A mobile transition module system for nuclear emergency use and method of use

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of nuclear accident emergency, and discloses a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency and a use method, which comprises a connecting cabin for communication with an emergency inhabitable area, a preparation cabin for placing nuclear radiation protection supplies, an air shower cabin for blowing off loose dust and adsorbed aerosols on the surface of human body protection equipment, a connecting unit for communication between the emergency inhabitable area, the connecting cabin, the preparation cabin and the air shower cabin, a gas supply unit for supplying nuclear purification air to the connecting cabin, the preparation cabin and the air shower cabin, and a protection door arranged at the connecting position of the emergency inhabitable area, the connecting cabin, the preparation cabin and the air shower cabin; wherein the indoor air pressure of the connecting cabin, the preparation cabin and the air shower cabin decreases in sequence, the indoor air pressure of the air shower cabin is greater than the external environment air pressure, and the air shower cabin is provided with a protection door at the communication position with the external environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear accident emergency technology, and in particular to a mobile transition cabin system and its usage method for nuclear emergency applications. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of a nuclear power plant reactor accident, airborne radioactive contaminants can leak into the plant environment through various pathways. Nuclear power plants have designated emergency areas, such as the main control room and emergency center, as accommodations for personnel handling radioactive air pollution accidents. These areas are equipped with emergency ventilation systems to filter radioactive air contaminants, provide filtered fresh air, and pressurize the areas to prevent contaminated air from entering and to ensure the survival of personnel residing in these areas during an accident. This allows for the execution of radioactive accident response procedures. The entire emergency facility must ensure that the radiation dose received by personnel meets relevant requirements, i.e., it must be habitable.

[0003] Contamination and spread of radioactive air pollution on personnel: In the event of a radioactive air pollution accident, emergency personnel staying or passing through the emergency habitable zone are immersed in contaminated radioactive air. Their bodies are covered with radioactive gases, dust, and aerosols, and their shoes may also be contaminated with radioactive dust or solids. Although accident responders typically use methods such as wearing oxygen cylinders, iodine masks, plastic gloves, shoe covers, and paper clothing to protect themselves from the effects of radioactive air pollution, entering the emergency habitable zone directly without proper treatment can introduce a large amount of radioactive dust and aerosols into the zone. This can lead to a gradual spread of radioactive dust and aerosols from the entrance / exit gates into the habitable zone. Furthermore, as personnel move around, they can further carry radioactive dust and aerosols throughout the emergency habitable zone, accumulating over time and potentially causing radiation safety problems for personnel within the habitable area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile transition cabin system and a method of use for nuclear emergency use.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: a connecting compartment for connecting with an emergency habitable area, a preparation compartment for storing nuclear radiation protection equipment, an air shower for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols from the surface of personal protective equipment, a connecting unit connecting the emergency habitable area, the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, and the air shower, an air supply unit for supplying air to the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, and the air shower, and a protective door installed at the connection point of the emergency habitable area, the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, and the air shower; wherein, the indoor air pressure of the connecting compartment is greater than the indoor air pressure of the preparation compartment, the indoor air pressure of the preparation compartment is greater than the indoor air pressure of the air shower, the indoor air pressure of the air shower is greater than the external ambient air pressure, and the protective door is provided at the connection point between the air shower and the external environment.

[0006] In some embodiments, the protective door separates the emergency habitable area, connecting compartment, preparation compartment, and air shower compartment into several independent spaces.

[0007] In some embodiments, the connecting unit is provided with a passageway for pedestrians to pass through, the passageway is connected to the protective door, the connecting unit is arranged around the protective door, and the connecting unit isolates the space inside and outside the protective door and does not interfere with the normal opening of the protective door.

[0008] In some embodiments, the air shower includes a spray device for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols from the surface of personal protective equipment, a collection device for collecting dust, and an exhaust device for discharging gas. The spray device is located at the top of the air shower and discharges air downwards. The collection device is located at the bottom of the air shower, and the exhaust device is connected to the collection device.

[0009] In some embodiments, the air supply unit includes a compressed air supply assembly, a fan assembly, a cold and heat separation component, and a filter assembly. The fan assembly is connected to the filter assembly to form an external air passage. The cold and heat separation component has an inlet, a normal temperature air outlet, a cold air outlet, and a hot air outlet. The compressed air supply assembly is connected to the inlet. The cold air outlet is connected to the filter assembly to form a cold air passage. The hot air outlet is connected to the filter assembly to form a hot air passage. The normal temperature air outlet is connected to the filter assembly to form a normal temperature air passage. The filter assembly is connected to the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, the air shower compartment, and the connecting unit.

[0010] In some embodiments, the cold air path is provided with a first exhaust branch pipe, a cold air control valve and a cold air temperature sensor. The cold air control valve is disposed between the cold air outlet and the filter assembly. The first exhaust branch pipe is connected to the outside air. The cold air temperature sensor is disposed between the cold air control valve and the filter assembly.

[0011] In some embodiments, the hot and cold separation component consists of several vortex tubes, and the vortex tubes are wrapped with heat insulation material.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for using a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, comprising the following steps;

[0013] Step S1: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, and the air shower compartment. The air pressure introduced into the connecting compartment is greater than the air pressure introduced into the preparation compartment, and the air pressure introduced into the preparation compartment is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower compartment.

[0014] Step S2: When a user is detected entering the air shower chamber, the protective doors at both ends of the air shower chamber are closed, and the user is purged by the spray device set above the air shower chamber. The collection device collects the gas and discharges it outside the air shower chamber. When a signal is detected that the user confirms that the protective door between the air shower chamber and the preparation compartment can be opened, the protective door near the preparation compartment is opened.

