Guiding device for bone joint minimally invasive surgery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bone joint minimally invasive surgery instruments, and discloses a guide device for bone joint minimally invasive surgery, which comprises an osteotomy guide plate, the osteotomy guide plate comprises an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate and a connecting plate, the lower side of the upper guide plate is slidably connected with the lower guide plate, and the connecting plate is inserted into one side of the lower guide plate; the lower guide plate comprises a fixed guide plate and a third insertion block, and the side, away from the connecting plate, of the fixed guide plate is connected with the third insertion block; the upper guide plate comprises an adjustable guide plate, a first straight bone nail hole, a first inclined bone nail hole and a guide supporting plate, and a sliding groove corresponding to the adjustable guide plate is formed in the fixed guide plate. According to the thighbone far-end osteotomy guide plate, through the cooperation effect of the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate, the connecting plate and the adjusting mechanism, the thighbone far-end osteotomy guide plate can be designed to be small in size, the small-size thighbone far-end osteotomy guide plate is arranged in a human body, an incision of an operation can be narrowed, the operation is more minimally invasive, and the recovery time of the operation of a patient is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of minimally invasive orthopedic surgery instruments, and particularly to a guiding device for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery. Background Technique

[0002] The distal femoral osteotomy guide is a surgical tool used for precise osteotomy of the distal femur during knee replacement surgery. During the surgery, the doctor accurately places and fixes the guide on the distal femur of the patient. Usually, X-ray fluoroscopy is used to ensure that the position and angle of the guide are accurate and error-free, and to ensure that it does not move or shift during the osteotomy process. The doctor uses an electric bone saw or a manual bone saw and other osteotomy tools to perform osteotomy along the preset guide grooves, holes or tracks of the guide, so that the direction, depth and scope of the osteotomy are strictly carried out according to the preoperative plan to achieve precise osteotomy.

[0003] For most distal femoral osteotomy guides on the market, during minimally invasive knee replacement surgery, generally, the surgical incision is usually about 10 cm to 15 cm. Then, it is positioned with the femur through the intramedullary rod, and the distal femoral osteotomy guide is docked with the positioning tower. First, the positioning tower is positioned with the femur end through bone nails, and then the distal femoral osteotomy guide is docked with the femur to determine the osteotomy amount and is fixed and positioned through bone nails; However, most of the existing distal femoral osteotomy guides are of standard fixed sizes. In order to meet most osteotomy situations, the sizes of the existing distal femoral osteotomy guides are basically set to large sizes, which leads to a larger surgical incision and a longer recovery time for the subsequent patients. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a guiding device for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery to solve the problems raised in the background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A guiding device for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, including an osteotomy guiding plate, the osteotomy guiding plate includes an upper guiding plate, a lower guiding plate, and a connecting plate. The lower side of the upper guiding plate is slidably connected to the lower guiding plate, and one side of the lower guiding plate is inserted with the connecting plate; The lower guiding plate includes a fixed guiding plate and a third plugging block. The side of the fixed guiding plate away from the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the third plugging block; The upper guide plate includes an adjustable guide plate, a first straight bone screw hole, an inclined bone screw hole, and a guide support plate. A chute corresponding to the adjustable guide plate is formed on the fixed guide plate. The adjustable guide plate slides on the fixed guide plate. Two groups of adjustable guide plates are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixed guide plate. The adjustable guide plate is provided with a first straight bone screw hole and an inclined bone screw hole. A plurality of first straight bone screw holes are formed. A guide support plate is fixedly connected to one adjustable guide plate. A slot corresponding to the guide support plate is formed on the other guide support plate. An osteotomy guide groove is formed on the adjustable guide plate. An adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected to the fixed guide plate. The adjusting mechanism can be used to adjust the sliding distance of the adjustable guide plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the connecting plate includes a connecting support plate, a first plug-in block, and a second plug-in block. The second plug-in block is inserted into an externally placed distal osteotomy guide tower and locked by a locking mechanism. The second plug-in block is inserted into one side of the fixed guide plate opposite to the third plug-in block. A connecting support plate is fixedly connected to the side of the second plug-in block away from the fixed guide plate. A second plug-in block is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting support plate away from the first plug-in block.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjusting mechanism includes a fixing plate, a cross screw head, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a threaded rod, a moving block, and a connecting bracket. The fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of the middle of the fixed guide plate. The cross screw head is rotatably connected to the center of the fixing plate. The second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the lower side of the cross screw head. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are engaged with the lower side of the second bevel gear. The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixing plate. Threaded rods are fixedly connected to the ends of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear away from the cross screw head. The threads of the two threaded rods are opposite. A connecting bracket is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod. The outer side of the connecting bracket is rotatably connected to the moving block. The moving block is fixedly connected to the corresponding adjustable guide plate.

