Disease and pest control method for walnuts

Abstract

The invention discloses a disease and pest control method for walnuts, and belongs to the technical field of disease and pest control, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) after the walnuts are harvested in late October, timely cleaning falling fruits on the ground, removing insect fruits on trees, removing weeds, dry branches and fallen leaves near the walnuts, and carrying out incineration treatment; (2) adding water into microcapsules, mixing to prepare a microcapsule treating agent, and spraying the microcapsule treating agent on the walnut tree trunk and surrounding soil and grass from late October to late November once every 30-35 days; and (3) from late March to late June in the next year, a microcapsule treating agent is sprayed on the walnut tree trunks once every 20-30 days in the period, and the problem that the prevention and treatment rate of a traditional touch breaking type capsule on the euphorbia pectoris is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and particularly to a pest control method for walnuts. Background Art

[0002] Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a deciduous tree of the genus Juglans in the family Jugladaceac. It is an important woody oil plant and nut fruit tree in the world, and also one of the important economic forest tree species in China. The long-legged walnut weevil (Alcidodes juglans Chao), also known as the walnut fruit weevil, walnut weevil beetle, etc., belongs to the Coleoptera and the Curculionidae. It is a serious fruit-boring pest on walnut trees. The adults of the long-legged walnut weevil start to climb trees and move in April, feeding on tender shoots and leaves. They lay eggs in walnut fruits in May, and the eggs, larvae, and pupae of the long-legged weevil all develop inside the damaged walnut fruits. The larvae of the long-legged walnut weevil feed on the kernels in the walnut fruits, resulting in a large number of damaged fruits falling off. After the larvae fall to the ground with the damaged fruits, they continue to feed on the kernels in the fruits. When the larvae are mature, they pupate inside the fruits and emerge as adults. The newly emerged adults start to overwinter in November, mainly in the cracks of the tree trunks, as well as in the nearby weeds and soil. The current main control method is to spray thiacloprid, beta-cyfluthrin, etc. during the adult activity period to control the adults of the long-legged walnut weevil, and spray pesticides again during the larval hatching period to poison the newly hatched larvae. However, during the control process, the pesticides will be sprayed on the walnut fruits. Excessive pesticide spraying will cause some pesticide components to remain in the walnut fruits, affecting the quality of walnuts. Moreover, when directly spraying pesticides, the effective period of the pesticides is relatively short, and frequent spraying is required. At present, there are puncture microcapsule insecticides used to kill pests. However, if the capsule wall of the puncture microcapsule is too soft, the capsule will rupture during spraying, and if the capsule wall is too hard, the capsule will not rupture, which will both lead to the failure of pest control or a reduction in efficiency. Therefore, the present invention provides a pest control method for walnuts, which can effectively control the long-legged walnut weevil and reduce the content of pesticide residues in walnuts by improving the traditional puncture capsule. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pest control method for walnuts, which uses a puncture capsule to control the long-legged walnut weevil and simultaneously solves the problem of the relatively low control rate of the traditional puncture capsule.

[0004] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0005] A pest control method for walnuts, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) After the walnut harvest in late October, promptly clean up the fallen fruits on the ground and remove the insect-infested fruits on the trees. Clear the weeds, dead branches, and fallen leaves near the walnuts and burn them.

[0007] (2) Mix the microcapsules with water to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent, and spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, surrounding soil, and grass from late October to late November, spraying once every 30 - 35 days.

[0008] (3) From late March to late June of the following year, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, spraying once every 20 - 30 days during this period.

[0009] April is the time when the adult walnut longicorn beetles start to climb up the trees and feed. The walnut longicorn beetles that climb up the trees lay eggs in the walnut fruits in May. After the eggs gradually develop into larvae, they feed on the kernels, resulting in a large number of damaged fruits falling off. Therefore, start spraying the microcapsule treatment agent in late March. The microcapsules adhere to the walnut trees. When the walnut longicorn beetles that climb up the trees touch the microcapsules, the microcapsules break, and the internal drug kills the walnut longicorn beetles by contact.

[0010] In September - October, burn the insect-infested fruits, fallen fruits, and weeds near the walnuts to prevent the walnut longicorn beetles in the insect-infested fruits and fallen fruits from pupating in the fruits and emerging into adults, causing pests in the next year. Start spraying the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks and surrounding soil and grass in late October to prevent the successfully emerged adult walnut longicorn beetles from overwintering successfully, further reducing the damage of the walnut longicorn beetles to walnuts.