[0015] Step S3: When a user is detected entering the preparation cabin, the protective door at the connection between the air shower and the preparation cabin is closed. When a signal is detected that the user confirms that the protective door between the preparation cabin and the connecting cabin can be opened, the protective door is opened.

[0016] Step S4: When a user is detected entering the connecting compartment, the protective door between the preparation compartment and the connecting compartment is closed, and then the protective door between the emergency habitable area and the connecting compartment is opened. When a user is detected entering the emergency habitable area, the protective door between the emergency habitable area and the connecting compartment is closed.

[0017] In some embodiments, exiting the cabin also includes the following steps:

[0018] Step S11: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting compartment, the preparation compartment, and the air shower compartment. The air pressure introduced into the connecting compartment is greater than the air pressure introduced into the preparation compartment, and the air pressure introduced into the preparation compartment is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower compartment.

[0019] Step S12: Open the protective door between the emergency habitable area and the connecting cabin. When a user is detected entering the connecting cabin, close the protective door between the emergency habitable area and the connecting cabin, and then open the protective door between the preparation cabin and the connecting cabin.

[0020] Step S13: When a signal is detected indicating that the user has confirmed that the protective door between the air shower and the preparation compartment can be opened, the protective door at the connection between the air shower and the preparation compartment is opened. When the user enters the air shower, the protective door at the connection between the air shower and the preparation compartment is closed, and the protective door at the connection between the air shower and the external environment is opened, allowing the user to enter the external environment.

[0021] In some embodiments, when no one is entering or exiting, the preparation compartment and the air shower are continuously supplied with air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, with the air pressure in the preparation compartment being greater than that in the air shower.

[0022] The present invention provides a mobile transition cabin system and method for nuclear emergency use, which has the following advantages: the transition cabin passage is divided into three independent compartments by protective doors, thereby forming three barriers at the protective doors of the emergency habitable area during radioactive air contamination. The decontamination and preparation steps before personnel return to the emergency habitable area from the external contaminated environment are all integrated into the system. As the connecting cabin, preparation cabin and air shower cabin continuously supply air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, the pressure decreases in sequence, and the airflow direction is from the emergency habitable area to the air shower cabin and then to the external environment. It is difficult for external natural airflow to enter the emergency habitable area, which greatly improves the protection effect. Moreover, the three-section transition cabin has a simple structure, is easy to deploy, and can be quickly assembled and disassembled for use in the event of a sudden nuclear accident. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a connecting compartment of a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a mobile transition cabin system air shower for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5This is a structural diagram of a nuclear air purification filter in a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a gas path diagram of a mobile transition chamber system for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the usage method of a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a gas supply diagram of a mobile transition chamber system for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is an air intake and exhaust duct diagram of the connecting unit of a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the compressed air source component of a mobile transition chamber system for nuclear emergency use, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure Labels

[0035] 100. Emergency Habitable Area; 110. Protective Door; 120. Connecting Unit; 200. Connecting Compartment; 210. Barometer; 300. Maintenance Compartment; 400. Air Shower; 410. Spray System; 420. Collection Device; 430. Exhaust System; 500. Air Supply Unit; 510. Compressed Air Supply Assembly; 520. Fan Assembly; 521. Fan Control Valve; 530. Hot and Cold Separation Component; 540. Filter Assembly; 541. Air Inlet; 542. First Air Inlet Valve; 543. Second Air Inlet Valve; 544. Insulated Enclosure; 545. Nuclear Air Purification Filter; 546. First Differential Pressure Gauge; 547. Second Differential Pressure Gauge; 548. Air Outlet; 550. Normal Temperature Air Outlet; 551. Normal Temperature Control Valve; 552. Main Pipe Temperature Sensor; 560. Cold Air Outlet; 5 61. First exhaust branch pipe; 562. Cold air control valve; 563. Cold air temperature sensor; 564. First exhaust control valve; 570. Hot air outlet; 571. Second exhaust branch pipe; 572. Hot air control valve; 573. Hot air temperature sensor; 574. Second exhaust control valve; 610. First switching valve; 620. Second switching valve; 630. Third switching valve; 640. Fourth switching valve; 650. Fifth switching valve; 660. Sixth switching valve; 670. Seventh switching valve; 680. Eighth switching valve; 690. Ninth switching valve; 700. Exhaust fan; 710. Motor; 720. Tachometer; 730. Bag filter; 800. Connector; 810. Upstream pressure sensor; 820. Downstream pressure sensor; 830. Shut-off valve; 840. Main control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "inner," and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0037] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. When an component is referred to as being "on" or "below" another component, the component can be located "directly" or "indirectly" on the other component, or there may be one or more intermediary components. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first," "second," "third," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] Figures 1 to 10 Some preferred embodiments of this utility model are shown, which describes a mobile transition cabin system and method of use for nuclear emergency use, and can be used for air pollution protection in nuclear-contaminated settlement areas.

[0039] Figures 1 to 6 This invention illustrates a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, which may include a connecting cabin 200 for communication with an emergency habitable area 100, a preparation cabin 300 for storing radiation protection equipment, an air shower cabin 400 for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols from the surface of personal protective equipment, a connecting unit 120 connecting the emergency habitable area 100, the connecting cabin 200, the preparation cabin 300, and the air shower cabin 400, and a connection unit 120 for connecting the connecting cabin 200, the preparation cabin 300, and the air shower cabin 400. The cabin 400 includes an air supply unit 500 that supplies air to the cabin, and a protective door 110 located at the connection points of the emergency habitable area 100, the connecting cabin 200, the preparation cabin 300, and the air shower cabin 400. The air pressure inside the connecting cabin 200 is greater than that inside the preparation cabin 300, the air pressure inside the preparation cabin 300 is greater than that inside the air shower cabin 400, the air pressure inside the air shower cabin 400 is greater than that outside the ambient air pressure, and the protective door 110 is located at the point where the air shower cabin 400 connects to the outside environment.