[0008] By using an externally placed medical electric screwdriver or a manual screwdriver to rotate the cross screw head, the cross screw head drives the first bevel gear fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The first bevel gear drives the two second bevel gears on both sides to rotate through meshing, so that the second bevel gear drives the threaded rod fixedly connected thereto to rotate synchronously. Since the threads on the two threaded rods are opposite, the threaded rod drives the connecting brackets on both sides to move towards each other and away from each other while rotating. Then, the connecting brackets drive the two adjustable guide plates on both sides to slide outwards along the fixed guide plate through the moving blocks, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide and increasing the length of the osteotomy guide groove. When the appropriate width is reached; Further, a clamping regulator is inserted at one end of the third plug block away from the fixed guide plate. The clamping regulator includes a plugging box, an adjusting straight plate, a slider, a locking screw, and a connecting rod. A plugging box is inserted on one side of the third plug block away from the fixed guide plate. An adjusting straight plate is fixedly connected to the side of the plugging box away from the third plug block. A slider is slidably connected to the inner side of the adjusting straight plate. A chute corresponding to the slider is opened on the inner side of the adjusting straight plate. Two groups of connecting rods are rotatably connected to the side of the slider away from the adjusting straight plate. A fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the lower side of the adjusting straight plate. A locking screw is threadedly connected to the inner side of the slider.

[0009] The clamping regulator is inserted through the third plug block, and the clamping regulator is locked through the locking mechanism on the plugging box. The clamping mechanism is docked with the femur, and then the locking screw is manually pushed upward along the adjusting straight plate, so that the locking screw drives the slider to move upward synchronously. The slider drives the connecting rod to rotate, and then the connecting rod drives the clamping mechanism to rotate, thereby clamping and fixing the femur. After fixing, by rotating the locking screw, the locking screw locks the fixed state. Further, a clamping mechanism is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod.

[0010] Further, the clamping mechanism includes a gripper. The gripper includes a clamping plate, a connecting head, and a shape memory alloy plate. A clamping plate is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod. A connecting head is fixedly connected to one end of the clamping plate away from the fixed shaft. A shape memory alloy plate is fixedly connected to the lower side of the connecting head.

[0011] When the clamping mechanism adopts a gripper, while the connecting rod rotates, it drives the clamping plate to rotate, so that the clamping plate drives the shape memory alloy plate to rotate through the connecting head. Since the shape memory alloy plate is made of shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy plate bends while rotating to fit the femur until it is clamped and fixed, and then it is locked by the locking screw, thus realizing the replacement of the traditional fixed positioning method of driving bone nails, reducing the degree of injury and shortening the postoperative recovery time.

[0012] Further, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping pliers. A clamping pliers is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod. A hook is arranged at one end of the clamping pliers away from the fixed shaft.

[0013] When the clamping mechanism adopts a clamping pliers, the femur is clamped and fixed through the hook arranged on the clamping pliers. Further, locking mechanisms are fixedly installed on both the fixed guide plate and the plug-in box. The locking mechanism includes a protective shell, an inner plate, a clamping switch, and a spring. Protective shells are fixedly connected to both the fixed guide plate and the plug-in box. An inner plate is arranged inside the protective shell. A spring is inserted between the protective shell and the inner plate. A clamping groove is formed in the middle of the inner plate, and a clamping switch is slidably connected in the clamping groove.