[0011] In addition, since the microcapsule treatment agent is sprayed on the walnut tree trunks and surrounding soil and not directly on the walnut fruits, it will not affect the walnuts, and there is no pesticide residue inside the walnut fruits.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the microcapsules is as follows:

[0013] S1: Mix sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and water in a mass ratio of 1:50 to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.

[0014] S2: Add dioctyl phthalate and benzophenone to ethanol and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0015] S3: Dissolve cypermethrin and imidacloprid in acetone to prepare the core material of the capsule.

[0016] S4: Add the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution into the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 - 32 °C, stir for 2 - 3 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 - 220 r / min, then add the core material into the reactor. After mixing evenly, add toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 - 550 r / min, stir for 5 - 10 min at 30 - 32 °C, then add ethylenediamine and the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 - 350 r / min, keep stirring at the same temperature for 20 - 30 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 - 220 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 - 40 min to obtain microcapsules.

[0017] Further, the mass ratio of dioctyl phthalate, benzophenone, and ethanol in S2 is (2 - 3):(2 - 2.5):(10 - 15).

[0018] Further, the mass ratio of cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and acetone in S2 is (3 - 4):(2 - 3):(10 - 15).

[0019] Further, the mass ratio of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution, core material, toluene diisocyanate, ethylenediamine, and mixed solution in S4 is (50 - 60):(20 - 25):(5 - 6):(2 - 3):(10 - 12).

[0020] Further, the particle size of the microcapsules is 0.3 - 0.5 mm.

[0021] When preparing the microcapsules, toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine are used as the wall materials. Through the interfacial polymerization reaction of the two wall materials, the core material is wrapped inside to form a rupture-triggered microcapsule. When subjected to external force extrusion, the wall of the microcapsule ruptures, releasing the internal cypermethrin and imidacloprid, thereby killing the alcidodes juglans Chao. After mixing the microcapsules with water, a microcapsule treatment agent is prepared, and then the microcapsule treatment agent is sprayed onto the walnut tree trunk. Dioctyl phthalate is also added to the microcapsules, which can improve the flexibility of the wall of the microcapsules and increase its impact resistance, thereby preventing the microcapsules from rupturing during the spraying process and avoiding the volatilization of the drug effect before use. Dioctyl phthalate will also gradually degrade under the action of light, losing its plasticizing effect on the wall of the microcapsules, reducing its flexibility and increasing its brittleness, making it easy to rupture under external force. And benzophenone in the microcapsules can effectively absorb light energy, generate free radicals by excitation, thereby promoting the photolysis rate of dioctyl phthalate and increasing the embrittlement rate of the microcapsules. Therefore, when the alcidodes juglans Chao starts to climb up the walnut tree in April, when the alcidodes juglans Chao touches the microcapsules, the wall of the microcapsules ruptures under the external force of the alcidodes juglans Chao climbing, exposing the internal cypermethrin and imidacloprid, and having a contact-killing effect on the alcidodes juglans Chao, thereby playing a role in preventing and controlling the alcidodes juglans Chao. The alcidodes juglans Chao will overwinter in the tree trunk cracks, as well as in the nearby weeds and soil. Therefore, from late October to late November, the microcapsule treatment agent is sprayed on the walnut tree trunk and the surrounding soil and grass. When the alcidodes juglans Chao looks for a place to overwinter, it will touch the microcapsules, causing the microcapsules to rupture and thus killing the alcidodes juglans Chao.

[0022] Further, when the microcapsules are used in the prevention and control process, they need to be mixed with water, and the microcapsules and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(200 - 500) before use.

[0023] Further, when the microcapsules are used in the prevention and control process, they need to be mixed with water, and the microcapsules and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(20 - 25) before use.