[0040] The passageway of the transition chamber is divided into three independent compartments by protective doors 110. This creates three barriers at the protective doors 110 of the emergency habitable zone 100 during periods of radioactive air pollution. The decontamination and preparation steps before personnel return to the emergency habitable zone 100 from the external contaminated environment are all integrated into this system. Furthermore, because the connecting chamber 200, preparation chamber 300, and air shower chamber 400 continuously supply air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, with the pressure decreasing sequentially, and the airflow direction is from the emergency habitable zone 100 to the air shower chamber 400 and then to the external environment, it is difficult for external natural airflow to enter the emergency habitable zone 100, greatly improving the protection effect.

[0041] The transition cabin is divided into three independent compartments by three protective doors 110, thus forming three barriers at the boundary gate of the emergency habitable zone 100 during periods of radioactive air contamination. Through the three doors and ventilation control of the three compartments, dynamic and static multi-layered isolation and shielding effects are achieved. The decontamination, preparation, and entry preparation for personnel returning from the radioactive air contamination environment to the emergency habitable zone 100 are all completed within a single transition cabin. The segmented design, lightweight, easy-to-assemble, and foldable construction ensures the transition cabin's mobility, ease of transport, and rapid assembly.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, one end of the connecting compartment 200 is connected to the doorway of the protective door 110 or the wall where the door is located via the connecting unit 120, without affecting the outward opening of the boundary door. The other end is connected to the maintenance compartment 300 via the connecting unit 120, and the connecting compartment 200 and the maintenance compartment 300 are separated or passable by the protective door 110.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the connecting compartment 200 has a rectangular cross-section, or a rectangular lower part and a semi-circular or triangular top, etc.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the connecting compartment 200 can be a space isolated from the external polluted atmosphere between the boundary door of the emergency habitable zone 100 and the preparation compartment 300, formed by assembling lightweight rods and joints of different sizes into a frame and covering it with a thin-film sealing material with a certain strength and tensile strength, or a prefabricated sealed thin-film product folding structure like a folding tent, which can be quickly opened and directly reinforced with supports to obtain the required space. The use of lightweight, simple materials and prefabrication methods achieves a design suitable for mobile deployment and allows for rapid construction of the preparation compartment 300.

[0045] Furthermore, all electrical and ventilation ducts are sealed at the points where they pass through the connecting compartment 200, preparation compartment 300, air shower compartment 400, and connecting unit 120 to ensure that outside air cannot enter.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, a barometer 210 is installed in the connecting compartment 200, the preparation compartment 300, and the air shower compartment 400. The internal air pressure is detected by the differential pressure gauge, so that the air pressure in the connecting compartment 200, the preparation compartment 300, and the air shower compartment 400 is always greater than the external atmospheric pressure.

[0047] In one specific embodiment, the preparation compartment 300 is a prefabricated structure consisting of a folded, inflatable rubber frame and a prefabricated thin-film product. After inflation, the inflatable frame quickly unfolds to provide support, and by stretching the prefabricated thin-film sealing material, a connecting compartment 200 spatial structure is rapidly formed. The use of lightweight, simple, and high-strength materials and prefabrication methods achieves a design suitable for mobile deployment and allows for rapid assembly of the preparation compartment 300.

[0048] Furthermore, the maintenance compartment 300 houses radioactive surface contamination measuring equipment and small protective items such as cloth gloves, plastic gloves, and shoe covers. Larger protective items, such as gas cylinders worn outdoors, are also stored there. Surface decontamination supplies, such as cleaning cloths and wiping paper, as well as sealed collection containers and bags for radioactive contaminants, are also required.

[0049] Understandably, the preparation compartment 300 is considered a transition zone between radioactive contamination and non-radioactive areas. Except for small protective equipment and other disposable protective gear, other items in this area are considered by management to be potentially contaminated on the surface. Only after surface contamination measurement confirms that there is no surface contamination can they be carried into the connecting compartment 200.

[0050] Furthermore, Figure 9 The diagram shows that the air within the preparation compartment 300 is supplied by nuclear-purified air from the connection unit 120 via an intake circuit, and the air in the area is discharged via an exhaust circuit. A differential pressure gauge monitors the pressure in the preparation compartment 300 and the atmosphere, and the air pressure inside the compartment is adjusted by controlling the intake and exhaust airflow. The air pressure in this area needs to be adjusted to be slightly higher than atmospheric pressure to reduce the direct leakage of external polluted air into this area, while being slightly lower than the pressure in the connection compartment to ensure that air from the preparation compartment does not permeate into the connection compartment.

[0051] Furthermore, the locations where the air supply and exhaust ducts of the connecting compartment and the preparation compartment pass through the connecting components are sealed.

[0052] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The protective door 110, as shown in one embodiment, may enclose the emergency habitable area 100, the connecting compartment 200, the preparation compartment 300, and the air shower compartment 400 into several independent spaces.

