally, the bacterial enzyme complex preparation includes lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase, and the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation is 0.6-1.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0014] In some embodiments, the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation is 0.6-1‰ or 1-1.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0015] In a specific embodiment, the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation is 0.6‰, 1‰ or 1.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0016] Optionally, the weight ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase is 1:(0.2-1):(1-2):(0.2-0.8).
[0017] In this application, by adjusting the proportions of lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase and further controlling them within the above ranges, the synergistic effects of various microorganisms and enzyme preparations can be fully exerted during the fermentation process, and high-efficiency conversion can be achieved through metabolic complementarity and environmental regulation. This not only helps the lactic acid bacteria to rapidly proliferate to form a dominant flora, significantly reduces the pH value of the fermentation broth, and inhibits the growth of harmful miscellaneous bacteria, but also can regulate the efficient metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to avoid excessive consumption of sugars to produce ethanol, further improving the fermentation efficiency and quality. At the same time, acid protease can accelerate the decomposition of proteins to produce small peptides and amino acids under suitable conditions, enhancing the nutritional value of the feed and improving the taste; phytase can effectively degrade phytic acid, reduce the influence of anti-nutritional factors, and promote mineral absorption. Under the combined action, the liquid feed prepared by anaerobic fermentation using the bacterial enzyme complex preparation with the above ratio in this application is rich in various active substances, has higher digestibility and palatability, can provide strong guarantee for the healthy growth of animals, reduces the production cost at the same time, and realizes the maximization of resource utilization and the environmental protection purpose.
[0018] In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase may also be 1:0.4:1:0.4, 1:0.2:1:0.2, 1:1:1:0.8 or 1:0.2:2:0.2.
[0019] Optionally, the other feed ingredients include stone powder, amino acids, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, choline chloride, multi-vitamins and minerals.
[0020] Optionally, the addition amount of the stone powder accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the amino acids accounts for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the choline chloride accounts for 0.02-0.04% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the addition amount of the multi-vitamins and minerals accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials In a second aspect, the present application provides a liquid feed obtained by a preparation method for preparing a liquid feed from table leftovers.
[0021] Optionally, the indexes of the liquid feed meet the following: moisture 60-70%, crude protein 5-8%, acid-soluble protein 0.6-1.2%, reducing sugar 5-8%, pH 3.65-4.0, calcium 0.2-0.4%, water-soluble chloride 0.2-1%.
[0022] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present application provides a preparation method for preparing a liquid feed from table leftovers. This preparation method effectively utilizes the table leftover food resources, fully utilizes the nutrients such as protein, fat, and carbohydrates in the table leftovers, and thus converts them into liquid feed that can be used by animals. On the one hand, it realizes the recycling of resources, and on the other hand, it also reduces the waste water discharge and alleviates the environmental protection pressure.
[0023] 2. The liquid feed obtained by the preparation method provided by the present application contains rich small molecule nutrients such as reducing sugar, dextrin, lactic acid and peptides, which are more easily absorbed by the animal body. Moreover, the sugars and acids contained can well improve the palatability of the liquid feed, and it is more suitable for animals to use than the feed products by the direct drying process. In addition, the liquid feed obtained by the present application is a complete feed, which can be directly mixed with the conventional complete feed at the breeding factory for feeding, without having to consider the balance of the nutritional ratio additionally. Compared with the process of making dry feed or microbial protein from table leftovers, it is easier to operate and does not require technicians to formulate, and is more convenient to use.
[0024] 3. The present application further controls the addition amount of the thermophilic amylase within the range of 0.06 - 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the obtained liquid feed has higher nutritional components, better palatability, and can enable animals to have a higher digestion and absorption rate of the feed.