[0024] Further, after the microcapsules are added with water to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent in step (2), the spraying amount is 40 - 50 g / m 2 。

[0025] Further, after the microcapsules are added with water to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent in step (3), the spraying amount is 80 - 100 g / m 2 。

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] After the microcapsule treatment agent prepared by the present invention is sprayed onto the walnut tree trunk, the microcapsules adhere to the trunk. When the alcidodes juglans Chao climbs onto the tree, under the external force of the alcidodes juglans Chao, the microcapsules rupture, exposing the effective insecticidal components inside to conduct contact killing on the alcidodes juglans Chao. The microcapsule treatment agent prepared by the present invention can not only effectively reduce the pest damage of the alcidodes juglans Chao to walnuts and reduce the rate of insect-damaged fruits, but also, since the microcapsule treatment agent is not sprayed onto the fruits, it will not affect the walnuts, solving the problem of agricultural residues inside the walnuts. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 : Diagram of the adult alcidodes juglans Chao climbing onto the tree;

[0029] Figure 2 : Diagram of an insect-damaged fruit eaten by the alcidodes juglans Chao. Detailed Embodiments

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] Preparation of microcapsules:

[0033] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0034] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1 g of benzophenone to 10 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0035] S3: Dissolve 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid in 10 g of acetone to prepare the core material;

[0036] S3: Add 50 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of the core material to the reactor, mix evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir at the same temperature for 20 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0037] Pest control method for walnuts:

[0038] (1) After the walnuts are harvested in late October, promptly clean up the fallen fruits on the ground and remove the insect-damaged fruits on the trees, remove the weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves near the walnuts and conduct incineration treatment;

[0039] (2) Mix the microcapsules and water in a mass ratio of 1:20 to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent. Spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunk, the surrounding soil, and the grass from late October to late November. Spray it once every 30 days, and the amount sprayed each time is 40 g / m 2 ;

[0040] (3) From late March to late June of the following year, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunk. Spray it once every 20 days during this period, and the amount sprayed each time is 80 g / m 2 。

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] Preparation of microcapsules:

[0043] S1: Mix 1.1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 55 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0044] S2: Add 2.5 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1.25 g of benzophenone to 12 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0045] S3: Dissolve 3.5 g of cypermethrin and 2.5 g of imidacloprid in 12 g of acetone to prepare a core material;

[0046] S3: Add 55 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 31 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 210 r / min, then add 22 g of the core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 5.5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 520 r / min, stir for 8 min at 31 °C, then add 2.5 g of ethylenediamine and 11 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 320 r / min, continue to stir at the same temperature for 25 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 210 r / min, and continue to stir for 35 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.4 mm.

[0047] Pest control method for walnuts:

[0048] (1) After the walnuts are harvested in late October, promptly clean up the fallen fruits on the ground and remove the pest-infested fruits on the trees, remove the weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves near the walnuts and carry out incineration treatment;

[0049] (2) Mix the microcapsules and water in a mass ratio of 1:22 to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent. Spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunk, the surrounding soil, and the grass from late October to late November. Spray it once every 32 days, and the amount sprayed each time is 45 g / m 2 ;

[0050] (3) From late March to late June of the following year, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, spraying once every 25 days, and the amount sprayed each time is 90 g / m 2 .

[0051] Example 3:

[0052] Preparation of microcapsules:

[0053] S1: Mix 1.2 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 60 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0054] S2: Add 3 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1.5 g of benzophenone to 15 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0055] S3: Dissolve 4 g of cypermethrin and 3 g of imidacloprid in 15 g of acetone to prepare the core material;

[0056] S3: Add 60 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 32 °C, stir for 3 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 220 r / min, then add 25 g of the core material to the reactor, after mixing evenly, add 6 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 550 r / min, stir for 10 min at 32 °C, then add 3 g of ethylenediamine and 12 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 350 r / min, continue to stir for 30 min while maintaining the temperature, then adjust the rotation speed to 220 r / min, and continue to stir for 40 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0057] Pest control method for walnuts:

[0058] (1) After the walnuts are harvested in late October, promptly clean the fallen fruits on the ground and remove the pest-infested fruits on the trees, remove the weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves near the walnuts and conduct incineration treatment;

[0059] (2) Mix the microcapsules and water according to a mass ratio of 1:25 to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent, and spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks and the surrounding soil and grass from late October to late November, spraying once every 35 days, and the amount sprayed each time is 50 g / m 2 ;

[0060] (3) From late March to late June of the following year, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, spraying once every 30 days, and the amount sprayed each time is 100 g / m 2 .