[0014] After the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide is adjusted, drive the straight bone nail and the oblique bone nail into the femur through the first straight bone nail hole and the oblique bone nail hole to fix the adjustable guide plate. Then separate the external distal osteotomy guide tower from the femoral distal osteotomy guide. By pushing the clamping switch at the fixed guide plate, the clamping switch is separated from the first plug-in block, and then the connecting plate is separated from the fixed guide plate. Then perform osteotomy in the osteotomy guide groove with an external osteotome. Further, grooves corresponding to the clamping switch are formed on the first plug-in block and the third plug-in block, and movable grooves corresponding to the clamping switch are formed on the fixed guide plate and the plug-in box.

[0015] Further, a second straight bone nail hole is formed on the fixed guide plate, and a slot corresponding to the first straight bone nail hole and the oblique bone nail hole is formed on the fixed guide plate.

[0016] The straight bone nail is driven into the femur through the second straight bone nail hole, so that the fixed guide plate is fixed to the femur. Since the size of the femoral distal osteotomy guide is small, the surgical incision can be reduced.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a guiding device for minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery, having the following beneficial effects: 1. The guiding device for minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery realizes that the femoral distal osteotomy guide plate can be designed with a smaller size through the cooperation among the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate, the connecting plate, and the adjusting mechanism. It can freely and conveniently adjust the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide plate according to the actual situation, so as to meet different size requirements. At the same time, adopting a smaller size for implantation into the body can reduce the surgical incision, change the existing surgical method with a larger incision, make the surgery more minimally invasive, and shorten the recovery time of the patient after surgery.

[0018] 2. The guiding device for minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery realizes the purpose of positioning and fixing the femoral distal osteotomy guide plate without driving bone nails through the cooperation among the clamping regulator, the gripper, and the clamping pliers. It can replace the traditional method of driving bone nails for fixing and positioning, and adopt a clamping fixation method. At the same time, two clamping fixation methods are designed, so that it can be applicable to various situations, reduce the degree of injury, and further shorten the postoperative recovery time. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the state of the upper guide plate of the present invention after movement; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention from another angle; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention from another angle; Figure 6 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the osteotomy guide plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the osteotomy guide plate of the present invention from another angle; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the initial state of the upper guide plate of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the gripper of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the clamping pliers of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in Figure 13 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the present invention from another angle; Figure 14 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a disassembled three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the adjusting mechanism of the present invention from another angle.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Osteotomy guide plate; 11. Upper guide plate; 111. Adjustable guide plate; 112. First straight bone nail hole; 113. Oblique bone nail hole; 114. Guide support plate; 12. Lower guide plate; 121. Fixed guide plate; 122. Third insertion block; 13. Connecting plate; 131. Connecting support plate; 132. First insertion block; 133. Second insertion block; 2. Adjusting mechanism; 21. Fixed plate; 22. Cross screw head; 23. First bevel gear; 24. Second bevel gear; 25. Threaded rod; 26. Moving block; 27. Connecting bracket; 3. Clamping regulator; 31. Insertion box; 32. Adjusting straight plate; 33. Slide block; 34. Locking screw; 35. Connecting rod; 4. Locking mechanism; 41. Protective shell; 42. Inner plate; 43. Clamping switch; 44. Spring; 5. Clamp; 51. Clamping plate; 52. Connecting head; 53. Shape memory alloy plate; 6. Clamping forceps. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figures 4 - 9 , Figures 11 - 15 , a guiding device for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, including an osteotomy guide plate 1, the osteotomy guide plate 1 includes an upper guide plate 11, a lower guide plate 12, and a connecting plate 13. The lower side of the upper guide plate 11 is slidably connected to the lower guide plate 12, and one side of the lower guide plate 12 is inserted with the connecting plate 13; The lower guide plate 12 includes a fixed guide plate 121 and a third insertion block 122. A third insertion block 122 is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed guide plate 121 away from the connecting plate 13; The upper guide plate 11 includes an adjustable guide plate 111, a first straight bone nail hole 112, an oblique bone nail hole 113, and a guide support plate 114. A sliding groove corresponding to the adjustable guide plate 111 is opened on the fixed guide plate 121. The adjustable guide plate 111 slides on the fixed guide plate 121. Two groups of adjustable guide plates 111 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixed guide plate 121. The adjustable guide plate 111 is provided with a first straight bone nail hole 112 and an oblique bone nail hole 113. A plurality of first straight bone nail holes 112 are opened. A guide support plate 114 is fixedly connected to one adjustable guide plate 111, and a slot corresponding to the guide support plate 114 is opened on the other guide support plate 114. An osteotomy guide groove is opened on the adjustable guide plate 111. An adjusting mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to the fixed guide plate 121. The adjusting mechanism 2 can be used to adjust the sliding distance of the adjustable guide plate 111.