[0053] Figure 2The connection unit 120 is shown in one embodiment. The connection unit 120 is disposed at the protective door 110. The connection unit 120 has a passage for pedestrians to pass through. The passage is connected to the protective door 110. The connection unit 120 is disposed around the protective door 110. The connection unit 120 isolates the inner and outer spaces of the protective door 110 and does not interfere with the normal opening of the protective door 110.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the connecting unit 120 is assembled into a frame using metal rods and joints of different sizes, and then covered with a thin film-type sealing material with a certain strength and tensile force. Alternatively, it can be formed by using a prefabricated sealing film product folding structure, such as a folding tent, which can be quickly opened and directly formed by the supporting frame.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, the connection between the connecting unit 120 and the door opening or door frame of the protective door 110 is sealed by means of bolts, gaskets, adhesives or bonding.

[0056] Figure 4 The air shower chamber 400, as shown in one embodiment, may include a spray device 410 for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols from the surface of personal protective equipment, a collection device 420 for collecting dust, and an exhaust device 430 for discharging gas. The spray device 410 is located at the top of the air shower chamber 400 and discharges air downwards. The collection device 420 is located at the bottom of the air shower chamber 400. The exhaust device 430 is connected to the collection device 420.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, the air shower chamber 400 has a spray device 410 above it and a collection device 420 and an exhaust device 430 below it. An enclosed air shower chamber is formed between the air shower chamber passage and the protective door 110. The spray air, which has been filtered by radioactivity, is blown out from the spray device 410 above to sweep away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols on the surface of the personal protective equipment. The air is collected by the collection device 420 below and the exhaust is directly discharged into the air outside the chamber.

[0058] Furthermore, the air shower chamber 400 can be a space formed between the protective door 110 of the emergency habitable area 100 and the preparation cabin 300, physically isolated from the external polluted atmosphere, after being assembled into a frame by metal rods and joints of different sizes and covered with a thin-film sealing material with a certain strength and tensile strength. Alternatively, it can be a prefabricated sealed thin-film product folding structure, similar to a folding tent, which can be quickly opened and directly reinforced with supports to obtain the required space.

[0059] The air shower chamber 400 can also be a prefabricated foldable rubber inflatable frame foldable structure film product prefabricated structure. After inflation, the inflatable frame quickly opens to support, and a connecting chamber 200 space structure is quickly formed by pulling the prefabricated film sealing material.

[0060] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The air supply unit 500, as shown in one embodiment, may include a compressed air supply assembly 510, a fan assembly 520, a hot and cold separation component 530, and a filter assembly 540. The fan assembly 520 is connected to the filter assembly 540 to form an external air passage. The hot and cold separation component 530 is provided with an inlet, a normal temperature air outlet 550, a cold air outlet 560, and a hot air outlet 570. The compressed air supply assembly 510 is connected to the inlet. The cold air outlet 560 is connected to the filter assembly 540 to form a cold air passage. The hot air outlet 570 is connected to the filter assembly 540 to form a hot air passage. The normal temperature air outlet 550 is connected to the filter assembly 540 to form a normal temperature air passage. The filter assembly 540 is connected to the connecting chamber 200, the preparation chamber 300, the air shower chamber 400, and the connecting unit 120. All the gas must be processed by the filter assembly 540 before it can be supplied to the transition chamber system.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the compressed air source is not a component of this system. It is mainly generated and supplied by various air compression devices with compressed air of 0.3 to 0.8 MPa, which is the normal industrial application air pressure.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, Figure 10 The compressed air source is shown to consist of a connector 800, an upstream pressure sensor 810, a downstream pressure sensor 820, a shut-off valve 830, and a main control valve 840. The connector 800, shut-off valve 830, and main control valve 840 are connected in sequence by pipes. The upstream pressure sensor 810 is installed on the pipe between the connector 800 and the shut-off valve 830, and the downstream pressure sensor 820 is installed on the pipe after the main control valve 840.

[0063] Understandably, the hot air path can output a hotter airflow to raise the temperature inside the cabin, the cold air path can output a colder airflow to lower the temperature inside the cabin, and the ambient temperature path outputs high-pressure room temperature gas.

[0064] Understandably, the external air path uses ambient air supplied to the filter assembly 540 via a fan.

[0065] In one specific embodiment, a normal temperature control valve is also provided at the normal temperature air outlet 550, which is used to control the air outlet airflow.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the ambient temperature air path, the cold air path, and the hot air path converge to form a main pipe, and the main pipe is equipped with a main pipe temperature sensor to sense the air temperature inside the main pipe.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, the filter assembly 540 includes an air inlet 541, an insulated housing 544, a nuclear air purification filter 545, a first differential pressure gauge 546, a second differential pressure gauge 547, a first intake valve 542, a second intake valve 543, and an air outlet 548. The filter assembly 540 uses two sets of parallel insulated housings 544, housing two sets of nuclear air purification filters 545. Normally, only one set of filters operates, with the other as a backup. The first differential pressure gauge 546 and the second differential pressure gauge 547 are respectively connected to the insulated housing 544. When a filter in operation becomes clogged, the differential pressure gauge detects an excessive pressure difference across the filter, indicating a blockage, and immediately switches to the other set of filters for air filtration. The filtered air is output from the air outlet 548. In an emergency, a high differential pressure on the filter may cause it to burst, completely losing its filtration capacity. This could lead to radioactive contaminants harming personnel inside the cabin and potentially increasing the risk of radioactive contaminants entering the emergency habitable zone 100 through the boundary door. By employing differential pressure monitoring, automatic switching, and differential pressure alarms for filters, the risk of filters being blown out can be significantly reduced. Alarms can be issued promptly to indicate when filters need replacement, allowing emergency personnel to replace high-differential-pressure filters in a timely manner, thus greatly improving the system's reliability and continuous operation capability.

