Material feeding and discharging power switching system for FDM 3D printer

Abstract

The invention discloses a material feeding and discharging power switching system for an FDM 3D printer, which comprises a power assembly, a feeding gear assembly and a discharging gear assembly, and the power assembly comprises a driving gear and a power element for driving the driving gear; the feeding gear assembly comprises a driving feeding gear, a feeding reduction gear, a first transmission shaft and a first one-way bearing, the feeding reduction gear is fixed to the first transmission shaft, and the first one-way bearing is located between the driving feeding gear and the first transmission shaft; the material returning gear assembly comprises a material returning gear, a first-stage material returning reduction gear, a second-stage material returning reduction gear, a second transmission shaft and a second one-way bearing, the first-stage material returning reduction gear and the feeding reduction gear are both meshed with the driving gear, and the first-stage material returning reduction gear is fixed to the second transmission shaft; the second one-way bearing and the first one-way bearing are arranged in opposite directions and located between the second-stage material returning reduction gear and the second transmission shaft, multiple sets of power assemblies do not need to be arranged, and the effects of being simple in structure, stable in operation and low in cost are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of printers, and particularly relates to a switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer. Background Art

[0002] At present, 3D printing, whose full name is 3 Dimensional Printing, is a technology that is based on a computer three-dimensional model and is formed by layer-by-layer manufacturing through software control. It is a kind of additive manufacturing technology. 3D printing technology is usually realized by using a digital technology printer; the application objects of 3D printers can be in any industry and have a wide range of applications in the fields of medicine, architecture, automobiles, aerospace, and education.

[0003] The full name of FDM 3D printing technology is Fused Deposition Modeling, that is, the fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology, which is a kind of 3D printing technology; currently, traditional desktop 3D printers usually adopt the FDM forming technology, use prefabricated plastic wire as the printing consumable, extrude it after melting through a nozzle and print it on a heated bottom plate, and complete the printing of the model by stacking.

[0004] At present, when a desktop FDM 3D printer prints a multi-color model or needs to change materials during the printing process, it is necessary to pull back the residual wire in the printer and wind it around the wire reel. Therefore, it is necessary to configure power for the wire reel to realize the functions of feeding and recycling the wire. In order to match the length of the wire during feeding and recycling, so that the wire is wound neatly when the wire reel recycles the wire, it is necessary to equip multiple power sources, which has the problems of high cost and large space occupation of the mechanism.

[0005] Therefore, a new technology is needed to solve the problems of complex structure and high cost of printers in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer, which does not need to be equipped with multiple sets of power components, can effectively prevent the wire on the wire reel from loosening, and the power transmission of the power components is carried out through gear meshing, having the effects of simple structure, stable operation, and low cost.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer, including a machine shell, a power component, a feeding gear component, and a discharging gear component respectively installed on the machine shell. The power component includes a driving gear and a power element, and the power element provides power for the rotation of the driving gear; The feeding gear assembly includes a driving feeding gear, a feeding reduction gear, a first transmission shaft, and a first one-way bearing. The first transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the machine housing, and the feeding reduction gear is fixed to the first transmission shaft. The driving feeding gear is sleeved on the first transmission shaft, and the first one-way bearing is installed between the driving feeding gear and the first transmission shaft. The discharging gear assembly includes a discharging gear, a first-stage discharging reduction gear, a second-stage discharging reduction gear, a second transmission shaft, and a second one-way bearing. The second transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the machine housing, and the first-stage discharging reduction gear is fixed to the second transmission shaft. The second-stage discharging reduction gear is sleeved on the second transmission shaft, and the second one-way bearing is installed between the second transmission shaft and the second-stage discharging reduction gear. The discharging gear is rotatably mounted on the machine housing and meshes with the second-stage discharging reduction gear. The first-stage discharging reduction gear and the feeding reduction gear are respectively meshed on both sides of the driving gear. The arrangement directions of the first one-way bearing and the second one-way bearing are opposite.

[0008] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the driving feeding gear is sleeved on and fixed to the outer ring of the first one-way bearing, and the inner ring of the one-way bearing is sleeved on and fixed to the first transmission shaft. The second-stage discharging reduction gear is sleeved on and fixed to the outer ring of the second one-way bearing, and the inner ring of the second one-way bearing is sleeved on and fixed to the second transmission shaft.