[0023] Further, the connecting plate 13 includes a connecting support plate 131, a first plug-in block 132, and a second plug-in block 133. The second plug-in block 133 is inserted into an externally placed distal osteotomy guiding tower and locked by a locking mechanism 4. A second plug-in block 133 is inserted on one side of the fixed guiding plate 121 relative to the third plug-in block 122. A connecting support plate 131 is fixedly connected to the side of the second plug-in block 133 away from the fixed guiding plate 121, and a second plug-in block 133 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting support plate 131 away from the first plug-in block 132.

[0024] Further, the adjusting mechanism 2 includes a fixing plate 21, a cross screw head 22, a first bevel gear 23, a second bevel gear 24, a threaded rod 25, a moving block 26, and a connecting bracket 27. A fixing plate 21 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the middle of the fixed guiding plate 121. A cross screw head 22 is rotatably connected to the center of the fixing plate 21. A second bevel gear 24 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the cross screw head 22. A first bevel gear 23 and a second bevel gear 24 are engaged with the lower side of the second bevel gear 24. The first bevel gear 23 and the second bevel gear 24 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixing plate 21. Threaded rods 25 are fixedly connected to the ends of the first bevel gear 23 and the second bevel gear 24 away from the cross screw head 22. The threads of the two threaded rods 25 are opposite. A connecting bracket 27 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the threaded rod 25. A moving block 26 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the connecting bracket 27. The moving block 26 is fixedly connected to the corresponding adjustable guiding plate 111.

[0025] By using an externally placed medical electric screwdriver or a manual screwdriver to rotate the cross screw head 22, the cross screw head 22 drives the first bevel gear 23 fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The first bevel gear 23 drives the two second bevel gears 24 on both sides to rotate through meshing, so that the second bevel gear 24 drives the threaded rod 25 fixedly connected thereto to rotate synchronously. Since the threads on the two threaded rods 25 are opposite, the threaded rods 25 drive the two connecting brackets 27 to move towards each other and away from each other while rotating. Then, the connecting brackets 27 drive the two adjustable guiding plates 111 on both sides to slide outwards along the fixed guiding plate 121 through the moving blocks 26, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide and increasing the length of the osteotomy guiding groove. When the appropriate width is reached; Further, a clamping regulator 3 is inserted at one end of the third plug-in block 122 away from the fixed guide plate 121. The clamping regulator 3 includes a plug-in box 31, an adjusting straight plate 32, a slider 33, a locking screw 34, and a connecting rod 35. A plug-in box 31 is inserted on one side of the third plug-in block 122 away from the fixed guide plate 121. One side of the plug-in box 31 away from the third plug-in block 122 is fixedly connected with an adjusting straight plate 32. A slider 33 is slidably connected to the inner side of the adjusting straight plate 32. A chute corresponding to the slider 33 is opened on the inner side of the adjusting straight plate 32. Two groups of connecting rods 35 are rotatably connected to one side of the slider 33 away from the adjusting straight plate 32. A fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the lower side of the adjusting straight plate 32. A locking screw 34 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the slider 33.

[0026] The clamping regulator 3 is inserted through the third plug-in block 122, and the clamping regulator 3 is locked by the locking mechanism 4 on the plug-in box 31. By docking the clamping mechanism with the femur, and then manually pushing the locking screw 34 to move upward along the adjusting straight plate 32, the locking screw 34 drives the slider 33 to move upward synchronously. The slider 33 drives the connecting rod 35 to rotate, and then the connecting rod 35 drives the clamping mechanism to rotate, thereby clamping and fixing the femur. After fixing, by rotating the locking screw 34, the locking screw 34 locks the fixed state. Further, a clamping mechanism is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod 35.