[0061] Comparative Example 1:

[0062] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, with the only difference being the raw materials, specifically, dioctyl phthalate is not added. The specific method is as follows:

[0063] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0064] S2: Add 1 g of benzophenone to 10 g of ethanol and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0065] S3: Dissolve 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid in 10 g of acetone to prepare a core material;

[0066] S3: Add 50 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to a reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of the core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir at the same temperature for 20 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0067] The walnut pest control method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 2:

[0069] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, with the only difference being the raw materials of the microcapsule treatment agent, specifically, benzophenone is not added. The specific method is as follows:

[0070] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0071] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate to 10 g of ethanol and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0072] S3: Dissolve 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid in 10 g of acetone to prepare a core material;

[0073] S3: Add 50 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir at the same temperature for 20 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0074] The walnut pest control method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 3:

[0076] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference lies only in the preparation of the microcapsule treatment agent. Specifically, the mass ratio of dioctyl phthalate to benzophenone is 4:1. The specific method is as follows:

[0077] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0078] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate and 0.5 g of benzophenone to 10 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0079] S3: Dissolve 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid in 10 g of acetone to prepare the core material;

[0080] S3: Add 50 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir at the same temperature for 20 min, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0081] The walnut pest control method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 4:

[0083] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference lies only in the preparation of the microcapsule treatment agent. Specifically, the mass ratio of toluene diisocyanate to ethylenediamine is 1:1. The specific method is as follows:

[0084] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0085] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1 g of benzophenone to 10 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0086] S3: Add 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid to 10 g of acetone for dissolution to prepare the core material;

[0087] S3: Add 50 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to a reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of the core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 2 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir for 20 min while maintaining the temperature, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0088] The walnut pest control method in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 5:

[0090] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, and the difference lies only in the preparation of the microcapsule treatment agent. Specifically, the mass ratio of toluene diisocyanate to ethylenediamine is 5:1. The specific method is as follows:

[0091] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0092] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1 g of benzophenone to 10 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0093] S3: Add 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid to 10 g of acetone for dissolution to prepare the core material;

[0094] S3: Add 50 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to a reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of the core material to the reactor. After mixing evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 1 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir for 20 min while maintaining the temperature, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0095] The walnut pest control method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 6:

[0097] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference lies only in the preparation of the microcapsule treatment agent. Specifically, titanium dioxide is used instead of benzophenone. The specific method is as follows:

[0098] S1: Mix 1 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 50 g of water evenly to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution;

[0099] S2: Add 2 g of dioctyl phthalate and 1 g of titanium dioxide to 10 g of ethanol, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0100] S3: Dissolve 3 g of cypermethrin and 2 g of imidacloprid in 10 g of acetone to prepare the core material;

[0101] S3: Add 50 g of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30 °C, stir for 2 min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200 r / min, then add 20 g of the core material to the reactor, mix evenly, add 5 g of toluene diisocyanate, adjust the rotation speed to 500 r / min, stir for 5 min at 30 °C, then add 2 g of ethylenediamine and 10 g of the mixed solution, adjust the rotation speed to 300 r / min, continue to stir for 20 min while maintaining the temperature, then adjust the rotation speed to 200 r / min, and continue to stir for 30 min to obtain microcapsules with a particle size of 0.3 mm.

[0102] The walnut pest control method of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1.

[0103] Comparative Example 7:

[0104] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the difference lies only in the walnut pest control method. Specifically, cypermethrin and imidacloprid are directly sprayed. The specific method is as follows:

[0105] (1) After the walnut harvest in late October, promptly clean up the fallen fruits on the ground and remove the pest-infested fruits on the trees, clear the weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves near the walnuts and conduct incineration treatment;

[0106] (2) From late October to late November, mix cypermethrin and imidacloprid evenly according to a mass ratio of 3:2, dilute them 1000 times, and spray them on the walnut tree trunks and the surrounding soil and grass. Spray once every 30 days, and the amount of each spray is 40 g / m 2 ;

[0107] (3) From late March to late June of the following year, dilute cypermethrin and imidacloprid 1000 times and spray them onto the walnut tree trunks, spraying once every 20 days during this period, and the amount of each spray is 80 g / m 2 .

[0108] Experiment:

[0109] Conduct an experiment in a walnut planting area. The age of the walnut trees is 5 years. Randomly select 10 walnut trees in each group for the experiment of controlling Alcidodes juglans Chao.