[0009] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, when the inner ring of the first one-way bearing rotates counterclockwise, the first one-way bearing is locked, and the driving feeding gear can rotate synchronously with the first transmission shaft to achieve feeding. When the inner ring of the first one-way bearing rotates clockwise, the first one-way bearing is unlocked. When the inner ring of the second one-way bearing rotates clockwise, the second one-way bearing is locked, and the second-stage discharging reduction gear can rotate synchronously with the second transmission shaft to achieve discharging. When the inner ring of the second one-way bearing rotates counterclockwise, the second one-way bearing is unlocked.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the discharging gear assembly further includes a third transmission shaft. The third transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the machine housing, and the discharging gear is sleeved on and fixed to the third transmission shaft.

[0011] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the machine housing includes a gearbox cover and a gearbox seat. The gearbox seat is provided with an installation groove, and the gearbox cover is detachably fixed to the gearbox seat and used to close the notch of the installation groove. The feed gear assembly and the unfeed gear assembly are both installed in the installation groove, the power element and the driving gear are respectively installed on both sides of the gear box cover, and the driving gear is located in the installation groove; One end of the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, and the third transmission shaft are all rotatably connected to the gear box cover, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting groove.

[0012] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a material line head position detection component for detecting the position of the material line head, the material line head position detection component is installed in the installation groove, and the gear box seat is also provided with a material line channel, the material line head position detection component includes a detection wheel, a swing arm, a position detection switch, and an elastic element installed on the gear box seat, the detection wheel is transmission-connected to one end of the swing arm, the position detection switch is provided at the other end of the swing arm and fixed on the gear box seat, and the elastic element is clamped between the swing arm and the material line channel on the gear box seat.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the material thread end position detection assembly also includes a rotating shaft, and the middle part of the swing arm is sleeved on the rotating shaft; When there is no material line in the material line channel, one end of the swing arm presses the detection wheel against the material line channel under the elastic force of the elastic element, and the other end of the swing arm will not be detected by the position detection switch at this time, wherein the other end of the swing arm is provided with a detection object that can be sensed by the position detection switch; when the material line passes through the material line channel from above, the material line squeezes into the gap between the detection wheel and the material line channel, lifts up the detection wheel, and the swing arm rotates a certain angle around the rotating shaft, and the other end of the swing arm will be detected by the position detection switch, indicating that there is a material line in the material line channel.

[0014] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the position detection switch is a Hall detection switch, and the detection object is a magnetic object.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the feed gear assembly also includes a passive feed gear, the passive feed gear is installed in the installation groove, and the feed line channel is located between the active feed gear and the passive feed gear.

[0016] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the power element is a forward and reverse motor, and the driving gear is fixed on the output shaft of the motor.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer in this solution is provided with one-way bearings between the power components and the transmission modes of the active feeding gear 301 and the discharging gear. By utilizing the characteristics of the one-way bearing to unlock in the forward rotation and lock in the reverse rotation, the power transmission and unlocking between the power components and the feeding gear and the discharging gear are realized. It is not necessary to be equipped with multiple corresponding power components, which can effectively prevent the material line on the material line reel from becoming loose. Moreover, the power transmission of the power components is carried out through gear meshing, having the effects of simple structure, stable operation, and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The following further elaborates in detail on the technology of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments: Figure 1 is the exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is the front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is the side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 is the top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is an axonometric view of the installation structure of the feeding gear assembly and the material head position detection assembly relative to the gearbox cover; Figure 7 is another axonometric view of the installation structure of the feeding gear assembly and the material head position detection assembly relative to the gearbox cover; Figure 8 is the axonometric view of the installation structure of the material head position detection assembly of the present invention on the gearbox seat; Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the installation structure of the material head position detection assembly of the present invention on the gearbox seat; Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention during use.