[0027] Further, the clamping mechanism includes a clamp 5. The clamp 5 includes a clamping plate 51, a connecting head 52, and a shape memory alloy plate 53. A clamping plate 51 is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod 35. One end of the clamping plate 51 away from the fixed shaft is fixedly connected with a connecting head 52. A shape memory alloy plate 53 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the connecting head 52.

[0028] When the clamping mechanism adopts the clamp 5, while the connecting rod 35 rotates, it drives the clamping plate 51 to rotate, so that the clamping plate 51 drives the shape memory alloy plate 53 to rotate through the connecting head 52. Since the shape memory alloy plate 53 is made of shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy plate 53 bends while rotating to fit the femur until it is clamped and fixed, and then it is locked by the locking screw 34, thus realizing a fixed positioning method that can replace the traditional method of driving bone nails, reducing the degree of injury and shortening the postoperative recovery time.

[0029] Further, locking mechanisms 4 are fixedly installed on both the fixed guide plate 121 and the plug-in box 31. The locking mechanism 4 includes a protective shell 41, an inner plate 42, a clamping switch 43, and a spring 44. Protective shells 41 are fixedly connected to both the fixed guide plate 121 and the plug-in box 31. An inner plate 42 is arranged inside the protective shell 41. A spring 44 is inserted between the protective shell 41 and the inner plate 42. A clamping groove is opened in the middle of the inner plate 42, and a clamping switch 43 is slidably connected in the clamping groove.

[0030] After the overall width of the distal femoral osteotomy guide is adjusted, the straight bone screw and the oblique bone screw are driven into the femur through the straight bone screw hole 112 and the oblique bone screw hole 113 to fix the adjustable guide plate 111, and then the external distal osteotomy guide tower is separated from the distal femoral osteotomy guide, and the clamping switch 43 at the fixed guide plate 121 is pushed to separate the clamping switch 43 from the plug-in block 132, and then the connecting plate 13 is separated from the fixed guide plate 121, and then the osteotomy is performed in the osteotomy guide groove by the external osteotomy knife; Furthermore, a groove corresponding to the card-connecting switch 43 is formed on the plug-in block 1 132 and the plug-in block 3 122 , and a movable groove corresponding to the card-connecting switch 43 is formed on the fixed guide plate 121 and the plug-in box 31 .

[0031] Furthermore, a second straight bone screw hole is formed on the fixed guide plate 121 , and a slot corresponding to the first straight bone screw hole 112 and the oblique bone screw hole 113 is formed on the fixed guide plate 121 .

[0032] The straight bone screw is driven into the femur through the second straight bone screw hole, so that the fixing guide plate 121 is fixed to the femur. Since the size of the distal femoral osteotomy guide is small, the surgical incision can be reduced. Example

[0033] See also Figures 2 - 3 , Figure 10 The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that: further, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping clamp 6, the clamping clamp 6 is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod 35, and a hook is provided at one end of the clamping clamp 6 away from the fixed shaft.

[0034] When the clamping mechanism adopts the clamping forceps 6, the femur is clamped and fixed by the retractor provided on the clamping forceps 6.