[0110] After harvesting walnuts in late October, promptly clean up the fallen fruits, and remove the nearby weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves and conduct incineration treatment; then from late October to late November, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, the surrounding soil and the grass at the same time, spraying once every 30 days, and the amount of each spray is 40 g / m 2 ; Start spraying the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks at the end of March of the following year, spraying once every 20 days during this period, and spraying until June, and the amount of each spray is 80 g / m 2 . Avoid spraying on rainy days when spraying.

[0111] 1. The microcapsule treatment agent sprayed in Experimental Group 1 is prepared by mixing the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 and water in a ratio of 1:20;

[0112] 2. The microcapsule treatment agents sprayed in Control Groups 1-6 are respectively prepared by mixing the microcapsules prepared in Comparative Examples 1-6 and water in a ratio of 1:20;

[0113] 4. In Control Group 7, cypermethrin and imidacloprid are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 3:2, diluted 1000 times and then directly sprayed.

[0114] 5. The blank group does not treat the walnut trees.

[0115] After the microcapsules of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-6 are prepared, place them in natural light for 5, 10, and 15 days respectively, and then use a soft capsule hardness tester to test the puncture strength of the prepared microcapsules (the particle size is 0.3 mm). At the same time, conduct an insecticidal experiment. Cover the culture dish with walnut leaves, and then spray the microcapsule treatment agents prepared in each group (microcapsule: water mass ratio 1:20) respectively, with the spraying amount of 10 mg / dish. After the culture dish is placed in natural light for 15 days, put 10 adult Alcidodes juglans Chao in each group, with 3 replicates, and record the mortality rate after 72 hours. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] In September, randomly select 100 fruits on the walnut trees in each group to check whether there are insect holes, and calculate the average insect fruit rate. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0117] Table 1

[0118]

[0119] Table 2

[0120] Percentage of wormy fruits (%) Experimental group 1 3.2 Control group 1 16.4 Control group 2 14.5 Control group 3 13.6 Control group 4 8.8 Control group 5 11.3 Control group 6 10.2 Control group 7 6.5 Blank group 33.8

[0121] It can be obtained from the analysis of Table 1 and Table 2 that:

[0122] 1. Compared with Experimental Group 1, in Control Group 1, dioctyl phthalate is not added, and the strength of the microcapsule wall is lower. The microcapsules are easily broken during spraying. And due to the slow degradation rate of the microcapsule wall under natural light in the later stage of the prepared microcapsules, the change in the puncture strength of the capsule wall is small. As a result, the puncture rate of the microcapsules by the alcidodes juglans Chao released in the insecticidal experiment is low, leading to a low mortality rate of the alcidodes juglans Chao. Therefore, when the microcapsules prepared in Control Group 1 are added with water for pest control of walnut trees, the control effect on the alcidodes juglans Chao is reduced, and the percentage of insect-infested fruits of walnuts is high. Compared with Experimental Group 1, in Control Group 2, benzophenone is not added, and the degradation of dioctyl phthalate in the microcapsule wall is slow. When the alcidodes juglans Chao starts to climb up the walnut tree, the strength of the microcapsule wall is high and is not easily broken under the external force of the alcidodes juglans Chao climbing. Therefore, the mortality rate of the alcidodes juglans Chao released in Control Group 2 in the insecticidal experiment is high, the control effect on the alcidodes juglans Chao is reduced, and thus the percentage of insect-infested fruits of walnuts is high.

[0123] 2. Compared with Experimental Group 1, in Control Group 3, the mass ratio of dioctyl phthalate to benzophenone is 4:1, and the content of benzophenone is low, so the promoting effect on the ultraviolet absorption of benzophenone is low, and the time required for the microcapsule wall to become brittle is long. Therefore, in the insecticidal experiment, when the alcidodes juglans Chao is released, the puncture strength of the microcapsules is large, and the puncture rate of the microcapsules by the alcidodes juglans Chao is low. The control effect on the alcidodes juglans Chao is poor, so the percentage of insect-infested fruits of Control Group 4 is high.