[0025] 4. The present application further controls the weight ratio of lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, and phytase in the enzyme-bacteria complex preparation within the range of 1:(0.2 - 1):(1 - 2):(0.2 - 0.8), and the obtained liquid feed has higher nutritional components, better palatability, and can enable animals to have a higher digestion and absorption rate of the feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0027] The present application provides a method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers, including the following steps: (1) Sorting and impurity removal: The qualified table leftovers are sequentially filtered, gently crushed, and sorted; then a flexible grinding device is used to grind the solid materials into a slurry state, and hard fragments with a diameter greater than 3 mm are screened out; then the leachate is re-incorporated into the ground materials to form a slurry, and then sand removal is carried out to gradually reduce the amount of materials and impurities such as shells and bones that are not easily decomposed, and table leftover food slurry is obtained; (2) Pulp making and oil scraping: Saturated steam is introduced into the table leftover food slurry for heating to break the emulsion; then the high-speed scraper rotates to carry the oil and separate the oil, and the remaining water-solid mixture is transported to the fermentation tank; (3) Sterilization and enzymatic hydrolysis: High-temperature amylase is added to the water-solid mixture (with a water content of 80 - 90%), and then fermentation auxiliary materials are added; then the temperature is quickly raised to 80 - 90 °C for enzymatic hydrolysis for 20 - 30 min; then the temperature is raised to 100 - 105 °C and maintained for 30 min - 60 min to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed liquid; Among them, the addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.06 - 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials; the fermentation auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, rice bran, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and soybean meal; the addition amount of the fermentation auxiliary materials accounts for 24 - 38% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture; further, the fermentation auxiliary materials are corn and soybean meal, the addition amount of corn accounts for 23 - 35% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture, and the addition amount of soybean meal accounts for 2 - 4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture; (4) Fermentation: The temperature of the fermentation tank is lowered to below 35 °C, then an enzyme-bacteria complex preparation is added, and fermentation is carried out at the above temperature for 18 - 36 h; then the temperature is raised to 70 - 75 °C and maintained for 1 - 1.5 h to obtain table leftover food fermentation broth; Among them, the bacterial enzyme complex preparation includes lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase; the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation is 0.6-1.6‰ of the total dry weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials; the weight ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase is 1:(0.2-1):(1-2):(0.2-0.8); (5) Mixing materials: Add stone powder, amino acids, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, choline chloride, and multi-vitamins and minerals to the cooled fermentation broth of table leftovers, and mix evenly to obtain liquid feed; Among them, the addition amount of the stone powder accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the amino acids accounts for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the choline chloride accounts for 0.02-0.04% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the addition amount of the multi-vitamins and minerals accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0028] In the examples of the present application, the enzyme activity of the high-temperature amylase is 150,000 U / mL; the number of bacteria of the lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ≥ 1×10 10 cfu / g, the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 100,000 U / g, and the enzyme activity of the phytase is 10,000 U / g; the particle sizes of the corn and soybean meal are both 20 mesh; the amino acids are lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan; each kilogram of the multi-vitamins and minerals contains 0.2 g of copper, 2.7 g of iron, 1.8 g of zinc, 2.15 g of manganese, 95 KIU of vitamin A, vitamin D 3 35 KIU, 600 IU of vitamin E, vitamin K 3 90 mg, vitamin B 1 27 mg, vitamin B 2 100 mg, vitamin B 6 30 mg, and the balance is starch; the raw materials, reagents, solvents, etc. used in the present application can all be obtained through commercial purchase.
[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, performance detection tests and the description of the drawings.