[0035] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows: When in use, firstly, a hole is drilled in the femoral head through an external surgical drill bit to connect with the external medullary rod, and then the external medullary rod is inserted into the hole, and the external distal osteotomy guide tower sleeved with the medullary rod is inserted into the distal femoral osteotomy guide, and then rotated to adjust its valgus angle, and the correct valgus angle is confirmed through the external alignment tool, and then the external distal osteotomy guide tower is fixedly connected to the femoral head through the bone screw; After the external distal osteotomy guide tower is fixedly connected to the femoral head, when the amount of osteotomy is confirmed, there are two ways to fix the distal femoral osteotomy guide to the femur. One of the fixing methods is that a straight bone screw is driven into the femur through the second straight bone screw hole to fix the fixed guide plate 121 to the femur. Since the size of the distal femoral osteotomy guide is small, the surgical incision can be reduced. By means of an external medical electric screwdriver or a manual screwdriver, the cross-head screw 22 is rotated. The cross-head screw 22 drives the first bevel gear 23 fixedly connected thereto to rotate. The first bevel gear 23 meshes with and drives the second bevel gears 24 on both sides to rotate, so that the second bevel gears 24 drive the threaded rods 25 fixedly connected thereto to rotate synchronously. Since the threads on the threaded rods 25 on both sides are opposite, the threaded rods 25 drive the connecting brackets 27 on both sides to move towards each other and away from each other while rotating. Then, the connecting brackets 27 drive the adjustable guide plates 111 on both sides to slide outwards along the fixed guide plate 121 through the moving blocks 26, thereby realizing the purpose of adjusting the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide, and increasing the length of the osteotomy guide groove. When the appropriate width is reached; After the overall width of the femoral distal osteotomy guide is adjusted, the straight bone nail and the oblique bone nail are driven into the femur through the first straight bone nail hole 112 and the oblique bone nail hole 113 to fix the adjustable guide plate 111. Then, the external distal osteotomy guide tower is separated from the femoral distal osteotomy guide. By pushing the clamping switch 43 at the fixed guide plate 121, the clamping switch 43 is separated from the first plug-in block 132, and then the connecting plate 13 is separated from the fixed guide plate 121. Then, osteotomy is performed in the osteotomy guide groove by means of an external osteotome; When another fixing method is required, the clamping regulator 3 is inserted and clamped through the third plug-in block 122, and the clamping regulator 3 is locked by the locking mechanism 4 on the plug-in box 31. By docking the clamping mechanism with the femur, and then manually pushing the locking screw 34 to move upwards along the adjusting straight plate 32, the locking screw 34 drives the slider 33 to move upwards synchronously. The slider 33 drives the connecting rod 35 to rotate, and then the connecting rod 35 drives the clamping mechanism to rotate, thereby clamping and fixing the femur. After fixing, by rotating the locking screw 34, the locking screw 34 locks the fixed state; When the clamping mechanism is a clamping pliers 6, the femur is clamped and fixed by means of the hook provided on the clamping pliers 6; When the clamping mechanism is a gripper 5, while the connecting rod 35 is rotating, it drives the clamping plate 51 to rotate, so that the clamping plate 51 drives the shape memory alloy plate 53 to rotate through the connecting head 52. Since the shape memory alloy plate 53 is made of shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy plate 53 bends while rotating to fit the femur until it is clamped and fixed, and then it is locked by the locking screw 34. Thus, it realizes the fixed positioning method that can replace the traditional method of driving bone nails, reduces the degree of injury, and shortens the postoperative recovery time.

[0036] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A guiding device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery, comprising an osteotomy guiding plate (1), characterized in that: The osteotomy guide plate (1) comprises an upper guide plate (11), a lower guide plate (12), and a connecting plate (13); the lower side of the upper guide plate (11) is slidably connected to the lower guide plate (12), and one side of the lower guide plate (12) is plugged with the connecting plate (13); The lower guide plate (12) comprises a fixed guide plate (121) and a plug-in block three (122); the plug-in block three (122) is fixedly connected to a side of the fixed guide plate (121) away from the connecting plate (13); The upper guide plate (11) comprises an adjustable guide plate (111), a straight bone screw hole (112), an oblique bone screw hole (113), and a guide support plate (114); a slide groove corresponding to the adjustable guide plate (111) is provided on the fixed guide plate (121); the adjustable guide plate (111) slides on the fixed guide plate (121); two groups of adjustable guide plates (111) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixed guide plate (121); the straight bone screw hole (112) is provided on the adjustable guide plate (111); 2) an oblique bone screw hole (113), the straight bone screw hole (112) is provided with a plurality of holes, one of the adjustable guide plates (111) is fixedly connected to a guide support plate (114), another of the guide support plates (114) is provided with a groove corresponding to the guide support plate (114), the adjustable guide plate (111) is provided with an osteotomy guide groove, the fixed guide plate (121) is fixedly connected to an adjustment mechanism (2), and the adjustment mechanism (2) can be used to adjust the sliding distance of the adjustable guide plate (111).