[0019] Reference Signs: 1 - housing; 101 - gearbox cover; 102 - gearbox seat; 2 - power component; 201 - power element; 202 - driving gear; 3 - feeding gear assembly; 301 - active feeding gear; 302 - passive feeding gear; 303 - feeding reduction gear; 304 - first transmission shaft; 305 - first one-way bearing; 4 - discharging gear assembly; 401 - discharging gear; 402 - first-stage discharging reduction gear; 403 - second-stage discharging reduction gear; 404 - second one-way bearing; 405 - second transmission shaft; 406 - third transmission shaft; 5 - Material wire head position detection component; 501 - Detection wheel; 502 - Swing arm; 503 - Position detection switch; 504 - Elastic element; 505 - Rotating shaft; 6 - Material wire channel; 7 - Material wire spool. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, solution and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The same reference numerals used in the drawings indicate the same or similar parts everywhere.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a certain feature is referred to as "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it can be directly fixed or connected to another feature, or indirectly fixed or connected to another feature. In addition, the up, down, left, right, etc. descriptions used in the present invention are only relative to the mutual positional relationship of the components of the present invention in the drawings.

[0022] Referring to Figures 1 to 10 , a switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer, including a machine shell 1 and a power component 2, a feeding gear component 3 and a discharging gear component 4 installed on the machine shell 1. The power component 2 includes a driving gear 202 and a power element 201, and the power element 201 provides power for the rotation of the driving gear 202. Among them, the feeding gear component 3 and the discharging gear component 4 are distributed on both sides of the driving gear 202. The feeding gear component 3 includes a driving feeding gear 301, a feeding reduction gear 303, a first transmission shaft 304 and a first one - way bearing 305. The first transmission shaft 304 is rotatably installed on the machine shell 1, the driving feeding gear 301 is sleeved on the first transmission shaft 304, and the first one - way bearing 305 is installed between the driving feeding gear 301 and the first transmission shaft 304.

[0023] Among them, the first transmission shaft 304 is in transmission connection with the driving gear 202. The driving feeding gear 301 is sleeved on the outer ring of the first one - way bearing 304 and fixed to the outer ring of the first one - way bearing 305. The inner ring of the first one - way bearing 305 is sleeved on the first transmission shaft 304 and fixed to the first transmission shaft 304. The feeding reduction gear 303 is fixed on the first transmission shaft 304 and can rotate synchronously. The driving feeding gear 301 and the feeding reduction gear 303 are arranged at intervals along the axis of the first transmission shaft 304, and the rotation of the two gears will not interfere with each other.

[0024] The material discharging gear assembly 4 includes a material discharging gear 401, a first-stage material discharging reduction gear 402, a second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403, a second transmission shaft 405, a second one-way bearing 404 and a third transmission shaft 406. The second transmission shaft 405 is rotatably installed on the machine housing 1. The second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 405. The second one-way bearing 404 is installed between the second transmission shaft 405 and the second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403. The material discharging gear 401 is rotatably installed on the machine housing 1 and meshes with the second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403.

[0025] Wherein, the first-stage material discharging reduction gear 402 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 405 and fixed to the second transmission shaft 405. The second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403 is sleeved on the outer ring of the second one-way bearing 404 and fixed to the outer ring of the second one-way bearing 404. The inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 is sleeved on the second transmission shaft 405 and fixed to the second transmission shaft 405. The material discharging gear 401 is fixed to the third transmission shaft 406 and coaxially arranged. The material discharging gear 401 meshes and drives with the second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403. The third transmission shaft 406 is located above the second transmission shaft 405. The third transmission shaft 406 is rotatably installed on the machine housing 1. The material discharging gear 401 is sleeved on the third transmission shaft 406 and fixed to the third transmission shaft 406. The first-stage material discharging reduction gear 402 and the feeding reduction gear 303 are respectively located on both sides of the driving gear 202 and both mesh and drive with the driving gear 202. The first one-way bearing 305 and the second one-way bearing 404 are arranged in opposite directions.

[0026] The material discharging gear assembly 4 is composed of a material discharging gear 401 and a material discharging reduction gear module. The material discharging reduction gear module includes at least 2 sets of reduction gears, which are the first-stage material discharging reduction gear 402 and the second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403 respectively. When the material discharging reduction gear module includes 3 sets of reduction gears, they are the first-stage material discharging reduction gear 402, the second-stage material discharging reduction gear 403 and the third-stage material discharging reduction gear. The third-stage material discharging reduction gear can be set according to actual conditions. When the material discharging reduction gear module includes more than 3 sets of reduction gears, it can be inferred by analogy.