[0068] Figure 6 The cold air path shown in one embodiment may include a first exhaust branch pipe 561, a cold air control valve 562, and a cold air temperature sensor 563. The cold air control valve 562 is located between the cold air outlet 560 and the filter assembly 540. The first exhaust branch pipe 561 is connected to the outside air. The cold air temperature sensor 563 is located between the cold air control valve 562 and the filter assembly 540. The cold air control valve 562 is used to control the opening and closing of the cold air path. The temperature sensor is used to detect whether the air temperature of the cold air path has reached a specified temperature. The first exhaust branch pipe 561 is used to exhaust cold air to the outside space.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the first exhaust branch pipe 561 is further provided with a first exhaust control valve 564 for controlling the exhaust switch of the first exhaust branch pipe 561.

[0070] Figure 6 The hot air path shown in one embodiment may include a second exhaust branch pipe 571, a hot air control valve 572, and a hot air temperature sensor 573. The hot air control valve 572 is located between the hot air outlet 570 and the filter assembly 540. The second exhaust branch pipe 571 is connected to the outside air. The hot air temperature sensor 573 is located between the hot air control valve 572 and the filter assembly 540. The hot air control valve 572 is used to control the opening and closing of the hot air path. The temperature sensor is used to detect whether the air temperature of the hot air path has reached a specified temperature. The second exhaust branch pipe 571 is used to exhaust hot air to the outside space.

[0071] In one specific embodiment, the second exhaust branch pipe 571 is further provided with a first exhaust control valve 564 for controlling the exhaust switch of the second exhaust branch pipe 571.

[0072] In one specific embodiment, when the cold air path is venting, the hot and cold separation component 530 will simultaneously output hot air. At this time, the hot air is discharged to the external environment through the second exhaust branch pipe 571. When the hot air path is venting, the hot and cold separation component 530 will simultaneously output cold air. At this time, the cold air is discharged to the external environment through the first exhaust branch pipe 561.

[0073] In one specific embodiment, the hot and cold separation component 530 has three operating modes as follows:

[0074] The first method is to provide a cooling source:

[0075] The hot and cold air separator operates as follows: Compressed air is supplied to the hot and cold air separation component 530 via a compressed air source. The cold air control valve 562, the second exhaust control valve 574, and the ambient temperature control valve 551 are opened; the first exhaust control valve 564 and the hot air control valve 572 are closed. Compressed air enters the vortex tube. Cold air flows from the cold air duct through the cold air control valve 562, mixing with the compressed air via the vortex tube bypass and the ambient temperature control valve 551 before passing through the filter assembly 540. After passing through the filter assembly 540, it supplies cold air to each compartment. The corresponding temperature can be obtained through the main pipe temperature sensor 552. The temperature and air supply volume of the cold air source can be adjusted through the cold air control valve 562 and the ambient temperature control valve 551. The hot air generated by the vortex tube cannot be used here but can be discharged into the atmosphere through the opening of the second exhaust control valve 574. It should be understood that the second exhaust branch pipe discharges relatively high-temperature air to prevent burns to personnel.

[0076] The second method involves providing a heat source:

[0077] The hot and cold separation component operates as follows: Compressed air is supplied to this component by the compressed air connection component, opening the first exhaust control valve 564, the hot air control valve 572, and the ambient temperature control valve 551; the cold air control valve 562 and the second exhaust control valve 574 are closed. Compressed air enters the vortex tube, while hot air from the hot air duct passes through the hot air control valve 572 and mixes with the compressed air via the vortex tube bypass and ambient temperature control valve 551 before passing through the filter assembly 540. After passing through the filter, it provides a hot air source to each compartment. The corresponding temperature can be obtained through the main pipe temperature sensor 552, and the temperature and air supply of the hot air source can be adjusted through the first exhaust control valve 564, the hot air control valve 572, and the ambient temperature control valve 551. The cold air generated by the vortex tube, which cannot be used here, is discharged into the atmosphere through the opening of the first exhaust control valve 564. It should be understood that the exhaust port discharges relatively cold air to prevent frostbite to personnel.

[0078] The third option is to provide a room-temperature gas source:

[0079] The hot and cold separation component operates as follows: the compressed air connection component supplies compressed air to this component, opening the ambient temperature control valve 551; closing the first exhaust control valve 564, the hot air control valve 572, and closing the cold air control valve 562 and the second exhaust control valve 574. The compressed air enters the vortex tube and bypasses to the filter, providing ambient temperature air to each compartment.

[0080] In one specific embodiment, there are three gas supply methods:

[0081] The first method involves the compressed air supply component 510 operating while the fan component 520 serves as a backup.

[0082] The compressed air supply assembly 510 supplies air to each compartment separately through the compressed air heat and cold separation component 530. When the compressed air supply is interrupted or the pressure is lower than the limit, the equipment will automatically alarm, and the compressed air control valve can be manually or automatically closed. The fan assembly 520 can be manually or automatically opened to supply air through the fan air supply component.

[0083] The second method involves operation with the fan assembly 520 supplying air and the compressed air supply assembly 510 serving as a backup.

[0084] Air is supplied independently by the fan assembly 520. When the motor 710 speed sensor shows a low speed and the barometer 210 simultaneously shows a low pressure signal, the equipment will alarm and can manually or automatically shut down the fan assembly 520.

[0085] If the pressure displayed by the upstream pressure sensor of the compressed air supply component 510 is lower than the set value and the control switch of the motor 710 is in a de-energized state, the equipment will issue an emergency alarm signal in various ways, such as sound and light, indicating the loss of all air supply functions.