[0030] Example 1 Example 1 provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers, including the following steps: (1) Sorting and impurity removal: The qualified table leftover food is filtered, gently crushed, and sorted in sequence; then, using a flexible grinding device, the solid materials are ground into a slurry, and hard fragments with a diameter greater than 3 mm are screened out; then the leachate is re-incorporated into the ground materials to form a slurry, and then sand removal is carried out to gradually reduce the quantity and remove materials and sundries that are not easily decomposed, such as shells and bones, to obtain table leftover food slurry; (2) Pulping and oil scraping: Saturated steam is introduced into the table leftover food slurry for heating to raise the temperature and break the emulsion; then, the high-speed scraper rotates to carry the oil and separate the oil, and the remaining water-solid mixture is transported to the fermentation tank; (3) Sterilization and enzymatic hydrolysis: High-temperature amylase is added to the water-solid mixture (with a water content of 85%), and then corn and soybean meal are added; then the temperature is quickly raised to 85 °C for enzymatic hydrolysis for 30 min; then the temperature is raised to 100 °C and maintained for 30 min to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed liquid; Among them, the addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.2‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials; the addition amount of the corn accounts for 33% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture, and the addition amount of the soybean meal accounts for 3% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture; (4) Fermentation: The temperature of the fermentation tank is lowered to 30 °C, then a bacterial enzyme complex preparation is added, and fermentation is carried out at the above temperature for 24 h; then the temperature is raised to 70 °C and maintained for 1 h to obtain table leftover food fermentation broth; Among them, the bacterial enzyme complex preparation includes lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease, and phytase with a weight ratio of 1:0.4:1:0.4; the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation is 0.6‰ of the dry weight of the water-solid mixture and the total weight of the fermentation auxiliary materials; (5) Mixing: Stone powder, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, choline chloride, and multi-vitamins and minerals are added to the cooled table leftover food fermentation broth and mixed evenly to obtain liquid feed; Among them, the addition amount of the stone powder accounts for 0.33% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the lysine accounts for 0.37% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the methionine accounts for 0.05% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the threonine accounts for 0.05% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the tryptophan accounts for 0.04% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate accounts for 0.37% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, the addition amount of the choline chloride accounts for 0.02% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the addition amount of the multi-vitamins and minerals accounts for 0.82% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
[0031] Examples 2 - 5 Examples 2 - 5 respectively provide a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftover food.
[0032] The differences between the above embodiments and Embodiment 1 are as follows: (3) In the sterilization and enzymatic hydrolysis step, the addition amount of thermostable amylase is shown in Table 1 below.
[0033] Table 1 Addition amounts of thermostable amylase in Embodiments 1-5 Example Dosage of high-temperature amylase 1 0.2‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials 2 0.06‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials 3 0.12‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials 4 0.4‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials 5 0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials Embodiments 6-12 Embodiments 6-12 respectively provide a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers.
[0034] The differences between the above embodiments and Embodiment 1 are as follows: the type and addition amount of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation are shown in Table 2 below.
[0035] Table 2 Types and addition amounts of the bacterial enzyme complex preparation in Embodiment 1 and Embodiments 6-12 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers.
[0036] The differences between the above comparative example and Embodiment 1 are as follows: Step (3) is as follows: (3) Sterilization and enzymatic hydrolysis: Add thermostable amylase to the water-solid mixture (with a water content of 85%), then add corn and soybean meal; then quickly raise the temperature to 100°C and keep it for 60 minutes to obtain the enzymatically hydrolyzed liquid feed.
[0037] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers.
[0038] The differences between the above comparative example and Embodiment 1 are as follows: Steps (3)-(4) are replaced with the following Step (3): (3) Fermentation: Add thermostable amylase to the water-solid mixture (with a water content of 85%), then add corn and soybean meal; adjust the temperature of the fermentation tank to 30°C, then add the bacterial enzyme complex preparation, and ferment at the above temperature for 24 hours; then raise the temperature to 70°C and keep it for 1 hour to obtain the fermentation liquid of table leftovers.
[0039] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 provides a preparation method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers.
[0040] The differences between the above comparative example and Embodiment 1 are as follows: Step (4) is as follows: (4) Fermentation: Lower the temperature of the fermentation tank to 40°C, then add the enzyme-bacteria complex preparation, and ferment at the above temperature for 24 h; then raise the temperature to 70°C and maintain for 1 h to obtain the fermentation broth of table leftovers.