[0027] The switching system for the feeding and discharging power of an FDM 3D printer in this solution is provided with one-way bearings between the power assembly 2 and the transmission methods of the active feeding gear 301 and the discharging gear 401. By utilizing the characteristics of the one-way bearing to unlock in the forward rotation and lock in the reverse rotation, the power transmission and unlocking between the power assembly 2 and the feeding gear and the discharging gear 401 are realized. There is no need to equip multiple corresponding power assemblies 2, and the power transmission of the power assembly 2 is carried out through gear meshing, which has the effects of simple structure, stable operation, and low cost. It can also effectively prevent the material line on the material line disk 7 from loosening, and the power transmission of the power assembly is carried out through gear meshing, which has the effects of simple structure, stable operation, and low cost.

[0028] Specifically, the first one-way bearing 305 is arranged in the forward direction. When the inner ring of the first one-way bearing 305 rotates clockwise, the first one-way bearing 305 unlocks and acts as a bearing, and cannot transmit power. When the inner ring of the first one-way bearing 305 rotates counterclockwise, the first one-way bearing 305 locks, and the active feeding gear 301 can rotate synchronously with the first transmission shaft 304, and can transmit power to the active feeding gear 301. The rotation of the active feeding gear 301 can realize feeding, and the active feeding gear can rotate synchronously with the first transmission shaft to realize feeding.

[0029] Specifically, for the feeding method, when feeding is required, the power element 201 is started to drive the active gear 202 to rotate forward, that is, the active gear 202 rotates clockwise, the feeding reduction gear 303 rotates counterclockwise, drives the first transmission shaft 304 to rotate counterclockwise, the inner ring of the first one-way bearing 305 rotates counterclockwise, the first one-way bearing 305 locks, and the power is transmitted to the active feeding gear 301 to realize the feeding function. At the same time, the first-stage discharging reduction gear 402 rotates counterclockwise, drives the second transmission shaft 405 to rotate counterclockwise, the inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 rotates counterclockwise, the second one-way bearing 404 unlocks, and the inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 rotates counterclockwise, and the outer ring is relatively stationary under the action of the resistance of the subsequent gears such as the second-stage discharging reduction gear 403, that is, at this time, the subsequent gears such as the second-stage discharging reduction gear 403 can limit the rotation of the outer ring of the second one-way bearing 404, and the power will not be transmitted to the discharging gear 401.

[0030] Specifically, the second one-way bearing 404 is arranged in the reverse direction. When the inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 rotates clockwise, the second one-way bearing 404 is locked and can transmit power. The second-stage unloading reduction gear 403 can rotate synchronously with the second transmission shaft 405. The second-stage unloading reduction gear 403 drives the unloading gear 401 to rotate, and unloading can be realized by the rotation of the unloading gear 401. Among them, the way of realizing unloading by the rotation of the unloading gear 401 can adopt a conventional setting or be set according to the actual situation. When the inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 rotates counterclockwise, the second one-way bearing 404 is unlocked and functions as a bearing, and power cannot be transmitted.

[0031] Specifically, the feeding gear assembly 3 further includes a driven feeding gear 302 meshing with the driving feeding gear 301. For the unloading method, when unloading is required, the power element 201 is started to drive the driving gear 202 to rotate in the reverse direction, that is, the driving gear 202 rotates counterclockwise, the first-stage unloading reduction gear 402 rotates clockwise, drives the second transmission shaft 405 to rotate clockwise, the inner ring of the second one-way bearing 404 rotates clockwise, the second one-way bearing 404 is locked, and the power is transmitted to the second-stage unloading reduction gear 403. The second-stage unloading reduction gear 403 then transmits the power to the unloading gear 401 to realize the unloading function. At the same time, the feeding reduction gear 303 rotates clockwise, drives the first transmission shaft 304 to rotate clockwise, the inner ring of the first one-way bearing 305 rotates clockwise, the first one-way bearing 305 is unlocked, the inner ring of the first one-way bearing 305 rotates clockwise, and the outer ring remains relatively stationary under the resistance of the driven feeding gear 302, that is, at this time, the driven feeding gear 302 can limit the rotation of the outer ring of the first one-way bearing 305, and the power will not be transmitted to the driving feeding gear 301.