[0086] The third type is a combined air supply method:

[0087] This operating mode is mainly used when the air supply is provided by the fan assembly 520. If the ambient air temperature outside the cabin is too low or too high, in order to control the ambient temperature inside the transition cabin, a combined air supply is provided by the compressed air supply assembly 510 to the cold and heat separation component 530 to provide corresponding cold and hot air for temperature regulation.

[0088] Understandably, the two power sources in the main air supply circuit provide mutual backup:

[0089] This system can manually or automatically switch to the compressed air supply circuit to maintain air supply even in the event of main power failure, fan component 520 malfunction, or when compressed air is available. Similarly, even after compressed air supply is lost, it can manually or automatically maintain air supply when power is available. Since the power source for compressed air differs from that of electricity, the probability of losing both power sources simultaneously is very low; therefore, the reliability of this system's air supply is extremely high.

[0090] When compressed air is used as power, vortex tube technology can be used to supply air at three different temperatures as needed. Due to the simple structure and working characteristics of vortex tubes, the reliability and stability of compressed air supply and temperature control equipment are very high. Compared with air conditioning systems with other working principles, it has a simple structure and is easy to use in extreme conditions.

[0091] Figure 6 The illustration shows that the cold and heat separation component 530, in one embodiment, may comprise a plurality of vortex tubes, the vortex tubes being externally wrapped with heat-insulating material. Vortex tubes offer the following advantages: wide working fluid temperature range: according to current research on vortex tubes, the lowest cold-end temperature can reach -46°C, and the highest hot-end temperature can reach 127°C; pollution-free: using vortex tubes as a refrigeration device avoids the environmental pollution caused by refrigerant leakage, unlike traditional refrigeration equipment, and prevents the harmful effects of refrigerant leakage on the human respiratory system; simple structure, no moving parts, high reliability, and convenient maintenance; fast start-up, and simple temperature and flow rate adjustment;

[0092] Figures 1 to 7 This invention illustrates a method of using a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, according to one embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0093] Step S1: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting compartment 200, the maintenance compartment 300, and the air shower compartment 400. The air pressure introduced into the connecting compartment 200 is greater than the air pressure introduced into the maintenance compartment 300, and the air pressure introduced into the maintenance compartment 300 is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower compartment 400.

[0094] Step S2: When a user is detected to have entered the air shower chamber 400, the protective doors 110 at both ends of the air shower chamber 400 are closed. The user is then purged by a spray device located above the air shower chamber 400. The collection device 420 collects the gas and discharges it outside the air shower chamber. When a signal is detected that the user has confirmed that the protective door between the air shower chamber 400 and the maintenance compartment 300 can be opened, the protective door 110 near the maintenance compartment 300 is opened.

[0095] Step S3: When it is detected that a user has entered the maintenance compartment 300, the protective door 110 at the connection between the air shower compartment 400 and the maintenance compartment 300 is closed. When a signal is detected that the user confirms that the protective door between the maintenance compartment 300 and the connecting compartment 200 can be opened, the protective door is opened.

[0096] Step S4: When a user is detected entering the connecting compartment 200, the protective door between the preparation compartment 300 and the connecting compartment 200 is closed, and then the protective door 110 between the emergency habitable area 100 and the connecting compartment 200 is opened. When a user is detected entering the emergency habitable area 100, the protective door 110 between the emergency habitable area 100 and the connecting compartment 200 is closed.

[0097] Furthermore, when returning to the habitable area from the outside, radiation protection masks should not be removed in the area to prevent radioactive contamination of the air.

[0098] Figure 7 The following steps may be included in one embodiment of the extravehicular activity:

[0099] Step S11: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting compartment 200, the maintenance compartment 300, and the air shower compartment 400. The air pressure introduced into the connecting compartment 200 is greater than the air pressure introduced into the maintenance compartment 300, and the air pressure introduced into the maintenance compartment 300 is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower compartment 400.

[0100] Step S12: Open the protective door 110 between the emergency habitable area 100 and the connecting compartment 200. When a user is detected entering the connecting compartment 200, close the protective door 110 between the emergency habitable area 100 and the connecting compartment 200, and then open the protective door 110 between the preparation compartment 300 and the connecting compartment 200.

[0101] Step S13: When a signal is detected indicating that the user has confirmed that the protective door between the air shower chamber 400 and the maintenance chamber 300 can be opened, the protective door 110 at the connection between the air shower chamber 400 and the maintenance chamber 300 is opened. When the user enters the air shower chamber 400, the protective door 110 at the connection between the air shower chamber 400 and the maintenance chamber 300 is closed, and the protective door 110 at the connection between the air shower chamber 400 and the external environment is opened, allowing the user to enter the external environment.

[0102] Figure 7 As shown in one embodiment, when no one is entering or exiting, air above atmospheric pressure may be continuously supplied to a maintenance compartment 300 and an air shower compartment 400, with the air pressure in the maintenance compartment 300 being greater than that in the air shower compartment 400.

[0103] The air supply unit 500 also includes: a first switching valve 610, a second switching valve 620, a third switching valve 630, a fourth switching valve 640, a fifth switching valve 650, a sixth switching valve 660, a seventh switching valve 670, an eighth switching valve 680, a ninth switching valve 690, an exhaust fan 700, a motor 710, a tachometer 720, and a bag filter 730.

[0104] Understandably, the bag filter 730 filters out particles from the air discharged from the air shower chamber 400, collects and processes them, or can discharge them directly without passing through the bag filter 730.