[0041] Performance detection test The nutritional indexes of the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were detected, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
[0042] The moisture content in the liquid feed was detected according to GB / T 6435-2014; the crude protein content was detected according to GB / T 6432-2018; the acid-soluble protein content was detected according to NY / T 3801-2020; the reducing sugar content was detected according to GB 5009.7-2016; the pH content was detected by weighing 25.0 g of the sample and adding 225 mL of carbon dioxide-free distilled water, and the others were carried out according to GB / T 10468-1989; the calcium content was detected according to GB / T 13885-2017; the water-soluble chloride content was detected according to GB / T 6439-2023.
[0043] Table 3 Detection results of the nutritional indexes of the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 According to the test results in Table 3, in Example 1-12 of the present application, the liquid feed is prepared by adopting the steps of sorting and impurity removal, pulping and oil scraping, sterilization and enzymolysis, fermentation and mixing, and the processes and temperatures of the sterilization and enzymolysis steps and the fermentation step are adjusted, so as to obtain a liquid feed with a moisture content of 61.45-64.08%, a crude protein content of 6.25-7.25%, an acid-soluble protein content of 0.88-1.17%, a reducing sugar content of 5.12-7.52%, a pH value of 3.66-3.97, a calcium content of 0.33-0.38%, and a water-soluble chloride content of 0.27-0.72%; in the sterilization step of Comparative Example 1, the pre-enzymolysis process is not carried out, and the acid-soluble protein content of the obtained liquid feed is only 0.67% and the reducing sugar content is only 4.22%; in Comparative Example 2, fermentation is directly carried out without sterilization and enzymolysis, and the crude protein content of the obtained liquid feed is only 4.84%, the acid-soluble protein content is only 0.59%, and the reducing sugar content is only 3.65%; when the temperature in the fermentation step of Comparative Example 3 is controlled at 40°C, the acid-soluble protein content of the obtained liquid feed is only 0.53% and the reducing sugar content is only 4.10%. Therefore, it shows that by adopting the steps of sorting and impurity removal, pulping and oil scraping, sterilization and enzymolysis, fermentation and mixing to prepare the liquid feed, and adjusting the processes and temperatures of the sterilization and enzymolysis steps and the fermentation step to specific conditions, the present application can fully convert the table leftovers into small molecule nutrients and obtain a liquid feed rich in nutrients and with high nutrient content.
[0044] Feeding test The feeding effects of the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were investigated through feeding tests. The specific process is as follows: (1) 96 outer three-way growing pigs were selected as test pigs, with a body weight of about 50 kg. They were randomly divided into 16 groups according to the principle of similar body weight and half male and half female for the test (Test Groups 1-12, Control Groups 1-4), with 6 pigs in each group (the difference in initial body weight between groups was not significant). The test pig house had good ventilation and constant temperature, and artificial feeding and free water intake were adopted.
[0045] (2) The diet formula of Control Group 4 was 76% corn, 17% soybean meal, 3% wheat middlings, and 4% conventional pig premix; in Test Groups 1-12, the liquid feeds prepared in Examples 1-12 were mixed with the diet formula of Control Group 4 at a ratio of 1:2 and fed; in Control Groups 1-3, the liquid feeds prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 were mixed with the diet formula of Control Group 4 at a ratio of 1:2 and fed; the test period was 80 days, and the average daily gain was calculated based on the initial body weight and final body weight of the pigs; and the feed-to-gain ratio of each group of test pigs was calculated in combination with the average daily feed intake (calculated based on 88% dry matter), and the results are shown in Table 4.
[0046] Feed-to-gain ratio = average daily feed intake of each group / average daily gain of each group × 100% Table 4 Detection Results of Feeding Tests of Liquid Feeds Obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 According to the detection results in Table 4, the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1-12 in Test Groups 1-12 was 2.57-2.69, while the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Comparative Examples 1-3 in Control Groups 1-3 was as high as 2.75-2.81; the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with pure common diet in Control Group 4 was as high as 2.84. Therefore, it shows that the liquid feed provided by this application can improve the digestion and absorption rate of animals for the feed and significantly improve their growth performance.