[0032] Specifically, the driving feeding gear 301 and the feeding reduction gear 303 are coaxially arranged and the axis is located on the first axis; the first-stage unloading reduction gear 402 and the second-stage unloading reduction gear 403 are coaxially arranged and located on the second axis; the unloading gear 401 has a third axis. The first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are parallel to each other and spaced apart.

[0033] Specifically, the power element 201 can preferably be a motor. The driving gear 202 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor. The motor can drive its output shaft to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. The motor can preferably be a forward and reverse motor.

[0034] Specifically, the switching system for feeding and withdrawing power of the FDM3D printer of the present solution also includes a housing 1, the housing 1 includes a gear box cover 101 and a gear box seat 102, the gear box seat 102 is provided with a mounting groove, the gear box cover 101 is detachably fixed on the gear box seat 102 and is used to close the notch of the mounting groove. The feeding gear assembly 3 and the withdrawing gear assembly 4 are both installed in the mounting groove, the power element 201 is installed on the side of the gear box cover 101 away from the gear box seat 102, the driving gear 202 is installed in the mounting groove, the power element 201 and the driving gear 202 are respectively located on both sides of the gear box cover 101, wherein the power element 201, i.e., the output shaft of the motor passes through the gear box cover 101 and is fixedly connected to the driving gear 202. One ends of the first transmission shaft 304 , the second transmission shaft 405 , and the third transmission shaft 406 are all rotatably connected to the gear box cover 101 , and the other ends are rotatably fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting groove on the gear box seat 102 .

[0035] Specifically, the feed gear assembly 3 further includes a passive feed gear 302 , and the passive feed gear 302 is installed in the installation groove, and the feed line channel 6 is located between the active feed gear 301 and the passive feed gear 302 .

[0036] Specifically, the switching system for the advance and retreat power of the FDM3D printer of the present solution also includes a material line head position detection component 5 for detecting the position of the material line head, which can detect whether there is a material line in the material line channel 6. The material line head position detection component 5 is installed in the installation groove, and the gear box seat 102 is also provided with a material line channel 6 for the material line to pass through. The material line channel 6 can be formed by a material line conveying pipe. The material line head position detection component 5 includes a detection wheel 501, a swing arm 502, a position detection switch 503, and an elastic element 504. The elastic element 504 can preferably be a reset spring. The detection wheel 501 is transmission-connected to one end of the swing arm 502, and the position detection switch 503 is arranged at the other end of the swing arm 502 relative to the detection wheel 501 and fixed on the gear box seat 102. The elastic element 504 is stuck between the swing arm 502 and the material line channel 6 on the gear box seat 102. The specific installation position of the material line head position detection component 5 in the installation groove can be referred to the attached Figure 1 , 8 , 9 are set, and can also be set according to actual conditions, so as to facilitate the detection of whether there is a material line in the material line channel 6.

[0037] Specifically, the material line head position detection component 5 further includes a rotating shaft 505. The rotating shaft 505 is installed in the installation groove and can be arranged perpendicular to the gearbox cover 101. The middle part of the swing arm 502 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 505. When there is no material line in the material line channel 6, one end of the swing arm 502 presses the detection wheel 501 against the material line channel 6 under the elastic force of the elastic element 504. At this time, the other end of the swing arm 502 will not be detected by the position detection switch 503. Among them, a detection object that can be sensed by the position detection switch 503 is provided at the other end of the swing arm 502. When the material line penetrates from above the material line channel 6, the material line squeezes into the gap between the detection wheel 501 and the material line channel 6, jacks up the detection wheel 501, and the swing arm 502 rotates a certain angle around the rotating shaft 505. The other end of the swing arm 502 will be detected by the position detection switch 503, indicating that there is a material line in the material line channel 6.

[0038] Specifically, the position detection switch 503 is a Hall detection switch, and the detection object is a magnetic object.