[0124] 3. Compared with Example 1, in Control Group 4, during the preparation of the microcapsules, the mass ratio of toluene diisocyanate to ethylenediamine is 1:1, and the number of urea bonds formed between toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine is small, and the crosslinking density of the capsule wall is low, resulting in a low hardness of the prepared microcapsules and being more easily broken under external force. Therefore, the puncture strength of Control Group 4 is small and is easily broken during spraying, resulting in a poor killing effect on the alcidodes juglans Chao, so the percentage of insect-infested fruits of Control Group 4 is high. Compared with Experimental Group 1, in Control Group 5, the mass ratio of toluene diisocyanate to ethylenediamine is 5:1, and the number of urea bonds formed between toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine is large, resulting in a denser crosslinked structure. Therefore, the prepared microcapsules have a greater hardness and a greater puncture strength of the microcapsules. However, the force of the alcidodes juglans Chao on it is small, resulting in the microcapsules not being able to be broken, so the killing of the alcidodes juglans Chao by Control Group 6 is insufficient, and the percentage of insect-infested fruits is high.

[0125] 4. Compared with experimental group 1, in control group 6, titanium dioxide powder was used instead of benzophenone. Since the dispersibility of titanium dioxide powder was poor, the distribution uniformity in the capsules was poor, resulting in uneven titanium dioxide content in the microcapsules prepared by control group 6. Therefore, the brittleness of the capsule wall was inconsistent, the average puncture force of the capsules was low, the mortality rate of Alcidodes juglans Chao was low, and the rate of wormy fruits of walnuts was high.

[0126] 5. Compared with Example 1, in control group 7, cypermethrin and imidacloprid were directly sprayed. Due to the long spraying interval, the effect on Alcidodes juglans Chao was poor and the rate of wormy fruits of walnuts was high. Therefore, it shows that the microcapsules prepared by experimental group 1 can achieve good control effect on Alcidodes juglans Chao, reduce the rate of wormy fruits of walnuts and maintain the quality of walnuts.

[0127] 6. Compared with experimental group 1, in the blank group, the walnut trees were not treated. Alcidodes juglans Chao laid eggs inside the walnuts and fed on the kernels after developing into adults, resulting in a high rate of wormy fruits of walnuts.

[0128] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for controlling diseases and insect pests of walnuts, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) After walnuts are harvested in late October, the fallen fruits on the ground and the insect-infested fruits on the trees should be cleaned up in time, and weeds, dead branches and leaves near the walnuts should be removed and burned; (2) mixing the microcapsules with water to prepare a microcapsule treatment agent, spraying the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks and surrounding soil and grass from late October to late November, once every 30-35 days; (3) From late March to late June of the following year, spray the microcapsule treatment agent on the walnut tree trunks, once every 20-30 days.

2. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the microcapsules is as follows: S1: mixing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and water in a mass ratio of 1:50 to obtain a sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution; S2: adding dioctyl phthalate and benzophenone into ethanol and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; S3: adding cypermethrin and imidacloprid into acetone and dissolving them to prepare capsule core material; S4: Add the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution to the reactor, place it in a constant temperature water bath at 30-32°C, stir at a speed of 200-220r / min for 2-3min, then add the core material to the reactor, add toluene diisocyanate after mixing evenly, adjust the speed to 500-550r / min, stir at 30-32°C for 5-10min, add ethylenediamine and the mixed solution, adjust the speed to 300-350r / min, maintain the temperature and continue stirring for 20-30min, adjust the speed to 200-220r / min, continue stirring for 30-40min to obtain microcapsules.

3. A walnut disease and insect pest control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of dioctyl phthalate, benzophenone and ethanol in S2 is (2-3): (2-2.5): (10-15).

4. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of cypermethrin, imidacloprid and acetone in S2 is (3-4): (2-3): (10-15).

5. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution, the core material, toluene diisocyanate, ethylenediamine and the mixed solution in S4 is (50-60): (20-25): (5-6): (2-3): (10-12).

6. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the microcapsules is 0.3-0.5 mm.

7. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcapsules need to be mixed with water when used in the prevention and treatment process. The microcapsules and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(20-25) before use.

8. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (2), after the microcapsules are added with water to prepare the microcapsule treatment agent, the amount of spraying is 40-50 g / m 2 .

9. The method for controlling walnut pests and diseases according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step (3), after the microcapsules are added with water to prepare the microcapsule treatment agent, the amount of spraying is 80-100 g / m 2 .

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