[0047] Further, from the detection results of Test Groups 1-5, the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1, 3-4 was 2.58-2.63 (≤2.65); the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 2, 5 was 2.67-2.69. It shows that this application further controls the addition amount of high-temperature amylase within the range of 0.12-0.4‰ of the total dry weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the obtained liquid feed has higher nutritional components and better palatability, and can make the digestion and absorption rate of animals for the feed higher.
[0048] Further, by comparing the detection results of Test Group 1 and Test Groups 8-12, the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 1, 8-10 was 2.57-2.59 (≤2.60); the feed conversion ratio of pigs after being fed with the liquid feeds obtained in Examples 11, 12 was 2.65-2.68. It shows that this application further controls the weight ratio of lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acid protease and phytase in the enzyme-bacteria complex preparation within the range of 1:(0.2-1):(1-2):(0.2-0.8), and the obtained liquid feed has higher nutritional components and better palatability, and can make the digestion and absorption rate of animals for the feed higher.
[0049] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, based on the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing liquid feed from table waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Sorting and removing impurities: filtering, lightly crushing, sorting, grinding, and removing sand from table leftovers to obtain table leftover food slurry; Slurrying and scraping oil: Saturated steam is introduced into the slurry of leftover food on the table to heat and demulsify; then a rotating scraper is used to separate and remove the oil to obtain a water-solid mixture; Sterilization enzymolysis: Add high-temperature amylase and fermentation auxiliary materials to the water-solid mixture; then quickly heat it to 80-90°C and perform enzymolysis for 20-30 minutes; then heat it to 100-105°C and maintain it for 30 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain the enzymolyzed liquid; Fermentation: Lower the temperature of the liquid to below 35°C, then add the bacterial enzyme compound preparation, and ferment at the above temperature for 18-36 hours; then raise the temperature to 70-75°C and maintain for 1-1.5 hours to obtain the fermentation liquid of table leftovers; Mixing: Add other feed ingredients to the cooled fermented liquid of table waste, mix well, and obtain liquid feed.
2. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The addition amount of the high-temperature amylase is 0.06-0.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials, and the enzyme activity of the high-temperature amylase is 20,000-150,000 U / mL.
3. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation auxiliary material is selected from one or more of corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, rice bran, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and soybean meal, and the added amount of the fermentation auxiliary material accounts for 24-38% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture.
4. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermentation auxiliary materials are corn and soybean meal, the added amount of corn accounts for 23-35% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture, and the added amount of soybean meal accounts for 2-4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture.
5. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial enzyme composite preparation comprises lactic acid bacteria, brewer's yeast, acid protease and phytase, and the addition amount of the bacterial enzyme composite preparation is 0.6-1.6‰ of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and the fermentation auxiliary materials.
6. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, brewer's yeast, acid protease and phytase is 1:(0.2-1):(1-2):(0.2-0.8).
7. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other feed raw materials include stone powder, amino acids, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, choline chloride, and multivitamin.
8. The method for preparing liquid feed from table leftovers according to claim 7, characterized in that: The amount of the stone powder added accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials, the amount of the amino acid added accounts for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials, the amount of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate added accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials, the amount of choline chloride added accounts for 0.02-0.04% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials, and the amount of multidimensional multi-mineral added accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total weight of the water-solid mixture and fermentation auxiliary materials.
9. Liquid feed obtained by the method for preparing liquid feed from table waste according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The liquid feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: The liquid feed has the following indicators: water content 60-70%, crude protein 5-8%, acid-soluble protein 0.6-1.2%, reducing sugar 5-8%, pH 3.65-4.0, calcium 0.2-0.4%, and water-soluble chloride 0.2-1%.