[0039] For other contents of the feeding and discharging power switching system for an FDM 3D printer of the present invention, reference can be made to the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of an FDM 3D printer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power assembly, a feed gear assembly and a discharge gear assembly which are each mounted on the housing, wherein the power assembly comprises a driving gear and a power element, and the power element provides power for the rotation of the driving gear; the feed gear assembly comprises an active feed gear, a feed reduction gear, a first transmission shaft and a first one-way bearing, wherein the first transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the housing, and the feed reduction gear is fixed to the first transmission shaft; the active feed gear is sleeved on the first transmission shaft, and the first one-way bearing is mounted between the active feed gear and the first transmission shaft; the discharge gear assembly comprises a discharge gear, a first-stage discharge gear, a first-stage discharge gear, a first-stage discharge gear, and a first-stage discharge gear. A feed reduction gear, a second-stage material return reduction gear, a second transmission shaft, and a second one-way bearing. The second transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the housing, and the first-stage material return reduction gear is fixed to the second transmission shaft; the second-stage material return reduction gear is sleeved on the second transmission shaft, and the second one-way bearing is installed between the second transmission shaft and the second-stage material return reduction gear. The material return gear is rotatably mounted on the housing and meshes with the second-stage material return reduction gear; the first-stage material return reduction gear and the feed reduction gear are respectively meshed on both sides of the driving gear; the first one-way bearing and the second one-way bearing are arranged in opposite directions.

2. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of an FDM 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active feeding gear is sleeved on the outer ring of the first one-way bearing and fixed thereto, and the inner ring of the one-way bearing is sleeved on the first transmission shaft and fixed thereto; The second-stage material-removing reduction gear is sleeved on the outer ring of the second one-way bearing and fixed thereto, and the inner ring of the second one-way bearing is sleeved on the second transmission shaft and fixed thereto.

3. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the inner ring of the first one-way bearing rotates counterclockwise, the first one-way bearing is locked, and the active feeding gear can rotate synchronously with the first transmission shaft to achieve feeding; when the inner ring of the first one-way bearing rotates clockwise, the first one-way bearing is unlocked; When the inner ring of the second one-way bearing rotates clockwise, the second one-way bearing is locked, and the second-stage material withdrawal reduction gear can rotate synchronously with the second transmission shaft to realize material withdrawal; when the inner ring of the second one-way bearing rotates counterclockwise, the second one-way bearing is unlocked.

4. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material-removing gear assembly further comprises a third transmission shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the housing, and the material-removing gear is sleeved on and fixed to the third transmission shaft.

5. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The housing comprises a gear box cover and a gear box seat, the gear box seat is provided with a mounting groove, the gear box cover is detachably fixed on the gear box seat and is used to close the notch of the mounting groove; The feed gear assembly and the unfeed gear assembly are both installed in the installation groove, the power element and the driving gear are respectively installed on both sides of the gear box cover, and the driving gear is located in the installation groove; One end of the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, and the third transmission shaft are all rotatably connected to the gear box cover, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting groove.

6. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a material line end position detection component for detecting the position of the material line end, the material line end position detection component is installed in the installation groove, and the gear box seat is also provided with a material line channel, the material line end position detection component includes a detection wheel, a swing arm, a position detection switch, and an elastic element installed on the gear box seat, the detection wheel is transmission-connected to one end of the swing arm, the position detection switch is provided at the other end of the swing arm and fixed on the gear box seat, and the elastic element is clamped between the swing arm and the material line channel on the gear box seat.

7. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material thread end position detection assembly also includes a rotating shaft, and the middle part of the swing arm is sleeved on the rotating shaft; When there is no material line in the material line channel, one end of the swing arm presses the detection wheel against the material line channel under the elastic force of the elastic element, and the other end of the swing arm will not be detected by the position detection switch at this time, wherein the other end of the swing arm is provided with a detection object that can be sensed by the position detection switch; when the material line passes through the material line channel from above, the material line squeezes into the gap between the detection wheel and the material line channel, lifts up the detection wheel, and the swing arm rotates a certain angle around the rotating shaft, and the other end of the swing arm will be detected by the position detection switch, indicating that there is a material line in the material line channel.

8. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The position detection switch is a Hall detection switch, and the detection object is a magnetic object.

9. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feed gear assembly also includes a passive feed gear, which is installed in the installation groove, and the feed line channel is located between the active feed gear and the passive feed gear.

10. The switching system for feeding and withdrawing materials of the FDM 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power element is a forward and reverse motor, and the driving gear is fixed on the output shaft of the motor.

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