2. A guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate (13) comprises a connecting support plate (131), a plug-in block one (132), and a plug-in block two (133); the plug-in block two (133) is plugged into a side of the fixed guide plate (121) opposite to the plug-in block three (122); the side of the plug-in block two (133) away from the fixed guide plate (121) is fixedly connected to the connecting support plate (131); and the side of the connecting support plate (131) away from the plug-in block one (132) is fixedly connected to the plug-in block two (133).

3. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (2) comprises a fixing plate (21), a cross screw head (22), a bevel gear 1 (23), a bevel gear 2 (24), a threaded rod (25), a moving block (26), and a connecting bracket (27); the fixing plate (21) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the middle part of the fixing guide plate (121); the center of the fixing plate (21) is rotatably connected to the cross screw head (22); the lower side of the cross screw head (22) is fixedly connected to the bevel gear 2 (24); the lower side of the bevel gear 2 (24) is meshed with the bevel gear 1 (23) and the bevel gear 2 (24), the bevel gear 1 (23) and the bevel gear 2 (24) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fixed plate (21), and one end of the bevel gear 1 (23) and the bevel gear 2 (24) away from the cross screw head (22) are fixedly connected to a threaded rod (25), the threads of the two groups of threaded rods (25) are opposite, the outer sides of the threaded rods (25) are threadedly connected to a connecting bracket (27), the outer side of the connecting bracket (27) is rotatably connected to a moving block (26), and the moving block (26) is fixedly connected to the corresponding adjustable guide plate (111).

4. A guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the plug-in block three (122) away from the fixed guide plate (121) is plugged with a clamping regulator (3), and the clamping regulator (3) comprises a plug-in box (31), an adjustment straight plate (32), a slider (33), a locking screw (34), and a connecting rod (35). The plug-in box (31) is plugged with the side of the plug-in block three (122) away from the fixed guide plate (121), and the side of the plug-in box (31) away from the plug-in block three (122) is fixedly connected with the adjustment straight plate (32), and the inner side of the adjustment straight plate (32) is slidably connected with the slider (33), and the inner side of the adjustment straight plate (32) is provided with a sliding groove corresponding to the slider (33), and the side of the slider (33) away from the adjustment straight plate (32) is rotatably connected with two groups of connecting rods (35), and the lower side of the adjustment straight plate (32) is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft, and the inner side of the slider (33) is threadedly connected with the locking screw (34).

5. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: A clamping mechanism is rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod (35).

6. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a clamp (5), the clamp (5) comprising a clamping plate (51), a connecting head (52), and a memory alloy plate (53), the clamping plate (51) being rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod (35), the connecting head (52) being fixedly connected to one end of the clamping plate (51) away from the fixed shaft, and the memory alloy plate (53) being fixedly connected to the lower side of the connecting head (52).

7. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism comprises a clamping clamp (6), the clamping clamp (6) being rotatably connected between the fixed shaft and the connecting rod (35), and a draw hook being provided at one end of the clamping clamp (6) away from the fixed shaft.

8. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: A locking mechanism (4) is fixedly mounted on the fixed guide plate (121) and the plug-in box (31), and the locking mechanism (4) comprises a protective shell (41), an inner plate (42), a snap-on switch (43), and a spring (44). The fixed guide plate (121) and the plug-in box (31) are fixedly connected to the protective shell (41), an inner plate (42) is arranged on the inner side of the protective shell (41), a spring (44) is inserted between the protective shell (41) and the inner plate (42), and a snap-on slot is provided in the middle of the inner plate (42), and a snap-on switch (43) is slidably connected in the snap-on slot.

9. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plug-in block one (132) and the plug-in block three (122) are provided with grooves corresponding to the card-connecting switch (43), and the fixed guide plate (121) and the plug-in box (31) are provided with movable grooves corresponding to the card-connecting switch (43).

10. The guide device for minimally invasive bone and joint surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed guide plate (121) is provided with a second straight bone screw hole, and the fixed guide plate (121) is provided with a slot corresponding to the first straight bone screw hole (112) and the oblique bone screw hole (113).

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