[0105] Unmanned access method:

[0106] With the transition chamber installed and the boundary doors and protective doors 110 of the emergency habitable area 100 closed, and no one passing through, the first switch valve 610, the third switch valve 630, the fourth switch valve 640, the sixth switch valve 660, and the ninth switch valve 690 are closed; the second switch valve 620, the seventh switch valve 670, and the eighth switch valve 680 are open. The main air supply circuit provides a small flow of filtered air. The filtered fresh air enters the preparation chamber 300 through the second switch valve 620, then enters the air shower chamber 400 through the seventh switch valve 670, and finally exits the chamber outside through the eighth switch valve 680, forming a flow of filtered air from the preparation chamber 300 → air shower chamber 400 → atmosphere, which is used to maintain the minimum positive pressure, temperature, and ventilation rate of the preparation chamber 300 and the air shower chamber 400.

[0107] (2) Exit method:

[0108] When personnel enter the connecting compartment 200 and prepare to exit the emergency habitable area 100, an exit signal is issued via voice, button, or touch. At this time, the second switch valve 620, the fourth switch valve 640, the sixth switch valve 660, and the ninth switch valve 690 close; the first switch valve 610 and the third switch valve 630 open; and the fifth switch valve 650, the seventh switch valve 670, and the eighth switch valve 680 open, forming a flow of filtered air from the connecting compartment 200 → the preparation compartment 300 → the air shower compartment 400 → the atmosphere.

[0109] Personnel prepare to exit the cabin within the connecting compartment 200, including donning and preparing small protective gear. They open the protective door 110 of the connecting compartment 200, enter the preparation compartment 300, and close the protective door 110 of the connecting compartment 200. In the preparation compartment 300, they prepare and don larger protective gear, such as paper gowns and gas cylinders. After confirming that the protective gear is in place, they open the protective door 110 of the preparation compartment 300, enter the air shower compartment 400, and close the protective door 110 of the preparation compartment 300. Once all personnel and protective gear are confirmed to be in place, they open the protective door 110 of the air shower compartment 400, enter the contaminated outside air, and then close the protective door 110 of the air shower compartment 400. Before exiting the cabin, an exit signal is given. The ventilation system maintains exit operation for 5 minutes before switching to unmanned operation mode. This is to remove the radioactive air brought into the air shower compartment 400 from the outside contaminated air when the protective door 110 of the air shower compartment 400 is opened.

[0110] (3) Entry method:

[0111] When personnel prepare to enter the emergency habitable area 100, first open the protective door 110 of the air shower chamber 400, and then close the protective door 110 after entering. After a spray signal is issued via voice, button, or touch, the second switch valve 620, the fourth switch valve 640, the sixth switch valve 660, and the eighth switch valve 680 close, while the first switch valve 610, the third switch valve 630, the fifth switch valve 650, the seventh switch valve 670, and the ninth switch valve 690 open. The main air supply circuit rapidly increases the air supply volume, and the exhaust fan 700 starts and increases the exhaust volume. The airflow direction within the chamber is: connecting compartment 200 → preparation compartment 300 → air shower chamber 400 → atmospheric flow. Inside the air shower chamber 400, purified air with a certain pressure head is sprayed downwards from the spray device 410 at the top of the chamber to sweep the surface of the protective equipment of the personnel entering. The dust, aerosols and dirt on the soles of shoes blown off are sucked in by the negative pressure air in the collection device 420, filtered through the bag filter 730, and the exhaust is directly discharged into the polluted air outside the chamber.

[0112] Personnel in the air shower 400 can also use the vacuum hose connected to the collection device 420 to vacuum specific equipment such as gas cylinders or suspected areas.

[0113] After a signal to stop the air shower is issued via voice, button, or touch, exhaust fan 700 stops operating, second switch valve 620, fourth switch valve 640, sixth switch valve 660, and ninth switch valve 690 close, and first switch valve 610, third switch valve 630, fifth switch valve 650, seventh switch valve 670, and eighth switch valve 680 open. The main air supply circuit reduces the air supply volume, and ventilation operates in exit mode. The airflow direction in the compartment is: connecting compartment 200 → preparation compartment 300 → air shower compartment 400 → atmospheric flow. Inside air shower compartment 400, personnel remove protective equipment used in the polluted external air, such as plastic gloves, shoe covers, and paper clothing, and change into temporary cloth gloves and shoe covers used inside the compartment, preparing to enter preparation compartment 300.

[0114] After opening the protective door 110 of the preparation compartment 300 and entering, close the protective door 110. Inside the preparation compartment 300, use a radioactive surface contamination instrument to detect surface contamination on hands, body surfaces, and carried protective equipment. If necessary, use decontamination solutions or other methods to remove contaminants. After confirming no contamination, prepare and remove temporary protective equipment to enter the connecting compartment 200.

[0115] Open the protective door 110 of the connecting compartment 200, enter the connecting compartment 200, close the protective door 110 of the connecting compartment 200, and issue a signal to enter the emergency habitable area 100 via voice, button, or touch. The entire transition compartment ventilation system is restored to an unmanned mode, and personnel open the boundary door to enter the emergency habitable area 100.

[0116] It is understood that the above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can freely combine the above technical features without departing from the concept of the present invention, and can also make several modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made with respect to the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, characterized in that, include: A connecting compartment (200) for connecting to the emergency habitable area (100), a preparation compartment (300) for storing nuclear radiation protection equipment, an air shower compartment (400) for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols from the surface of personal protective equipment, a connecting unit (120) for connecting the emergency habitable area (100), the connecting compartment (200), the preparation compartment (300), and the air shower compartment (400), an air supply unit (500) for supplying air to the connecting compartment (200), the preparation compartment (300), and the air shower compartment (400), and a protective door (110) installed at the connection point of the emergency habitable area (100), the connecting compartment (200), the preparation compartment (300), and the air shower compartment (400); The indoor air pressure of the connecting compartment (200) is greater than that of the preparation compartment (300), the indoor air pressure of the preparation compartment (300) is greater than that of the air shower compartment (400), the indoor air pressure of the air shower compartment (400) is greater than that of the external environment, and the protective door (110) is provided at the connection between the air shower compartment (400) and the external environment. The connecting unit (120) is provided with a passageway for pedestrians to pass through, the passageway is connected to the protective door (110), and the connecting unit (120) is arranged around the protective door (110); The air supply unit (500) includes a compressed air supply assembly (510), a fan assembly (520), a cold and heat separation component (530), and a filter assembly (540). The fan assembly (520) is connected to the filter assembly (540) to form an external air path. The cold and heat separation component (530) is provided with an inlet, a normal temperature air outlet (550), a cold air outlet (560), and a hot air outlet (570). The compressed air supply assembly (510) is connected to the inlet. The cold air outlet (560) is connected to the filter assembly (540) to form a cold air path. The hot air outlet (570) is connected to the filter assembly (540) to form a hot air path. The normal temperature air outlet (550) is connected to the filter assembly (540) to form a normal temperature air path. The filter assembly (540) is connected to the connecting compartment (200), the preparation compartment (300), the air shower compartment (400), and the connecting unit (120). The hot and cold separation component (530) consists of several vortex tubes, and the outside of the vortex tubes is wrapped with heat insulation material.

2. The mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective door (110) separates the emergency habitable area (100), the connecting compartment (200), the preparation compartment (300), and the air shower compartment (400) into several independent spaces.

3. A mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air shower chamber (400) includes a spray device (410) for blowing away loose dust and adsorbed aerosols on the surface of personal protective equipment, a collection device (420) for collecting dust, and an exhaust device (430) for discharging gas. The spray device (410) is located at the top of the air shower chamber (400) and discharges air downwards. The collection device (420) is located at the bottom of the air shower chamber (400). The exhaust device (430) is connected to the collection device (420).

4. A mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold air path is provided with a first exhaust branch pipe (561), a cold air control valve (562) and a cold air temperature sensor (563). The cold air control valve (562) is located between the cold air outlet (560) and the filter assembly (540). The first exhaust branch pipe (561) is connected to the outside air. The cold air temperature sensor (563) is located between the cold air control valve (562) and the filter assembly (540).

5. A method of using a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use, applied to the mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting chamber (200), the preparation chamber (300), and the air shower chamber (400). The air pressure introduced into the connecting chamber (200) is greater than the air pressure introduced into the preparation chamber (300), and the air pressure introduced into the preparation chamber (300) is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower chamber (400). Step S2: When a user is detected entering the air shower chamber (400), the protective doors (110) at both ends of the air shower chamber (400) are closed. The user is purged by the spray device set above the air shower chamber (400). The collection device (420) collects the gas and discharges it outside the air shower chamber. When a signal is detected that the user confirms that the protective door between the air shower chamber (400) and the maintenance compartment (300) can be opened, the protective door (110) near the maintenance compartment (300) is opened. Step S3: When a user is detected entering the preparation compartment (300), the protective door (110) at the connection between the air shower compartment (400) and the preparation compartment (300) is closed. When a signal is detected that the user confirms that the protective door between the preparation compartment (300) and the connecting compartment (200) can be opened, the protective door is opened. Step S4: When a user is detected entering the connecting compartment (200), the protective door between the preparation compartment (300) and the connecting compartment (200) is closed, and then the protective door (110) between the emergency habitable area (100) and the connecting compartment (200) is opened. When a user is detected entering the emergency habitable area (100), the protective door (110) between the emergency habitable area (100) and the connecting compartment (200) is closed.

6. The method of using a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use according to claim 5, characterized in that, When a user exits the emergency habitable area (100), the following steps are included: Step S11: Continuously introduce air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure into the connecting chamber (200), the preparation chamber (300), and the air shower chamber (400). The air pressure introduced into the connecting chamber (200) is greater than the air pressure introduced into the preparation chamber (300), and the air pressure introduced into the preparation chamber (300) is greater than the air pressure introduced into the air shower chamber (400). Step S12: Open the protective door (110) between the emergency habitable area (100) and the connecting compartment (200). When a user is detected entering the connecting compartment (200), close the protective door (110) between the emergency habitable area (100) and the connecting compartment (200). Then open the protective door (110) between the preparation compartment (300) and the connecting compartment (200). Step S13: When a signal is detected indicating that the user has confirmed that the protective door between the air shower (400) and the maintenance compartment (300) can be opened, the protective door (110) at the connection between the air shower (400) and the maintenance compartment (300) is opened. When a user is detected entering the air shower (400), the protective door (110) at the connection between the air shower (400) and the maintenance compartment (300) is closed, and the protective door (110) at the connection between the air shower (400) and the external environment is opened, allowing the user to enter the external environment.

7. The method of using a mobile transition cabin system for nuclear emergency use according to claim 5, characterized in that, When no one enters, the maintenance compartment (300) and the air shower compartment (400) are continuously supplied with air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and the air pressure in the maintenance compartment (300) is greater than the air pressure in the air shower compartment (400).

Images